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van den Berg WB, McInnes IB. Th17 cells and IL-17 a--focus on immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014; 43:158-70. [PMID: 24157091 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-17 A has broad pathogenic roles in multiple autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The development of new therapies that inhibit IL-17 pathway signaling is of clinical significance. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarize the current preclinical evidence on the role of Th17 cells and IL-17 and related cytokines in immune-mediated disease pathophysiology, with a focus on psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as to summarize recent clinical trials in these indications with newly developed IL-17 pathway inhibitors. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted of PubMed using relevant keywords. Studies were assessed according to recent relevance to IL-17-mediated pathophysiology and clinical IL-17 inhibition. Experimental animal models of autoimmune disease and clinical studies that focused on IL-17 pathway inhibitors were included. RESULTS Preclinical studies suggest that IL-17A is an attractive therapeutic target. Several IL-17A inhibitors have advanced into clinical trials, including the anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies, secukinumab and ixekizumab, and the anti-17RA monoclonal antibody brodalumab. Each has shown variable and sometimes favorable results in proof-of-concept and phase II clinical trials and is currently undergoing further clinical evaluation in a range of immune-mediated diseases. CONCLUSION Targeting the IL-17 pathway shows promise as strategy to treat immune-mediated diseases ranging from skin to joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim B van den Berg
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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552
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Prakash S, Alam S, Bharadwaj U, Aggarwal A, Mishra RN, Agrawal S. Associations of killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors with rheumatoid arthritis among North Indian population. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:802-7. [PMID: 24912006 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) expressed on surface of natural killer cells and CD28 null T-cells which are present in synovial membrane of RA. The present study has evaluated associations of KIR genes with RA among North Indian population from Uttar Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS KIR genotypes were determined in 100 RA cases and 100 healthy controls using sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) method. RESULTS RA cases positive for KIR3DS1 (OR = 1.17, p-value = 0.0498) and KIR2DS2 (OR = 2.21, p-value = 0.0120) showed risk associations. While, KIR2DL2 (OR = 0.40, p-value = 0.0026), KIR2DL3 (OR = 0.44, p-value = 0.0283) and KIR3DL1 (OR=0.32, p-value = 0.0012) showed protective associations. Increased incidence of BB genotype (45%) was revealed among cases. Risk association was noted against telomeric region (OR = 2.12, p = 0.0120) genes for RA. Pair-wise linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis among RA cases revealed KIR2DS1-2DL1 (D' = 0.83, r(2) = 0.36), KIR3DL1-3DS1 (D' = 1, r(2) = 0.58) and KIR2DL1-2DL2 (D' = 1, r(2)=0.61) to be in significant LD. KIR3DS1 and KIR2DS3 genes showed significant risk associations among RA patients with extra-articular manifestations (OR = 5.14, p-value = 0.0018; OR = 3.79, p-value = 0.0106) and in limited range of motion in affected joints (OR = 14.91, p-value = 0.0001; OR = 2.95, p-value=0.0126). CONCLUSION The KIR activating genes have risk association with RA in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahnawaz Alam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Nath Mishra
- Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraksha Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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553
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Miyauchi S, Umekita K, Hidaka T, Umeki K, Aratake Y, Takahashi N, Sawaguchi A, Nakatake A, Morinaga I, Morishita K, Okayama A. Increased plasma lactoferrin levels in leucocytapheresis therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1966-72. [PMID: 24899661 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of leucocytapheresis (LCAP) in patients with RA. METHODS Protein profiles of blood samples from two patients with RA obtained via LCAP column inlet and outlet lines were analysed by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The lactoferrin (LTF) levels of peripheral and circulating blood samples from seven patients obtained via the LCAP column blood circuit were then determined by ELISA. Peripheral blood samples from 14 patients with RA were exposed to unwoven polyester fibre filters and the LTF level was determined. In addition, morphological changes in neutrophils after exposure to the filter were examined by optical microscopy, electronic microscopy and LTF immunostaining. RESULTS LTF levels were increased in both samples from the LCAP column outlet and peripheral blood at the end of LCAP treatment. Furthermore, peripheral blood samples exposed to the filter revealed a decreased number of neutrophils and an increased level of LTF. Morphological analysis of the exposed neutrophils showed vacuolization of the cytoplasm and degranulation of LTF-positive granules. These data suggest that LTF stored in the granules of neutrophils is released from the neutrophils caught in the LCAP column. CONCLUSION Because LTF has been reported to have multiple anti-inflammatory properties, increased levels of LTF may contribute to the clinical effect of LCAP in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Miyauchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Umekita
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hidaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Umeki
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yatsuki Aratake
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakatake
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Itsuki Morinaga
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okayama
- Department of Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Institute of Rheumatology, Zenjinkai Shimin-No-Mori Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki and Miyazaki University HTLV-1/ATL Research Facility, Miyazaki, Japan.
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554
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Walsh DA, McWilliams DF. Mechanisms, impact and management of pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 10:581-92. [PMID: 24861185 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identify pain as their most important symptom, one that often persists despite optimal control of inflammatory disease. RA pain arises from multiple mechanisms, involving inflammation, peripheral and central pain processing and, with disease progression, structural change within the joint. Consequently, RA pain has a wide range of characteristics-constant or intermittent, localized or widespread-and is often associated with psychological distress and fatigue. Dominant pain mechanisms in an individual are identified by critical evaluation of clinical symptoms and signs, and by laboratory and imaging tests. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for effective management, although evidence from preclinical models should be interpreted with caution. A range of pharmacological analgesic and immunomodulatory agents, psychological interventions and surgery may help manage RA pain. Pain contributes importantly to the clinical assessment of inflammatory disease activity, and noninflammatory components of RA pain should be considered when gauging eligibility for or response to biologic agents. Further randomized controlled trials are required to determine the optimal usage of analgesics in RA, and novel agents with greater efficacy and lower propensity for adverse events are urgently needed. Meanwhile, targeted use of existing treatments could reduce pain in people with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Daniel F McWilliams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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555
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Al-Nahain A, Jahan R, Rahmatullah M. Zingiber officinale: A Potential Plant against Rheumatoid Arthritis. ARTHRITIS 2014; 2014:159089. [PMID: 24982806 PMCID: PMC4058601 DOI: 10.1155/2014/159089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease particularly affecting elderly people which leads to massive bone destruction with consequent inflammation, pain, and debility. Allopathic medicine can provide only symptomatic relief. However, Zingiber officinale is a plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, which has traditionally been used for treatment of RA in alternative medicines of many countries. Many of the phytochemical constituents of the rhizomes of this plant have therapeutic benefits including amelioration of RA. This review attempts to list those phytochemical constituents with their reported mechanisms of action. It is concluded that these phytochemicals can form the basis of discovery of new drugs, which not only can provide symptomatic relief but also may provide total relief from RA by stopping RA-induced bone destruction. As the development of RA is a complex process, further research should be continued towards elucidating the molecular details leading to RA and drugs that can stop or reverse these processes by phytoconstituents of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Nahain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
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556
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Lee SY, Yoon BY, Kim JI, Heo YM, Woo YJ, Park SH, Kim HY, Kim SI, Cho ML. Interleukin-17 increases the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 via the STAT3 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Immunology 2014; 141:353-61. [PMID: 24708416 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of interleukin-17 (IL-17) on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the region downstream of IL-17 for TLR expression. We also investigated the downstream signals responsible for the effect of IL-17 in TLR expression. Levels of IL-17 protein in the serum and synovial fluid of RA and OA patients were measured by ELISA. The IL-17 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial fluid mononuclear cells was measured by RT-PCR. RA and OA FLS were incubated with IL-17 and/or IL-23 for 24 hr. To block the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, FLS were treated with S3I-201 before incubation with IL-17 and IL-23. Synovial tissue samples from RA and OA patients were stained with antibodies to IL-17, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, STAT3 and phospho-STAT3. Levels of IL-17 protein were higher in the serum and synovial fluid from RA patients compared with those from OA patients. The IL-17 mRNA expression in synovial fluid monocytes was also higher in RA than in OA patients. Immunohistochemical staining showed greater expression of IL-17, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in synovial samples from RA compared with OA patients. Interleukin-17 increased the expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in RA FLS; IL-23 augmented the IL-17-induced expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in RA FLS. Blocking STAT3 with S3I-201 reduced IL-17-induced TLR3 expression in RA FLS. Our results suggest that IL-17 is a major cytokine in pathogenesis on RA. The IL-17 influences the innate immune system by increasing the synovial expression of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4. We may control TLR3 expression via the STAT3 pathway in RA FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Centre, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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557
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Zuo J, Xia Y, Li X, Chen JW. Therapeutic effects of dichloromethane fraction of Securidaca inappendiculata on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:352-358. [PMID: 24583103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Securidaca inappendiculata (SI) is a traditional antirheumatic medicine used in China. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of dichloromethane fraction of SI (SID) at three different doses on adjuvant induced arthritis (AA) rats. METHODS Arthritis severity was evaluated by arthritic score, body weight loss, paw circumference, histological changes and hyperplasia of lymphatic tissues. Serum samples were collected for estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), hydroxy radical (OH·), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG), sialic acid (SA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). The levels of GSH, MDA, NAG and SA in liver were also assessed. The levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined using ELISA method. Another portion of blood was used for total and differential leucocyte counts. RESULTS Administration with SID (at high dose with 100 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the AA severity, suggested by the modulatory effects on body weight loss, paw swelling, hyperplasia of lymphatic tissues and synovial membrane, neutrocytosis and lymphocytosis. It also decreased levels of NO, MDA and OH·, restored SOD and GSH levels in serum. The abnormal increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, NAG and SA significantly were reverted (compared with AA rats, P<0.01). A similar result was observed in livers. Levels of IL-1, TNF-α, MCP-1 and VEGF were reduced dramatically by SID too. CONCLUSION The results suggest SID possesses substantial anti-arthritic activity. The therapeutic efficacy may be due to immumodepressive effects, cytokines regulation, increasing membrane stability and antioxidantive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian-wei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Nanjing, China
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558
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Criado G, Risco A, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Pérez-Lorenzo MJ, Escós A, Cuenda A. Alternative p38 MAPKs Are Essential for Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1208-17. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Criado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria and Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Risco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | | | - María J. Pérez-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria and Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Ana Cuenda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC; Madrid Spain
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559
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Korean red ginseng saponin fraction rich in ginsenoside-Rb1, Rc and Rb2 attenuates the severity of mouse collagen-induced arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:748964. [PMID: 24833816 PMCID: PMC4009181 DOI: 10.1155/2014/748964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a multitude of reports on anti-inflammatory properties of ginseng extracts or individual ginsenosides, data on antiarthritic effect of ginseng saponin preparation with mixed ginsenosides is limited. On the other hand, a combined therapy of safe and inexpensive plant-derived natural products such as ginsenosides can be considered as an alternative to treat arthritis. Our previous in vitro data displayed a strong anti-inflammatory action of red ginseng saponin fraction-A (RGSF-A). We, herein, report a marked antiarthritic property of RGSF-A rich in ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, and Rb2. Collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice were treated with RGSF-A or methotrexate (MTX) for 5 weeks. Joint pathology, serum antibody production and leukocye activation, cytokine production in the circulation, lymph nodes, and joints were examined. RGSF-A markedly reduced severity of arthritis, cellular infiltration, and cartilage damage. It suppressed CD3(+)/CD69(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+), CD8(+) T-cell, CD19(+), B220/CD23(+) B-cell, MHCII(+)/CD11c(+), and Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) cell activations. It further suppressed anti-CII- or anti-RF-IgG/IgM, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-6 secretions but stimulated IL-10 levels in the serum, joint, or splenocyte. RGSF-A attenuated arthritis severity, modified leukocyte activations, and restored cytokine imbalances, suggesting that it can be considered as an antiarthritic agent with the capacity to ameliorate the immune and inflammatory responses in CIA mice.
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560
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Sglunda O, Mann HF, Hulejová H, Pecha O, Pleštilová L, RůŽičková O, Fojtíková M, Sléglová O, Forejtová S, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Senolt L. Decrease in serum interleukin-21 levels is associated with disease activity improvement in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Physiol Res 2014; 63:475-81. [PMID: 24702489 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of our study was to assess serum levels of IL-21 in patients with recent-onset RA in relation to disease activity and response to treatment. We analyzed serum levels of IL-21 in 51 RA patients, both before and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment and in 36 healthy individuals. Disease activity was assessed at baseline and at weeks 12 and 24 using the Disease Activity Score for 28 joints, serum levels of C-reactive protein, and the total swollen joint count. We found that IL-21 levels were not increased in patients with recent-onset RA compared with healthy controls, but they had significantly decreased from baseline to week 12 during treatment. Baseline levels of IL-21 significantly correlated with measures of disease activity (p<0.02 for all). Although IL-21 levels did not predict achievement of remission, decrease in IL-21 levels correlated with improvement in disease activity after 12 weeks (p<0.02) and also after 24 weeks (p<0.04) of treatment. Our data suggest that circulating IL-21 levels may serve as a biomarker of disease activity and better outcome in early phase of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sglunda
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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561
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Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mirshafiey A. Th17 Cells in Immunopathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 16:243-53. [PMID: 23981743 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the sequestration of various leukocyte subpopulations within both the developing pannus and synovial space. The chronic nature of this disease results in inflammation of multiple joints, with subsequent destruction of the joint cartilage and erosion of bone. Identification of T helper (Th)17 cells led to breaking the dichotomy of the Th1/Th2 axis in immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as RA, and its experimental model, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Th17 cells produce cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, with pro-inflammatory effects, which appear to have a role in immunopathogenesis of RA. Regarding the wide ranging production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by Th17 cells, it is expected that Th17 cell could be a potent pathogenic factor in disease immunopathophysiology. Thus the identification of effector mechanisms used by Th17 cells in induction of disease lesions may open new prospects for designing a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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562
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Liu X, Xu Y, Chen S, Tan Z, Xiong K, Li Y, Ye Y, Luo ZP, He F, Gong Y. Rescue of proinflammatory cytokine-inhibited chondrogenesis by the antiarthritic effect of melatonin in synovium mesenchymal stem cells via suppression of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:234-46. [PMID: 24374373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage repair by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) often occurs in diseased joints in which the inflamed microenvironment impairs chondrogenic maturation and causes neocartilage degradation. In this environment, melatonin exerts an antioxidant effect by scavenging free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of melatonin on human MSCs in a proinflammatory cytokine-induced arthritic environment. MSCs were induced toward chondrogenesis in the presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) with or without melatonin. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes, and cell viability were then assessed. Deposition of glycosaminoglycans and collagens was also determined by histological analysis. Gene expression of chondrogenic markers and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the involvement of the melatonin receptor and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in chondrogenesis was investigated using pharmacologic inhibitors. The results showed that melatonin significantly reduced ROS accumulation and increased SOD expression. Both IL-1β and TNF-α had an inhibitory effect on the chondrogenesis of MSCs, but melatonin successfully restored the low expression of cartilage matrix and chondrogenic genes. Melatonin prevented cartilage degradation by downregulating MMPs. The addition of luzindole and SOD inhibitors abrogated the protective effect of melatonin associated with increased levels of ROS and MMPs. These results demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines impair the chondrogenesis of MSCs, which was rescued by melatonin treatment. This chondroprotective effect was potentially correlated to decreased ROS, preserved SOD, and suppressed levels of MMPs. Thus, melatonin provides a new strategy for promoting cell-based cartilage regeneration in diseased or injured joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sijin Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zifang Tan
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun Ye
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fan He
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yihong Gong
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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563
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Yates CM, Calder PC, Ed Rainger G. Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:272-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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564
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Sarwa KK, Mazumder B, Rudrapal M, Verma VK. Potential of capsaicin-loaded transfersomes in arthritic rats. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:638-46. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.871601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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565
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Anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on chronic arthritis in rats. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:568-88. [PMID: 24473164 PMCID: PMC3944504 DOI: 10.3390/md12020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of a lipid extract from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) on adjuvant-induced (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. AIA and CIA rats that received hard-shelled mussel lipid extract (HMLE group) at a dose of 100 mg/kg demonstrated significantly lower paw swelling and arthritic index, but higher body weight gain than those which received olive oil (control group). Similar results were found in arthritic rats that received New Zealand green-lipped mussel lipid extract (GMLE) at the same dosage. The levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the serum, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ankle joint synovial fluids of HMLE group rats were significantly lower than those of control group. However, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in HMLE group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. Decreased mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP13, but increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) were observed in the knee joint synovium tissues of HMLE group rats when compared with the control group. No hepatotoxicity was observed in both HMLE and GMLE group rats. The present results indicated that HMLE had a similarly strong anti-inflammatory activity as GMLE. Such a strong efficacy could result from the suppression of inflammatory mediators (LTB4, PGE2, TXB2), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α) and MMPs (MMP1, MMP13), and the promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and TIMPs (TIMP1) productions.
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566
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Simvastatin inhibits cytokines in a dose response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:309-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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567
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Critical role for inflammasome-independent IL-1β production in osteomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1066-71. [PMID: 24395792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318688111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic bone disorders, but the specific inflammatory networks that regulate individual bone disorders remain to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the osteoimmunological underpinnings of osteolytic bone disease in Pstpip2(cmo) mice. These mice carry a homozygous L98P missense mutation in the Pombe Cdc15 homology family phosphatase PSTPIP2 that is responsible for the development of a persistent autoinflammatory disease resembling chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in humans. We found that improper regulation of IL-1β production resulted in secondary induction of inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell infiltration in the bone, and unremitting bone inflammation. Aberrant Il1β expression precedes the development of osteolytic damage in young Pstpip2(cmo) mice, and genetic deletion of Il1r and Il1β, but not Il1α, rescued osteolytic bone disease in mutant mice. Intriguingly, caspase-1 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 activation in the inflammasome complex were dispensable for Pstpip2(cmo)-mediated bone disease. Thus, our findings establish a critical role for inflammasome-independent production of IL-1β in osteolytic bone disease and identify PSTPIP2 as a negative regulator of caspase-1-autonomous IL-1β production.
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568
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Duan J, Dong J, Zhang T, Su Z, Ding J, Zhang Y, Mao X. Polyethyleneimine-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for systemic siRNA delivery in experimental arthritis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:789-801. [PMID: 24392891 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to examine the efficacy of a nanocarrier (polyethyleneimine [PEI]-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle [SPIO]), composed of a core of iron oxide and a shell of PEI, in the systemic delivery of therapeutic siRNA to experimental arthritic joints. MATERIALS & METHODS PEI-SPIO/siRNA nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized in vitro. Nanoparticles were administered intravenously to arthritic rats to analyze cellular uptake, tissue distribution and the therapeutic effect of a siRNA against the IL-2/-15 receptor β chain (IL-2/IL-15Rβ). RESULTS PEI-SPIOs loaded with siRNA displayed negligible cytotoxicity, improved siRNA stability, efficient uptake by macrophages and the ability to induce specific gene silencing in vitro. PEI-SPIO-delivered siRNA accumulated easily in inflamed joints and was efficiently taken up by joint macrophages and T cells. Although IL-2/IL-15Rβ siRNA-loaded PEI-SPIOs alone were efficacious in the treatment of experimental arthritis, combination therapy with both PEI-SPIO/IL-2/IL-15Rβ siRNA and a magnetic field displayed an additive anti-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSION PEI-functionalized SPIOs can be employed for systemic siRNA delivery in rheumatoid arthritis and enhanced therapeutic benefit can be achieved by the use of an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Duan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes & Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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569
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Ozaki Y, Tanaka A, Shimamoto K, Amuro H, Kawakami K, Son Y, Ito T, Wada T, Nomura S. A case of rheumatoid pericarditis associated with a high IL-6 titer in the pericardial fluid and tocilizumab treatment. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-010-0377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ozaki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University,
2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University,
2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimamoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Hideki Amuro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kawakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University,
2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Yonsu Son
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University,
2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
| | - Takahiko Wada
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hirakata Hospital, Kansai Medical University,
2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
| | - Shosaku Nomura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University,
10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan
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570
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Significance of serum levels of angiopoietin-2 and its relationship to Doppler ultrasonographic findings in rheumatoid arthritis patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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571
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Ruff KJ, DeVore DP. Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats following 7-day oral supplementation with a proprietary eggshell membrane-derived product. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/mri.2014.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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572
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Wang L, Wang L, Cong X, Liu G, Zhou J, Bai B, Li Y, Bai W, Li M, Ji H, Zhu D, Wu M, Liu Y. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Safety and Efficacy. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3192-202. [PMID: 23941289 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, 323 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an city, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union of Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuli Cong
- Alliancells Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine of Zhongyuan Union Stem Cell Bioengineering Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Alliancells Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine of Zhongyuan Union Stem Cell Bioengineering Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Cell Therapy Center, 323 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an city, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Cell Therapy Center, 323 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an city, China
| | - Yang Li
- Cell Therapy Center, 323 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an city, China
| | - Wen Bai
- Cell Therapy Center, 323 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an city, China
| | - Ming Li
- Cell Therapy Center, 323 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an city, China
| | - Haijie Ji
- Alliancells Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine of Zhongyuan Union Stem Cell Bioengineering Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Delin Zhu
- Alliancells Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine of Zhongyuan Union Stem Cell Bioengineering Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes in the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Alliancells Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine of Zhongyuan Union Stem Cell Bioengineering Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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573
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Gong D, Chu W, Jiang L, Geng C, Li J, Ishikawa N, Kajima K, Zhong L. Effect of fucoxanthin alone and in combination with D-glucosamine hydrochloride on carrageenan/kaolin-induced experimental arthritis in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 28:1054-63. [PMID: 24338843 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the fucoxanthin (FUCO) alone and in combination with glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) on carrageenan/kaolin-induced inflammatory arthritis model in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Joint swelling, muscle weight ratio (%), histopathological examination and scoring, and proteoglycan degradation were examined. Pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis (TNF-α) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein expression and nitric oxide (NO) level in knee synovial tissue extract were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting analysis, and Griess reagent assay, respectively. FUCO and FUCO + GAH not only may significantly reduce degrees of knee joint swelling and prevent against muscle atrophy, but also may significantly attenuate inflammation in synovial tissue, cartilage erosion, and proteoglycan loss. The efficacies of FUCO + GAH were stronger than that of GAH or FUCO. FUCO alone and FUCO + GAH can significantly inhibit upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS protein expressions, decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and reduce NO production in knee synovial tissue extract. These results indicated that FUCO is an effective anti-arthritis agent through an antiinflammation mechanism. FUCO may enhance therapeutic effect of GAH on rat arthritis through mechanism of antiinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Gong
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, China
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574
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Tsao NW, Shojania K, Marra CA. Cost-effectiveness of abatacept for moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2013; 14:9-18. [PMID: 24325566 DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2014.861742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abatacept, a selective T-cell costimulation modulator, has become a valuable treatment option for those with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. Given new clinical evidence, for the first time guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology and Canadian Rheumatology Association are promoting the consideration of abatacept as the first biologic added to initial traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs once an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug monotherapy has been established, putting abatacept at the same line of treatment options as TNF-α inhibitors or rituximab. Since the advent of the subcutaneous formulation of abatacept, positive results from its clinical trials have further increased its appeal. In light of these changes, a review of the literature was conducted on the cost-effectiveness of abatacept for moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Here we discuss current evidence, gaps in the literature and abatacept's future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole W Tsao
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
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575
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Paula FS, Alves JD. Non-tumor necrosis factor-based biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: present, future, and insights into pathogenesis. Biologics 2013; 8:1-12. [PMID: 24353404 PMCID: PMC3861294 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s35475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The way rheumatoid arthritis is treated has changed dramatically with the introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologics. Nevertheless, many patients still have less than adequate control of their disease activity even with these therapeutic regimens, and current knowledge fails to explain all the data already gathered. There is now a wide range of drugs from different classes of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs available (and soon this number will increase significantly), that provides the opportunity to address each patient as a particular case and thereby optimize medical intervention. Currently available biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis apart from anti-TNF-based therapies are reviewed, along with an analysis of the new insights they provide into the pathogenesis of the disease and a discussion of future prospects in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Seguro Paula
- Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine 4, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine 4, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal ; Center for the Study of Chronic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
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576
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Schmidt EM, Davies M, Mistry P, Green P, Giddins G, Feldmann M, Stoop AA, Brennan FM. Selective blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor I inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane cell cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2262-73. [PMID: 23784528 DOI: 10.1002/art.38055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether selective blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI) affects spontaneous proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in ex vivo-cultured human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane mononuclear cells (MNCs) and to compare this response to that of TNF ligand blockade using etanercept. METHODS A bispecific, single variable-domain antibody (anti-TNFRI moiety plus an albumin binding moiety [TNFRI-AlbudAb]) was used to selectively block TNFRI. Inhibition of TNFα-mediated responses in cell lines expressing TNFRI/II confirmed TNFRI-AlbudAb potency, human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line KYM-1D4 cytotoxicity, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) upregulation. Eighteen RA synovial membrane MNC suspensions were cultured for 2 days or 5 days, either alone or in the presence of TNFRI-AlbudAb, control-AlbudAb, or etanercept. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A mixed-effects statistical analysis model was used to assess the extent of TNFRI selective blockade, where the results were expressed as the percentage change with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS TNFRI-AlbudAb inhibited TNFα-induced KYM-1D4 cell cytotoxicity (50% inhibition concentration [IC50 ] 4 nM) and HUVEC VCAM-1 up-regulation (IC50 12 nM) in a dose-dependent manner. In ex vivo-cultured RA synovial membrane MNCs, selective blockade of TNFRI inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to levels similar to those obtained with TNF ligand blockade, without inducing cellular toxicity. Changes in cytokine levels were as follows: -23.5% (95% CI -12.4, -33.2 [P = 0.004]) for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, -33.4% (95% CI -20.6, -44.2 [P ≤ 0.0001]) for interleukin-10 (IL-10), -17.6% (95% CI 3.2, -34.2 [P = 0.0880]) for IL-1β, and -19.0% (95% CI -3.4, -32.1 [P = 0.0207]) for IL-6. Changes in chemokine levels were as follows: -34.2% (-14.4, -49.4 [P = 0.0030]) for IL-8, -56.6% (-30.7, -72.9 [P = 0.0011]) for RANTES, and -24.9% (2, -44.8 [P = 0.0656]) for monocyte chemotactic protein 1. CONCLUSION In ex vivo-cultured RA synovial membrane MNCs, although a limited role of TNFRII cannot be ruled out, TNFRI signaling was found to be the dominant pathway leading to proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Thus, selective blockade of TNFRI could potentially be therapeutically beneficial over TNF ligand blockade by retaining the beneficial TNFRII signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Schmidt
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, London, UK
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577
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Asano T, Iwasaki N, Kon S, Kanayama M, Morimoto J, Minami A, Uede T. α9β1 integrin acts as a critical intrinsic regulator of human rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:415-24. [PMID: 24241034 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of the joint tissue microenvironment in the pathogenesis of human RA has recently attracted much attention. The present study investigated the roles of α9β1 integrin and its ligands in synovial specimens of human RA patients in generating the unique human arthritic tissue microenvironment. METHODS Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages were isolated from the synovial tissue of patients with RA or OA. The expression of α9β1 integrin was analysed using FACS with multicolour staining. The production of MMPs and proinflammatory cytokines was analysed in cultures of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages with α9β1 integrin ligands. RESULTS Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages derived from arthritic joints spontaneously secreted tenascin-C and osteopontin. Synovial fibroblasts and macrophages obtained from patients with RA expressed α9β1 integrins, a common receptor for osteopontin and tenascin-C. In the synovial fibroblasts of RA, the amount of tenascin-C protein produced was much greater than that of osteopontin in synovial fibroblasts of RA. Importantly, autocrine and paracrine interactions of α9β1 integrin and tenascin-C induced the expression of MMPs and IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β in synovial macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that autocrine and paracrine interaction of α9β1 integrin and tenascin-C in the joint tissue microenvironment contributes to the pathogenesis of RA. Therefore α9β1 integrin may become a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Asano
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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578
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Koch DA, Silva RBM, de Souza AH, Leite CE, Nicoletti NF, Campos MM, Laufer S, Morrone FB. Efficacy and gastrointestinal tolerability of ML3403, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase and CBS-3595, a dual inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase and phosphodiesterase 4 in CFA-induced arthritis in rats. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:425-32. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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579
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Zhang T, Bai X, Mao X. Systemic delivery of small interfering RNA targeting the interleukin-2/15 receptor β chain prevents disease progression in experimental arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78619. [PMID: 24223832 PMCID: PMC3818483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukin (IL)-15 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established; however, systemic knockdown of IL-15 receptor (IL-15R) for reduction in inflammation at local sites has not been demonstrated. In this study, the therapeutic effect of intravenously administered siRNA targeting the β chain of IL-15R which is shared by the receptor for IL-2 was examined in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Polyethylenimine (PEI)-complexed siRNA nanoparticles could easily accumulate in arthritic paws of AA rats. In the paws, the nanoparticles were avidly taken up by macrophages and to a lesser extent by T cells. Weekly administered IL-2/15Rβ siRNA polyplexes were capable of decreasing disease progression in AA rats, with striking inhibition of clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of RA. The observed therapeutic effect was associated with reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators in the inflamed joints. Thus, this study provides evidence that IL-2/15Rβ could be targeted for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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580
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Astry B, Venkatesha SH, Moudgil KD. Temporal cytokine expression and the target organ attributes unravel novel aspects of autoimmune arthritis. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:717-31. [PMID: 24434324 PMCID: PMC3928702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to autoimmunity is determined by multiple factors. Defining the contribution of the quantitative versus qualitative aspects of antigen-directed immune responses as well as the factors influencing target organ susceptibility is vital to advancing the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. In a series of studies, we have addressed these issues using the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lewis rats are susceptible to AA following immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, whereas Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats of the same MHC (major histocompatibility complex) haplotype are resistant. Comparative studies on these and other susceptible/resistant rodent strains have offered interesting insights into differential cytokine responses in the face of comparable T cell proliferative response to the disease relevant antigens. Study of the cytokine kinetics have also permitted validation of the disease-protective versus disease-aggravating effects of specific cytokines by treatment of rats/mice with those cytokines at different phases of the disease. In regard to the target organ attributes, the migration of arthritogenic leukocytes into the joints; the expression of mediators of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue damage; the role of vascular permeability; and the characteristics of vascular endothelial cells have been examined. Further, various inhibitors of angiogenesis are effective in suppressing arthritis. Taken together, the differential cytokine responses and unique attributes of the target organ have revealed novel aspects of disease susceptibility and joint damage in AA. The translation of this basic research in animal models to RA patients would not only advance our understanding of the disease process, but also offer novel avenues for immunomodulation of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Astry
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamal D. Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Reprint requests: Dr Kamal D. Moudgil, Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA e-mail:
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581
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Hou Y, Lin H, Zhu L, Liu Z, Hu F, Shi J, Yang T, Shi X, Zhu M, Godley BF, Wang Q, Li Z, Zhao Y. Lipopolysaccharide Increases the Incidence of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice Through Induction of Protease HTRA-1 Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:2835-46. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | - Linnan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhaoting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Clinical Immunology Center and Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces; Beijing China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Clinical Immunology Center and Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Wu D, Chen J, Zhu H, Xiong XG, Liang QH, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang B, Huang X. UPLC-PDA determination of paeoniflorin in rat plasma following the oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba and its effects on rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:209-217. [PMID: 24348792 PMCID: PMC3861030 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disabling autoimmune disease with characteristics of chronic, progressive inflammatory joint synovial damage, which mainly encroaches upon the synovium of the joint. The use of traditional medicine to treat RA slows the development of RA to a certain extent; however, it often has numerous side-effects. Therefore, the focus of RA research is the identification of a new, safe and effective medicine. The aim of the present study was to use an ultra performance liquid chromatography and photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) method to detect the paeoniflorin component in a Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction and in rat plasma following the oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction. In addition, the effects of paeoniflorin on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats were investigated. The results indicate that a UPLC-PDA method for determining the presence of paeoniflorin in the Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction was successfully established. The method was fast, simple, sensitive, precise and valid. Paeoniflorin was shown to be a bioactive component of the Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction that was absorbed into rat plasma. Paeoniflorin significantly improved the disease resistant ability of RA rats and reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, thereby inhibiting inflammation and bone erosion in the rats with CIA. The observations are likely to lay the foundation for further study of the mechanism of paeoniflorin in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Center of Telemedicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Xiong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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583
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Liu G, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhang R, Ma G, Feng R, Zhang L, Liao M, Miao Y, Chen Z, Zeng R, Li K. Measles contributes to rheumatoid arthritis: evidence from pathway and network analyses of genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75951. [PMID: 24204584 PMCID: PMC3799991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence from epidemiological studies indicates the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and measles. However, the exact mechanism for this association is still unclear now. We consider that the strong association between both diseases may be caused by shared genetic pathways. We performed a pathway analysis of large-scale RA genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset with 5,539 cases and 20,169 controls of European descent. Meanwhile, we evaluated our findings using previously identified RA loci, protein-protein interaction network and previous results from pathway analysis of RA and other autoimmune diseases GWAS. We confirmed four pathways including Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling, T cell receptor signaling and Cell adhesion molecules. Meanwhile, we highlighted for the first time the involvement of Measles and Intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways in RA. Our results may explain the strong association between RA and measles, which may be caused by the shared genetic pathway. We believe that our results will be helpful for future genetic studies in RA pathogenesis and may significantly assist in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyou Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangcai Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingbo Miao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zugen Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (RZ); (KL)
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (RZ); (KL)
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Chalise J, Narendra S, Paudyal B, Magnusson M. Interferon alpha inhibits antigen-specific production of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances antigen-specific transforming growth factor beta production in antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R143. [PMID: 24286140 PMCID: PMC3978460 DOI: 10.1186/ar4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interferon alpha (IFN-α) has a complex role in autoimmunity, in that it may both enhance and prevent inflammation. We have previously shown that the presence of IFN-α at sensitization protects against subsequent antigen-triggered arthritis. To understand this tolerogenic mechanism, we performed a descriptive, hypothesis-generating study of cellular and humoral responses associated with IFN-α-mediated protection against arthritis. Methods Arthritis was evaluated at day 28 in mice given a subcutaneous injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA), together with Freund adjuvant and 0 to 5,000 U IFN-α at days 1 and 7, followed by intraarticular injection of mBSA alone at day 21. The effect of IFN-α on mBSA-specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA, and IgE was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokines in circulation and in ex vivo cultures on mBSA restimulation was evaluated with ELISA and Luminex, and the identity of cytokine-producing cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Results Administration of IFN-α protected mice from arthritis in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on antigen-specific antibody levels. However, IFN-α did inhibit the initial increase of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF, and the recall response induced by intraarticular mBSA challenge of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in serum. IFN-α decreased both macrophage and CD4+ T cell-derived IFN-γ production, whereas IL-17 was decreased only in CD4+ T cells. Ex vivo, in mBSA-restimulated spleen and lymph node cell cultures, the inhibitory effect of in vivo administration of IFN-α on proinflammatory cytokine production was clearly apparent, but had a time limit. An earlier macrophage-derived, and stronger activation of the antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was observed in IFN-α-treated animals, combined with an increase in CD4+ T cells producing TGF-β when arthritis was triggered by mBSA (day 21). Presence of IFN-α at immunizations also prevented the reduction in TGF-β production, which was induced by the intraarticular mBSA injection triggering arthritis in control animals. Conclusions Administration of IFN-α has a profound effect on the cellular response to mBSA plus adjuvant, but does not affect antigen-specific Ig production. By including IFN-α at immunizations, spleen and lymph node cells inhibit their repertoire of antigen-induced proinflammatory cytokines while enhancing antiinflammatory TGF-β production, first in macrophages, and later also in CD4+ T cells. On intraarticular antigen challenge, this antiinflammatory state is reenforced, manifested as inhibition of proinflammatory recall responses and preservation of TGF-β levels. This may explain why IFN-α protects against antigen-induced arthritis.
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585
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Ethanol Extracts of Fresh Davallia formosana (WL1101) Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing RANKL-Induced Nuclear Factor- κ B Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:647189. [PMID: 24191169 PMCID: PMC3804452 DOI: 10.1155/2013/647189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Davallia formosana is commonly used to treat bone disease including bone fracture, arthritis, and osteoporosis in Chinese herbal medicine. Here, we report the effects of WL1101, the ethanol extracts of fresh rhizomes of Davallia formosana on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. In addition, excess activated bone-resorbing osteoclasts play crucial roles in inflammation-induced bone loss diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. In this study, we examined the effects of WL1101 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with WL1101 significantly inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis. Two isolated active compounds, ((−)-epicatechin) or WL14 (4-hydroxy-3-aminobenzoic acid) could also inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. WL1101 suppressed the RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and nuclear translocation, which is the key process during osteoclastogenesis, by inhibiting the activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκBα. In animal model, oral administration of WL1101 (50 or 200 mg/kg/day) effectively decreased the excess bone resorption and significantly antagonized the trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Our results demonstrate that the ethanol extracts of fresh rhizomes of Davallia formosana inhibit osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and effectively ameliorate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. WL1101 may thus have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases associated with excessive osteoclastic activity.
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586
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Abe Y, Kamachi F, Kawamoto T, Makino F, Ito J, Kojima Y, Moustapha AEDH, Usui Y, Yagita H, Takasaki Y, Okumura K, Akiba H. TIM-4 has dual function in the induction and effector phases of murine arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4562-72. [PMID: 24068667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell Ig and mucin domain (TIM)-4 is involved in immune regulation. However, the pathological function of TIM-4 has not been understood and remains to be clarified in various disease models. In this study, DBA/1 mice were treated with anti-TIM-4 mAb during the induction or effector phase of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Anti-TIM-4 treatment in the induction phase exacerbated the development of CIA. In vitro experiments suggest that CD4 T cells bind to TIM-4 on APCs, which induces inhibitory effect to CD4 T cells. In contrast, therapeutic treatment with anti-TIM-4 mAb just before or after the onset or even at later stage of CIA significantly suppressed the development and progression by reducing proinflammatory cytokines in the ankle joints without affecting T or B cell responses. Consistently, clinical arthritis scores of collagen Ab-induced arthritis, which is not mediated by T or B cells, were significantly reduced in anti-TIM-4-treated mice with a concomitant decrease of proinflammatory cytokines in the joints. In vitro, macrophages secreted proinflammatory cytokines in response to TIM-4-Ig protein and LPS, which were reduced by the anti-TIM-4 mAb. The anti-TIM-4 mAb also inhibited the differentiation and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts. These results indicate that TIM-4 has two distinct functions depending on the stage of arthritis. The therapeutic effect of anti-TIM-4 mAb on arthritis is mediated by the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by inflammatory cells, osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption, suggesting that TIM-4 might be an appropriate target for the therapeutic treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Abe
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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587
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Kontny E, Prochorec-Sobieszek M. Articular adipose tissue resident macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis patients: potential contribution to local abnormalities. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:2158-67. [PMID: 24014647 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to characterize macrophages resident in inflamed articular adipose tissue (AAT) and non-inflamed subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) of RA patients and to evaluate the basal and cytokine-triggered secretory activities of these tissues. METHODS Tissues were obtained from patients undergoing knee joint replacement surgery. The number of total CD68(+), CD14(+) and CD163(+) macrophages was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of select factors were measured in supernatants from untreated and cytokine-treated tissue explant cultures using ELISA. IL-1β and TNF were applied as the stimuli. RESULTS Paired samples of AAT and ScAT, obtained from the same patients, contained a similar number of macrophages, displaying an M2-skewed phenotype. Both tissues released equivalent amounts of IL-1β, TNF, IL-10 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). However, AAT secreted more chemokines (CCL2, CCL5), cytokines [IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)], hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and MMP-3 than ScAT. Basal secretion of adipocytokines was not patient specific. Except for HGF and MIF, cytokine treatment up-regulated the release of these factors from both tissues, but also upon stimulation AAT produced more IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1Ra than ScAT. CONCLUSION The secretory activity, reflecting cell activation status but not phenotype or the number of macrophages, discriminates rheumatoid AAT from ScAT. By releasing various factors possessing chemotactic, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and tissue degrading activities, AAT resident macrophages may drive and control local pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kontny
- Department of Pathophysiology, Immunology and Pathomorphology, Institute of Rheumatology, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland.
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588
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Kruh JN, Yang P, Suelves AM, Foster CS. Infliximab for the treatment of refractory noninfectious Uveitis: a study of 88 patients with long-term follow-up. Ophthalmology 2013; 121:358-364. [PMID: 24011995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the safety and efficacy of infliximab for the treatment of refractory noninfectious uveitis. DESIGN Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-eight patients from a single-center private practice. METHODS Patients with chronic, recalcitrant uveitis treated with infliximab (Remicade; Janssen Biotech, Inc., Titusville, NJ) were identified through an electronic medical record database. All charts were reviewed for sex, diagnosis, location of inflammation, presence of vasculitis, prior immunomodulatory treatments, duration of infliximab treatment, dose received, secondary side effects, and other medications continued while receiving treatment with infliximab. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were the rate of remission, time to remission, relapse rate, failure rate, and patient tolerance. Additional analysis aimed to identity risk factors that would predict a higher success rate of infliximab to treat various types of noninfectious uveitis. RESULTS Of the 72 patients (81.8%) who achieved clinical remission while being treated with infliximab, 42 (58.3%) required additional immunomodulatory medications. At 7, 18.1, and 44.7 weeks, 25%, 50%, and 75% of patients, respectively, achieved clinical remission off all corticosteroids. Thirty-two patients (36.4%) experienced at least 1 side effect while on infliximab therapy, and 17 patients (19.3%) discontinued treatment secondary to 1 or more intolerable side effects. The most common adverse effects were skin rash (9.1%) and fatigue (8%). Factors associated with a higher chance to achieve clinical remission were nonidiopathic uveitis (P < 0.001), intermediate or panuveitis (P < 0.001), absence of vasculitis (P < 0.001), and a starting dose ≥5 mg/kg (P < 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Infliximab induces a high rate of complete clinical remission in recalcitrant uveitis and is well tolerated by most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Kruh
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Yang
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ana M Suelves
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - C Stephen Foster
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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589
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Wu K, Lin TH, Liou HC, Lu DH, Chen YR, Fu WM, Yang RS. Dextromethorphan inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2201-14. [PMID: 23400250 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dextromethorphan (DXM), a commonly used antitussive, is a dextrorotatory morphinan. Here, we report that DXM inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by abrogating the activation of NF-κB signalling in vitro. Oral administration of DXM ameliorates ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in vivo. INTRODUCTION DXM was reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory factors. However, the potential role and action mechanism of DXM on osteoclasts and osteoblasts remain unclear. In this study, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to investigate the potential effects of DXM on osteoclastogenesis and OVX-induced bone loss. METHODS Osteoclastogenesis was examined by the TRAP staining, pit resorption, TNF-α release, and CCR2 and CALCR gene expression. Osteoblast differentiation was analyzed by calcium deposition. Osteogenic and adipogenic genes were measured by real-time PCR. Signaling pathways were explored using Western blot. ICR mice were used in an OVX-induced osteoporosis model. Tibiae were measured by µCT and serum markers were examined with ELISA kits. RESULTS DXM inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. DXM mainly inhibited osteoclastogenesis via abrogation of IKK-IκBα-NF-κB pathways. However, a higher dosage of DXM antagonized the differentiation of osteoblasts via the inhibition of osteogenic signals and increase of adipogenic signals. Oral administration of DXM (20 mg/kg/day) partially reduced trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSION DXM inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity by affecting NF-κB signaling. Therefore, DXM at suitable doses may have new therapeutic applications for the treatment of diseases associated with excessive osteoclastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Schmidt BJ, Casey FP, Paterson T, Chan JR. Alternate virtual populations elucidate the type I interferon signature predictive of the response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:221. [PMID: 23841912 PMCID: PMC3717130 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanistic biosimulation can be used in drug development to form testable hypotheses, develop predictions of efficacy before clinical trial results are available, and elucidate clinical response to therapy. However, there is a lack of tools to simultaneously (1) calibrate the prevalence of mechanistically distinct, large sets of virtual patients so their simulated responses statistically match phenotypic variability reported in published clinical trial outcomes, and (2) explore alternate hypotheses of those prevalence weightings to reflect underlying uncertainty in population biology. Here, we report the development of an algorithm, MAPEL (Mechanistic Axes Population Ensemble Linkage), which utilizes a mechanistically-based weighting method to match clinical trial statistics. MAPEL is the first algorithm for developing weighted virtual populations based on biosimulation results that enables the rapid development of an ensemble of alternate virtual population hypotheses, each validated by a composite goodness-of-fit criterion. Results Virtual patient cohort mechanistic biosimulation results were successfully calibrated with an acceptable composite goodness-of-fit to clinical populations across multiple therapeutic interventions. The resulting virtual populations were employed to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of variations in the response to rituximab. A comparison between virtual populations with a strong or weak American College of Rheumatology (ACR) score in response to rituximab suggested that interferon β (IFNβ) was an important mechanistic contributor to the disease state, a signature that has previously been identified though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sensitivity analysis elucidated key anti-inflammatory properties of IFNβ that modulated the pathophysiologic state, consistent with the observed prognostic correlation of baseline type I interferon measurements with clinical response. Specifically, the effects of IFNβ on proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and interleukin-10 synthesis in macrophages each partially counteract reductions in synovial inflammation imparted by rituximab. A multianalyte biomarker panel predictive for virtual population therapeutic responses suggested population dependencies on B cell-dependent mediators as well as additional markers implicating fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Conclusions The results illustrate how the MAPEL algorithm can leverage knowledge of cellular and molecular function through biosimulation to propose clear mechanistic hypotheses for differences in clinical populations. Furthermore, MAPEL facilitates the development of multianalyte biomarkers prognostic of patient responses in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Schmidt
- Entelos Holding Corporation, 2121 South El Camino Real, Suite 600, San Mateo, CA 94403, USA
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591
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Jia T, Pan Y, Li J, Wang L. Strategies for active TNF-α vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Vaccine 2013; 31:4063-8. [PMID: 23845805 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Local overexpression of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α) is critically involved in the inflammatory response and tissue destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, the blockade of TNF-α by passive immunotherapy is indeed efficacious in the treatment of RA, but it still present some disadvantages. Induction of high level of anti-TNF-α neutralizing autoantibodies by TNF-α autovaccine has been developed to avoid these shortcomings. This review is to briefly introduce several vaccination approaches that have been used to induce a B cell response, including coupled TNF-α (entire/peptide) with a carrier protein, modified TNF-α with foreign Th cell epitopes, and engineered DNA vaccine. These methods showed remarkable therapeutic efficiency in experimental animals which indicated that active TNF-α immunization would be a promising and cost-effective new treatment option for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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592
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de Seny D, Cobraiville G, Charlier E, Neuville S, Esser N, Malaise D, Malaise O, Calvo FQ, Relic B, Malaise MG. Acute-phase serum amyloid a in osteoarthritis: regulatory mechanism and proinflammatory properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66769. [PMID: 23776697 PMCID: PMC3680431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if serum amyloid A (A-SAA) could be detected in human osteoarthritic (OA) joints and further clarify if high A-SAA level in joints result from a local production or from a diffusion process from abnormally elevated plasma concentration. Regulatory mechanism of A-SAA expression and its pro-inflammatory properties were also investigated. Methods A-SAA levels in serum and synovial fluid of OA (n = 29) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 27) patients were measured and compared to matched-healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 35). In vitro cell cultures were performed on primary joint cells provided from osteoarthritis patients. Regulatory mechanisms were studied using Western-blotting, ELISA and lentiviral transfections. Results A-SAA was statistically increased in OA plasma patients compared to HV. Moreover, A-SAA level in OA plasma and synovial fluid increased with the Kellgren & Lauwrence grade. For all OA and RA patients, A-SAA plasma level was higher and highly correlated with its corresponding level in the synovial fluid, therefore supporting that A-SAA was mainly due to the passive diffusion process from blood into the joint cavity. However, A-SAA expression was also observed in vitro under corticosteroid treatment and/or under IL-1beta stimuli. A-SAA expression was down-regulated by PPAR-γ agonists (genistein and rosiglitazone) and up-regulated by TGF-β1 through Alk1 (Smad1/5) pathway. RhSAA induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, GRO-α and MCP-1) and metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13) expression in FLS and chondrocytes, which expression was downregulated by TAK242, a specific TLR4 inhibitor. Conclusion Systemic or local A-SAA expression inside OA joint cavity may play a key role in inflammatory process seen in osteoarthritis, which could be counteracted by TLR4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Seny
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, University of Liège, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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593
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O'Shea JJ, Kontzias A, Yamaoka K, Tanaka Y, Laurence A. Janus kinase inhibitors in autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72 Suppl 2:ii111-5. [PMID: 23532440 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological therapies directed at proinflammatory cytokines have irrevocably changed the landscape of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. With the advances in our knowledge in cytokine signalling, the question emerges whether targeting intracellular signalling might also be a safe and efficacious strategy. Janus kinases or Jaks are critical for a large family of cytokines and the first Jak inhibitors has been approved by the FDA. It is therefore timely to consider this new category of drugs and reflect on their potential roles, present and future, in the treatment of RA and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1930, USA.
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594
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Phospholipase D1 has a pivotal role in interleukin-1β-driven chronic autoimmune arthritis through regulation of NF-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and FoxO3a. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2760-72. [PMID: 23689131 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01519-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine playing an important role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the signaling network of IL-1β in synoviocytes from RA patients is still poorly understood. Here, we show for the first time that phospholipase D1 (PLD1), but not PLD2, is selectively upregulated in IL-1β-stimulated synoviocytes, as well as synovium, from RA patients. IL-1β enhanced the binding of NF-κB and ATF-2 to the PLD1 promoter, thereby enhancing PLD1 expression. PLD1 inhibition abolished the IL-1β-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators and angiogenic factors by suppressing the binding of NF-κB or hypoxia-inducible factor 1α to the promoter of its target genes, as well as IL-1β-induced proliferation or migration. However, suppression of PLD1 activity promoted cell cycle arrest via transactivation of FoxO3a. Furthermore, PLD1 inhibitor significantly suppressed joint inflammation and destruction in IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient (IL-1Ra(-/-)) mice, a model of spontaneous arthritis. Taken together, these results suggest that the abnormal upregulation of PLD1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of IL-1β-induced chronic arthritis and that a selective PLD1 inhibitor might provide a potential therapeutic molecule for the treatment of chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorders.
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595
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Mathews RJ, Robinson JI, Battellino M, Wong C, Taylor JC, Eyre S, Churchman SM, Wilson AG, Isaacs JD, Hyrich K, Barton A, Plant D, Savic S, Cook GP, Sarzi-Puttini P, Emery P, Barrett JH, Morgan AW, McDermott MF. Evidence of NLRP3-inflammasome activation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); genetic variants within the NLRP3-inflammasome complex in relation to susceptibility to RA and response to anti-TNF treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:1202-10. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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596
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Hu F, Mu R, Zhu J, Shi L, Li Y, Liu X, Shao W, Li G, Li M, Su Y, Cohen PL, Qiu X, Li Z. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α provoke toll-like receptor signalling-induced inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:928-36. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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597
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Moelants EAV, Mortier A, Van Damme J, Proost P. Regulation of TNF-α with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 91:393-401. [PMID: 23628802 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines represent two important groups of proteins that control the human immune system. Dysregulation of the network in which these immunomodulators function can result in uncontrolled inflammation, leading to various diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by chronic inflammation and bone erosion. Potential triggers of RA include autoantibodies, cytokines and chemokines. The tight regulation of cytokine and chemokine production, and biological activity is important. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is abundantly present in RA patients' serum and the arthritic synovium. This review, therefore, discusses first the role and regulation of the major proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, in particular the regulation of TNF-α production, post-translational processing and signaling of TNF-α and its receptors. Owing to the important role of TNF-α in RA, the TNF-α-producing cells and the dynamics of its expression, the direct and indirect action of this cytokine and possible biological therapy for RA are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A V Moelants
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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598
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Kondo A, Otsuka T, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kuroyanagi G, Mizutani J, Wada I, Kozawa O, Tokuda H. Inhibition of SAPK/JNK leads to enhanced IL-1-induced IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 535:227-33. [PMID: 23624146 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK)(1) which belongs to the MAP kinase superfamily regulates many cellular events. We previously reported that interleukin 1 (IL-1) stimulates the synthesis of interleukin 6 (IL-6) through activation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) negatively regulates the IL-1-induced IL-6 synthesis through IκB/NF-κB pathway. In the present study, we investigated the role of SAPK/JNK in the IL-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in these cells. IL-1 induced the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. SP600125, an inhibitor of SAPK/JNK, increased the release and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 induced by IL-1. IL-1-stimulated IL-6 release was significantly up-regulated in SAPK/JNK-knocked down cells. SP600125 remarkably suppressed the IL-1-induced phosphorylation of both IκB and NF-κB, whereas SP600125 failed to affect the IL-1-induced phosphorylation of AMPK, STAT3 or Src. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, attenuated the IL-1-induced phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK. SP600125 enhanced IL-1-stimulated IL-6 release also in normal human osteoblasts. These results strongly suggest that SAPK/JNK negatively regulates IL-1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis and acts at the point between AMPK and IκB/NF-κB in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kondo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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599
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Endale M, Lee WM, Kwak YS, Kim NM, Kim BK, Kim SH, Cho J, Kim S, Park SC, Yun BS, Ko D, Rhee M. Torilin ameliorates type II collagen-induced arthritis in mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:232-42. [PMID: 23623942 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in rheumatoid-arthritis-(RA) therapies have shown considerable progresses in the comprehension of disease. However, the development of new potential agents with relative safety and efficacy continues and natural compounds have been considered as alternatives to identify new entities. Since previous in-vivo data and our in-vitro findings showed that torilin has a strong anti-inflammatory property, we further investigated its effect against collagen-induced-arthritis-(CIA) in mice. CIA-induced DBA/1J mice were treated with torilin or methotrexate (MTX) for 5-weeks. Arthritis severity was evaluated by arthritic score and joint histopathology. Draining lymph node (dLN), joint and peripheral-blood mononuclear-cell (PBMC) counts, and activation/localization of T-/B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils were examined by FACS analysis. Serum anti-type-II-collagen-(CII) antibody levels and cultured-splenocyte and serum cytokines were also evaluated. Torilin markedly reduced CIA-induced arthritic score, histopathology and leukocyte counts. Besides, torilin suppressed CIA-activated T-cells including CD3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD8+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD25+ in dLNs or joints. It also modified CD19+ or CD20+/CD23+ (B-cells), MHCII+/CD11c+ (DCs) and Gr-1+/CD11b+ (neutrophil) subpopulations. It further depressed total anti-CII-IgG, anti-CII-IgG1 and anti-CII-IgG2a antibody productions. Moreover, while IFN-γ and IL-10 were not affected, torilin suppressed CIA-induced serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Interestingly, torilin also blocked IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-6 cytokines while it did not affect IL-10 but enhanced IL-4 in splenocytes. These results show that torilin attenuated arthritis severity, modified leukocyte activations in dLNs or joints, and restored serum and splenocyte cytokine imbalances. Torilin may have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties with the capacity to ameliorate the inflammatory response in CIA-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehari Endale
- Deparment of Molecular & Cellular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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600
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Steven R, Crilly A, Lockhart JC, Ferrell WR, McInnes IB. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 modulates human macrophage differentiation and effector function. Innate Immun 2013; 19:663-72. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425913479984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) was shown to influence immune regulation; however, its role in human macrophage subset development and function has not been addressed. Here, PAR-2 expression and activation was investigated on granulocyte macrophage (GM)-CSF(M1) and macrophage (M)-CSF(M2) macrophages. In both macrophages, the PAR-2-activating peptide, SLIGKV, increased PAR-2 expression and regulated TNF-α and IL-10 secretion in a manner similar to LPS. In addition, HLA-DR on M1 cells also increased. Monocytes matured to an M1 phenotype in the presence of SLIGKV had reduced cell area, and released less TNF-α after LPS challenge compared with vehicle ( P < 0.05, n = 3). Cells matured to an M2 phenotype with SLIGKV also had a reduced cell area and made significantly more TNF-α after LPS exposure compared to vehicle ( P < 0.05, n = 3) with reduced IL-10 secretion ( P < 0.05, n = 3). Thus, PAR-2 activation on macrophage subsets regulates HLA-DR and PAR-2 surface expression, and drives cytokine production. In contrast, PAR-2 activation during M1 or M2 maturation induces altered cell morphology and skewing of phenotype, as evidenced by cytokine secretion. These data suggest a complex role for PAR-2 in macrophage biology and may have implications for macrophage-driven disease in which proteinase-rich environments can influence the immune process directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Steven
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science, School of
Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Anne Crilly
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science, School of
Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - John C Lockhart
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Science, School of
Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - William R Ferrell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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