501
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Sawant KV, Poluri KM, Dutta AK, Sepuru KM, Troshkina A, Garofalo RP, Rajarathnam K. Chemokine CXCL1 mediated neutrophil recruitment: Role of glycosaminoglycan interactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33123. [PMID: 27625115 PMCID: PMC5021969 DOI: 10.1038/srep33123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL1/MGSA plays a pivotal role in the host immune response by recruiting and activating neutrophils for microbial killing at the tissue site. CXCL1 exists reversibly as monomers and dimers, and mediates its function by binding glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and CXCR2 receptor. We recently showed that both monomers and dimers are potent CXCR2 agonists, the dimer is the high-affinity GAG ligand, lysine and arginine residues located in two non-overlapping domains mediate GAG interactions, and there is extensive overlap between GAG and receptor-binding domains. To understand how these structural properties influence in vivo function, we characterized peritoneal neutrophil recruitment of a trapped monomer and trapped dimer and a panel of WT lysine/arginine to alanine mutants. Monomers and dimers were active, but WT was more active indicating synergistic interactions promote recruitment. Mutants from both domains showed reduced GAG heparin binding affinities and reduced neutrophil recruitment, providing compelling evidence that both GAG-binding domains mediate in vivo trafficking. Further, mutant of a residue that is involved in both GAG binding and receptor signaling showed the highest reduction in recruitment. We conclude that GAG interactions and receptor activity of CXCL1 monomers and dimers are fine-tuned to regulate neutrophil trafficking for successful resolution of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti V Sawant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Amit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Troshkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto P Garofalo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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502
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Oghumu S, Nori U, Bracewell A, Zhang J, Bott C, Nadasdy GM, Brodsky SV, Pelletier R, Satoskar AR, Nadasdy T, Satoskar AA. Differential gene expression pattern in biopsies with renal allograft pyelonephritis and allograft rejection. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:1115-33. [PMID: 27352120 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Differentiating acute pyelonephritis (APN) from acute rejection (AR) in renal allograft biopsies can sometimes be difficult because of overlapping clinical and histologic features, lack of positive urine cultures,and variable response to antibiotics. We wanted to study differential gene expression between AR and APN using biopsy tissue. Thirty-three biopsies were analyzed using NanoString multiplex platform and PCR (6 transplant baseline biopsies, 8 AR, 15 APN [8 culture positive, 7 culture negative], and 4 native pyelonephritis [NP]). Additional 22 biopsies were tested by PCR to validate the results. CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IDO1 were the top differentially expressed genes, upregulated in AR. Lactoferrin (LTF) and CXCL1 were higher in APN and NP. No statistically significant difference in transcript levels was seen between culture-positive and culture-negative APN biopsies. Comparing the overall mRNA signature using Ingenuity pathway analysis, interferon-gamma emerged as the dominant upstream regulator in AR and allograft APN, but not in NP (which clustered separately). Our study suggests that chemokine pathways in graft APN may differ from NP and in fact resemble AR, due to a component of alloreactivity, resulting in variable response to antibiotic treatment. Therefore, cautious addition of steroids might help in resistant cases of graft APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Uday Nori
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Bracewell
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cherri Bott
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gyongyi M Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Pelletier
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tibor Nadasdy
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Anjali A Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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503
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Watters C, Fleming D, Bishop D, Rumbaugh KP. Host Responses to Biofilm. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 142:193-239. [PMID: 27571696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From birth to death the human host immune system interacts with bacterial cells. Biofilms are communities of microbes embedded in matrices composed of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and have been implicated in both the healthy microbiome and disease states. The immune system recognizes many different bacterial patterns, molecules, and antigens, but these components can be camouflaged in the biofilm mode of growth. Instead, immune cells come into contact with components of the EPS matrix, a diverse, hydrated mixture of extracellular DNA (bacterial and host), proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. As bacterial cells transition from planktonic to biofilm-associated they produce small molecules, which can increase inflammation, induce cell death, and even cause necrosis. To survive, invading bacteria must overcome the epithelial barrier, host microbiome, complement, and a variety of leukocytes. If bacteria can evade these initial cell populations they have an increased chance at surviving and causing ongoing disease in the host. Planktonic cells are readily cleared, but biofilms reduce the effectiveness of both polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages. In addition, in the presence of these cells, biofilm formation is actively enhanced, and components of host immune cells are assimilated into the EPS matrix. While pathogenic biofilms contribute to states of chronic inflammation, probiotic Lactobacillus biofilms cause a negligible immune response and, in states of inflammation, exhibit robust antiinflammatory properties. These probiotic biofilms colonize and protect the gut and vagina, and have been implicated in improved healing of damaged skin. Overall, biofilms stimulate a unique immune response that we are only beginning to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Watters
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - D Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - D Bishop
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - K P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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504
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Long H, Wang Y, Jian F, Liao LN, Yang X, Lai WL. Current advances in orthodontic pain. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:67-75. [PMID: 27341389 PMCID: PMC4932774 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic pain is an inflammatory pain that is initiated by orthodontic force-induced vascular occlusion followed by a cascade of inflammatory responses, including vascular changes, the recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells, and the release of neurogenic and pro-inflammatory mediators. Ultimately, endogenous analgesic mechanisms check the inflammatory response and the sensation of pain subsides. The orthodontic pain signal, once received by periodontal sensory endings, reaches the sensory cortex for pain perception through three-order neurons: the trigeminal neuron at the trigeminal ganglia, the trigeminal nucleus caudalis at the medulla oblongata and the ventroposterior nucleus at the thalamus. Many brain areas participate in the emotion, cognition and memory of orthodontic pain, including the insular cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus and hypothalamus. A built-in analgesic neural pathway—periaqueductal grey and dorsal raphe—has an important role in alleviating orthodontic pain. Currently, several treatment modalities have been applied for the relief of orthodontic pain, including pharmacological, mechanical and behavioural approaches and low-level laser therapy. The effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief has been validated, but its effects on tooth movement are controversial. However, more studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of other modalities. Furthermore, gene therapy is a novel, viable and promising modality for alleviating orthodontic pain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Na Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Li Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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505
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Thiruchelvam U, Maybin JA, Armstrong GM, Greaves E, Saunders PTK, Critchley HOD. Cortisol regulates the paracrine action of macrophages by inducing vasoactive gene expression in endometrial cells. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:1165-71. [PMID: 26701134 PMCID: PMC4952012 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a0215-061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium undergoes inflammation and tissue repair during menstruation. We hypothesized that the local availability of bioactive glucocorticoids plays an important role in immune cell-vascular cell interactions in endometrium during tissue repair at menstruation, acting either directly or indirectly via tissue resident macrophages. We sought to determine whether endometrial macrophages are direct targets for glucocorticoids; whether cortisol-treated macrophages have a paracrine effect on angiogenic gene expression by endometrial endothelial cells; and whether endometrial macrophages express angiogenic factors. Human endometrium (n = 41) was collected with ethical approval and subject consent. Donor peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with estradiol, progesterone, or cortisol. The effect of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophage secretory products on the expression of angiogenic RNAs by endothelial cells was examined. Immunofluorescence was used to examine localization in macrophages and other endometrial cell types across the menstrual cycle. Endometrial macrophages express the glucocorticoid receptor. In vitro culture with supernatants from cortisol-treated peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in altered endometrial endothelial cell expression of the angiogenic genes, CXCL2, CXCL8, CTGF, and VEGFC These data highlight the importance of local cortisol in regulating paracrine actions of macrophages in the endometrium. CXCL2 and CXCL8 were detected in endometrial macrophages in situ. The expression of these factors was highest in the endometrium during the menstrual phase, consistent with these factors having a role in endometrial repair. Our data have indicated that activation of macrophages with glucocorticoids might have paracrine effects by increasing angiogenic factor expression by endometrial endothelial cells. This might reflect possible roles for macrophages in endometrial repair of the vascular bed after menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Thiruchelvam
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jacqueline A Maybin
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gregory M Armstrong
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Erin Greaves
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary O D Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
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506
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Arhgap17, a RhoGTPase activating protein, regulates mucosal and epithelial barrier function in the mouse colon. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26923. [PMID: 27229483 PMCID: PMC4882514 DOI: 10.1038/srep26923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by the Rho GTPase family is required for the maintenance of polarity in epithelial cells as well as for their proliferation and migration. A RhoGTPase-activating protein 17 (Arhgap17) is known to be involved in multiple cellular processes in vitro, including the maintenance of tight junctions and vesicle trafficking. However, the function of Arhgap17 has not been studied in the physiological context. Here, we generated Arhgap17-deficient mice and examined the effect in the epithelial and mucosal barriers of the intestine. Reporter staining revealed that Arhgap17 expression is limited to the luminal epithelium of intestine. Arhgap17-deficient mice show an increased paracellular permeability and aberrant localization of the apical junction complex in the luminal epithelium, but do not develop spontaneous colitis. The inner mucus layer is impervious to the enteric bacteria irrespective of Tff3 downregulation in the Arhgap17-deficient mice. Interestingly however, treatment with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) causes an increased accumulation of DSS and TNF production in intraluminal cells and rapid destruction of the inner mucus layer, resulting in increased severity of colitis in mutant mice. Overall, these data reveal that Arhgap17 has a novel function in regulating transcellular transport and maintaining integrity of intestinal barriers.
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507
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Hosoki K, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Brasier AR, Kurosky A, Boldogh I, Sur S. Facilitation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Airway Inflammation by Pollen-Induced Innate Neutrophil Recruitment. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:81-90. [PMID: 26086549 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0044oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment is a hallmark of rapid innate immune responses. Exposure of airways of naive mice to pollens rapidly induces neutrophil recruitment. The innate mechanisms that regulate pollen-induced neutrophil recruitment and the contribution of this neutrophilic response to subsequent induction of allergic sensitization and inflammation need to be elucidated. Here we show that ragweed pollen extract (RWPE) challenge in naive mice induces C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) chemokine synthesis, which stimulates chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2)-dependent recruitment of neutrophils into the airways. Deletion of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) abolishes CXCL chemokine secretion and neutrophil recruitment induced by a single RWPE challenge and inhibits induction of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation after repeated exposures to RWPE. Forced induction of CXCL chemokine secretion and neutrophil recruitment in mice lacking TLR4 also reconstitutes the ability of multiple challenges of RWPE to induce allergic airway inflammation. Blocking RWPE-induced neutrophil recruitment in wild-type mice by administration of a CXCR2 inhibitor inhibits the ability of repeated exposures to RWPE to stimulate allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Administration of neutrophils derived from naive donor mice into the airways of Tlr4 knockout recipient mice after each repeated RWPE challenge reconstitutes allergic sensitization and inflammation in these mice. Together these observations indicate that pollen-induced recruitment of neutrophils is TLR4 and CXCR2 dependent and that recruitment of neutrophils is a critical rate-limiting event that stimulates induction of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Inhibiting pollen-induced recruitment of neutrophils, such as by administration of CXCR2 antagonists, may be a novel strategy to prevent initiation of pollen-induced allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Hosoki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology
| | | | - Allan R Brasier
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology.,3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- 3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology.,3 Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, and
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508
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The Serum Levels of the Soluble Factors sCD40L and CXCL1 Are Not Indicative of Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2857161. [PMID: 27190986 PMCID: PMC4852116 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2857161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign but troublesome gynecological condition, characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Lately, the discovery and validation of noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis is one of the main priorities in the field. As the disease elicits a chronic inflammatory reaction, we focused our interest on two factors well known to be involved in inflammation and neoplastic processes, namely, soluble CD40 Ligand and CXCL1, and asked whether differences in the serum levels of sCD40L and CXCL1 in endometriosis patients versus controls can serve as noninvasive disease markers. A total of n = 60 women were included in the study, 31 endometriosis patients and 29 controls, and the serum levels of sCD40L and CXCL1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of expression of both sCD40L and CXCL1 between patients and controls. This study adds useful clinical data showing that the serum levels of the soluble factors sCD40L and CXCL1 are not associated with endometriosis and are not suitable as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, we found a trend toward lower levels of sCD40L in the deep infiltrating endometriosis subgroup making it a potentially interesting target worth further investigation.
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509
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Gavett SH, Parkinson CU, Willson GA, Wood CE, Jarabek AM, Roberts KC, Kodavanti UP, Dodd DE. Persistent effects of Libby amphibole and amosite asbestos following subchronic inhalation in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:17. [PMID: 27083413 PMCID: PMC4832450 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human exposure to Libby amphibole (LA) asbestos increases risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, and non-malignant respiratory disease. This study evaluated potency and time-course effects of LA and positive control amosite (AM) asbestos fibers in male F344 rats following nose-only inhalation exposure. Methods Rats were exposed to air, LA (0.5, 3.5, or 25.0 mg/m3 targets), or AM (3.5 mg/m3 target) for 10 days and assessed for markers of lung inflammation, injury, and cell proliferation. Short-term results guided concentration levels for a stop-exposure study in which rats were exposed to air, LA (1.0, 3.3, or 10.0 mg/m3), or AM (3.3 mg/m3) 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks, and assessed 1 day, 1, 3, and 18 months post-exposure. Fibers were relatively short; for 10 mg/m3 LA, mean length of all structures was 3.7 μm and 1 % were longer than 20 μm. Results Ten days exposure to 25.0 mg/m3 LA resulted in significantly increased lung inflammation, fibrosis, bronchiolar epithelial cell proliferation and hyperplasia, and inflammatory cytokine gene expression compared to air. Exposure to 3.5 mg/m3 LA resulted in modestly higher markers of acute lung injury and inflammation compared to AM. Following 13 weeks exposure, lung fiber burdens correlated with exposure mass concentrations, declining gradually over 18 months. LA (3.3 and 10.0 mg/m3) and AM produced significantly higher bronchoalveolar lavage markers of inflammation and lung tissue cytokines, Akt, and MAPK/ERK pathway components compared to air control from 1 day to 3 months post-exposure. Histopathology showed alveolar inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in all fiber-exposed groups up to 18 months post-exposure. Positive dose trends for incidence of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolar/alveolar adenoma or carcinoma were observed among LA groups. Conclusions Inhalation of relatively short LA fibers produced inflammatory, fibrogenic, and tumorigenic effects in rats which replicate essential attributes of asbestos-related disease in exposed humans. Fiber burden, inflammation, and activation of growth factor pathways may persist and contribute to lung tumorigenesis long after initial LA exposure. Fiber burden data are being used to develop a dosimetry model for LA fibers, which may provide insights on mode of action for hazard assessment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0130-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Gavett
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Carl U Parkinson
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Willson
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. (EPL®), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Charles E Wood
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Annie M Jarabek
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Kay C Roberts
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Darol E Dodd
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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510
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Greene CJ, Hu JC, Vance DJ, Rong Y, Mandell L, King-Lyons N, Masso-Welch P, Mantis NJ, Connell TD. Enhancement of humoral immunity by the type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIb is dependent upon IL-6 and neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:361-9. [PMID: 27059843 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0415-153rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LT-IIb, a type II heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli, is a potent intradermal adjuvant that enhances immune responses to coadministered antigens. Although the immune mechanisms that promote this augmented immune response have not been well defined, prior intradermal immunization experiments suggested that early cellular and immunomodulatory events at the site of immunization modulated the augmentation of antigen-specific immune responses by LT-IIb. To investigate that hypothesis, mice were intradermally immunized with a recombinant ricin vaccine, a prospective toxin subunit antigen, in the presence and absence of LT-IIb. Analysis of tissue-fluid collection, coupled with histologic sections from the site of intradermal immunization, revealed that a single dose of LT-IIb induced local production of interleukin 6 and promoted a regional infiltration of neutrophils. The adjuvant effects of LT-IIb were abrogated in interleukin 6-deficient mice and when mice were depleted of neutrophils by pretreatment with anti-Ly6G. Overall, these data firmly demonstrated that LT-IIb, when used as an intradermal adjuvant, recruits neutrophils and is a potent rapid inducer of interleukin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Greene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John C Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - David J Vance
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and
| | - Yinghui Rong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and
| | - Lorrie Mandell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Natalie King-Lyons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Patricia Masso-Welch
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mantis
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York
| | - Terry D Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;
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511
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Ting H, Deep G, Kumar S, Jain AK, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Beneficial effects of the naturally occurring flavonoid silibinin on the prostate cancer microenvironment: role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and immune cell recruitment. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:589-599. [PMID: 27207648 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in prostate carcinogenesis and offers novel opportunities to prevent and treat prostate cancer (PCA). Here, we investigated the ability of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to promote PCA progression, and silibinin efficacy to target this response. We collected conditioned media from CAFs treated with vehicle or silibinin, and labeled as control conditioned media (CCM) or silibinin-treatment conditioned media (SBCM), respectively. Next, we characterized the effect of CCM and SBCM treatment in several PCA cell lines (RWPE-1, WPE-1 NA-22, WPE-1 NB-14 and PC3). Result showed that compared with SBCM, CCM significantly reduces E-cadherin expression and increases invasiveness and clonogenicity in PCA cells. Further molecular studies identified monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) as the key component of CCM that promotes PCA invasiveness, whereas silibinin treatment strongly reduced MCP-1 expression in CAFs by inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of MCP-1 transcriptional regulators-nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1. In vivo, silibinin feeding (200mg/kg body weight) strongly reduced TRAMPC1 allografts growth (by 68%) in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice. TRAMPC1 tumor analysis showed that silibinin reduced MCP-1 and CAFs' biomarkers (fibroblast activation protein, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 2, vimentin etc.) and significantly modulated the recruitment of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Similar inhibitory effects of silibinin on MCP-1 and immune cells recruitment were also observed in TRAMP PCA tissues with reported silibinin efficacy. Overall, our data suggest that silibinin can target CAF-mediated invasiveness in PCA by inhibiting MCP-1 secretion. This, in turn, was associated with a reduction in immune cell recruitment in vivo along with a marked reduction in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Ting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd, V20-2118, Box C238, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Anil K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd, V20-2118, Box C238, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd, V20-2118, Box C238, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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512
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Monocytes promote liver carcinogenesis in an oncogene-specific manner. J Hepatol 2016; 64:881-90. [PMID: 26639397 PMCID: PMC4799762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The leukocyte composition of tumors is heterogeneous, as is the involvement of each leukocyte subset in promoting or restraining tumorigenesis. This heterogeneity reflects the tissue of origin, tumor stage, and the functional state of leukocyte activation, but its biological roots remain poorly understood. Since tumorigenesis is driven by various genetic events, we assessed the role of driver genes in shaping the profiles and the roles of leukocytes in tumorigenesis. METHODS Mouse liver tumors were induced by hepatic overexpression of either MYC or the combination of myristoylated AKT and NRAS(V12) oncogenes via hydrodynamic transfection. A comparative, flow cytometry- and histology-based immunophenotyping of liver-infiltrating leukocytes was performed at various stages of liver tumorigenesis. The roles of the most abundant leukocyte subsets in tumorigenesis were addressed by immunodepletion. The contribution of liver injury was assessed by comparing the injury-inducing hydrodynamic transfection model to a model in which MYC is an inducible transgene. RESULTS Myristoylated AKT and NRAS(V12) promoted a marked recruitment of CD11b(+)Ly6G(hi)Ly6C(int) neutrophils and CD11b(+)Ly6G(-)Ly6C(hi) monocytes to the liver, but their immunodepletion did not alter tumorigenesis. In contrast, despite minimal invasion by monocytes/neutrophils during MYC-driven tumorigenesis, immunodepletion of these cells reduced MYC tumor burden and extended survival. MYC-driven tumor initiation was augmented specifically by Ly6C+ monocytes and their ability to promote liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that leukocyte profiles do not necessarily predict their involvement in tumorigenesis, the functional role of leukocytes can be shaped by oncogenes, and that monocyte-dependent tissue injury selectively cooperates with MYC during tumorigenesis.
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513
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Hagenlocher Y, Hösel A, Bischoff SC, Lorentz A. Cinnamon extract reduces symptoms, inflammatory mediators and mast cell markers in murine IL-10−/− colitis. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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514
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Sue M, Higashi N, Shida H, Kogane Y, Nishimura Y, Adachi H, Kolaczkowska E, Kepka M, Nakajima M, Irimura T. An iminosugar-based heparanase inhibitor heparastatin (SF4) suppresses infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into inflamed dorsal air pouches. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:15-21. [PMID: 27015605 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Local infiltration of inflammatory cells is regulated by a number of biological steps during which the cells likely penetrate through subendothelial basement membranes that contain heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In the present study, we examined whether administration of heparastatin (SF4), an iminosugar-based inhibitor of heparanase, could suppress local inflammation and degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in basement membranes. In a carrageenan- or formyl peptide-induced dorsal air pouch inflammation model, the number of infiltrated neutrophils and monocytes was significantly lower in mice after topical administration of heparastatin (SF4). The concentration of chemokines MIP-2 and KC in pouch exudates of drug-treated mice was similar to control. In a zymosan-induced peritonitis model, the number of infiltrated cells was not altered in drug-treated mice. To further test how heparastatin (SF4) influences transmigration of inflammatory neutrophils, its suppressive effect on migration and matrix degradation was examined in vitro. In the presence of heparastatin (SF4), the number of neutrophils that infiltrated across a Matrigel-coated polycarbonate membrane was significantly lower, while the number of neutrophils passing through an uncoated membrane was not altered. Lysate of bone marrow-derived neutrophils released sulfate-radiolabeled macromolecules from basement membrane-like extracellular matrix, which was suppressed by heparastatin (SF4). Heparan sulfate degradation activity was almost completely abolished after incubation of lysate with protein G-conjugated anti-heparanase monoclonal antibody, strongly suggesting that the activity was due to heparanase-mediated degradation. Taken together, in a dorsal air pouch inflammation model heparastatin (SF4) potentially suppresses extravasation of inflammatory cells by impairing the degradation of basement membrane heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Sue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Shida
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kogane
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nishimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Kamiosaki 3-14-23, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Kamiosaki 3-14-23, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kepka
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6019, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan.
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515
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Palomino DCT, Marti LC. Chemokines and immunity. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2016; 13:469-73. [PMID: 26466066 PMCID: PMC4943798 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015rb3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small cytokines and generally have low molecular weight ranging from 7 to 15kDa. Chemokines and their receptors are able to control the migration and residence of all immune cells. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory, and their release can be induced during an immune response at a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling of cells migration during tissue development or maintenance. The physiologic importance of this family of mediators is resulting from their specificity − members of the chemokine family induce recruitment of well-defined leukocyte subsets. There are two major chemokine sub-families based upon cysteine residues position: CXC and CC. As a general rule, members of the CXC chemokines are chemotactic for neutrophils, and CC chemokines are chemotactic for monocytes and sub-set of lymphocytes, although there are some exceptions. This review discusses the potential role of chemokines in inflammation focusing on the two best-characterized chemokines: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a CC chemokine, and interleukin-8, a member of the CXC chemokine sub-family.
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516
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Matsui T, Yoshida Y. Reduction of the expression and production of adhesion molecules and chemokines by brain endothelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-17 in hypothermia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences; Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine; Ube Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Research and Development Department; ACEL; Sagamihara Japan
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517
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Kinbara M, Bando K, Shiraishi D, Kuroishi T, Nagai Y, Ohtsu H, Takano-Yamamoto T, Sugawara S, Endo Y. Mast cell histamine-mediated transient inflammation following exposure to nickel promotes nickel allergy in mice. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:466-71. [PMID: 26910392 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that allergic responses to nickel (Ni) were minimal in mice deficient in the histamine-forming enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC-KO), suggesting an involvement of histamine in allergic responses to Ni. However, it remains unclear how histamine is involved in the process of Ni allergy. Here, we examined the role of histamine in Ni allergy using a murine model previously established by us. Mice were sensitized to Ni by intraperitoneal injection of a NiCl2 -lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mixture. Ten days later, allergic inflammation was elicited by challenging ear-pinnas intradermally with NiCl2 . Then, ear-swelling was measured. Pyrilamine (histamine H1-receptor antagonist) or cromoglicate (mast cell stabilizer) was intravenously injected 1 h before the sensitization or the challenge. In cell-transfer experiments, spleen cells from Ni-sensitized donor mice were intravenously transferred into non-sensitized recipient mice. In both sensitized and non-sensitized mice, 1 mm or more NiCl2 (injected into ear-pinnas) induced transient non-allergic inflammation (Ni-TI) with accompanying mast cell degranulation. LPS did not affect the magnitude of this Ni-TI. Pyrilamine and cromoglicate reduced either the Ni-TI or the ensuing allergic inflammation when administered before Ni-TI (at either the sensitization or elicitation step), but not if administered when the Ni-TI had subsided. Experiments on HDC-KO and H1-receptor-KO mice, and also cell-transfer experiments using these mice, demonstrated histamine's involvement in both the sensitization and elicitation steps. These results suggest that mast cell histamine-mediated Ni-TI promotes subsequent allergic inflammatory responses to Ni, raising the possibility that control of Ni-TI by drugs may be effective at preventing or reducing Ni allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kinbara
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kanan Bando
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiraishi
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Kuroishi
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagai
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Department of Applied Quantum Medical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunji Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuo Endo
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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518
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Cellular Barriers after Extravasation: Leukocyte Interactions with Polarized Epithelia in the Inflamed Tissue. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7650260. [PMID: 26941485 PMCID: PMC4749818 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7650260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. Apicobasal polarity is critical to the specialized functions of these epithelia. Indeed, a common feature of epithelial dysfunction is the loss of polarity. Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells.
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519
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Seminal Plasma Promotes Lesion Development in a Xenograft Model of Endometriosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:1409-22. [PMID: 25907757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The factors that predispose one-tenth of reproductive-aged women to endometriosis are poorly understood. We determined that genetic deficiency in transforming growth factor β1 impairs endometriosis-like lesion growth in mice. Given that seminal plasma is an abundant source of transforming growth factor β, we evaluated the effect of exposure to seminal plasma on the growth of endometrial lesions. Human endometrial explants were exposed to seminal plasma or to control medium before transfer to Prkdc(scid)-mutant (severe combined immunodeficient) mice. Xenografts exposed to seminal plasma showed an eightfold increase in volume and a 4.3-fold increase in weight after 14 days. These increases were associated with increased proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells and enhanced survival and proliferation of human stromal cells compared with those in control lesions, in which human stromal cell persistence was negligible. Although the distribution of macrophages was altered, their number and activation status did not change in response to seminal plasma. Seminal plasma stimulated the production of a variety of cytokines in endometrial tissue, including growth-regulated oncogene, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1β. These data suggest that seminal plasma enhances the formation of endometriosis-like lesion via a direct effect on endometrial cell survival and proliferation, rather than via macrophage-mediated mechanisms. These findings raise the possibility that endometrial exposure to seminal plasma could contribute to endometriotic disease progression in women.
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520
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Krystel-Whittemore M, Dileepan KN, Wood JG. Mast Cell: A Multi-Functional Master Cell. Front Immunol 2016; 6:620. [PMID: 26779180 PMCID: PMC4701915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the myeloid lineage and are present in connective tissues throughout the body. The activation and degranulation of mast cells significantly modulates many aspects of physiological and pathological conditions in various settings. With respect to normal physiological functions, mast cells are known to regulate vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and venom detoxification. On the other hand, mast cells have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including allergy, asthma, anaphylaxis, gastrointestinal disorders, many types of malignancies, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of mast cells in many pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Krystel-Whittemore
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Kottarappat N Dileepan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - John G Wood
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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521
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Bian F, Pelegrino FSA, Henriksson JT, Pflugfelder SC, Volpe EA, Li DQ, de Paiva CS. Differential Effects of Dexamethasone and Doxycycline on Inflammation and MMP Production in Murine Alkali-Burned Corneas Associated with Dry Eye. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:242-54. [PMID: 26772899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkali burns to the cornea are among the most devastating injuries to the eye. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) or doxycycline (Doxy) on protease activity and corneal complications in a combined model (CM) of alkali burn and dry eye. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the CM for 2 or 5 days (D). Mice were topically treated either with Dex (0.1%), Dox (0.025%) or vehicle QID and observed daily for appearance of corneal perforation. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to measure expression of inflammation cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in whole cornea lysates. No perforations were observed in the Dex-treated corneas. All wounds in Doxy-treated corneas were closed 2D post-injury, and they had significantly lower corneal opacity scores at days 4 and 5 post-injury compared to BSS treatment. Dex-treated corneas had the lowest corneal opacity scores. Dex treatment significantly decreased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MMPs -1, -9, -13, and TIMP-1 after 2 days but increased levels of MMP-8, while Doxy treatment significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, and -9, compared to vehicle. Decreased MMP-1, -9 and -13 immunoreactivity and gelatinolytic activity were seen in corneas treated with Doxy and Dex compared to vehicle. Increased neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase activity was noted in the vehicle group compared to Dex 2 days post-injury. These findings demonstrate that early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy is very efficacious in preserving corneal clarity and facilitating wound healing, while modulating MMP production and suppressing neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bian
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Flavia S A Pelegrino
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna Tukler Henriksson
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eugene A Volpe
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - De-Quan Li
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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522
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Johnzon CF, Rönnberg E, Pejler G. The Role of Mast Cells in Bacterial Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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523
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Stephan A, Fabri M. The NET, the trap and the pathogen: neutrophil extracellular traps in cutaneous immunity. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:161-6. [PMID: 25421224 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), large chromatin structures casted with various proteins, are externalized by neutrophils upon induction by both self- and non-self-stimuli. It has become clear that NETs are potent triggers of inflammation in autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, the ability of NETs to trap pathogens suggests a crucial role in innate host defense. However, the outcome of the encounter between pathogens and NETs remains highly controversial. Here, we discuss recent insights into the morphology and formation of NETs, their role in skin inflammation and how NETs might contribute to host protection in skin infection.
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524
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Matsui TC, Coura GM, Melo IS, Batista CR, Augusto PSA, Godin AM, Araújo DP, César IC, Ribeiro LS, Souza DG, Klein A, de Fátima Â, Machado RR, Coelho MM. Nicorandil inhibits neutrophil recruitment in carrageenan-induced experimental pleurisy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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525
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The Rexinoids LG100268 and LG101506 Inhibit Inflammation and Suppress Lung Carcinogenesis in A/J Mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 9:105-14. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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526
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Neirinckx V, Agirman G, Coste C, Marquet A, Dion V, Rogister B, Franzen R, Wislet S. Adult bone marrow mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells are chemoattractive and accelerate motor recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:211. [PMID: 26530515 PMCID: PMC4632651 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cells from adult tissues were considered for a long time as promising tools for regenerative therapy of neurological diseases, including spinal cord injuries (SCI). Indeed, mesenchymal (MSCs) and neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) together constitute the bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) that were used as therapeutic options in various models of experimental SCI. However, as clinical approaches remained disappointing, we thought that reducing BMSC heterogeneity should be a potential way to improve treatment efficiency and reproducibility. Methods We investigated the impact of pure populations of MSCs and NCSCs isolated from adult bone marrow in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. We then analyzed the secretome of both MSCs and NCSCs, and its effect on macrophage migration in vitro. Results We first observed that both cell types induced motor recovery in mice, and modified the inflammatory reaction in the lesion site. We also demonstrated that NCSCs but especially MSCs were able to secrete chemokines and attract macrophages in vitro. Finally, it appears that MSC injection in the spinal cord enhance early inflammatory events in the blood and spinal cord of SCI mice. Conclusions Altogether, our results suggest that both cell types have beneficial effects in experimental SCI, and that further investigation should be dedicated to the regulation of the inflammatory reaction following SCI, in the context of stem cell-based therapy but also in the early-phase clinical management of SCI patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0202-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Neirinckx
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gulistan Agirman
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Coste
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alice Marquet
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Valérie Dion
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium. .,GIGA, Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Neurology Department, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Rachelle Franzen
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Wislet
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Neurosciences Research Center, Unit of Nervous system disorders and treatment, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie 2, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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527
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Dudeck J, Ghouse S, Lehmann C, Hoppe A, Schubert N, Nedospasov S, Dudziak D, Dudeck A. Mast-Cell-Derived TNF Amplifies CD8+ Dendritic Cell Functionality and CD8+ T Cell Priming. Cell Rep 2015; 13:399-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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528
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Rukke H, Engen S, Schenck K, Petersen F. Capsule expression inStreptococcus mitismodulates interaction with oral keratinocytes and alters susceptibility to human antimicrobial peptides. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:302-13. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.V. Rukke
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Norway
| | - S.A. Engen
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Norway
| | - K. Schenck
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Norway
| | - F.C. Petersen
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Oslo; Norway
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529
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Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in dendritic cells regulates neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory foci following Leishmania infantum infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4604-16. [PMID: 26371124 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00975-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This infection triggers dendritic cell (DC) activation through the recognition of microbial products by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Among the TLRs, TLR9 is required for DC activation by different Leishmania species. We demonstrated that TLR9 is upregulated in vitro and in vivo during infection. We show that C57BL/6 mice deficient in TLR9 expression (TLR9(-/-) mice) are more susceptible to infection and display higher parasite numbers in the spleen and liver. The increased susceptibility of TLR9(-/-) mice was due to the impaired recruitment of neutrophils to the infection foci associated with reduced levels of neutrophil chemoattractants released by DCs in the target organs. Moreover, both Th1 and Th17 cells were also committed in TLR9(-/-) mice. TLR9-dependent neutrophil recruitment is mediated via the MyD88 signaling pathway but is TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon beta (TRIF) independent. Furthermore, L. infantum failed to activate both plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs from TLR9(-/-) mice, which presented reduced surface costimulatory molecule expression and chemokine release. Interestingly, neutrophil chemotaxis was affected both in vitro and in vivo when DCs were derived from TLR9(-/-) mice. Our results suggest that TLR9 plays a critical role in neutrophil recruitment during the protective response against L. infantum infection that could be associated with DC activation.
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530
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Bian F, Pelegrino FSA, Pflugfelder SC, Volpe EA, Li DQ, de Paiva CS. Desiccating Stress-Induced MMP Production and Activity Worsens Wound Healing in Alkali-Burned Corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015. [PMID: 26225631 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of dry eye on ocular surface protease activity and sight threatening corneal complications following ocular surface chemical injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to unilateral alkali burn (AB) with or without concomitant dry eye for 2 or 5 days. Mice were observed daily for appearance of corneal perforation. Whole corneas were harvested and lysed for RNA extraction. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure expression of inflammation cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, gelatinase activity, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated in corneal lysates. Presence of infiltrating neutrophils was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS Eyes subjected to the combined model of AB and dry eye (CM) had 20% sterile corneal perforation rate as soon as 1 day after the initial injury, which increased to 35% by 5 days, delayed wound closure and increased corneal opacity. Increased levels of IL-1β, -6, and MMPs-1, -3, -8, -9, and -13, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CSCL1) transcripts were found after 2 days in CM compared with AB corneas. Increased MMP-1, -3, -9, and -13 immunoreactivity and gelatinolytic activity were seen in CM corneas compared with AB. Increased neutrophil infiltration and MPO activity was noted in the CM group compared with AB 2 days post injury. CONCLUSIONS Desiccating stress worsens outcome of ocular AB, creating a cytokine and protease storm with greater neutrophil infiltration, increasing the risk of corneal perforation.
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531
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Kim ND, Luster AD. The role of tissue resident cells in neutrophil recruitment. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:547-55. [PMID: 26297103 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are first responders of the immune system, rapidly migrating into affected tissues in response to injury or infection. To effectively call in this first line of defense, strategically placed cells within the vasculature and tissue respond to noxious stimuli by sending out coordinated signals that recruit neutrophils. Regulation of organ-specific neutrophil entry occurs at two levels. First, the vasculature supplying the organ provides cues for neutrophil egress out of the bloodstream in a manner dependent upon its unique cellular composition and architectural features. Second, resident immune cells and stromal cells within the organ send coordinated signals that guide neutrophils to their final destination. Here, we review recent findings that highlight the importance of these tissue-specific responses in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment and the initiation and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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532
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Li H, Wu B, Geng J, Zhou J, Zheng R, Chai J, Li F, Peng J, Jiang S. Integrated analysis of miRNA/mRNA network in placenta identifies key factors associated with labor onset of Large White and Qingping sows. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13074. [PMID: 26272496 PMCID: PMC4536519 DOI: 10.1038/srep13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Labour onset is a very complex physiological process, and its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we obtained the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from the placentas of four groups of sows: Qingping sows 112 days after insemination with signs of labour onset (QS), Qingping sows 114 days after insemination with signs of labour onset (QL), Large White sows 114 days after insemination with signs of labour onset (LL) and Large White sows 112 days after insemination without signs of labour onset (LN). A set of differentially expressed genes, including 2164 mRNAs and 39 miRNAs, were found. A DAVID analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed their critical roles in response to hormone stimulus, immune response. Cytoscape Network analysis of the functional genes found node mRNAs and that the regulatory network between the node mRNAs and miRNAs was established. A comparison of the sequencing data from the shorter gestation period (QS) and the normal gestation period (QL) indicated that these genes were responsible for the quicker and more sensitive reaction to the regulation of labour onset. This research not only detected the key factors that were involved in labour onset but also provided useful information for the research of gynaecological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenge Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- 1] Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China [2] The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China [2] The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China People's Republic of China
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533
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Examining the safety of respiratory and intravenous inoculation of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12899. [PMID: 26250699 PMCID: PMC4528228 DOI: 10.1038/srep12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bdellovibrio spp. and Micavibrio spp. are Gram-negative predators that feed on other Gram-negative bacteria, making predatory bacteria potential alternatives to antibiotics for treating multi-drug resistant infections. While the ability of predatory bacteria to control bacterial infections in vitro is well documented, the in vivo effect of predators on a living host has yet to be extensively examined. In this study, respiratory and intravenous inoculations were used to determine the effects of predatory bacteria in mice. We found no reduction in mouse viability after intranasal or intravenous inoculation of B. bacteriovorus 109J, HD100 or M. aeruginosavorus. Introducing predators into the respiratory tract of mice provoked a modest inflammatory response at 1 hour post-exposure, but was not sustained at 24 hours, as measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Intravenous injection caused an increase of IL-6 in the kidney and spleen, TNF in the liver and CXCL-1/KC in the blood at 3 hours post-exposure, returning to baseline levels by 18 hours. Histological analysis of tissues showed no pathological changes due to predatory bacteria. Furthermore, qPCR detected predators were cleared from the host quickly and efficiently. This work addresses some of the safety concerns regarding the potential use of predatory bacteria as a live antibiotic.
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534
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Activation of neuroimmune pathways increases therapeutic effects of radiotherapy on poorly differentiated breast carcinoma. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:174-85. [PMID: 25736062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies document the importance of neuronal dysfunction in cancer development and metastasis. We reported previously that both depletion of neuropeptides in capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings and vagotomy increases metastasis of triple negative breast carcinoma. Of the sensory neuropeptides, Substance P (SP) is distributed widely for regulation of immune functions. We therefore examined the affects of continuous exposure to low doses of SP on brain metastatic cells of the mouse breast carcinoma (4TBM) in the presence of radiotherapy (RT) thought to increase antigenicity of cancer cells. 4TBM cells have a cancer stem cell phenotype and induce extensive visceral metastasis after orthotopic inoculation into the mammary pad. Results demonstrated that SP treatment decreases the number of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells as well as the TNF-α response to LPS challenge. SP also increased CD4+Cd25(bright) cells in draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing animals and IFN-γ secretion from leukocyte culture prepared from lymph nodes and spleens of tumor-bearing animals. SP also prevented tumor-induced degeneration of sensory nerve endings and altered release of angiogenic factors from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor explants. In accordance with these observed immunological effects, combination treatment of continuous SP with a single dose of RT induced complete tumor regression and significantly reduced or prevented metastasis in 50% of the animals while suppressing primary tumor growth and metastasis in the remaining mice. These original findings demonstrate that SP through neuroimmune modulation can prevent formation of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, enhance cytotoxic immunity in the presence of RT and prevent metastatic growth.
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535
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Opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans elicits a temporal response in primary human mast cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12287. [PMID: 26192381 PMCID: PMC4507480 DOI: 10.1038/srep12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressed patients are frequently afflicted with severe mycoses caused by opportunistic fungal pathogens. Besides being a commensal, colonizing predominantly skin and mucosal surfaces, Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen. Mast cells are present in tissues prone to fungal colonization being expectedly among the first immune cells to get into contact with C. albicans. However, mast cell-fungus interaction remains a neglected area of study. Here we show that human mast cells mounted specific responses towards C. albicans. Collectively, mast cell responses included the launch of initial, intermediate and late phase components determined by the secretion of granular proteins and cytokines. Initially mast cells reduced fungal viability and occasionally internalized yeasts. C. albicans could evade ingestion by intracellular growth leading to cellular death. Furthermore, secreted factors in the supernatants of infected cells recruited neutrophils, but not monocytes. Late stages were marked by the release of cytokines that are known to be anti-inflammatory suggesting a modulation of initial responses. C. albicans-infected mast cells formed extracellular DNA traps, which ensnared but did not kill the fungus. Our results suggest that mast cells serve as tissue sentinels modulating antifungal immune responses during C. albicans infection. Consequently, these findings open new doors for understanding fungal pathogenicity.
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536
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Malik IA, Stange I, Martius G, Cameron S, Rave-Fränk M, Hess CF, Ellenrieder V, Wolff HA. Role of PECAM-1 in radiation-induced liver inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2441-52. [PMID: 26177067 PMCID: PMC4594685 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) is known to play an important role in hepatic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the role of PECAM-1 in wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO)-mice after single-dose liver irradiation (25 Gy). Both, at mRNA and protein level, a time-dependent decrease in hepatic PECAM-1, corresponding to an increase in intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (6 hrs) was detected in WT-mice after irradiation. Immunohistologically, an increased number of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) (but not of mononuclear phagocytes) was observed in the liver of WT and PECAM-1-KO mice at 6 hrs after irradiation. The number of recruited NG was higher and prolonged until 24 hrs in KO compared to WT-mice. Correspondingly, a significant induction of hepatic tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CXC-chemokines (KC/CXCL1 interleukin-8/CXCL8) was detected together with an elevation of serum liver transaminases (6–24 hrs) in WT and KO-mice. Likewise, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) was observed in both animal groups after irradiation. The level of all investigated proteins as well as of the liver transaminases was significantly higher in KO than WT-mice. In the cell-line U937, irradiation led to a reduction in PECAM-1 in parallel to an increased ICAM-1 expression. TNF-α-blockage by anti-TNF-α prevented this change in both proteins in cell culture. Radiation-induced stress conditions induce a transient accumulation of granulocytes within the liver by down-regulation/absence of PECAM-1. It suggests that reduction/lack in PECAM-1 may lead to greater and prolonged inflammation which can be prevented by anti-TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihtzaz Ahmed Malik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ina Stange
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gesa Martius
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Silke Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Margret Rave-Fränk
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Friedrich Hess
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Andreas Wolff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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537
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IL-17C is required for lethal inflammation during systemic fungal infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:474-83. [PMID: 26166766 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines, IL-17A is known to be critical in the host defense against fungal infections; however, the function of the other IL-17 family members in anti-fungal immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that IL-17C expression was highly induced in kidney epithelial cells after fungal infection. Mice that lacked IL-17C exhibited increased survival and attenuated kidney tissue damage, although they had similar fungal loads. IL-17C deficiency resulted in decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type control mice. Additionally, IL-17C directly acted on renal epithelial cells in vitro to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-17C is a critical factor that potentiates inflammatory responses and causes host injury during fungal infection.
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538
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Nordgren TM, Bauer CD, Heires AJ, Poole JA, Wyatt TA, West WW, Romberger DJ. Maresin-1 reduces airway inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to organic dust. Transl Res 2015; 166:57-69. [PMID: 25655838 PMCID: PMC4458456 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture industry workers are at a higher risk for chronic bronchitis and obstructive pulmonary diseases, and current therapeutics are not entirely effective. We previously found that the specialized proresolving lipid mediator maresin-1 (MaR1) reduced proinflammatory cytokine release and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to extracts of organic dust (DE) derived from swine confinement facilities in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine whether MaR1 is effective at limiting lung inflammation associated with acute and repetitive exposures to DE in an established murine model of inhalant dust exposures. C57Bl/6 mice were treated with MaR1 or vehicle control and intranasally instilled with DE once or daily for 3 weeks. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for total and differential cell counts and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and lung tissues were assessed for histopathology and ICAM-1 expression. In both single and repetitive DE exposure studies, MaR1 significantly decreased bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil infiltration, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 levels without altering repetitive DE-induced bronchioalveolar inflammation or lymphoid aggregate formation. Lung tissue ICAM-1 expression was also reduced in both single and repetitive exposure studies. These data suggest that MaR1 might contribute to an effective strategy to reduce airway inflammatory diseases induced by agricultural-related organic dust environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Nordgren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Christopher D Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service and Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb; Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - William W West
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service and Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb.
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539
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Suppression of cell division-associated genes by Helicobacter pylori attenuates proliferation of RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11046. [PMID: 26078204 PMCID: PMC4468580 DOI: 10.1038/srep11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori at multiplicity of infection (MOI ≥ 50) have been shown to cause apoptosis in RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Because chronic gastric infection by H. pylori results in the persistence of macrophages in the host's gut, it is likely that H. pylori is present at low to moderate, rather than high numbers in the infected host. At present, the effect of low-MOI H. pylori infection on macrophage has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptional regulation of H. pylori-infected RAW264.7 cells at MOI 1, 5 and 10 in the absence of cellular apoptosis. Microarray data revealed up- and down-regulation of 1341 and 1591 genes, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for DNA replication and cell cycle-associated molecules, including Aurora-B kinase (AurkB) were down-regulated. Immunoblot analysis verified the decreased expression of AurkB and downstream phosphorylation of Cdk1 caused by H. pylori infection. Consistently, we observed that H. pylori infection inhibited cell proliferation and progression through the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. In summary, we suggest that H. pylori disrupts expression of cell cycle-associated genes, thereby impeding proliferation of RAW264.7 cells, and such disruption may be an immunoevasive strategy utilized by H. pylori.
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540
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Beyene RT, Kavalukas SL, Barbul A. Intra-abdominal adhesions: Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Curr Probl Surg 2015; 52:271-319. [PMID: 26258583 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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541
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Wezel A, Lagraauw HM, van der Velden D, de Jager SCA, Quax PHA, Kuiper J, Bot I. Mast cells mediate neutrophil recruitment during atherosclerotic plaque progression. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:289-96. [PMID: 26062988 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Activated mast cells have been identified in the intima and perivascular tissue of human atherosclerotic plaques. As mast cells have been described to release a number of chemokines that mediate leukocyte fluxes, we propose that activated mast cells may play a pivotal role in leukocyte recruitment during atherosclerotic plaque progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Systemic IgE-mediated mast cell activation in apoE(-/-)μMT mice resulted in an increase in atherosclerotic lesion size as compared to control mice, and interestingly, the number of neutrophils was highly increased in these lesions. In addition, peritoneal mast cell activation led to a massive neutrophil influx into the peritoneal cavity in C57Bl6 mice, whereas neutrophil numbers in mast cell deficient Kit(W(-sh)/W(-sh)) mice were not affected. Within the newly recruited neutrophil population, increased levels of CXCR2(+) and CXCR4(+) neutrophils were observed after mast cell activation. Indeed, mast cells were seen to contain and release CXCL1 and CXCL12, the ligands for CXCR2 and CXCR4. Intriguingly, peritoneal mast cell activation in combination with anti-CXCR2 receptor antagonist resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment, thus establishing a prominent role for the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in mast cell-mediated neutrophil recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that chemokines, and in particular CXCL1, released from activated mast cells induce neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation, thereby aggravating the ongoing inflammatory response and thus affecting plaque progression and destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Wezel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Maxime Lagraauw
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël van der Velden
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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542
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Wang LD, Rao TN, Rowe RG, Nguyen PT, Sullivan JL, Pearson DS, Doulatov S, Wu L, Lindsley RC, Zhu H, DeAngelo DJ, Daley GQ, Wagers AJ. The role of Lin28b in myeloid and mast cell differentiation and mast cell malignancy. Leukemia 2015; 29:1320-30. [PMID: 25655194 PMCID: PMC4456252 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are critical components of the innate immune system and important for host defense, allergy, autoimmunity, tissue regeneration and tumor progression. Dysregulated MC development leads to systemic mastocytosis (SM), a clinically variable but often devastating family of hematologic disorders. Here we report that induced expression of Lin28, a heterochronic gene and pluripotency factor implicated in driving a fetal hematopoietic program, caused MC accumulation in adult mice in target organs such as the skin and peritoneal cavity. In vitro assays revealed a skewing of myeloid commitment in LIN28B-expressing hematopoietic progenitors, with increased levels of LIN28B in common myeloid and basophil-MC progenitors altering gene expression patterns to favor cell fate choices that enhanced MC specification. In addition, LIN28B-induced MCs appeared phenotypically and functionally immature, and in vitro assays suggested a slowing of MC terminal differentiation in the context of LIN28B upregulation. Finally, interrogation of human MC leukemia samples revealed upregulation of LIN28B in abnormal MCs from patients with SM. This work identifies Lin28 as a novel regulator of innate immune function and a new protein of interest in MC disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Hematopoiesis/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Mast-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Mast Cells/cytology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo D. Wang
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R. Grant Rowe
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phi T. Nguyen
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Sullivan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pearson
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R. Coleman Lindsley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q. Daley
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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543
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Roos AB, Sandén C, Mori M, Bjermer L, Stampfli MR, Erjefält JS. IL-17A Is Elevated in End-Stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Contributes to Cigarette Smoke–induced Lymphoid Neogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1232-41. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1861oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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544
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Schubert N, Dudeck J, Liu P, Karutz A, Speier S, Maurer M, Tuckermann J, Dudeck A. Mast cell promotion of T cell-driven antigen-induced arthritis despite being dispensable for antibody-induced arthritis in which T cells are bypassed. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:903-13. [PMID: 25510234 DOI: 10.1002/art.38996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The function of mast cells (MCs) in autoimmune disorders has been a subject of controversy recently. MC-deficient Kit(W/W-v) mice were found to be resistant to K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis, whereas Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice and a genetic model of MC deficiency independent of the Kit mutation were found to be fully susceptible. This debate might lead to the assumption that MCs are dispensable in autoimmunity in general. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relevance of MCs to arthritis using a genetic model of inducible MC deficiency without compromised Kit signaling. METHODS We compared MC functions in K/BxN serum-induced arthritis and in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in a mouse model of inducible MC deficiency by analyzing joint inflammation, parameters of cartilage degradation and bone erosion, and the autoreactive adaptive immune response. RESULTS We observed a redundant role of MCs in K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, where joint inflammation is triggered by cartilage-bound immune complexes independently of T cells. In contrast, we found MCs to be critically relevant in CIA, which is provoked by two arms of autoimmune attack: autoreactive antibodies and effector T cells. In addition to diminished joint inflammation in the absence of MCs, we found a dramatic loss of T cell expansion upon immunization, accompanied by reduced T cell cytokine responses. CONCLUSION In this analysis of an arthritis model in which the cellular arm of adaptive immunity was not bypassed, we identified MCs as important promoters of T cell-conditioned autoimmune disorders and, consequently, as potential therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis.
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545
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Jaeger A, Bardehle D, Oster M, Günther J, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K, Kemper N. Gene expression profiling of porcine mammary epithelial cells after challenge with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Vet Res 2015; 46:50. [PMID: 25948480 PMCID: PMC4421989 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome (PDS) represents a considerable health problem of postpartum sows, primarily indicated by mastitis and lactation failure. The poorly understood etiology of this multifactorial disease necessitates the use of the porcine mammary epithelial cell (PMEC) model to identify how and to what extent molecular pathogen defense mechanisms prevent bacterial infections at the first cellular barrier of the gland. PMEC were isolated from three lactating sows and challenged with heat-inactivated potential mastitis-causing pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 3 h and 24 h, in vitro. We focused on differential gene expression patterns of PMEC after pathogen challenge in comparison with the untreated control by performing microarray analysis. Our results show that a core innate immune response of PMEC is partly shared by E. coli and S. aureus. But E. coli infection induces much faster and stronger inflammatory response than S. aureus infection. An immediate and strong up-regulation of genes encoding cytokines (IL1A and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, and ITGB3) was explicitly obvious post-challenge with E. coli inducing a rapid recruitment and activation of cells of host defense mediated by IL1B and TNF signaling. In contrast, S. aureus infection rather induces the expression of genes encoding monooxygenases (CYP1A1, CYP3A4, and CYP1B1) initiating processes of detoxification and pathogen elimination. The results indicate that the course of PDS depends on the host recognition of different structural and pathogenic profiles first, which critically determines the extent and effectiveness of cellular immune defense after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jaeger
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Danilo Bardehle
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Juliane Günther
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Livestock Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173, Hannover, Germany.
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546
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Chu Y, Wilson K, Gu H, Wegman-Points L, Dooley SA, Pierce GL, Cheng G, Pena Silva RA, Heistad DD, Hasan D. Myeloperoxidase is increased in human cerebral aneurysms and increases formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms in mice. Stroke 2015; 46:1651-6. [PMID: 25922506 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.008589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral aneurysm (CA) affects 3% of the population and is associated with hemodynamic stress and inflammation. Myeloperoxidase, a major oxidative enzyme associated with inflammation, is increased in patients with CA, but whether myeloperoxidase contributes to CA is not known. We tested the hypotheses that myeloperoxidase is increased within human CA and is critical for formation and rupture of CA in mice. METHODS Blood was drawn from the lumen of CAs and femoral arteries of 25 patients who underwent endovascular coiling of CA, and plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations were measured with ELISA. Effects of endogenous myeloperoxidase on CA formation and rupture were studied in myeloperoxidase knockout mice and wild-type (WT) mice using an angiotensin II-elastase induction model of CA. In addition, effects of myeloperoxidase on inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells were analyzed. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of myeloperoxidase were 2.7-fold higher within CA than in femoral arterial blood in patients with CA. myeloperoxidase-positive cells were increased in aneurysm tissue compared with superficial temporal artery of patients with CA. Incidence of aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage was significantly lower in myeloperoxidase knockout than in WT mice. In cerebral arteries, proinflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 8, cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and matrix metalloproteinase 13, and leukocytes were increased, and α-smooth muscle actin was decreased, in WT but not in myeloperoxidase knockout mice after induction of CA. Myeloperoxidase per se increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that myeloperoxidase may contribute importantly to formation and rupture of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Katina Wilson
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - He Gu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Lauren Wegman-Points
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Sarah A Dooley
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Gary L Pierce
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Ricardo A Pena Silva
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - Donald D Heistad
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.)
| | - David Hasan
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.C., K.W., H.G., S.A.D., D.H.), Internal Medicine (Y.C., K.W., D.D.H.), Anesthesiology (H.G.), and Health and Human Physiology (L.W.-P., G.L.P.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham (G.C.); and Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia (R.A.P.S.).
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547
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Atkinson SM, Nansen A, Usher PA, Sondergaard BC, Mackay CR, Friedrichsen B, Chang CC, Tang R, Skov S, Haase C, Hornum L. Treatment with anti-C5aR mAb leads to early-onset clinical and mechanistic effects in the murine delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis model. Autoimmunity 2015; 48:460-70. [PMID: 25915570 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1031888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the complement cascade at the C5a/C5a receptor (C5aR)-axis is believed to be an attractive treatment avenue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effects of such interventions during the early phases of arthritis remain to be clarified. In this study we use the murine delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis (DTHA) model to study the very early effects of a blocking, non-depleting anti-C5aR mAb on joint inflammation with treatment synchronised with disease onset, an approach not previously described. The DTHA model is a single-paw inflammatory arthritis model characterised by synchronised and rapid disease onset driven by T-cells, immune complexes and neutrophils. We show that a reduction in paw swelling, bone erosion, cartilage destruction, synovitis and new bone formation is apparent as little as 60 h after administration of a single dose of a blocking, non-depleting anti-mouse C5aR mAb. Importantly, infiltration of neutrophils into the joint and synovium is also reduced following a single dose, demonstrating that C5aR signalling during the early stage of arthritis regulates neutrophil infiltration and activation. Furthermore, the number of T-cells in circulation and in the draining popliteal lymph node is also reduced following a single dose of anti-C5aR, suggesting that modulation of the C5a/C5aR axis results in effects on the T cell compartment in inflammatory arthritis. In summary, these data demonstrate that blockade of C5aR leads to rapid and significant effects on arthritic disease development in a DTHA model strengthening the rationale of C5aR-blockade as a treatment strategy for RA, especially during the early stages of arthritis flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Atkinson
- a Department of Immunopharmacology , Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit , Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev , Denmark .,b Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Experimental Animal Models , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Anneline Nansen
- a Department of Immunopharmacology , Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit , Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev , Denmark
| | - Pernille A Usher
- c Department of Histology , Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit , Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev , Denmark
| | | | - Charles R Mackay
- d School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Birgitte Friedrichsen
- e Department of Mammalian Cell Technology , Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit , Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev , Denmark , and
| | - Chih-Chuan Chang
- f Department of Cell Biology , Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing , China
| | - Renhong Tang
- f Department of Cell Biology , Novo Nordisk A/S, Beijing , China
| | - Søren Skov
- b Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Experimental Animal Models , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Claus Haase
- a Department of Immunopharmacology , Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit , Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev , Denmark
| | - Lars Hornum
- a Department of Immunopharmacology , Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit , Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev , Denmark
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548
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Kwon Y, Kim Y, Eom S, Kim M, Park D, Kim H, Noh K, Lee H, Lee YS, Choe J, Kim YM, Jeoung D. MicroRNA-26a/-26b-COX-2-MIP-2 Loop Regulates Allergic Inflammation and Allergic Inflammation-promoted Enhanced Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential of Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14245-66. [PMID: 25907560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) knock-out mouse experiments showed that COX-2 was necessary for in vivo allergic inflammation, such as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, passive systemic anaphylaxis, and triphasic cutaneous allergic reaction. TargetScan analysis predicted COX-2 as a target of miR-26a and miR-26b. miR-26a/-26b decreased luciferase activity associated with COX-2-3'-UTR. miR-26a/-26b exerted negative effects on the features of in vitro and in vivo allergic inflammation by targeting COX-2. ChIP assays showed the binding of HDAC3 and SNAIL, but not COX-2, to the promoter sequences of miR-26a and miR-26b. Cytokine array analysis showed that the induction of chemokines, such as MIP-2, in the mouse passive systemic anaphylaxis model occurred in a COX-2-dependent manner. ChIP assays showed the binding of HDAC3 and COX-2 to the promoter sequences of MIP-2. In vitro and in vivo allergic inflammation was accompanied by the increased expression of MIP-2. miR-26a/-26b negatively regulated the expression of MIP-2. Allergic inflammation enhanced the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells and induced positive feedback involving cancer cells and stromal cells, such as mast cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. miR-26a mimic and miR-26b mimic negatively regulated the positive feedback between cancer cells and stromal cells and the positive feedback among stromal cells. miR-26a/-26b negatively regulated the enhanced tumorigenic potential by allergic inflammation. COX-2 was necessary for the enhanced metastatic potential of cancer cells by allergic inflammation. Taken together, our results indicate that the miR26a/-26b-COX-2-MIP-2 loop regulates allergic inflammation and the feedback relationship between allergic inflammation and the enhanced tumorigenic and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Misun Kim
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | | | - Hyuna Kim
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | | | - Hansoo Lee
- Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, and
| | - Yun Sil Lee
- the College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jongseon Choe
- the Graduate School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea, and
| | - Young Myeong Kim
- the Graduate School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea, and
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549
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Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in ceramide synthase 6 knockout mice is associated with enhanced activation/migration of neutrophils. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:825-36. [PMID: 25833068 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are mediators of inflammatory processes. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we observed that CerS6 mRNA expression was upregulated 15-fold in peripheral blood leukocytes before the onset of EAE symptoms. In peripheral blood leukocytes from MS patients, a 3.9-fold upregulation was found. Total genetic deletion of CerS6 and the selective deletion of CerS6 in peripheral blood leucocytes exacerbated the progression of clinical symptoms in EAE mice. This was associated with enhanced leukocyte, predominantly neutrophil infiltration and enhanced demyelination in the lumbar spinal cord of EAE mice. Interferon-gamma/tumor necrosis factor alpha (IFN-γ/TNF-α) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) both drive EAE development and induce expression of the integrin CD11b and the chemokine receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), and we found they also induce CerS6 expression. In vivo, the genetic deletion of CerS6 enhanced the activation/migration of neutrophils, as reflected by an enhanced upregulation of CD11b and CXCR2. In vitro, the genetic deletion of CerS6 enhanced the activation status of IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated neutrophils, as shown by increased expression of nitric oxide and CD11b and an increased adhesion capacity. In G-CSF-stimulated neutrophils, the migration status was enhanced, as reflected by an elevated level of CXCR2 and an increased migration capacity. These data suggest that CerS6/C16-Cer mediates feedback regulation by inhibiting the formation of CD11b and CXCR2, which are induced either by IFN-γ/TNF-α or by G-CSF, respectively. We conclude that CerS6/C16-Cer mediates anti-inflammatory effects during the development of EAE and MS possibly by suppressing the migration and deactivation of neutrophils.
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550
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Hardaway AL, Herroon MK, Rajagurubandara E, Podgorski I. Marrow adipocyte-derived CXCL1 and CXCL2 contribute to osteolysis in metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:353-68. [PMID: 25802102 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased bone marrow adiposity is a common feature of advanced age, obesity and associated metabolic pathologies. Augmented numbers of marrow adipocytes positively correlate with dysregulated bone remodeling, also a well-established complication of metastatic disease. We have shown previously that marrow adiposity accelerates prostate tumor progression in the skeleton and promotes extensive destruction of the bone; however, the factors behind adipocyte-driven osteolysis in the skeletal tumor microenvironment are not currently known. In this study, utilizing in vivo diet-induced models of bone marrow adiposity, we reveal evidence for positive correlation between increased marrow fat content, bone degradation by ARCaP(M) and PC3 prostate tumors, and augmented levels of host-derived CXCL1 and CXCL2, ligands of CXCR2 receptor. We show by in vitro osteoclastogenesis assays that media conditioned by bone marrow adipocytes is a significant source of CXCL1 and CXCL2 proteins. We also demonstrate that both the adipocyte-conditioned media and the recombinant CXCL1 and CXCL2 ligands efficiently accelerate osteoclast maturation, a process that can be blocked by neutralizing antibodies to each of the chemokines. We further confirm the contribution of CXCR2 signaling axis to adiposity-driven osteoclastogenesis by blocking fat cell-induced osteoclast differentiation with CXCR2 antagonist or neutralizing antibodies. Together, our results link CXCL1 and CXCL2 chemokines with bone marrow adiposity and implicate CXCR2 signaling in promoting effects of marrow fat on progression of skeletal tumors in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimalie L Hardaway
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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