601
|
Esterhuizen N, Clusella-Trullas S, van Daalen CE, Schoombie RE, Boardman L, Terblanche JS. Effects of within-generation thermal history on the flight performance of Ceratitis capitata: colder is better. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3545-56. [PMID: 25104754 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of thermal history on temperature-dependent flight performance was investigated in an invasive agricultural pest insect, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Flies were exposed to one of four developmental acclimation temperatures (Tacc: 15, 20, 25, 30°C) during their pupal stage and tested at these temperatures (Ttest) as adults using a full-factorial study design. Major factors influencing flight performance included sex, body mass, Ttest and the interaction between Ttest and Tacc. Successful flight performance increased with increasing Ttest across all acclimation groups (from 10% at 15°C to 77% at 30°C). Although Tacc did not affect flight performance independently, it did have a significant interaction effect with Ttest. Multiple comparisons showed that flies which had been acclimated to 15°C and 20°C performed better than those acclimated to 25°C and 30°C when tested at cold temperatures, but warm-acclimated flies did not outperform cold-acclimated flies at warmer temperatures. This provides partial support for the 'colder is better' hypothesis. To explain these results, several flight-related traits were examined to determine whether Tacc influenced flight performance as a consequence of changes in body or wing morphology, whole-animal metabolic rate or cytochrome c oxidase enzyme activity. Although significant effects of Tacc could be detected in several of the traits examined, with an emphasis on sex-related differences, increased flight performance could not be explained solely on the basis of changes in any of these traits. Overall, these results are important for understanding dispersal physiology despite the fact that the mechanisms of acclimation-related changes in flight performance remain unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanike Esterhuizen
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Corne E van Daalen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ruben E Schoombie
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leigh Boardman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
602
|
de la Peña E, Bonte D. Above- and belowground herbivory jointly impact defense and seed dispersal traits in Taraxacum officinale. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3309-19. [PMID: 25473483 PMCID: PMC4222217 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are able to cope with herbivores by inducing defensive traits or growth responses that allow them to reduce or avoid the impact of herbivores. Since above- and belowground herbivores differ substantially in life-history traits, for example feeding types, and their spatial distribution, it is likely that they induce different responses in plants. Moreover, strong interactive effects on defense and plant growth are expected when above- and belowground herbivores are jointly present. The strengths and directions of these responses have been scarcely addressed in the literature. Using Taraxacum officinale, the root-feeding nematode Meloidogyne hapla and the locust Schistocerca gregaria as a model species, we examined to what degree above- and belowground herbivory affect (1) plant growth responses, (2) the induction of plant defensive traits, that is, leaf trichomes, and (3) changes in dispersal-related seed traits and seed germination. We compared the performance of plants originating from different populations to address whether plant responses are conserved across putative different genotypes. Overall, aboveground herbivory resulted in increased plant biomass. Root herbivory had no effect on plant growth. Plants exposed to the two herbivores showed fewer leaf trichomes than plants challenged only by one herbivore and consequently experienced greater aboveground herbivory. In addition, herbivory had effects that reached beyond the individual plant by modifying seed morphology, producing seeds with longer pappus, and germination success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de la Peña
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, GhentUniversity K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium ; Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, E-29750, Spain
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, GhentUniversity K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
603
|
Elliot NB, Cushman SA, Macdonald DW, Loveridge AJ. The devil is in the dispersers: predictions of landscape connectivity change with demography. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Elliot
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House Abingdon Road Tubney Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr. Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House Abingdon Road Tubney Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Andrew J. Loveridge
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Tubney House Abingdon Road Tubney Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| |
Collapse
|
604
|
Hui A, Pinter-Wollman N. Individual variation in exploratory behaviour improves speed and accuracy of collective nest selection by Argentine ants. Anim Behav 2014; 93:261-266. [PMID: 25018558 PMCID: PMC4090697 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collective behaviours are influenced by the behavioural composition of the group. For example, a collective behaviour may emerge from the average behaviour of the group's constituents, or be driven by a few key individuals that catalyse the behaviour of others in the group. When ant colonies collectively relocate to a new nest site, there is an inherent trade-off between the speed and accuracy of their decision of where to move due to the time it takes to gather information. Thus, variation among workers in exploratory behaviour, which allows gathering information about potential new nest sites, may impact the ability of a colony to move quickly into a suitable new nest. The invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, expands its range locally through the dispersal and establishment of propagules: groups of ants and queens. We examine whether the success of these groups in rapidly finding a suitable nest site is affected by their behavioural composition. We compared nest choice speed and accuracy among groups of all-exploratory, all-nonexploratory and half-exploratory-half-nonexploratory individuals. We show that exploratory individuals improve both the speed and accuracy of collective nest choice, and that exploratory individuals have additive, not synergistic, effects on nest site selection. By integrating an examination of behaviour into the study of invasive species we shed light on the mechanisms that impact the progression of invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Hui
- Environmental Systems Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Noa Pinter-Wollman
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
605
|
Hovestadt T, Mitesser O, Poethke HJ. Gender-Specific Emigration Decisions Sensitive to Local Male and Female Density. Am Nat 2014; 184:38-51. [DOI: 10.1086/676524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
606
|
Hardouin LA, Robert A, Nevoux M, Gimenez O, Lacroix F, Hingrat Y. Meteorological conditions influence short-term survival and dispersal in a reinforced bird population. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc A. Hardouin
- Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation; PO Box 47 33250 Missour Morocco
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55 rue Buffon, CP 51 75005 Paris France
| | - Alexandre Robert
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55 rue Buffon, CP 51 75005 Paris France
| | - Marie Nevoux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; UMR Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes; 65 rue de Saint Brieuc CS 84215 35042 Rennes Cedex France
- Agrocampus Ouest; UMR Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes; 65 rue de Saint Brieuc CS 84215 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Olivier Gimenez
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; Campus CNRS; UMR 5175; 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Frederic Lacroix
- Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation; PO Box 47 33250 Missour Morocco
- RENECO Wildlife Consultants LLC; Po Box 61741 Abu Dhabi U.A.E
| | - Yves Hingrat
- Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation; PO Box 47 33250 Missour Morocco
- RENECO Wildlife Consultants LLC; Po Box 61741 Abu Dhabi U.A.E
| |
Collapse
|
607
|
Duputié A, Massol F. An empiricist's guide to theoretical predictions on the evolution of dispersal. Interface Focus 2014; 3:20130028. [PMID: 24516715 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the tendency for organisms to reproduce away from their parents, influences many evolutionary and ecological processes, from speciation and extinction events, to the coexistence of genotypes within species or biological invasions. Understanding how dispersal evolves is crucial to predict how global changes might affect species persistence and geographical distribution. The factors driving the evolution of dispersal have been well characterized from a theoretical standpoint, and predictions have been made about their respective influence on, for example, dispersal polymorphism or the emergence of dispersal syndromes. However, the experimental tests of some theories remain scarce partly because a synthetic view of theoretical advances is still lacking. Here, we review the different ingredients of models of dispersal evolution, from selective pressures and types of predictions, through mathematical and ecological assumptions, to the methods used to obtain predictions. We provide perspectives as to which predictions are easiest to test, how theories could be better exploited to provide testable predictions, what theoretical developments are needed to tackle this topic, and we place the question of the evolution of dispersal within the larger interdisciplinary framework of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duputié
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| | - François Massol
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) , 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 05 34293 , France
| |
Collapse
|
608
|
Stevens VM, Whitmee S, Le Galliard JF, Clobert J, Böhning-Gaese K, Bonte D, Brändle M, Matthias Dehling D, Hof C, Trochet A, Baguette M. A comparative analysis of dispersal syndromes in terrestrial and semi-terrestrial animals. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1039-52. [PMID: 24915998 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal, the behaviour ensuring gene flow, tends to covary with a number of morphological, ecological and behavioural traits. While species-specific dispersal behaviours are the product of each species' unique evolutionary history, there may be distinct interspecific patterns of covariation between dispersal and other traits ('dispersal syndromes') due to their shared evolutionary history or shared environments. Using dispersal, phylogeny and trait data for 15 terrestrial and semi-terrestrial animal Orders (> 700 species), we tested for the existence and consistency of dispersal syndromes across species. At this taxonomic scale, dispersal increased linearly with body size in omnivores, but decreased above a critical length in herbivores and carnivores. Species life history and ecology significantly influenced patterns of covariation, with higher phylogenetic signal of dispersal in aerial dispersers compared with ground dwellers and stronger evidence for dispersal syndromes in aerial dispersers and ectotherms, compared with ground dwellers and endotherms. Our results highlight the complex role of dispersal in the evolution of species life-history strategies: good dispersal ability was consistently associated with high fecundity and survival, and in aerial dispersers it was associated with early maturation. We discuss the consequences of these findings for species evolution and range shifts in response to future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M Stevens
- CNRS USR 2936 Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis. Route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
609
|
Mattila ALK, Hanski I. Heritability of flight and resting metabolic rates in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1733-43. [PMID: 24909057 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal capacity is a key life-history trait especially in species inhabiting fragmented landscapes. Evolutionary models predict that, given sufficient heritable variation, dispersal rate responds to natural selection imposed by habitat loss and fragmentation. Here, we estimate phenotypic variance components and heritability of flight and resting metabolic rates (RMRs) in an ecological model species, the Glanville fritillary butterfly, in which flight metabolic rate (FMR) is known to correlate strongly with dispersal rate. We modelled a two-generation pedigree with the animal model to distinguish additive genetic variance from maternal and common environmental effects. The results show that FMR is significantly heritable, with additive genetic variance accounting for about 40% of total phenotypic variance; thus, FMR has the potential to respond to selection on dispersal capacity. Maternal influences on flight metabolism were negligible. Heritability of flight metabolism was context dependent, as in stressful thermal conditions, environmentally induced variation dominated over additive genetic effects. There was no heritability in RMR, which was instead strongly influenced by maternal effects. This study contributes to a mechanistic understanding of the evolution of dispersal-related traits, a pressing question in view of the challenges posed to many species by changing climate and fragmentation of natural habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L K Mattila
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
610
|
Oostra V, Brakefield PM, Hiltemann Y, Zwaan BJ, Brattström O. On the fate of seasonally plastic traits in a rainforest butterfly under relaxed selection. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2654-67. [PMID: 25077017 PMCID: PMC4113290 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms display phenotypic plasticity as adaptation to seasonal environmental fluctuations. Often, such seasonal responses entails plasticity of a whole suite of morphological and life-history traits that together contribute to the adaptive phenotypes in the alternative environments. While phenotypic plasticity in general is a well-studied phenomenon, little is known about the evolutionary fate of plastic responses if natural selection on plasticity is relaxed. Here, we study whether the presumed ancestral seasonal plasticity of the rainforest butterfly Bicyclus sanaos (Fabricius, 1793) is still retained despite the fact that this species inhabits an environmentally stable habitat. Being exposed to an atypical range of temperatures in the laboratory revealed hidden reaction norms for several traits, including wing pattern. In contrast, reproductive body allocation has lost the plastic response. In the savannah butterfly, B. anynana (Butler, 1879), these traits show strong developmental plasticity as an adaptation to the contrasting environments of its seasonal habitat and they are coordinated via a common developmental hormonal system. Our results for B. sanaos indicate that such integration of plastic traits - as a result of past selection on expressing a coordinated environmental response - can be broken when the optimal reaction norms for those traits diverge in a new environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicencio Oostra
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands ; Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre P.O. Box 309, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands ; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Paul M Brakefield
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands ; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Yvonne Hiltemann
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bas J Zwaan
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands ; Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre P.O. Box 309, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oskar Brattström
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands ; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
611
|
Therry L, Zawal A, Bonte D, Stoks R. What factors shape female phenotypes of a poleward-moving damselfly at the edge of its range? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Therry
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; KU Leuven; Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Andrzej Zawal
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Limnology; University of Szczecin; Waska 13 71-415 Szczecin Poland
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit; Department of Biology; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; KU Leuven; Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
612
|
Shaw AK, Kokko H. Mate finding, Allee effects and selection for sex-biased dispersal. J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:1256-67. [PMID: 24738755 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although dispersal requires context-dependent decision-making in three distinct stages (emigration, transit, immigration), these decisions are commonly ignored in simple models of dispersal. For sexually reproducing organisms, mate availability is an important factor in dispersal decisions. Difficulty finding mates can lead to an Allee effect where population growth decreases at low densities. Surprisingly, theoretical studies on mate finding and on sex-biased dispersal produce opposing predictions: in the former, one sex is predicted to move less if the other sex evolves to search more, whereas in the latter, mate-finding difficulties can select for less sex bias in dispersal when mate finding occurs after dispersal. Here, we develop a pair of models to examine the joint evolution of dispersal and settlement behaviour. Our first model resolves the apparent contradiction from the mate search and dispersal literatures. Our second model demonstrates that the relationship between mating system and sex-biased dispersal is more complex than a simple contrast between resource defence monogamy and female defence polygyny. Our results highlight that a key factor is the timing of mating relative to dispersal (before, during, or after). We also show that although movement has the potential to alleviate a mate-finding Allee effect, in some cases, it can actually exacerbate the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Shaw
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
613
|
Norros V, Rannik Ü, Hussein T, Petäjä T, Vesala T, Ovaskainen O. Do small spores disperse further than large spores? Ecology 2014; 95:1612-21. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0877.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
614
|
Pennekamp F, Mitchell KA, Chaine A, Schtickzelle N. Dispersal propensity in Tetrahymena thermophila ciliates - a reaction norm perspective. Evolution 2014; 68:2319-30. [PMID: 24749831 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal and phenotypic plasticity are two main ways for species to deal with rapid changes of their environments. Understanding how genotypes (G), environments (E), and their interaction (genotype and environment; G × E) each affects dispersal propensity is therefore instrumental for predicting the ecological and evolutionary responses of species under global change. Here we used an actively dispersing ciliate to quantify the contributions of G, E, and G × E on dispersal propensity, exposing 44 different genotypes to three different environmental contexts (densities in isogenotype populations). Moreover, we assessed the condition dependence of dispersal, that is, whether dispersal is related to morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits. We found that genotypes showed marked differences in dispersal propensity and that dispersal is plastically adjusted to density, with the overall trend for genotypes to exhibit negative density-dependent dispersal. A small, but significant G × E interaction indicates genetic variability in plasticity and therefore some potential for dispersal plasticity to evolve. We also show evidence consistent with condition-dependent dispersal suggesting that genotypes also vary in how individual condition is linked to dispersal under different environmental contexts thereby generating complex dispersal behavior due to only three variables (genes, environment, and individual condition).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pennekamp
- Earth and Life Institute & Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
615
|
Predation risk increases dispersal distance in prey. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:513-6. [PMID: 24821118 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
616
|
Driscoll DA, Banks SC, Barton PS, Ikin K, Lentini P, Lindenmayer DB, Smith AL, Berry LE, Burns EL, Edworthy A, Evans MJ, Gibson R, Heinsohn R, Howland B, Kay G, Munro N, Scheele BC, Stirnemann I, Stojanovic D, Sweaney N, Villaseñor NR, Westgate MJ. The trajectory of dispersal research in conservation biology. Systematic review. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95053. [PMID: 24743447 PMCID: PMC3990620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal knowledge is essential for conservation management, and demand is growing. But are we accumulating dispersal knowledge at a pace that can meet the demand? To answer this question we tested for changes in dispersal data collection and use over time. Our systematic review of 655 conservation-related publications compared five topics: climate change, habitat restoration, population viability analysis, land planning (systematic conservation planning) and invasive species. We analysed temporal changes in the: (i) questions asked by dispersal-related research; (ii) methods used to study dispersal; (iii) the quality of dispersal data; (iv) extent that dispersal knowledge is lacking, and; (v) likely consequences of limited dispersal knowledge. Research questions have changed little over time; the same problems examined in the 1990s are still being addressed. The most common methods used to study dispersal were occupancy data, expert opinion and modelling, which often provided indirect, low quality information about dispersal. Although use of genetics for estimating dispersal has increased, new ecological and genetic methods for measuring dispersal are not yet widely adopted. Almost half of the papers identified knowledge gaps related to dispersal. Limited dispersal knowledge often made it impossible to discover ecological processes or compromised conservation outcomes. The quality of dispersal data used in climate change research has increased since the 1990s. In comparison, restoration ecology inadequately addresses large-scale process, whilst the gap between knowledge accumulation and growth in applications may be increasing in land planning. To overcome apparent stagnation in collection and use of dispersal knowledge, researchers need to: (i) improve the quality of available data using new approaches; (ii) understand the complementarities of different methods and; (iii) define the value of different kinds of dispersal information for supporting management decisions. Ambitious, multi-disciplinary research programs studying many species are critical for advancing dispersal research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don A. Driscoll
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sam C. Banks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Philip S. Barton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Karen Ikin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pia Lentini
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Annabel L. Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Laurence E. Berry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Emma L. Burns
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amanda Edworthy
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Maldwyn J. Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rob Heinsohn
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Brett Howland
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Geoff Kay
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicola Munro
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ingrid Stirnemann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dejan Stojanovic
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nici Sweaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nélida R. Villaseñor
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Martin J. Westgate
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
617
|
Bocedi G, Palmer SC, Pe'er G, Heikkinen RK, Matsinos YG, Watts K, Travis JM. RangeShifter: a platform for modelling spatial eco-evolutionary dynamics and species' responses to environmental changes. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Stephen C.F. Palmer
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Guy Pe'er
- Department of Conservation Biology; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
| | - Risto K. Heikkinen
- Finnish Environment Institute; Natural Environment Centre; P.O. Box 140 Helsinki FI-00251 Finland
| | - Yiannis G. Matsinos
- Department of Environment; Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory; University of the Aegean; Mytilini 81100 Greece
| | - Kevin Watts
- Forest Research; Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham Surrey GU10 4LH UK
| | - Justin M.J. Travis
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
618
|
Elliot NB, Valeix M, Macdonald DW, Loveridge AJ. Social relationships affect dispersal timing revealing a delayed infanticide in African lions. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Elliot
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House; Abingdon Road Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Marion Valeix
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House; Abingdon Road Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
- Lab. de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5558, Univ. Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel; 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918 FR-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House; Abingdon Road Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Andrew J. Loveridge
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Oxford, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House; Abingdon Road Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| |
Collapse
|
619
|
Pflüger FJ, Balkenhol N. A plea for simultaneously considering matrix quality and local environmental conditions when analysing landscape impacts on effective dispersal. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2146-56. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke J. Pflüger
- Department of Wildlife Sciences; University of Goettingen; Buesgenweg 3 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Niko Balkenhol
- Department of Wildlife Sciences; University of Goettingen; Buesgenweg 3 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
620
|
Debeffe L, Morellet N, Verheyden-Tixier H, Hoste H, Gaillard JM, Cargnelutti B, Picot D, Sevila J, Hewison AJM. Parasite abundance contributes to condition-dependent dispersal in a wild population of large herbivore. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Debeffe
- INRA, UR35 CEFS; B.P-52627, FR-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France
- Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon1, LBBE UMR5558; FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
| | | | | | - Hervé Hoste
- INRA, UMR1225 IHAP; FR-31076 Toulouse France
- Univ. de Toulouse, ENVT UMR1225; FR-31076 Toulouse France
| | | | | | - Denis Picot
- INRA, UR35 CEFS; B.P-52627, FR-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Julie Sevila
- INRA, UR35 CEFS; B.P-52627, FR-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France
- INRA, UMR1225 IHAP; FR-31076 Toulouse France
- Univ. de Toulouse, ENVT UMR1225; FR-31076 Toulouse France
| | | |
Collapse
|
621
|
Buoro M, Carlson SM. Life-history syndromes: integrating dispersal through space and time. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:756-67. [PMID: 24690406 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted interdependencies between dispersal and other life-history traits, i.e. dispersal syndromes, thereby revealing constraints on the evolution of dispersal and opportunities for improved ability to predict dispersal by considering suites of dispersal-related traits. This review adds to the growing list of life-history traits linked to spatial dispersal by emphasising the interdependence between dispersal through space and time, i.e. life-history diversity that distributes individuals into separate reproductive events. We reviewed the literature that has simultaneously investigated spatial and temporal dispersal to examine the prediction that traits of these two dispersal strategies are negatively correlated. Our results suggest that negative covariation is widely anticipated from theory. Empirical studies often reported evidence of weak negative covariation, although more complicated patterns were also evident, including across levels of biological organisation. Existing literature has largely focused on plants with dormancy capability, one or two phases of the dispersal process (emigration and/or transfer) and a single level of biological organisation (theory: individual; empirical: species). We highlight patterns of covariation across levels of organisation and conclude with a discussion of the consequences of dispersal through space and time and future research areas that should improve our understanding of dispersal-related life-history syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Buoro
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
622
|
Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Shaw
- Div. of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Univ. of Minnesota; St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Matti Jalasvuori
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Univ. of Jyväskylä; PO Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Div. of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
623
|
Mestre L, Bucher R, Entling MH. Trait‐mediated effects between predators: ant chemical cues induce spider dispersal. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Mestre
- Institute for Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Analysis University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia Univ Autònoma Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - R. Bucher
- Institute for Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Analysis University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - M. H. Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Analysis University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| |
Collapse
|
624
|
Van Allen BG, Bhavsar P. Natal habitat effects drive density-dependent scaling of dispersal decisions. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
625
|
Palmer SCF, Coulon A, Travis JMJ. Inter-individual variability in dispersal behaviours impacts connectivity estimates. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. F. Palmer
- Inst. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Aberdeen, Zoology Building; Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- UMR 7204 MNHN/CNRS/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 4 avenue du Petit Château FR-91800 Brunoy France
- UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS; 1919 route de Mende FR-34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - Justin M. J. Travis
- Inst. of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Aberdeen, Zoology Building; Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
626
|
Parasite infection drives the evolution of state-dependent dispersal of the host. Theor Popul Biol 2014; 92:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
627
|
Tack AJM, Hakala J, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Laine AL. Genotype and spatial structure shape pathogen dispersal and disease dynamics at small spatial scales. Ecology 2014; 95:703-14. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0518.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
628
|
Bright moonlight triggers natal dispersal departures. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
629
|
Etherington TR, Perry GLW, Cowan PE, Clout MN. Quantifying the direct transfer costs of common brushtail possum dispersal using least-cost modelling: a combined cost-surface and accumulated-cost dispersal kernel approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88293. [PMID: 24505467 PMCID: PMC3914968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal costs need to be quantified from empirical data and incorporated into dispersal models to improve our understanding of the dispersal process. We are interested in quantifying how landscape features affect the immediately incurred direct costs associated with the transfer of an organism from one location to another. We propose that least-cost modelling is one method that can be used to quantify direct transfer costs. By representing the landscape as a cost-surface, which describes the costs associated with traversing different landscape features, least-cost modelling is often applied to measure connectivity between locations in accumulated-cost units that are a combination of both the distance travelled and the costs traversed. However, we take an additional step by defining an accumulated-cost dispersal kernel, which describes the probability of dispersal in accumulated-cost units. This novel combination of cost-surface and accumulated-cost dispersal kernel enables the transfer stage of dispersal to incorporate the effects of landscape features by modifying the direction of dispersal based on the cost-surface and the distance of dispersal based on the accumulated-cost dispersal kernel. We apply this approach to the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) within the North Island of New Zealand, demonstrating how commonly collected empirical dispersal data can be used to calibrate a cost-surface and associated accumulated-cost dispersal kernel. Our results indicate that considerable improvements could be made to the modelling of the transfer stage of possum dispersal by using a cost-surface and associated accumulated-cost dispersal kernel instead of a more traditional straight-line distance based dispersal kernel. We envisage a variety of ways in which the information from this novel combination of a cost-surface and accumulated-cost dispersal kernel could be gainfully incorporated into existing dispersal models. This would enable more realistic modelling of the direct transfer costs associated with the dispersal process, without requiring existing dispersal models to be abandoned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George L. W. Perry
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Mick N. Clout
- School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
630
|
Fronhofer EA, Stelz JM, Lutz E, Poethke HJ, Bonte D. SPATIALLY CORRELATED EXTINCTIONS SELECT FOR LESS EMIGRATION BUT LARGER DISPERSAL DISTANCES IN THE SPIDER MITETETRANYCHUS URTICAE. Evolution 2014; 68:1838-44. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel A. Fronhofer
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 133 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Jonas M. Stelz
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Eva Lutz
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Poethke
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach; University of Würzburg; Glashüttenstrasse 5 D-96181 Rauhenebrach Germany
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 BE-9000 Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
631
|
Mares R, Bateman A, English S, Clutton-Brock T, Young A. Timing of predispersal prospecting is influenced by environmental, social and state-dependent factors in meerkats. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
632
|
Delgado MM, Bartoń KA, Bonte D, Travis JMJ. Prospecting and dispersal: their eco-evolutionary dynamics and implications for population patterns. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132851. [PMID: 24452023 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is not a blind process, and evidence is accumulating that individual dispersal strategies are informed in most, if not all, organisms. The acquisition and use of information are traits that may evolve across space and time as a function of the balance between costs and benefits of informed dispersal. If information is available, individuals can potentially use it in making better decisions, thereby increasing their fitness. However, prospecting for and using information probably entail costs that may constrain the evolution of informed dispersal, potentially with population-level consequences. By using individual-based, spatially explicit simulations, we detected clear coevolutionary dynamics between prospecting and dispersal movement strategies that differed in sign and magnitude depending on their respective costs. More specifically, we found that informed dispersal strategies evolve when the costs of information acquisition during prospecting are low but only if there are mortality costs associated with dispersal movements. That is, selection favours informed dispersal strategies when the acquisition and use processes themselves were not too expensive. When non-informed dispersal strategies evolve, they do so jointly with the evolution of long dispersal distance because this maximizes the sampling area. In some cases, selection produces dispersal rules different from those that would be 'optimal' (i.e. the best possible population performance--in our context quantitatively measured as population density and patch occupancy--among all possible individual movement rules) for the population. That is, on the one hand, informed dispersal strategies led to population performance below its highest possible level. On the other hand, un- and poorly informed individuals nearly optimized population performance, both in terms of density and patch occupancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Delgado
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, , 00014, Finland, Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, , C.S.I.C., c/ Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, , Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK, Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, , Glashüttenstrasse 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, , K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
633
|
Agnarsson I, Cheng RC, Kuntner M. A multi-clade test supports the intermediate dispersal model of biogeography. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86780. [PMID: 24466238 PMCID: PMC3897756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogeography models typically focus on explaining patterns through island properties, such as size, complexity, age, and isolation. Such models explain variation in the richness of island biotas. Properties of the organisms themselves, such as their size, age, and dispersal abilities, in turn may explain which organisms come to occupy, and diversify across island archipelagos. Here, we restate and test the intermediate dispersal model (IDM) predicting peak diversity in clades of relatively intermediate dispersers. METHODOLOGY We test the model through a review of terrestrial and freshwater organisms in the western Indian Ocean examining the correlation among species richness and three potential explanatory variables: dispersal ability quantified as the number of estimated dispersal events, average body size for animals, and clade age. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the IDM with dispersal ability being the best predictor of regional diversity among the explored variables. We find a weaker relationship between diversity and clade age, but not body size. Principally, we find that richness strongly and positively correlates with dispersal ability in poor to good dispersers while a prior study found a strong decrease in richness with increased dispersal ability among excellent dispersers. Both studies therefore support the intermediate dispersal model, especially when considered together. We note that many additional variables not here considered are at play. For example, some taxa may lose dispersal ability subsequent to island colonization and some poor dispersers have reached high diversity through within island radiations. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the fundamental importance of dispersal ability in explaining patterns of biodiversity generation across islands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Ren-Chung Cheng
- Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., United States of America
- Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
634
|
Nanninga GB, Saenz-Agudelo P, Manica A, Berumen ML. Environmental gradients predict the genetic population structure of a coral reef fish in the Red Sea. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:591-602. [PMID: 24320929 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relatively recent fields of terrestrial landscape and marine seascape genetics seek to identify the influence of biophysical habitat features on the spatial genetic structure of populations or individuals. Over the last few years, there has been accumulating evidence for the effect of environmental heterogeneity on patterns of gene flow and connectivity in marine systems. Here, we investigate the population genetic patterns of an anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus, along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea. We collected nearly one thousand samples from 19 locations, spanning approximately 1500 km, and genotyped them at 38 microsatellite loci. Patterns of gene flow appeared to follow a stepping-stone model along the northern and central Red Sea, which was disrupted by a distinct genetic break at a latitude of approximately 19°N. The Red Sea is characterized by pronounced environmental gradients along its axis, roughly separating the northern and central from the southern basin. Using mean chlorophyll-a concentrations as a proxy for this gradient, we ran tests of isolation by distance (IBD, R(2) = 0.52) and isolation by environment (IBE, R(2) = 0.64), as well as combined models using partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression with randomization (MMRR). We found that genetic structure across our sampling sites may be best explained by a combined model of IBD and IBE (Mantel: R(2) = 0.71, MMRR: R(2) = 0.86). Our results highlight the potential key role of environmental patchiness in shaping patterns of gene flow in species with pelagic larval dispersal. We support growing calls for the integration of biophysical habitat characteristics into future studies of population genetic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit B Nanninga
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23599-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
635
|
Cotto O, Kubisch A, Ronce O. Optimal life-history strategy differs between philopatric and dispersing individuals in a metapopulation. Am Nat 2014; 183:384-93. [PMID: 24561601 DOI: 10.1086/675064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abundant empirical evidence for dispersal syndromes contrasts with the rarity of theoretical predictions about the evolution of life-history divergence between dispersing and philopatric individuals. We use an evolutionary model to predict optimal differences in age-specific reproductive effort between dispersing and philopatric individuals inhabiting the same metapopulation. In our model, only young individuals disperse, and their lifelong reproductive decisions are potentially affected by this initial event. Juvenile survival declines as density of adults and other juveniles increases. We assume a trade-off between reproduction and survival, so that different patterns of age-specific reproductive effort lead to different patterns of aging. We find that young immigrant mothers should allocate more resources to reproduction than young philopatric mothers, but these life-history differences vanish as immigrant and philopatric individuals get older. However, whether the higher early reproductive effort of immigrants results in higher fecundity depends on the postimmigration cost on fecundity. Dispersing individuals have consequently a shorter life span. Ultimately, these life-history differences are due to the fact that young dispersing individuals most often live in recently founded populations, where competition is relaxed and juvenile survival higher, favoring larger investment in offspring production at the expense of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cotto
- Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CC65, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
636
|
Saino N, Romano M, Scandolara C, Rubolini D, Ambrosini R, Caprioli M, Costanzo A, Romano A. Brownish, small and lousy barn swallows have greater natal dispersal propensity. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
637
|
Schellhorn NA, Bianchi FJJA, Hsu CL. Movement of entomophagous arthropods in agricultural landscapes: links to pest suppression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 59:559-581. [PMID: 24397523 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Entomophagous arthropods can provide valuable biological control services, but they need to fulfill their life cycle in agricultural landscapes often dominated by ephemeral and disturbed habitats. In this environment, movement is critical to escape from disturbances and to find resources scattered in space and time. Despite considerable research effort in documenting species movement and spatial distribution patterns, the quantification of arthropod movement has been hampered by their small size and the variety of modes of movement that can result in redistribution at different spatial scales. In addition, insight into how movement influences in-field population processes and the associated biocontrol services is limited because emigration and immigration are often confounded with local-scale population processes. More detailed measurements of the habitat functionality and movement processes are needed to better understand the interactions between species movement traits, disturbances, the landscape context, and the potential for entomophagous arthropods to suppress economically important pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Schellhorn
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, and Sustainable Agriculture Flagship, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
638
|
O’Sullivan D, Benton TG, Cameron TC. Inter-patch movement in an experimental system: the effects of life history and the environment. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
639
|
Therry L, Nilsson-Örtman V, Bonte D, Stoks R. Rapid evolution of larval life history, adult immune function and flight muscles in a poleward-moving damselfly. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:141-52. [PMID: 24313892 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although a growing number of studies have documented the evolution of adult dispersal-related traits at the range edge of poleward-expanding species, we know little about evolutionary changes in immune function or traits expressed by nondispersing larvae. We investigated differentiation in larval (growth and development) and adult traits (immune function and flight-related traits) between replicated core and edge populations of the poleward-moving damselfly Coenagrion scitulum. These traits were measured on individuals reared in a common garden experiment at two different food levels, as allocation trade-offs may be easier to detect under energy shortage. Edge individuals had a faster larval life history (growth and development rates), a higher adult immune function and a nearly significant higher relative flight muscle mass. Most of the differentiation between core and edge populations remained and edge populations had a higher relative flight muscle mass when corrected for latitude-specific thermal regimes, and hence could likely be attributed to the range expansion process per se. We here for the first time document a higher immune function in individuals at the expansion front of a poleward-expanding species and documented the rarely investigated evolution of faster life histories during range expansion. The rapid multivariate evolution in these ecological relevant traits between edge and core populations is expected to translate into changed ecological interactions and therefore has the potential to generate novel eco-evolutionary dynamics at the expansion front.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Therry
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Nilsson-Örtman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
640
|
Prunier JG, Kaufmann B, Léna JP, Fenet S, Pompanon F, Joly P. A 40-year-old divided highway does not prevent gene flow in the alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
641
|
McTavish MJ, Basiliko N, Sackett TE. Environmental factors influencing immigration behaviour of the invasive earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ecological threats posed to northeastern North American forests by the invasive earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L., 1758 (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae), the dispersal behaviour of this organism is poorly understood. This study investigated how environmental conditions influence the immigration behaviour of L. terrestris. Experimental mesocosms were used to test for differences in burrow establishment depending on leaf-litter type (sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) or white pine (Pinus strobus L.)) or the background population density of conspecifics (0, 25, or 100 m−2). Choice chambers were used to test for selection between habitat conditions. Video recording was used to measure the latency between introduction and establishment. A significantly greater proportion of individuals established burrows in the presence of maple over pine litter, although this preference did not result in a significant difference in latency. For higher population density treatments, the time since establishment of the background population of conspecifics had a significant effect on earthworm habitat selection, with an increasing preference for the high-density habitat over time. Population density had a significant effect on latency, with greater latency under low-density conditions. These results suggest that L. terrestris detects differences in litter type and conspecific population density and modifies its immigration behaviour accordingly. Findings may be useful in predicting and responding to future dispersal patterns of this invader.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McTavish
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Geography, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Tara E. Sackett
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
642
|
Duplouy A, Ikonen S, Hanski I. Life history of the Glanville fritillary butterfly in fragmented versus continuous landscapes. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5141-56. [PMID: 24455144 PMCID: PMC3892324 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation threaten the long-term viability of innumerable species of plants and animals. At the same time, habitat fragmentation may impose strong natural selection and lead to evolution of life histories with possible consequences for demographic dynamics. The Baltic populations of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) inhabit regions with highly fragmented habitat (networks of small dry meadows) as well as regions with extensive continuous habitat (calcareous alvar grasslands). Here, we report the results of common garden studies on butterflies originating from two highly fragmented landscapes (FL) in Finland and Sweden and from two continuous landscapes (CL) in Sweden and Estonia, conducted in a large outdoor cage (32 by 26 m) and in the laboratory. We investigated a comprehensive set of 51 life-history traits, including measures of larval growth and development, flight performance, and adult reproductive behavior. Seventeen of the 51 traits showed a significant difference between fragmented versus CL. Most notably, the growth rate of postdiapause larvae and several measures of flight capacity, including flight metabolic rate, were higher in butterflies from fragmented than CL. Females from CL had shorter intervals between consecutive egg clutches and somewhat higher life-time egg production, but shorter longevity, than females from FL. These results are likely to reflect the constant opportunities for oviposition in females living in continuous habitats, while the more dispersive females from FL allocate more resources to dispersal capacity at the cost of egg maturation rate. This study supports theoretical predictions about small population sizes and high rate of population turnover in fragmented habitats selecting for increased rate of dispersal, but the results also indicate that many other life-history traits apart from dispersal are affected by the degree of habitat fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duplouy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Suvi Ikonen
- Lammi Biological Station Lammi, FI-16900, Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
643
|
Saastamoinen M, Rantala MJ. Influence of developmental conditions on immune function and dispersal-related traits in the Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) butterfly. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81289. [PMID: 24278412 PMCID: PMC3838396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms in the wild are constantly faced with a wide range of environmental variability, such as fluctuation in food availability. Poor nutritional conditions influence life-histories via individual resource allocation patterns, and trade-offs between competing traits. In this study, we assessed the influence of food restriction during development on the energetically expensive traits flight metabolic rate (proxy of dispersal ability), encapsulation rate (proxy of immune defence), and lifespan using the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia, as a model organism. Additionally, we examined the direct costs of flight on individual immune function, and whether those costs increase under restricted environmental conditions. We found that nutritional restriction during development enhanced adult encapsulations rate, but reduced both resting and flight metabolic rates. However, at the individual level metabolic rates were not associated with encapsulation rate. Interestingly, individuals that were forced to fly prior to the immune assays had higher encapsulation rates than individuals that had not flown, suggesting that flying itself enhances immune response. Finally, in the control group encapsulation rate correlated positively with lifespan, whereas in the nutritional restriction group there was no relationship between these traits, suggesting that the association between encapsulation rate on adult lifespan was condition-dependent. Thus stressful events during both larval development (food limitation) and adulthood (forced flight) induce increased immune response in the adult butterflies, which may allow individuals to cope with stressful events later on in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Saastamoinen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
644
|
Scandolara C, Lardelli R, Sgarbi G, Caprioli M, Ambrosini R, Rubolini D, Saino N. Context-, phenotype-, and kin-dependent natal dispersal of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
645
|
Hargreaves AL, Eckert CG. Evolution of dispersal and mating systems along geographic gradients: implications for shifting ranges. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
646
|
Reaching the ball or missing the flight? Collective dispersal in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77573. [PMID: 24143242 PMCID: PMC3797074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite is a worldwide phytophagous pest displaying a peculiar dispersal. At high density, when plants are exhausted, individuals gather at the plant apex to form a collective silk-ball. This structure can be dispersed by wind or phoresy. Individuals initiating the ball are enclosed in the centre and have a high risk to die. For the first time, the ultimate and proximate mechanisms leading to this group dispersal are examined. To explore if a particular mite genotype was involved in the ball formation, plants were infested with individuals of different genetic background. After the silk-ball formation, the mites in the ball and those remaining on the plant were collected and genotyped. The balls were harvested after 4h and 24h to determine the role of timing between the formation and dispersal on the mortality of mites. Mites do not segregate according to their degree of relatedness, stage, or sex. Mites parallel humans using public transportation: they climb up in the ball whatever their genetic background. Silk-balls composed of unrelated individuals may help avoiding inbreeding when colonizing a new plant. Our results also emphasize the importance of an adequate timing for efficient dispersal between the time spent between ball formation and dispersal.
Collapse
|
647
|
Taylor TB, Rodrigues AMM, Gardner A, Buckling A. The social evolution of dispersal with public goods cooperation. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2644-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. B. Taylor
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | | | - A. Gardner
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Balliol College, University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- School of Biology; University of St Andrews; St Andrews UK
| | - A. Buckling
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Biosciences; University of Exeter; Penryn UK
| |
Collapse
|
648
|
Martorell C, Martínez-López M. Informed dispersal in plants:Heterosperma pinnatum(Asteraceae) adjusts its dispersal mode to escape from competition and water stress. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
649
|
De Roissart A, Peña EDL, Van Oyen L, Van Leeuwen T, Ballhorn DJ, Bonte D. The presence of root-feeding nematodes – Not AMF – Affects an herbivore dispersal strategy. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
650
|
Kubisch A, Holt RD, Poethke HJ, Fronhofer EA. Where am I and why? Synthesizing range biology and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|