551
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Richman J, Martin-Liberal J, Diem S, Larkin J. BRAF and MEK inhibition for the treatment of advanced BRAF mutant melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1285-97. [PMID: 26001180 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1044971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BRAF inhibition alone has achieved unprecedented efficacy results in patients affected by BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma. Since these findings, it was postulated that dual inhibition of BRAF and other components of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK MAPK pathway (such as MEK) would be superior to BRAF inhibition as monotherapy. A series of recent clinical trials have confirmed this hypothesis. AREAS COVERED In this article, the biological rationale for both single and concomitant inhibitions of the MAPK pathway in BRAF mutant melanoma is provided. Moreover, available clinical data on the efficacy and toxicity of BRAF and MEK inhibition as single agents and in combination are extensively reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Dual BRAF and MEK inhibition in advanced BRAF-mutated melanoma is superior to single inhibition in terms of efficacy without significant increase in toxicity. Therefore, BRAF plus MEK inhibition is expected to supersede single-agent BRAF inhibition in these patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Richman
- The Royal Marsden Hospital , Fulham Road SW3 6JJ, London , UK +44 20 7811 8576 ; +44 20 7811 8103 ;
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552
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Dilly AK, Song X, Zeh HJ, Guo ZS, Lee YJ, Bartlett DL, Choudry HA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition reduces mucin 2 production and mucinous tumor growth. Transl Res 2015; 166:344-54. [PMID: 25890193 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of mucin 2 (MUC2) protein (a gel-forming secreted mucin) within the peritoneal cavity is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), a unique mucinous malignancy of the appendix. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is upregulated in PMP and has been shown to modulate MUC2 promoter activity. We hypothesized that targeted inhibition of the MAPK pathway would be a novel, effective, and safe therapeutic strategy to reduce MUC2 production and mucinous tumor growth. We tested RDEA119, a specific MEK1/2 (MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase) inhibitor, in MUC2-secreting LS174T cells, human PMP explant tissue, and in a unique intraperitoneal murine xenograft model of PMP. RDEA119 reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited MUC2 messenger RNA and protein expression in vitro. In the xenograft model, chronic oral therapy with RDEA119 inhibited mucinous tumor growth in an MAPK pathway-dependent manner and this translated into a significant improvement in survival. RDEA119 downregulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and nuclear factor κB p65 protein signaling and reduced activating protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor binding to the MUC2 promoter in LS174T cells. This study provides a preclinical rationale for the use of MEK inhibitors to treat patients with PMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Dilly
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zong S Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
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553
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Romano M, De Francesco F, Gringeri E, Giordano A, Ferraro GA, Di Domenico M, Cillo U. Tumor Microenvironment Versus Cancer Stem Cells in Cholangiocarcinoma: Synergistic Effects? J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:768-76. [PMID: 26357947 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCAs) may be defined as tumors that derived from the biliary tree with the differentiation in the biliary epithelial cells. This tumor is malignant, extremely aggressive with a poor prognosis. It can be treated surgically and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a very important factor in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Besides cancer stem cells (CSCs) can modulate tumor growth, stroma formation, and migratory capability. The initial stage of tumorigenesis is characterized by genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to intrinsic factors which lead to the generation of oncogenes thus inducing tumorigenesis. CSCs may result from precancerous stem cells, cell de-differentiation, normal stem cells, or an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CSCs have been found in the cancer niche, and EMT may occur early within the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies have demonstrated evidence of cholangiocarcinoma stem cells (CD133, CD24, EpCAM, CD44, and others) and the presence of these markers has been associated with malignant potential. The interaction between TME and cholangiocarcinoma stem cells via signaling mediators may create an environment that accommodates tumor growth, yielding resistance to cytotoxic insults (chemotherarapeutic). While progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms, the interactions in the tumorigenic process still remain a major challenge. Our review, addresses recent concepts of TME-CSCs interaction and will emphasize the importance of early detection with the use of novel diagnostic mechanisms such as CCA-CSC biomarkers and the importance of tumor stroma to define new treatments. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 768-776, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Romano
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giuseppe A Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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554
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Williams TE, Subramanian S, Verhagen J, McBride CM, Costales A, Sung L, Antonios-McCrea W, McKenna M, Louie AK, Ramurthy S, Levine B, Shafer CM, Machajewski T, Renhowe PA, Appleton BA, Amiri P, Chou J, Stuart D, Aardalen K, Poon D. Discovery of RAF265: A Potent mut-B-RAF Inhibitor for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:961-5. [PMID: 26396681 DOI: 10.1021/ml500526p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrogation of errant signaling along the MAPK pathway through the inhibition of B-RAF kinase is a validated approach for the treatment of pathway-dependent cancers. We report the development of imidazo-benzimidazoles as potent B-RAF inhibitors. Robust in vivo efficacy coupled with correlating pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) and PD-efficacy relationships led to the identification of RAF265, 1, which has advanced into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Williams
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sharadha Subramanian
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Joelle Verhagen
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Christopher M. McBride
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Abran Costales
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Leonard Sung
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - William Antonios-McCrea
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Maureen McKenna
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Alicia K. Louie
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Savithri Ramurthy
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Barry Levine
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Shafer
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Timothy Machajewski
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Paul A. Renhowe
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Brent A. Appleton
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Payman Amiri
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - James Chou
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Darrin Stuart
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kimberly Aardalen
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Daniel Poon
- Global Discovery Chemistry,
Oncology and Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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555
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Regad T. Targeting RTK Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1758-84. [PMID: 26404379 PMCID: PMC4586793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) that are activated upon ligand binding. In cancer, constitutive and aberrant activations of components of those pathways result in increased proliferation, survival and metastasis. For instance, mutations affecting RTKs, Ras, B-Raf, PI3K and AKT are common in perpetuating the malignancy of several types of cancers and from different tissue origins. Therefore, these signaling pathways became prime targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide an overview about the most frequently encountered mutations, the pathogenesis that results from such mutations and the known therapeutic strategies developed to counteract their aberrant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK.
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556
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Inorganic Phosphate Prevents Erk1/2 and Stat3 Activation and Improves Sensitivity to Doxorubicin of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:15910-28. [PMID: 26340617 PMCID: PMC6332303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its expression profile, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is refractory to the most effective targeted therapies available for breast cancer treatment. Thus, cytotoxic chemotherapy represents the mainstay of treatment for early and metastatic TNBC. Therefore, it would be greatly beneficial to develop therapeutic approaches that cause TNBC cells to increase their sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is emerging as an important signaling molecule in many cell types. Interestingly, it has been shown that Pi greatly enhances the sensitivity of human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) to doxorubicin. We investigated the effects of Pi on the sensitivity of TNBC cells to doxorubicin and the underlying molecular mechanisms, carrying out flow cytometry-based assays of cell-cycle progression and cell death, MTT assays, direct cell number counting and immunoblotting experiments. We report that Pi inhibits the proliferation of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells mainly by slowing down cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we found that Pi strongly increases doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells by apoptosis induction, as revealed by a marked increase of sub-G1 population, Bcl-2 downregulation, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, Pi/doxorubicin combination-induced cytotoxicity was dynamically accompanied by profound changes in Erk1/2 and Stat3 protein and phosphorylation levels. Altogether, our data enforce the evidence of Pi acting as a signaling molecule in MDA-MB-231 cells, capable of inhibiting Erk and Stat3 pathways and inducing sensitization to doxorubicin of TNBC cells, and suggest that targeting Pi levels at local sites might represent the rationale for developing effective and inexpensive strategies for improving triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
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557
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De Luca A, Roma C, Gallo M, Fenizia F, Bergantino F, Frezzetti D, Costantini S, Normanno N. RNA-seq analysis reveals significant effects of EGFR signalling on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10518-28. [PMID: 25344915 PMCID: PMC4279390 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to breast cancer progression by releasing soluble factors that sustain tumor progression. MSCs express functional epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and breast cancer cells secrete EGFR-ligands including transforming growth factor-α (TGFα). Using RNA-sequencing, we analysed the whole transcriptome of MSCs stimulated with TGFα. We identified 1,640 highly differentially regulated genes: 967 genes up-regulated with Fold Induction (FI)≥1.50 and 673 genes down-regulated with FI≤0.50. When highly regulated genes were categorized according to GO molecular function classification and KEGG pathways analysis, a large number of genes coding for potentially secreted proteins or surface receptors resulted enriched following TGFα treatment, including VEGFA, IL6, EREG, HB-EGF, LIF, NGF, NRG1, CCL19, CCL2, CCL25 and CXCL3. Secretion of corresponding proteins was confirmed for selected factors. Finally, we identified 4,377 and 4,262 alternatively spliced genes in untreated and TGFα-treated MSCs, respectively. Among these, an unannotated splice variant of VEGFA coding for a secreted VEGF protein of 172 aminoacids (VEGFA172), was found only in MSCs stimulated with TGFα. These findings suggest that EGFR activation in MSCs leads to a significant change in the expression of a wide array of genes coding for secreted proteins that can significantly enhance tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristin Roma
- Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Fenizia
- Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Francesca Bergantino
- Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy. Centro di Ricerche Oncologiche di Mercogliano (CROM)-Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
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558
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Buckley DL, Raina K, Darricarrere N, Hines J, Gustafson JL, Smith IE, Miah AH, Harling JD, Crews CM. HaloPROTACS: Use of Small Molecule PROTACs to Induce Degradation of HaloTag Fusion Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1831-7. [PMID: 26070106 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule-induced protein degradation is an attractive strategy for the development of chemical probes. One method for inducing targeted protein degradation involves the use of PROTACs, heterobifunctional molecules that can recruit specific E3 ligases to a desired protein of interest. PROTACs have been successfully used to degrade numerous proteins in cells, but the peptidic E3 ligase ligands used in previous PROTACs have hindered their development into more mature chemical probes or therapeutics. We report the design of a novel class of PROTACs that incorporate small molecule VHL ligands to successfully degrade HaloTag7 fusion proteins. These HaloPROTACs will inspire the development of future PROTACs with more drug-like properties. Additionally, these HaloPROTACs are useful chemical genetic tools, due to their ability to chemically knock down widely used HaloTag7 fusion proteins in a general fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian E. Smith
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Afjal H. Miah
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Harling
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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559
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Truncated RAF kinases drive resistance to MET inhibition in MET-addicted cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:221-33. [PMID: 25473895 PMCID: PMC4381590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known oncogenic drivers and provide valuable therapeutic targets in many cancer types. However, clinical efficacy of RTK inhibitors is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. To identify genes conferring resistance to inhibition of the MET RTK, we conducted a forward genetics screen in the GTL-16 gastric cancer cell line, carrying MET amplification and exquisitely sensitive to MET inhibition. Cells were transduced with three different retroviral cDNA expression libraries and selected for growth in the presence of the MET inhibitor PHA-665752. Selected cells displayed robust and reproducible enrichment of library-derived cDNAs encoding truncated forms of RAF1 and BRAF proteins, whose silencing reversed the resistant phenotype. Transduction of naïve GTL-16 cells with truncated, but not full length, RAF1 and BRAF conferred in vitro and in vivo resistance to MET inhibitors, which could be reversed by MEK inhibition. Induction of resistance by truncated RAFs was confirmed in other MET-addicted cell lines, and further extended to EGFR-addicted cells. These data show that truncated RAF1 and BRAF proteins, recently described as products of genomic rearrangements in gastric cancer and other malignancies, have the ability to render neoplastic cells resistant to RTK-targeted therapy.
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560
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Yoshida A, Shimizu A, Asano H, Kadonosono T, Kondoh SK, Geretti E, Mammoto A, Klagsbrun M, Seo MK. VEGF-A/NRP1 stimulates GIPC1 and Syx complex formation to promote RhoA activation and proliferation in skin cancer cells. Biol Open 2015. [PMID: 26209534 PMCID: PMC4582117 DOI: 10.1242/bio.010918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) has been identified as a VEGF-A receptor. DJM-1, a human skin cancer cell line, expresses endogenous VEGF-A and NRP1. In the present study, the RNA interference of VEGF-A or NRP1 suppressed DJM-1 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the overexpression of the NRP1 wild type restored shNRP1-treated DJM-1 cell proliferation, whereas NRP1 cytoplasmic deletion mutants did not. A co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that VEGF-A induced interactions between NRP1 and GIPC1, a scaffold protein, and complex formation between GIPC1 and Syx, a RhoGEF. The knockdown of GIPC1 or Syx reduced active RhoA and DJM-1 cell proliferation without affecting the MAPK or Akt pathway. C3 exoenzyme or Y27632 inhibited the VEGF-A-induced proliferation of DJM-1 cells. Conversely, the overexpression of the constitutively active form of RhoA restored the proliferation of siVEGF-A-treated DJM-1 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of VEGF-A/NRP1 signaling upregulated p27, a CDK inhibitor. A cell-penetrating oligopeptide that targeted GIPC1/Syx complex formation inhibited the VEGF-A-induced activation of RhoA and suppressed DJM-1 cell proliferation. In conclusion, this new signaling pathway of VEGF-A/NRP1 induced cancer cell proliferation by forming a GIPC1/Syx complex that activated RhoA to degrade the p27 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yoshida
- Division of Engineering (Biotechnology), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Asano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- Biofunctional Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka Kondoh
- Biofunctional Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 226-8503, Japan
| | - Elena Geretti
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Klagsbrun
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Pathology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Misuzu Kurokawa Seo
- Division of Engineering (Biotechnology), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
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561
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Khan M, Maryam A, Qazi JI, Ma T. Targeting Apoptosis and Multiple Signaling Pathways with Icariside II in Cancer Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221076 PMCID: PMC4515820 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. Despite concerted efforts to improve the current therapies, the prognosis of cancer remains dismal. Highly selective or specific blocking of only one of the signaling pathways has been associated with limited or sporadic responses. Using targeted agents to inhibit multiple signaling pathways has emerged as a new paradigm for anticancer treatment. Icariside II, a flavonol glycoside, is one of the major components of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herba epimedii and possesses multiple biological and pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, and anticancer activities. Recently, the anticancer activity of Icariside II has been extensively investigated. Here, in this review, our aim is to give our perspective on the current status of Icariside II, and discuss its natural sources, anticancer activity, molecular targets and the mechanisms of action with specific emphasis on apoptosis pathways which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials. Icariside II has been found to induce apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines of different origin by targeting multiple signaling pathways including STAT3, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, COX-2/PGE2 and β-Catenin which are frequently deregulated in cancers, suggesting that this collective activity rather than just a single effect may play an important role in developing Icariside II into a potential lead compound for anticancer therapy. This review suggests that Icariside II provides a novel opportunity for treatment of cancers, but additional investigations and clinical trials are still required to fully understand the mechanism of therapeutic effects to further validate it in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- 1. College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Amara Maryam
- 1. College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Javed Iqbal Qazi
- 2. Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tonghui Ma
- 1. College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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562
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Yiwei T, Hua H, Hui G, Mao M, Xiang L. HOTAIR Interacting with MAPK1 Regulates Ovarian Cancer skov3 Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1856-63. [PMID: 26117268 PMCID: PMC4489685 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of when silencing HOTAIR in ovarian cancer skov3 cells on proliferation, migration, and invasion, and to elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs. Material/Methods We detected the mRNA level of HOTAIR (HOX antisense intergenic RNA) and MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) in ovarian cancer SKOV3, ES-2, OVCAR3, A2780, and COC1 cell lines. We detected the mRNA level of HOTAIR and MAPK1 in ovarian SKOV3 when transected with miR-1, miR-214-3p, or miR-330-5p. We detected the mRNA and protein level of MAPK1 when silencing HOTAIR. We detected the expression of HOTAIR when silencing MAPK1. Then we detected the proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer skov3 after silencing HOTAIR or MAPK1. Results The expression of HOTAIR and MAPK1 in ovarian SKOV3, ES-2, and OVCAR3 increased compared with A2780 and COC1 cells (P<0.05). The mRNA level of HOTAIR and MAPK1 in ovarian SKOV3 decreased when transected with miR-1, miR-214-3p, or miR-330-5p compared to negative control (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein level of MAPK1 was decreased when silencing HOTAIR and the mRNA level of HOTAIR was decreased when silencing MAPK1 (p<0.05). The proliferation, migration, and invasion was inhibited in ovarian SKOV3 after silencing HOTAIR or MAPK1 (p<0.05). Conclusions HOTAIR can promote proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian SKOV3 cells as a competing endogenous RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Yiwei
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huang Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Guo Hui
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Mao
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Long Xiang
- Laboratory of Early Developmental and Injuries, West China Institutes for Woman and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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563
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Wang H, Liu G, Shen D, Ye H, Huang J, Jiao L, Sun Y. HOXA1 enhances the cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1203-10. [PMID: 26135141 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA1, a member of the HOX gene family, has been implicated in tumor progression. However, the role of HOXA1 in prostate cancer is not well-established. In the present study, we found that HOXA1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells. We then repressed the expression of HOXA1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to investigate the function of HOXA1 in prostate cancer cells. Our in vitro data showed that knockdown of HOXA1 attenuated the growth, invasion and migration of prostate cancer DU-145 and PC-3 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of HOXA1 resulted in an increased E-cadherin level and decreased Snail and MMP-3 levels in the DU-145 cells. In addition, knockdown of HOXA1 inhibited activation of ERK1/2 and AKT in the DU-145 cells. Our in vivo data revealed that knockdown of HOXA1 suppressed the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that HOXA1 is involved in the regulation of prostate cancer progression, including cell growth, migration, invasion and metastasis. Thus, downregulation of HOXA1 may be a novel approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of E.N.T., Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhong Liu
- Department of Radiology Imaging, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Huamao Ye
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, The 85th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Li Jiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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564
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Ligumsky H, Rubinek T, Merenbakh-Lamin K, Yeheskel A, Sertchook R, Shahmoon S, Aviel-Ronen S, Wolf I. Tumor Suppressor Activity of Klotho in Breast Cancer Is Revealed by Structure–Function Analysis. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1398-407. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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565
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Kavitha N, Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Oon CE, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. MicroRNAs: biogenesis, roles for carcinogenesis and as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7489-97. [PMID: 25292018 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nucleotides that play important roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, miRNAs control numerous cancer-relevant biological events such as cell proliferation, cell cycle control, metabolism and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the biogenesis of miRNAs, miRNA roles in cancer and their potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis including the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and miRNA dysregulation. Moreover, microRNA molecules are already receiving the attention of world researchers as therapeutic targets and agents. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of microRNAs has the potential not only to identify their roles in cancer, but also to exploit them as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and identify therapeutic targets for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowroji Kavitha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia E-mail :
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566
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Xie H, Xing C, Wei B, Xu X, Wu L, Wu J, Chen L, Cao G, Chen H, Meng X, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Polymorphisms of FGFR1 in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8881-6. [PMID: 26069105 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in China. It is important to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HBV-related HCC and to identify new biomarkers for clinical treatment. The important role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) has been widely recognized in many types of cancers, but the association between FGFR polymorphisms and HCC carcinogenesis has been rarely reported. In this study, 199 patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis, 203 with HBV-associated HCC, and 184 healthy controls with no liver diseases were enrolled as participants. Using SNaPshot assays, five SNPs (rs13317, rs7825208, rs1047057, rs1047111, and rs1966265) of growth factor receptor genes were genotyped. Our results showed that the G/A and G/G genotypes at rs7825208 of FGFR1 were negatively correlated with HBV-related HCC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.93, P = 0.027). However, after Bonferroni correction, these significant differences no longer existed (P > 0.05). Our results indicated that these five polymorphisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor genes do not play any independent roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of HBV-related HCC in Han Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Xing
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bajin Wei
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiming Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Meng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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567
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Turbyville TJ, Holderfield M. Progress in targeting RAF kinases for cancer therapy. Per Med 2015; 12:183-186. [PMID: 29771643 DOI: 10.2217/pme.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Turbyville
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Matthew Holderfield
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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568
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Jaeumganghwa-Tang Induces Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Pathway and Lactobacillus Fermentation Enhances Its Anti-Cancer Activity in HT1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127898. [PMID: 26020238 PMCID: PMC4447448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT, Zi-yin-jiang-huo-tang in Chinese and Jiin-koka-to in Japanese) is an oriental herbal formula that has long been used as a traditional medicine to treat respiratory and kidney diseases. Recent studies revealed that JGT exhibited potent inhibitory effects on allergies, inflammation, pain, convulsions, and prostate hyperplasia. Several constituent herbs in JGT induce apoptotic cancer cell death. However, the anti-cancer activity of JGT has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of JGT using highly tumorigenic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we examined whether the Lactobacillus fermentation of JGT enhanced its anti-cancer activity using an in vivo xenograft model because fermentation of herbal extracts is thought to strengthen their therapeutic effects. Data revealed that JGT suppressed the growth of cancer cells efficiently by stimulating G1 cell cycle arrest and then inducing apoptotic cell death by causing mitochondrial damage and activating caspases. The phosphorylation of p38 and ERK also played a role in JGT-induced cell death. In vitro experiments demonstrated that JGT fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus, designated fJGT162, elicited similar patterns of cell death as did non-fermented JGT. Meanwhile, the daily oral administration of 120 mg/kg fJGT162 to HT1080-bearing BALB/c nude mice suppressed tumor growth dramatically (up to 90%) compared with saline treatment, whereas the administration of non-fermented JGT suppressed tumor growth by ~70%. Collectively, these results suggest that JGT and fJGT162 are safe and useful complementary and alternative anti-cancer herbal therapies, and that Lactobacillus fermentation improves the in vivo anti-cancer efficacy of JGT significantly.
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569
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Vanichapol T, Leelawat K, Hongeng S. Hypoxia enhances cholangiocarcinoma invasion through activation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor and the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3265-3272. [PMID: 26018028 PMCID: PMC4526074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in several cancer types. The present study aimed to examine the contribution of hypoxia (1% O2) to cancer progression in a cholangiocarcinoma cell line, RMCCA-1. The molecular basis of the hypoxic response pathway was investigated. The results showed that hypoxia significantly accelerated cancer cell proliferation and enhanced cell invasion (P<0.05). By using receptor tyrosine kinase and intracellular signaling antibody array kits, an increased phosphorylation/activation of a number of signaling molecules, particularly hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, was identified. Inhibition of Met and ERK by small hairpin RNA and U0126, respectively, significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced the invasive potential of RMCCA-1 cells (P<0.05). However, according to immunohistochemical analysis, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression was not correlated with cancer staging or tumor differentiation in 44 samples of cholangicarcinoma cases. The findings of the present study emphasized the importance of Met/ERK pathway activation as a key molecular event that may be responsible for a more invasive phenotype in hypoxic tumors and suggest Met as a potential target for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinee Vanichapol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kawin Leelawat
- Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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570
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Macarulla T, Cervantes A, Tabernero J, Roselló S, Van Cutsem E, Tejpar S, Prenen H, Martinelli E, Troiani T, Laffranchi B, Jego V, von Richter O, Ciardiello F. Phase I study of FOLFIRI plus pimasertib as second-line treatment for KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1874-81. [PMID: 25989270 PMCID: PMC4580393 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of human cancers, including metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This provides a rationale for the development of MAPK-targeted agents such as pimasertib. Methods: Patients with KRAS mutant mCRC were treated in the second-line setting with FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil/folinic acid/irinotecan) plus pimasertib. The primary objective of the safety run-in phase was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended phase II dose of pimasertib combined with FOLFIRI. Results: Sixteen patients were enrolled in the trial. Ten and six patients were treated daily with 45 and 60 mg of pimasertib plus FOLFIRI, respectively. The MTD was considered to be 45 mg per day. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, asthenia and skin/rash event. Of the 15 patients in the efficacy analysis group, two patients had partial response, nine patients had stable disease, three patients had progressive disease as their best overall response and one patient could not be evaluated. Conclusions: Dose escalation of pimasertib in combination with FOLFIRI was limited by toxicity. At the MTD of 45 mg per day, pimasertib was adequately tolerated in patients with mCRC and no unexpected or new safety signals or concerns were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Macarulla
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, P Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - A Cervantes
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - J Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, P Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - S Roselló
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg and KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - S Tejpar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg and KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - H Prenen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg and KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - E Martinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via S Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - T Troiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via S Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - B Laffranchi
- Merck Serono SA, 9 Chemin des Mines, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - V Jego
- Merck Serono SA, 9 Chemin des Mines, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - O von Richter
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, F131/102, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - F Ciardiello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Second University of Naples, Via S Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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571
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GNA15 expression in small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasia: Functional and signalling pathway analyses. Cell Signal 2015; 27:899-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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572
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Spatola M, Wider C, Kuntzer T, Croquelois A. PTPN11 mutation manifesting as LEOPARD syndrome associated with hypertrophic plexi and neuropathic pain. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:55. [PMID: 25884655 PMCID: PMC4407356 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LEOPARD syndrome (LS) belongs to the family of neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes, which include Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome, Costello Syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair and Legius syndrome. These conditions are caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in the RAS-MAPK cellular pathway. Clinical heterogeneity and phenotype overlaps across those different syndromes is already recognized. Case presentation We hereby report a heterozygous de novo mutation in the PTPN11 gene (c.1403C > T) manifesting with a clinical picture of LS during childhood, and later development of neuropathic pain with hypertrophic plexi, which are typically observed in NF1 but have not been reported in LS. Conclusion LS caused by PTPN11 mutations may be associated with hypertrophic roots and plexi. Consequently, clinicians should be aware of the possible development of neuropathic pain and consider specific diagnostic work-up and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Spatola
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wider
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thierry Kuntzer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Croquelois
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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573
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Seront E, Machiels JP. Molecular biology and targeted therapies for urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:341-53. [PMID: 25828962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) is associated with poor prognosis. In the first-line setting, platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard of care but resistance rapidly occurs. With no validated treatment proven to increase survival after platinum failure, there is an urgent unmet medical need to develop new and efficacious cytotoxic agents. A better understanding of the molecular signaling pathways regulating UC has led to the development of new and innovative therapeutic strategies. Despite this, many recent drugs show only modest activity as single agents, and combining them with standard chemotherapy does not seem to enhance efficacy. Ongoing research is producing, however, a generation of new drugs that are showing promising results in clinical trials. This paper aims to review the most important mechanisms in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and describe the new therapeutic options currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Seront
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital de Jolimont, Rue Ferrer 159, 7100 La Louvière, Belgium; Institut Roi Albert II, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Institut Roi Albert II, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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574
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The MAP kinase-interacting kinases regulate cell migration, vimentin expression and eIF4E/CYFIP1 binding. Biochem J 2015; 467:63-76. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20141066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The MAP kinase-interacting kinases (Mnk1 and Mnk2) are activated by ERK and are best known for phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eIF4E. Genetic knockout of the Mnks impaired the migration of embryonic fibroblasts both in two-dimensional wound-healing experiments and in three-dimensional migration assays. Furthermore, a novel and selective Mnk inhibitor, Mnk-I1, which potently blocks eIF4E phosphorylation, blocked the migration of fibroblasts and cancer cells, without exerting ‘off-target’ effects on other signalling pathways such as Erk. Mnk-I1 or genetic knockout of the Mnks decreased the expression of vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells, without affecting vimentin mRNA levels. Vimentin protein levels were much lower in Mnk1/2-knockout cells than in controls, although mRNA levels were similar. Our data suggest that the Mnks regulate the translation of the vimentin mRNA and the stability of the vimentin protein. Inhibition or genetic knockout of the Mnks increased the binding of eIF4E to the cytoplasmic FMRP-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1), which binds the fragile-X mental retardation protein, FMRP, a translational repressor. Since FMRP binds mRNAs for proteins involved in metastasis, the Mnk-dependent release of CYFIP1 from eIF4E is expected to release the repression of translation of FMRP-bound mRNAs, potentially providing a molecular mechanism for the control of cell migration by the Mnks. As Mnk1/2 are not essential for viability, inhibition of the Mnks may be a useful approach to tackling cancer metastasis, a key process contributing to mortality in cancer patients.
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575
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Assis LVMD, Isoldi MC. Overview of the biochemical and genetic processes in malignant mesothelioma. J Bras Pneumol 2015; 40:429-42. [PMID: 25210967 PMCID: PMC4201175 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive form of cancer, has a long latency period, and is resistant to chemotherapy. It is extremely fatal, with a mean survival of less than one year. The development of MM is strongly correlated with exposure to asbestos and with other factors, such as erionite and simian virus 40 [corrected]. Although various countries have banned the use of asbestos, MM has proven to be difficult to control and there appears to be a trend toward an increase in its incidence in the years to come. In Brazil, MM has not been widely studied from a genetic or biochemical standpoint. In addition, there have been few epidemiological studies of the disease, and the profile of its incidence has yet to be well established in the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the processes of malignant transformation, as well as the respective mechanisms of tumorigenesis, in MM.
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576
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Silva G, Aboussekhra A. p16(INK4A) inhibits the pro-metastatic potentials of osteosarcoma cells through targeting the ERK pathway and TGF-β1. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:525-36. [PMID: 25728247 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a downstream component of the evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase-signaling pathway, which controls the expression of a plethora of genes implicated in various physiological processes. This pathway is often hyper-activated by mutations or abnormal extracellular signaling in different types of human cancer, including the most common primary malignant bone tumor osteosarcomas. p16(INK4A) is an important tumor suppressor gene frequently lost in osteosarcomas, and is associated with the progression of these malignancies. We have shown, here, that the ERK1/2 protein kinase is also activated by p16(INK4A) down-regulation in osteosarcoma cells and normal human as well as mouse cells. This inhibitory effect is associated with the suppression of the upstream kinase MEK1/2, and is mediated via the repression of miR-21-5p and the consequent up-regulation of the MEK/ERK antagonist SPRY2 in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we have shown that p16(INK4) inhibits the migration/invasion abilities of these cells through miR-21-5p-dependent inhibition of ERK1/2. In addition, we present clear evidence that p16(INK4) represses the paracrine pro-migratory effect of osteosarcoma cells on stromal fibroblasts through the inhibition of the TGF-β1 expression/secretion. This effect is also ERK1/2-dependent, indicating that in addition to their cell-autonomous actions, p16(INK4) and ERK1/2 have also non-cell-autonomous cancer-related functions. Together, these results indicate that the tumor suppressor p16(INK4) protein represses the carcinogenic process of osteosarcoma cells not only as a cell cycle regulator, but also as a negative regulator of pro-carcinogenic/-metastatic pathways. This indicates that targeting the ERK pathway is of utmost therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA
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577
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Yau T, Dan X, Ng CCW, Ng TB. Lectins with potential for anti-cancer therapy. Molecules 2015; 20:3791-810. [PMID: 25730388 PMCID: PMC6272365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews lectins of animal and plant origin that induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells and hence possess the potential of being developed into anticancer drugs. Apoptosis-inducing lectins encompass galectins, C-type lectins, annexins, Haliotis discus discus lectin, Polygonatum odoratum lectin, mistletoe lectin, and concanavalin A, fucose-binding Dicentrarchus labrax lectin, and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus lectin, Polygonatum odoratum lectin, and mistletoe lectin, Polygonatum odoratum lectin, autophagy inducing lectins include annexins and Polygonatum odoratum lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Yau
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Charlene Cheuk Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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578
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Panda PK, Mukhopadhyay S, Das DN, Sinha N, Naik PP, Bhutia SK. Mechanism of autophagic regulation in carcinogenesis and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 39:43-55. [PMID: 25724561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy in cancer is an intensely debated concept in the field of translational research. The dual nature of autophagy implies that it can potentially modulate the pro-survival and pro-death mechanisms in tumor initiation and progression. There is a prospective molecular relationship between defective autophagy and tumorigenesis that involves the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and protein aggregates, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ultimately causes DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability. Moreover, autophagy regulates necrosis and is followed by inflammation, which limits tumor metastasis. On the other hand, autophagy provides a survival advantage to detached, dormant metastatic cells through nutrient fueling by tumor-associated stromal cells. Manipulating autophagy for induction of cell death, inhibition of protective autophagy at tissue-and context-dependent for apoptosis modulation has therapeutic implications. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the present state of knowledge regarding autophagy as a new approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Kumar Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Durgesh Nandini Das
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prajna Paramita Naik
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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579
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Johnson MD, Reeder JE, O'Connell M. MKP-3 regulates PDGF-BB effects and MAPK activation in meningioma cells. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:752-7. [PMID: 25698542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autocrine platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and cerebrospinal fluid, which also contains PDGF, stimulate proliferation of leptomeningeal and meningioma cells, in part, by activation of the Raf-1-MEK-1-MAPK pathway. The negative regulators of this activation are not known. However, PDGF receptors and p44/42 MAPK are regulated, in part, by mitogen activated kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) and Src homology carboxyl terminus protein (SHP-2). Six fetal and one adult human leptomeninges specimens and 22 meningiomas were evaluated for MKP-3, SHP-2, and phospho-SHP-2 as well as activation/phosphorylation of MEK1/2, p44/42 MAPK, Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by western blot and MKP3 expression by polymerase chain reaction. PDGF-BB and cerebrospinal fluid effects on these phosphatases and signaling were also studied in vitro. MKP-3 and phospho-p44/42 MAPK were detected in all or six of seven leptomeninges, respectively. MKP-3 was detected in six of eight World Health Organization grade I and II meningiomas. Three of four grade I and five of five grade II with no or low MKP-3 had high levels of phospho-p44/42MAPK. MKP3 was not detected in four of six grade III meningiomas. These had high levels of phospho-p44/42MAPK. SHP2 was found in all leptomeninges and meningiomas while phospho-SHP-2 was found in 11 to 33% of grade I-III meningiomas. Reduced MKP-3 may facilitate PDGF-BB autocrine and paracrine mitogenic effects in a subpopulation of higher grade meningiomas by increasing phospho-p44/42 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlon D Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 626, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
| | - Jay E Reeder
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mary O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 626, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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580
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Liu W, Ning R, Chen RN, Huang XF, Dai QS, Hu JH, Wang YW, Wu LL, Xiong J, Hu G, Guo QL, Yang J, Wang H. Aspafilioside B induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by up-regulating H-Ras and N-Ras via ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:440-57. [PMID: 25683703 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We recently establish that aspafilioside B, a steroidal saponin extracted from Asparagus filicinus, is an active cytotoxic component. However, its antitumor activity is till unknown. In this study, the anticancer effect of aspafilioside B against HCC cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Our results showed that aspafilioside B inhibited the growth and proliferation of HCC cell lines. Further study revealed that aspafilioside B could significantly induce G2 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accompanying the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but blocking ROS generation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) could not prevent G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, treatment with aspafilioside B induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase. Moreover, both ERK inhibitor PD98059 and p38 inhibitor SB203580 almost abolished the G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis induced by aspafilioside B, and reversed the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins. We also found that aspafilioside B treatment increased both Ras and Raf activation, and transfection of cells with H-Ras and N-Ras shRNA almost attenuated aspafilioside B-induced G2 phase arrest and apoptosis as well as the ERK and p38 activation. Finally, in vivo, aspafilioside B suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenograft models, and the mechanism was the same as in vitro study. Collectively, these findings indicated that aspafilioside B may up-regulate H-Ras and N-Ras, causing c-Raf phosphorylation, and lead to ERK and p38 activation, which consequently induced the G2 phase arrest and apoptosis. This study provides the evidence that aspafilioside B is a promising therapeutic agent against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Ni Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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581
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Bai L, Mao R, Wang J, Ding L, Jiang S, Gao C, Kang H, Chen X, Sun X, Xu J. ERK1/2 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells and regulated the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins. Med Oncol 2015; 32:57. [PMID: 25647783 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors targeted MAPK have been wildly used for some cancer therapeutics as a biologically viable model, but no one has been used for cervical caner. ERK1/2, one of MAPK kinases, is expressed high in cervical cancer tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells and appraise the correlated mechanism of the effects. In this study, the cell proliferation of Hela and C33A cervical cancer cells was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and cell counting after treated with ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. The cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). The protein levels of ERK1/2 and c-Fos and c-Jun were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that after down-regulating ERK1/2 proteins with the inhibitor U0126, Hela and C33A cells proliferation was inhibited, cell apoptosis was promoted, the proportions of G0/G1 stage in cell cycle increased, and G2/M stages decreased. After down-regulating ERK1/2 proteins of Hela and C33A cells, the expression levels of p-c-Fos protein decreased, while p-c-Jun protein increased. The results of this study indicated that ERK1/2 may promote the development of cervical cancer cells, suggesting ERK1/2 inhibitor may be used as an effective target for cervical cancer therapies working for. It might inhibit cervical cancer cells growth via regulating the transcription factors expression of c-Fos and c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China,
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582
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Lv C, Qin W, Zhu T, Wei S, Hong K, Zhu W, Chen R, Huang C. Ophiobolin O isolated from Aspergillus ustus induces G1 arrest of MCF-7 cells through interaction with AKT/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:431-43. [PMID: 25603341 PMCID: PMC4306945 DOI: 10.3390/md13010431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiobolin O is a member of ophiobolin family, which has been proved to be a potent anti-tumor drug candidate for human breast cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect and the mechanism of ophiobolin O remain unclear. In this study, we further verified ophiobolin O-induced G1 phase arrest in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and found that ophiobolin O reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT and GSK3β, and induced down-regulation of cyclin D1. The inverse docking (INVDOCK) analysis indicated that ophiobolin O could bind to GSK3β, and GSK3β knockdown abolished cyclin D1 degradation and G1 phase arrest. Pre-treatment with phosphatase inhibitor sodium or thovanadate halted dephosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β, and blocked ophiobolin O-induced G1 phase arrest. These data suggest that ophiobolin O may induce G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells through interaction with AKT/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling. In vivo, ophiobolin O suppressed tumor growth and showed little toxicity in mouse xenograft models. Overall, these findings provide theoretical basis for the therapeutic use of ophiobolin O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wenxing Qin
- Teaching Management Department, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Tonghan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shanjian Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ruohua Chen
- VIP Medicine Department, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Caiguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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583
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Shehzad A, Islam SU, Lee J, Lee YS. Prostaglandin E2 reverses curcumin-induced inhibition of survival signal pathways in human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-15) cell lines. Mol Cells 2014; 37:899-906. [PMID: 25431425 PMCID: PMC4275707 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes tumor-persistent inflammation, frequently resulting in cancer. Curcumin is a diphenolic turmeric that inhibits carcinogenesis and induces apoptosis. PGE2 inhibits curcumin-induced apoptosis; however, the underlying inhibitory mechanisms in colon cancer cells remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the survival role of PGE2 and whether addition of exogenous PGE2 affects curcumin-induced cell death. HCT-15 cells were treated with curcumin and PGE2, and protein expression levels were investigated via Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were confirmed using specific dyes. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) DNA-binding was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). PGE2 inhibited curcumin-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and degradation of PARP and lamin B. However, exposure of cells to the EP2 receptor antagonist, AH6809, and the PKA inhibitor, H89, before treatment with PGE2 or curcumin abolished the protective effect of PGE2 and enhanced curcumin-induced cell death. PGE2 activates PKA, which is required for cAMP-mediated transcriptional activation of CREB. PGE2 also activated the Ras/Raf/Erk pathway, and pretreatment with PD98059 abolished the protective effect of PGE2. Furthermore, curcumin treatment greatly reduced phosphorylation of CREB, followed by a concomitant reduction of NF-κB (p50 and p65) subunit activation. PGE2 markedly activated nuclear translocation of NF-κB. EMSA confirmed the DNA-binding activities of NF-κB subunits. These results suggest that inhibition of curcumin-induced apoptosis by PGE2 through activation of PKA, Ras, and NF-κB signaling pathways may provide a molecular basis for the reversal of curcumin-induced colon carcinoma cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | | | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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584
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ju S, Guo L. Orexin A upregulates the protein expression of OX1R and enhances the proliferation of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells through the ERK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:539-45. [PMID: 25515760 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins are hypothalamic peptides that regulate food intake, wakefulness, the reward system and energy metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of orexins to promote a robust apoptosis and subsequent inhibition of cell growth in various types of cancer cells. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of orexin A on the survival of human gastric cancer cells, SGC‑7901, and the possible mechanisms. SGC‑7901 cells were exposed to various concentrations of orexin A in vitro in the presence or absence of the orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) antagonist (SB334867), extracellular signal‑regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) antagonist (U0126) or a combination of the two antagonists. The amount of cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis, caspase‑8 and caspases‑9 activities, OX1R protein expression and ERK1/2 protein levels were determined. The expression of OX1R in SGC‑7901 cells was observed. Orexin A (10-10 to 10-6 M) stimulated SGC‑7901 cell proliferation and viability, reduced the pro‑apoptotic activity of caspase‑9 and protected the cells from apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner. Additionally, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was stimulated by orexin A (10-10 to 10-6 M). However, the OX1R antagonist SB334867 (10-6 M), ERK1/2 antagonist U0126 (30 µM) or the combination of antagonists blocked the effects of orexin A to a certain extent. These results suggest that stimulation of OX1R induces the growth of SGC‑7901 gastric cancer cells through activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings add a new dimension to the biological activities of orexin, which may have important implications in health and disease, in particular gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Ju
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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585
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Mittal S, Sharma A, Balaji SA, Gowda MC, Dighe RR, Kumar RV, Rangarajan A. Coordinate hyperactivation of Notch1 and Ras/MAPK pathways correlates with poor patient survival: novel therapeutic strategy for aggressive breast cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3198-3209. [PMID: 25253780 PMCID: PMC4258404 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Notch and Ras pathways has been detected in breast cancers. A synergy between these two pathways has also been shown in breast cell transformation in culture. Yet, the clinical relevance of Notch-Ras cooperation in breast cancer progression remains unexplored. In this study, we show that coordinate hyperactivation of Notch1 and Ras/MAPK pathways in breast cancer patient specimens, as assessed by IHC for cleaved Notch1 and pErk1/2, respectively, correlated with early relapse to vital organs and poor overall survival. Interestingly, majority of such Notch1(high)Erk(high) cases encompassed the highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), and were enriched in stem cell markers. We further show that combinatorial inhibition of Notch1 and Ras/MAPK pathways, using a novel mAb against Notch1 and a MEK inhibitor, respectively, led to a significant reduction in proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells compared with individual inhibition. Combined inhibition also abrogated sphere-forming potential, and depleted the putative cancer stem-like cell subpopulation. Most importantly, combinatorial inhibition of Notch1 and Ras/MAPK pathways completely blocked tumor growth in a panel of breast cancer xenografts, including the TNBCs. Thus, our study identifies coordinate hyperactivation of Notch1 and Ras/MAPK pathways as novel biomarkers for poor breast cancer outcome. Furthermore, based on our preclinical data, we propose combinatorial targeting of these two pathways as a treatment strategy for highly aggressive breast cancers, particularly the TNBCs that currently lack any targeted therapeutic module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mittal
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai A. Balaji
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manju C Gowda
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajan R. Dighe
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha V. Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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586
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Burgenske DM, Monsma DJ, Dylewski D, Scott SB, Sayfie AD, Kim DG, Luchtefeld M, Martin KR, Stephenson P, Hostetter G, Dujovny N, MacKeigan JP. Establishment of genetically diverse patient-derived xenografts of colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:824-837. [PMID: 25520871 PMCID: PMC4266715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical compounds tested in animal models often show limited efficacy when transitioned into human clinical trials. As a result, many patients are stratified into treatment regimens that have little impact on their disease. In order to create preclinical models that can more accurately predict tumor responses, we established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Surgically resected tumor specimens from colorectal cancer patients were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. Following successful establishment, fourteen models underwent further evaluation to determine whether these models exhibit heterogeneity, both at the cellular and genetic level. Histological review revealed properties not found in CRC cell lines, most notably in overall architecture (predominantly columnar epithelium with evidence of gland formation) and the presence of mucin-producing cells. Custom CRC gene panels identified somatic driver mutations in each model, and therapeutic efficacy studies in tumor-bearing mice were designed to determine how models with known mutations respond to PI3K, mTOR, or MAPK inhibitors. Interestingly, MAPK pathway inhibition drove tumor responses across most models tested. Noteworthy, the MAPK inhibitor PD0325901 alone did not significantly mediate tumor response in the context of a KRAS(G12D) model, and improved tumor responses resulted when combined with mTOR inhibition. As a result, these genetically diverse models represent a valuable resource for preclinical efficacy and drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Burgenske
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Van Andel Institute Graduate SchoolGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - David J Monsma
- Preclinical Therapeutics, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Dawna Dylewski
- Preclinical Therapeutics, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Stephanie B Scott
- Preclinical Therapeutics, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Aaron D Sayfie
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Donald G Kim
- Ferguson-Blodgett Digestive Disease Institute, Spectrum Health Medical GroupGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Martin Luchtefeld
- Ferguson-Blodgett Digestive Disease Institute, Spectrum Health Medical GroupGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Katie R Martin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Paul Stephenson
- Department of Statistics, Grand Valley State UniversityAllendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Laboratory of Analytical Pathology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Nadav Dujovny
- Ferguson-Blodgett Digestive Disease Institute, Spectrum Health Medical GroupGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeffrey P MacKeigan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Van Andel Research InstituteGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Van Andel Institute Graduate SchoolGrand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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587
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Wada Y, Iyoda M, Matsumoto K, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T, Saito T, Iseri K, Shibata T. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition with erlotinib partially prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111728. [PMID: 25390346 PMCID: PMC4229108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of blocking the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in acute kidney injury (AKI) are controversial. Here we investigated the renoprotective effect of erlotinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can block EGFR activity, on cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI. Groups of animals were given either erlotinib or vehicle from one day before up to Day 3 following induction of CP-nephrotoxicity (CP-N). In addition, we analyzed the effects of erlotinib on signaling pathways involved in CP-N by using human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2). Compared to controls, rats treated with erlotinib exhibited significant improvement of renal function and attenuation of tubulointerstitial injury, and reduced the number of apoptotic and proliferating cells. Erlotinib-treated rats had a significant reduction of renal cortical mRNA for profibrogenic genes. The Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA and protein ratios were significantly reduced by erlotinib treatment. In vitro, we observed that erlotinib significantly reduced the phosphorylation of MEK1 and Akt, processes that were induced by CP in HK-2. Taken together, these data indicate that erlotinib has renoprotective properties that are likely mediated through decreases in the apoptosis and proliferation of tubular cells, effects that reflect inhibition of downstream signaling pathways of EGFR. These results suggest that erlotinib may be useful for preventing AKI in patients receiving CP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Shindo-Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kuno
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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588
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Su CC, Chen JYF, Din ZH, Su JH, Yang ZY, Chen YJ, Wang RYL, Wu YJ. 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide induces apoptosis on human gastric carcinoma cells through mitochondria-related apoptotic pathways: p38/JNK activation and PI3K/AKT suppression. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5295-315. [PMID: 25342459 PMCID: PMC4210900 DOI: 10.3390/md12105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
13-acetoxysarcocrassolide (13-AC), an active compound isolated from cultured Formosa soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule, was found to possess anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities against AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma cells) gastric carcinoma cells. The anti-tumor effects of 13-AC were determined by MTT assay, colony formation assessment, cell wound-healing assay, TUNEL/4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. 13-AC inhibited the growth and migration of gastric carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced both early and late apoptosis as assessed by flow cytometer analysis. 13-AC-induced apoptosis was confirmed through observation of a change in ΔΨm, up-regulated expression levels of Bax and Bad proteins, down-regulated expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 proteins, and the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, p38 and JNK. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 and JNK activity by pretreatment with SB03580 (a p38-specific inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK-specific inhibitor) led to rescue of the cell cytotoxicity of 13-AC-treated AGS cells, indicating that the p38 and the JNK pathways are also involved in the 13-AC-induced cell apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that 13-AC induces cell apoptosis against gastric cancer cells through triggering of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway as well as activation of the p38 and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan.
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Zhong-Hao Din
- Graduate Institute of Applied Healthy and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94446, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Yan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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589
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Messoussi A, Feneyrolles C, Bros A, Deroide A, Daydé-Cazals B, Chevé G, Van Hijfte N, Fauvel B, Bougrin K, Yasri A. Recent progress in the design, study, and development of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:1433-43. [PMID: 25442375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) family, with its three members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Involved in many aspects of cellular processes, JNK has been also associated with pathological states such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancers. In oncology, each isoform plays a distinct role depending on the context of the targeted tissue/organ, the tumor stage, and, most likely, the signaling pathway activated upstream. Consequently, the current challenge in finding new successful anti-JNK therapies is to design isoform-selective inhibitors of the JNKs. In this review, a particular focus is given to the JNK inhibitors that have been developed thus far when examining 3D structures of various JNK-inhibitor complexes. Using current data regarding structure-activity relationships and medicinal chemistry approaches, our objective is to provide a better understanding of the design and development of selective JNK inhibitors in the present and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Messoussi
- OriBase Pharma, Cap Gamma, Parc Euromédecine, 34090 Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Aurélie Bros
- OriBase Pharma, Cap Gamma, Parc Euromédecine, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Deroide
- OriBase Pharma, Cap Gamma, Parc Euromédecine, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gwénaël Chevé
- OriBase Pharma, Cap Gamma, Parc Euromédecine, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Fauvel
- OriBase Pharma, Cap Gamma, Parc Euromédecine, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aziz Yasri
- OriBase Pharma, Cap Gamma, Parc Euromédecine, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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590
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Rajakulendran T, Adam DN. Bench to bedside: mechanistic principles of targeting the RAF kinase in melanoma. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1428-33. [PMID: 25311997 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, in its advanced form, is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. To date, no therapeutic modality has afforded a high likelihood of curative outcome, with the exception of early surgical resection in patients diagnosed with local disease. However, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of melanoma have paved the way towards the development of targeted therapeutics. A central player in melanomagenesis is the RAF family of kinases. Key mechanistic details regarding the regulation of RAF kinases have now begun to emerge. Already, vemurafenib, a tailored kinase inhibitor of aberrant RAF function in melanoma, has led to clinical benefit. Despite vemurafenib's success, acquired resistance to the drug warrants the need for further drug development. In this review, we discuss the critical role of RAF dimerization in both melanomagenesis and resistance to RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib. We also highlight the potential for inhibitors of RAF dimerization to lead to improved outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma.
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591
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Zheng Q, Wu H, Cao J, Ye J. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type‑1 in cancer: advances and perspectives (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2779-85. [PMID: 25310042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Large‑scale efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, particularly in the advanced stages, in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1), also known as serine protease inhibitor Kunitz type 1, inhibits the activity of several trypsin-like serine proteases. In particular, HAI-1 suppresses hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator and matriptase, resulting in subsequent inhibition of HGF/scatter factor and macrophage‑stimulating protein (MSP). HGF and MSP are involved in cancer development and progression, via the receptors Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Ron RTK, respectively. Therefore, HAI-1-mediated downregulation of HGF and MSP signaling may suppress tumorigenesis and progression in certain types of cancers. Abnormal HAI-1 expression levels have been observed in various types of human cancer. The exact function of HAI-1 in cancer pathogenesis, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this review, the focus is on the potential impact of aberrant HAI-1 expression levels on tumorigenesis and progression, the underlying mechanisms, and areas that require further investigation to clarify the precise role of HAI-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingjia Ye
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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592
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Silveira AL, Faheina-Martins GV, Maia RC, Araújo DAM. Compound A398, a novel podophyllotoxin analogue: cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107404. [PMID: 25221997 PMCID: PMC4164611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in oncology research, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Thus, there is a demand for the development of more selective and effective antitumor agents. This study showed that A398, a novel podophyllotoxin analogue, was cytotoxic to the HT-29, MCF-7, MOLT-4 and HL-60 tumor cell lines, being less active in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal cell lines FGH and IEC-6. Tests using the HepG2 lineage indicated that its metabolites do not contribute to its cytotoxicity. In the HL-60 cells, A398 induced apoptosis in a time and concentration-dependent manner, promoting mitochondrial depolarization, inhibition of Bcl-2, phosphatidylserine exposure, activation of caspases -8, -9 and -3, and DNA fragmentation. The production of reactive oxygen species does not seem to be a crucial event for the apoptotic process. Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of kinases ERK1/2, JNK and p38 resulted in an increased percentage of death induced by A398. These results indicate that the compound induced apoptosis through activation of intrinsic and extrinsic death pathways with the mechanism involving the inhibition of the MAPKs and Bcl-2. Taken together, our findings suggest that A398 has an anticancer potential, proving itself to be a candidate for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethéia L. Silveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Glaúcia V. Faheina-Martins
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Raquel C. Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Demetrius A. M. Araújo
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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593
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Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Cha JW, Boo SJ, Yoon WJ, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Ko MH, Lee NH, Hyun JW. The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum muticum attenuates ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptotic cell death via regulation of MAPK- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways in human HaCaT keratinocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1110-8. [PMID: 24617288 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.879186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Our previous work demonstrated that an ethyl acetate extract derived from Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fenshol (SME) protected human HaCaT keratinocytes against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant activity in the cells, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the anti-apoptotic mechanism of SME against UVB-induced cell damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of several apoptotic-associated and mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins were determined by western blot analysis of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with or without prior SME treatment. In addition, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was detected using flow cytometry or confocal microscopy and the mitochondria membrane-permeate dye, JC-1. Apoptosis was assessed by quantifying DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, cell viability was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS SME absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280-320 nm) of the UV/visible light spectrum. SME also increased Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression in UVB-irradiated cells and decreased the Bax expression. Moreover, SME inhibited the UVB-induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented UVB-mediated increases in activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 (an apoptotic initiator and executor, respectively) levels. Notably, treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor enhanced the anti-apoptotic effects of SME in UVB-irradiated cells. Finally, SME reduced the UVB-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, and prevented the UVB-mediated dephosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present results indicate that SME safeguards HaCaT keratinocytes from UVB-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting a caspase-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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594
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Djuzenova CS, Fiedler V, Memmel S, Katzer A, Hartmann S, Krohne G, Zimmermann H, Scholz CJ, Polat B, Flentje M, Sukhorukov VL. Actin cytoskeleton organization, cell surface modification and invasion rate of 5 glioblastoma cell lines differing in PTEN and p53 status. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:346-357. [PMID: 25149900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma cells exhibit highly invasive behavior whose mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The present study explores the relationship between the invasion capacity of 5 glioblastoma cell lines differing in p53 and PTEN status, expression of mTOR and several other marker proteins involved in cell invasion, actin cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology. We found that two glioblastoma lines mutated in both p53 and PTEN genes (U373-MG and SNB19) exhibited the highest invasion rates through the Matrigel or collagen matrix. In DK-MG (p53wt/PTENwt) and GaMG (p53mut/PTENwt) cells, F-actin mainly occurred in the numerous stress fibers spanning the cytoplasm, whereas U87-MG (p53wt/PTENmut), U373-MG and SNB19 (both p53mut/PTENmut) cells preferentially expressed F-actin in filopodia and lamellipodia. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the abundant filopodia and lamellipodia in the PTEN mutated cell lines. Interestingly, the gene profiling analysis revealed two clusters of cell lines, corresponding to the most (U373-MG and SNB19, i.e. p53 and PTEN mutated cells) and less invasive phenotypes. The results of this study might shed new light on the mechanisms of glioblastoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholpon S Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Fiedler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Memmel
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Krohne
- Elektronenmikroskopie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Hauptabteilung Biophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare und Zelluläre Biotechnologie/Nanotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Ensheimer Strasse 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Sukhorukov
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum Am Hubland, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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595
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Jin Y, Han B, Chen J, Wiedemeyer R, Orsulic S, Bose S, Zhang X, Karlan BY, Giuliano AE, Cui Y, Cui X. FOXC1 is a critical mediator of EGFR function in human basal-like breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S758-66. [PMID: 25124473 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) has a poor prognosis and is often identified by expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). BLBC remains a major clinical challenge because its pathogenesis is not well understood, thus hindering efforts to develop targeted therapies. Recent data implicate the forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcription factor as an important prognostic biomarker and functional regulator of BLBC, but its regulatory mechanism and impact on BLBC tumorigenesis remain unclear. METHODS The association between FOXC1 and EGFR expression in human breast cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed tissues and analysis of the TCGA database. The regulation of FOXC1 by EGFR activation was investigated in MDA-MB-468 cells using immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, and luciferase activity assays. This EGFR effect on FOXC1 expression was confirmed using the MDA-MB-468 xenograft model. RESULTS Both FOXC1 mRNA and protein levels significantly correlated with EGFR expression in human breast tumors. EGFR activation induced FOXC1 transcription through the ERK and Akt pathways in BLBC. EGFR inhibition in vivo reduced FOXC1 expression in xenograft tumors. We also found that FOXC1 knockdown impaired the effects of EGF on BLBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a novel EGFR-FOXC1 signaling axis critical for BLBC cell functions, supporting the notion that intervention in the FOXC1 pathway may provide potential modalities for BLBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Jin
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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596
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Cai W, Ye Q, She QB. Loss of 4E-BP1 function induces EMT and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion via cap-dependent translational activation of snail. Oncotarget 2014; 5:6015-27. [PMID: 24970798 PMCID: PMC4171609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cap-dependent translation is frequently deregulated in a variety of cancers associated with tumor progression. However, the molecular basis of the translation activation for metastatic progression of cancer remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that activation of cap-dependent translation by silencing the translational repressor 4E-BP1 causes cancer epithelial cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with selective upregulation of the EMT inducer Snail followed by repression of E-cadherin expression and promotion of cell migratory and invasive capabilities as well as metastasis. Conversely, inhibition of cap-dependent translation by a dominant active mutant 4E-BP1 effectively downregulates Snail expression and suppresses cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 by mTORC1 inhibition or directly targeting the translation initiation also profoundly attenuates Snail expression and cell motility, whereas knockdown of 4E-BP1 or overexpression of Snail significantly rescues the inhibitory effects. Importantly, 4E-BP1-regulated Snail expression is not associated with its changes in the level of transcription or protein stability. Together, these findings indicate a novel role of 4E-BP1 in the regulation of EMT and cell motility through translational control of Snail expression and activity, and suggest that targeting cap-dependent translation may provide a promising approach for blocking Snail-mediated metastatic potential of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Cai
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing-Bai She
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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597
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Xia Y, Song X, Li D, Ye T, Xu Y, Lin H, Meng N, Li G, Deng S, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zeng J, Lei Q, Pan Y, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Yu L. YLT192, a novel, orally active bioavailable inhibitor of VEGFR2 signaling with potent antiangiogenic activity and antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6031. [PMID: 25112436 PMCID: PMC4129416 DOI: 10.1038/srep06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonizing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) to block angiogenesis has been applied toward cancer therapy for its role in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. However, most these clinical anticancer drugs have unexpected side effects. Development of novel VEGFR2 inhibitors with less toxicity remains an urgent need. In this study, we describe a novel, well-tolerated, and orally active VEGFR2 inhibitor, YLT192, which inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth. YLT192 significantly inhibited kinase activity of VEGFR2 and suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. In addition, it inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling regulator in HUVEC. Zebrafish embryonic models and alginate-encapsulated tumor cell assays indicated YLT192 also inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. Moreover, YLT192 could directly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of YLT192 at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day could markedly inhibited human tumor xenograft growth without causing obvious toxicities. It decreased microvessel densities (MVD) in tumor sections. It also shows good safety profiles in the studies with mice and rats. Taken together, these preclinical evaluations suggest that YLT192 inhibits angiogenesis and may be a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2]
| | - Xuejiao Song
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China [2]
| | - Deliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, AnHui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nana Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guobo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Senyi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youli Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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598
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Mei M, Xie D, Zhang Y, Jin J, You F, Li Y, Dai J, Chen X. A new 2α,5α,10β,14β-tetraacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene (SIA) derivative overcomes paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting MAPK signaling and increasing paclitaxel accumulation in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104317. [PMID: 25093335 PMCID: PMC4122450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance due to multiple mechanisms seriously hinders the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel. The most widely studied P-glycoprotein inhibitors still have limited ability to reverse resistance in the clinic. In this study, NPB304, a novel Sinenxan A (SIA) derivative, was found to significantly sensitize resistant breast cancer cells to paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with NPB304 increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner through PARP cleavage. Importantly, NPB304 enhanced the antitumor effect of paclitaxel in resistant breast tumor xenografts in nude mice without significantly affecting weight loss. NPB304 regulated cell resistance through inhibition of MAPK pathway components, including p-ERK and p-p38. Moreover, NPB304 increased paclitaxel accumulation by affecting P-gp function. In addition to increasing Rhodamine 123 accumulation, NPB304 promoted bidirectional permeability but decreased the efflux ratio of paclitaxel in a Caco-2 monolayer model, thereby increasing the intracellular concentration of paclitaxel. Similarly, NPB304 increased the concentration of paclitaxel in the resistant tumor tissue. Hence, NPB304 is a novel compound that promotes the sensitization of resistant cells to paclitaxel through multiple mechanisms and has the potential for use in combination therapies to treat resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Feng You
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
- * E-mail:
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599
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Molecular therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: what can we target? Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1688-97. [PMID: 24573715 PMCID: PMC4344119 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous signaling pathways, such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, have been implicated in hepatic carcinogenesis. There are at least 35 combination therapy studies for advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ongoing, and numerous reagents are being tested targeting novel signaling cascades. The management of HCC has changed substantially in recent times, and the successful development of sorafenib has prompted further expansion on molecular targeted therapies to potentially inhibit different pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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600
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Hou JP, Ma J. DawnRank: discovering personalized driver genes in cancer. Genome Med 2014; 6:56. [PMID: 25177370 PMCID: PMC4148527 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale cancer genomic studies have revealed that the genetic heterogeneity of the same type of cancer is greater than previously thought. A key question in cancer genomics is the identification of driver genes. Although existing methods have identified many common drivers, it remains challenging to predict personalized drivers to assess rare and even patient-specific mutations. We developed a new algorithm called DawnRank to directly prioritize altered genes on a single patient level. Applications to TCGA datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of our method. We believe DawnRank complements existing driver identification methods and will help us discover personalized causal mutations that would otherwise be obscured by tumor heterogeneity. Source code can be accessed at http://bioen-compbio.bioen.illinois.edu/DawnRank/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Hou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ; Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
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