601
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Structure of Crenezumab Complex with Aβ Shows Loss of β-Hairpin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39374. [PMID: 27996029 PMCID: PMC5171940 DOI: 10.1038/srep39374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and amyloid plaque deposition in brain is postulated as a cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precise pathological species of Aβ remains elusive although evidence suggests soluble oligomers may be primarily responsible for neurotoxicity. Crenezumab is a humanized anti-Aβ monoclonal IgG4 that binds multiple forms of Aβ, with higher affinity for aggregated forms, and that blocks Aβ aggregation, and promotes disaggregation. To understand the structural basis for this binding profile and activity, we determined the crystal structure of crenezumab in complex with Aβ. The structure reveals a sequential epitope and conformational requirements for epitope recognition, which include a subtle but critical element that is likely the basis for crenezumab's versatile binding profile. We find interactions consistent with high affinity for multiple forms of Aβ, particularly oligomers. Of note, crenezumab also sequesters the hydrophobic core of Aβ and breaks an essential salt-bridge characteristic of the β-hairpin conformation, eliminating features characteristic of the basic organization in Aβ oligomers and fibrils, and explains crenezumab's inhibition of aggregation and promotion of disaggregation. These insights highlight crenezumab's unique mechanism of action, particularly regarding Aβ oligomers, and provide a strong rationale for the evaluation of crenezumab as a potential AD therapy.
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602
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Riek R, Eisenberg DS. The activities of amyloids from a structural perspective. Nature 2016; 539:227-235. [PMID: 27830791 DOI: 10.1038/nature20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into structures known as amyloids is observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Amyloids are composed of pairs of tightly interacting, many stranded and repetitive intermolecular β-sheets, which form the cross-β-sheet structure. This structure enables amyloids to grow by recruitment of the same protein and its repetition can transform a weak biological activity into a potent one through cooperativity and avidity. Amyloids therefore have the potential to self-replicate and can adapt to the environment, yielding cell-to-cell transmissibility, prion infectivity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David S Eisenberg
- UCLA-DOE Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA
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603
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Peccati F, Pantaleone S, Solans-Monfort X, Sodupe M. Fluorescent Markers for Amyloid-β Detection: Computational Insights. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Peccati
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Stefano Pantaleone
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | | | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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604
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Vugmeyster L, Ostrovsky D, Clark MA, Falconer IB, Hoatson GL, Qiang W. Fast Motions of Key Methyl Groups in Amyloid-β Fibrils. Biophys J 2016; 111:2135-2148. [PMID: 27851938 PMCID: PMC5113154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is the major component of plaques found in Alzheimer's disease patients. Using solid-state 2H NMR relaxation performed on selectively deuterated methyl groups, we probed the dynamics in the threefold symmetric and twofold symmetric polymorphs of native Aβ as well as the protofibrils of the D23N mutant. Specifically, we investigated the methyl groups of two leucine residues that belong to the hydrophobic core (L17 and L34) as well as M35 residues belonging to the hydrophobic interface between the cross-β subunits, which has been previously found to be water-accessible. Relaxation measurements performed over 310-140 K and two magnetic field strengths provide insights into conformational variability within and between polymorphs. Core packing variations within a single polymorph are similar to what is observed for globular proteins for the core residues, whereas M35 exhibits a larger degree of variability. M35 site is also shown to undergo a solvent-dependent dynamical transition in which slower amplitude motions of methyl axes are activated at high temperature. The motions, modeled as a diffusion of methyl axis, have activation energy by a factor of 2.7 larger in the twofold compared with the threefold polymorph, whereas D23N protofibrils display a value similar to the threefold polymorph. This suggests enhanced flexibility of the hydrophobic interface in the threefold polymorph. This difference is only observed in the hydrated state and is absent in the dry fibrils, highlighting the role of solvent at the cavity. In contrast, the dynamic behavior of the core is hydration-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Vugmeyster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado.
| | - Dmitry Ostrovsky
- Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew A Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Isaac B Falconer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gina L Hoatson
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York
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605
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Lendel C, Sparrman T, Mayzel M, Andersson CE, Karlsson G, Härd T. Combined Solution- and Magic Angle Spinning NMR Reveals Regions of Distinct Dynamics in Amyloid β Protofibrils. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Lendel
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Uppsala Sweden
- Dept. of Chemistry - present address; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Maxim Mayzel
- Swedish NMR Centre; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - C. Evalena Andersson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Uppsala Sweden
- Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology - present address; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Göran Karlsson
- Swedish NMR Centre; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Torleif Härd
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Uppsala Sweden
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606
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Ruiz J, Boehringer R, Grogg M, Raya J, Schirer A, Crucifix C, Hellwig P, Schultz P, Torbeev V. Covalent Tethering and Residues with Bulky Hydrophobic Side Chains Enable Self-Assembly of Distinct Amyloid Structures. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2274-2285. [PMID: 27717158 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism is a common property of amyloid fibers that complicates their detailed structural and functional studies. Here we report experiments illustrating the chemical principles that enable the formation of amyloid polymorphs with distinct stoichiometric composition. Using appropriate covalent tethering we programmed self-assembly of a model peptide corresponding to the [20-41] fragment of human β2-microglobulin into fibers with either trimeric or dimeric amyloid cores. Using a set of biophysical and biochemical methods we demonstrated their distinct structural, morphological, and templating properties. Furthermore, we showed that supramolecular approaches in which the peptide is modified with bulky substituents can also be applied to modulate the formation of different fiber polymorphs. Such strategies, when applied to disease-related peptides and proteins, will greatly help in the evaluation of the biological properties of structurally distinct amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Ruiz
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Régis Boehringer
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcel Grogg
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jésus Raya
- Membrane Biophysics and NMR, Institute of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alicia Schirer
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Crucifix
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), INSERM-U964, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Spectroscopy, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7140, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Schultz
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), INSERM-U964, University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- ISIS (Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires) and, icFRC (International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry), University of Strasbourg, CNRS-, UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67083, Strasbourg, France
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607
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Bastidas OH, Green B, Sprague M, Peters MH. Few Ramachandran Angle Changes Provide Interaction Strength Increase in Aβ42 versus Aβ40 Amyloid Fibrils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36499. [PMID: 27808259 PMCID: PMC5093553 DOI: 10.1038/srep36499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease can ultimately be traced to the increased aggregation stability of Aβ42 peptides which possess two extra residues (Ile 41 &Ala 42) that the non-pathological strain (Aβ40) lacks. We have found Aβ42 fibrils to exhibit stronger energies in inter-chain interactions and we have also identified the cause for this increase to be the result of different Ramachandran angle values in certain residues of the Aβ42 strain compared to Aβ40. These unique angle configurations result in the peptide planes in the fibril structures to be more vertical along the fibril axis for Aβ42 which thus reduces the inter-atomic distance between interacting atoms on vicinal peptide chains thereby increasing the electrostatic interaction energies. We lastly postulate that these different Ramachandran angle values could possibly be traced to the unique conformational folding avenues sampled by the Aβ42 peptide owing to the presence of its two extra residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar H Bastidas
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Green
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mary Sprague
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael H Peters
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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608
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Tu Y, Ma S, Liu F, Sun Y, Dong X. Hematoxylin Inhibits Amyloid β-Protein Fibrillation and Alleviates Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11360-11368. [PMID: 27749059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation and aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. There has been increased interest in finding new anti-amyloidogenic compounds to inhibit Aβ aggregation. Herein, thioflavin T fluorescent assay and transmission electron microscopy results showed that hematoxylin, a natural organic molecule extracted from Caesalpinia sappan, was a powerful inhibitor of Aβ42 fibrillogenesis. Circular dichroism studies revealed hematoxylin reduced the β-sheet content of Aβ42 and made it assemble into antiparallel arrangement, which induced Aβ42 to form off-pathway aggregates. As a result, hematoxylin greatly alleviated Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the detailed interactions between hematoxylin and Aβ42. Four binding sites of hematoxylin on Aβ42 hexamer were identified, including the N-terminal region, S8GY10 region, turn region, and C-terminal region. Notably, abundant hydroxyl groups made hematoxylin prefer to interact with Aβ42 via hydrogen bonds. This also contributed to the formation of π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, the research proved that hematoxylin was a potential agent against Aβ fibrillogenesis and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Tu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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609
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Abstract
![]()
In
this paper, we investigate the coassembly of peptides derived
from the central and C-terminal regions of the β-amyloid peptide
(Aβ). In the preceding paper, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2016, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06000, we established that peptides containing residues 17–23 (LVFFAED)
from the central region of Aβ and residues 30–36 (AIIGLMV)
from the C-terminal region of Aβ assemble to form homotetramers
consisting of two hydrogen-bonded dimers. Here, we mix these tetramer-forming
peptides and determine how they coassemble. Incorporation of a single 15N isotopic label into each peptide provides a spectroscopic
probe with which to elucidate the coassembly of the peptides by 1H,15N HSQC. Job’s method of continuous variation
and nonlinear least-squares fitting reveal that the peptides form
a mixture of heterotetramers in 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 stoichiometries,
in addition to the homotetramers. These studies also establish the
relative stability of each tetramer and show that the 2:2 heterotetramer
predominates. 15N-Edited NOESY shows the 2:2 heterotetramer
comprises two different homodimers, rather than two heterodimers.
The peptides within the heterotetramer segregate in forming the homodimer
subunits, but the two homodimers coassemble in forming the heterotetramer.
These studies show that the central and C-terminal regions of Aβ
can preferentially segregate within β-sheets and that the resulting
segregated β-sheets can further coassemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Truex
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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610
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Truex NL, Wang Y, Nowick JS. Assembly of Peptides Derived from β-Sheet Regions of β-Amyloid. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13882-13890. [PMID: 27642651 PMCID: PMC5089065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In
Alzheimer’s disease, aggregation of the β-amyloid
peptide (Aβ) results in the formation of oligomers and fibrils
that are associated with neurodegeneration. Aggregation of Aβ
occurs through interactions between different regions of the peptide.
This paper and the accompanying paper constitute a two-part investigation
of two key regions of Aβ: the central region and the C-terminal
region. These two regions promote aggregation and adopt β-sheet
structure in the fibrils, and may also do so in the oligomers. In
this paper, we study the assembly of macrocyclic β-sheet peptides
that contain residues 17–23 (LVFFAED) from the central region
and residues 30–36 (AIIGLMV) from the C-terminal region. These
peptides assemble to form tetramers. Each tetramer consists of two
hydrogen-bonded dimers that pack through hydrophobic interactions
in a sandwich-like fashion. Incorporation of a single 15N isotopic label into each peptide provides a spectroscopic probe
with which to elucidate the β-sheet assembly and interaction: 1H,15N HSQC studies facilitate the identification
of the monomers and tetramers; 15N-edited NOESY studies
corroborate the pairing of the dimers within the tetramers. In the
following paper, J. Am. Chem. Soc.2016, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06001, we will extend these studies to elucidate the coassembly of the
peptides to form heterotetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Truex
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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611
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Loughran SP, Al Hossain MS, Bentvelzen A, Elwood M, Finnie J, Horvat J, Iskra S, Ivanova EP, Manavis J, Mudiyanselage CK, Lajevardipour A, Martinac B, McIntosh R, McKenzie R, Mustapic M, Nakayama Y, Pirogova E, Rashid MH, Taylor NA, Todorova N, Wiedemann PM, Vink R, Wood A, Yarovsky I, Croft RJ. Bioelectromagnetics Research within an Australian Context: The Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research (ACEBR). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E967. [PMID: 27690076 PMCID: PMC5086706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mobile phone subscriptions continue to increase across the world, with the electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by these devices, as well as by related technologies such as Wi-Fi and smart meters, now ubiquitous. This increase in use and consequent exposure to mobile communication (MC)-related EMF has led to concern about possible health effects that could arise from this exposure. Although much research has been conducted since the introduction of these technologies, uncertainty about the impact on health remains. The Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research (ACEBR) is a National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence that is undertaking research addressing the most important aspects of the MC-EMF health debate, with a strong focus on mechanisms, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and exposure dosimetry. This research takes as its starting point the current scientific status quo, but also addresses the adequacy of the evidence for the status quo. Risk communication research complements the above, and aims to ensure that whatever is found, it is communicated effectively and appropriately. This paper provides a summary of this ACEBR research (both completed and ongoing), and discusses the rationale for conducting it in light of the prevailing science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Loughran
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Md Shahriar Al Hossain
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Material (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Alan Bentvelzen
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Mark Elwood
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand.
| | - John Finnie
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- SA Pathology, Hanson Institute, Centre for Neurological Diseases, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Joseph Horvat
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Material (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Steve Iskra
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Chief Technology Office, Telstra Corporation, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Jim Manavis
- SA Pathology, Hanson Institute, Centre for Neurological Diseases, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Chathuranga Keerawella Mudiyanselage
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Alireza Lajevardipour
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Boris Martinac
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia.
| | - Robert McIntosh
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Chief Technology Office, Telstra Corporation, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Raymond McKenzie
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association, Canberra 2603, Australia.
| | - Mislav Mustapic
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Material (ISEM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | | | - Elena Pirogova
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - M Harunur Rashid
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Nigel A Taylor
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Nevena Todorova
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Peter M Wiedemann
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Robert Vink
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- SA Pathology, Hanson Institute, Centre for Neurological Diseases, and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Andrew Wood
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
| | - Rodney J Croft
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
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612
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tycko
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA
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613
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Elkins MR, Wang T, Nick M, Jo H, Lemmin T, Prusiner SB, DeGrado WF, Stöhr J, Hong M. Structural Polymorphism of Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Fibrils as Controlled by an E22 Switch: A Solid-State NMR Study. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9840-52. [PMID: 27414264 PMCID: PMC5149419 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) forms polymorphic fibrils on the micrometer and molecular scales. Various fibril growth conditions have been identified to cause polymorphism, but the intrinsic amino acid sequence basis for this polymorphism has been unclear. Several single-site mutations in the center of the Aβ sequence cause different disease phenotypes and fibrillization properties. The E22G (Arctic) mutant is found in familial AD and forms protofibrils more rapidly than wild-type Aβ. Here, we use solid-state NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure, dynamics, hydration and morphology of Arctic E22G Aβ40 fibrils. (13)C, (15)N-labeled synthetic E22G Aβ40 peptides are studied and compared with wild-type and Osaka E22Δ Aβ40 fibrils. Under the same fibrillization conditions, Arctic Aβ40 exhibits a high degree of polymorphism, showing at least four sets of NMR chemical shifts for various residues, while the Osaka and wild-type Aβ40 fibrils show a single or a predominant set of chemical shifts. Thus, structural polymorphism is intrinsic to the Arctic E22G Aβ40 sequence. Chemical shifts and inter-residue contacts obtained from 2D correlation spectra indicate that one of the major Arctic conformers has surprisingly high structural similarity with wild-type Aβ42. (13)C-(1)H dipolar order parameters, (1)H rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation times and water-to-protein spin diffusion experiments reveal substantial differences in the dynamics and hydration of Arctic, Osaka and wild-type Aβ40 fibrils. Together, these results strongly suggest that electrostatic interactions in the center of the Aβ peptide sequence play a crucial role in the three-dimensional fold of the fibrils, and by inference, fibril-induced neuronal toxicity and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
| | - Mimi Nick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Thomas Lemmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Stanley B. Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jan Stöhr
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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Implications for Alzheimer's disease of an atomic resolution structure of amyloid-β(1-42) fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9398-400. [PMID: 27506787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610806113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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