601
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Amitay EL, Werner S, Vital M, Pieper DH, Höfler D, Gierse IJ, Butt J, Balavarca Y, Cuk K, Brenner H. Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer: causal factor or passenger? Results from a large colorectal cancer screening study. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:781-788. [PMID: 28582482 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in both men and women. The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as having an important role in human health and disease. Fusobacterium has been identified in former studies as a leading gut bacterium associated with colorectal cancer, but it is still not clear if it plays an oncogenic role. In the current study, fecal samples were collected prior to bowel preparation from participants of screening colonoscopy in the German BliTz study. Using 16S rRNA gene analysis, we examined the presence and relative abundance of Fusobacterium in fecal samples from 500 participants, including 46, 113, 110 and 231 individuals with colorectal cancer, advanced adenomas, non-advanced adenomas and without any neoplasms, respectively. We found that the abundance of Fusobacterium in feces was strongly associated with the presence of colorectal cancer (P-value < 0.0001). This was confirmed by PCR at the species level for Fusobacterium nucleatum. However, no association was seen with the presence of advanced adenomas (P-value = 0.80) or non-advanced adenomas (P-value = 0.80), nor were there any associations observed with dietary or lifestyle habits. Although a causal role cannot be ruled out, our observations, based on fecal microbiome, support the hypothesis that Fusobacterium is a passenger that multiplies in the more favorable conditions caused by the malignant tumor rather than a causal factor in colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat L Amitay
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Simone Werner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Daniela Höfler
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Indra-Jasmin Gierse
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yesilda Balavarca
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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602
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Chen J, Pitmon E, Wang K. Microbiome, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:43-53. [PMID: 28982615 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of multiple cancers, including those of the colon. Inflammation in the gut induces carcinogenic mutagenesis and promotes colorectal cancer initiation. Additionally, myeloid and lymphoid cells infiltrate established tumors and propagate so called "tumor-elicited inflammation", which in turn favors cancer development by supporting the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition to the interaction between cancer cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells, the gut also hosts trillions of bacteria and other microbes, whose roles in colorectal inflammation and cancer have only been appreciated in the past decade or so. Commensal and pathobiotic bacteria promote colorectal cancer development by exploiting tumor surface barrier defects following cancer initiation, by invading normal colonic tissue and inducing local inflammation, and by generating genotoxicity against colonic epithelial cells to accelerate their oncogenic transformation. On the other hand, a balanced population of microbiota is important for the prevention of colorectal cancer due to their roles in providing certain bacterial metabolites and inhibiting intestinal inflammation. In this review we summarize our current knowledge regarding the link between microbiota, inflammation, and colorectal cancer, and aim to delineate the mechanisms by which gut microbiome and inflammatory cytokines regulate colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Elise Pitmon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States.
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603
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Abstract
Recently, several lines of evidence that indicate a strong link between the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and aspects of the gut microbiota have become apparent. However, it remains unclear how changes in the gut microbiota might influence carcinogenesis or how regional organization of the gut might influence the microbiota. In this review, we discuss several leading theories that connect gut microbial dysbiosis with CRC and set this against a backdrop of what is known about proximal-distal gut physiology and the pathways of CRC development and progression. Finally, we discuss the potential for gut microbial modulation therapies, for example, probiotics, antibiotics, and others, to target and improve gut microbial dysbiosis as a strategy for the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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604
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陆 颖, 曾 悦, 胡 国, 王 兴. [High-throughput sequencing for analysis of structural change of intestinal microbiota in patients with colorectal adenoma]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1156-1163. [PMID: 28951355 PMCID: PMC6765500 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the taxonomic richness and diversity of gut microbiota in patients with colorectal adenoma and elucidate the role of gut microorganisms in precancerous lesions in the colon and rectum. METHOD Adenomatous tissues from 31 patients with colorectal adenoma and normal intestinal mucosal tissues from 20 healthy control subjects were collected through colonoscopy. The total bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 hypervariable region in bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. RESULTS Patients with colorectal adenomas had a higher alpha diversity and richness indices compared to the healthy controls (P<0.01). The mucosal microbiota in colorectal adenoma tissue showed a distinctive structural difference from that in normal intestinal mucosal tissues. At the phylum level, a large decrease in Firmicutes with concomitant relative expansion of Proteobacteria was observed in patients with colorectal adenomas, resulting in a significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P<0.01). At the genus level, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were enriched whereas Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Solibacillus were reduced obviously in the preneoplastic tissues (P<0.01). We also found a similar gut microbiome composition between low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; the ratio of Escherichia-Shigella tended to increase in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, but this change was not statistically significant (P%0.28). CONCLUSION Significant changes in the structure of the intestinal flora occur in patients with colorectal adenomas, indicating that the association of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota with the occurrence of a pro-oncogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- 颖影 陆
- />南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化内科,上海 201620Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 悦 曾
- />南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化内科,上海 201620Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 国勇 胡
- />南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化内科,上海 201620Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 兴鹏 王
- />南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化内科,上海 201620Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
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605
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Raskov H, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC. Linking Gut Microbiota to Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:3378-3395. [PMID: 29151921 PMCID: PMC5687151 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical data produce mounting evidence that the microbiota is strongly associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis may change the course of carcinogenesis as microbial actions seem to impact genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to dysplasia, clonal expansion and malignant transformation. Initiation and promotion of colorectal cancer may result from direct bacterial actions, bacterial metabolites and inflammatory pathways. Newer aspects of microbiota and colorectal cancer include quorum sensing, biofilm formation, sidedness and effects/countereffects of microbiota and probiotics on chemotherapy. In the future, targeting the microbiota will probably be a powerful weapon in the battle against CRC as gut microbiology, genomics and metabolomics promise to uncover important linkages between microbiota and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Raskov
- Speciallægecentret ved Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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606
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Yamamura K, Baba Y, Miyake K, Nakamura K, Shigaki H, Mima K, Kurashige J, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Sakamoto Y, Yamashita Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Fusobacterium nucleatum in gastroenterological cancer: Evaluation of measurement methods using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a literature review. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6373-6378. [PMID: 29151903 PMCID: PMC5678348 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome Fusobacterium nucleatum, which primarily inhabits the oral cavity, causes periodontal disease and has also been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. However, whether F. nucleatum is present in other gastroenterological cancer tissues remains to be elucidated. The present study evaluated whether quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were able to detect F. nucleatum DNA and measure the quantity of F. nucleatum DNA in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic and liver cancer tissues. The accuracy of the qPCR assay was determined from a calibration curve using DNA extracted from cells from the oral cavity. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues from 20 patients with gastroenterological [esophageal (squamous cell carcinoma), gastric, colorectal, pancreatic and liver] cancer and 20 matched normal tissues were evaluated for F. nucleatum DNA content. The cycle threshold values in the qPCR assay for F. nucleatum and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (reference sample) decreased linearly with the quantity of input DNA (r2>0.99). The F. nucleatum detection rate in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer tissues were 20% (4/20), 10% (2/20) and 45% (9/20), respectively. F. nucleatum was not detected in liver and pancreatic cancer tissues. The qPCR results from the frozen and FFPE tissues were consistent. Notably, F. nucleatum was detected at a higher level in superficial areas compared with the invasive areas. F. nucleatum in esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer tissues was evaluated by qPCR using FFPE tissues. F. nucleatum may be involved in the development of esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hironobu Shigaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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607
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Eklöf V, Löfgren-Burström A, Zingmark C, Edin S, Larsson P, Karling P, Alexeyev O, Rutegård J, Wikberg ML, Palmqvist R. Cancer-associated fecal microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2528-2536. [PMID: 28833079 PMCID: PMC5697688 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the western world. An effective screening program leading to early detection of disease would severely reduce the mortality of CRC. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to CRC, but the potential of microbial markers for use in CRC screening has been largely unstudied. We used a nested case–control study of 238 study subjects to explore the use of microbial markers for clbA+ bacteria harboring the pks pathogenicity island, afa‐C+ diffusely adherent Escherichia coli harboring the afa‐1 operon, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool as potential screening markers for CRC. We found that individual markers for clbA+ bacteria and F. nucleatum were more abundant in stool of patients with CRC, and could predict cancer with a relatively high specificity (81.5% and 76.9%, respectively) and with a sensitivity of 56.4% and 69.2%, respectively. In a combined test of clbA+ bacteria and F. nucleatum, CRC was detected with a specificity of 63.1% and a sensitivity of 84.6%. Our findings support a potential value of microbial factors in stool as putative noninvasive biomarkers for CRC detection. We propose that microbial markers may represent an important future screening strategy for CRC, selecting patients with a “high‐risk” microbial pattern to other further diagnostic procedures such as colonoscopy. What's new? Nobody looks forward to a colonoscopy, and now a pair of telltale bacteria could help people avoid them. Researchers know that microbial changes occur in colorectal cancer, and have hoped these microbial changes could provide less invasive screening tools to detect tumors. These authors conducted a nested case–control study investigating 3 bacterial markers in 238 patients. Two of the markers, clbA+ bacteria and Fusobacterium nucleatum, successfully predicted colorectal cancer with high sensitivity, particularly when tested together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincy Eklöf
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Carl Zingmark
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Edin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Larsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pontus Karling
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oleg Alexeyev
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Rutegård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria L Wikberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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608
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Guo SH, Wang HF, Nian ZG, Wang YD, Zeng QY, Zhang G. Immunization with alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C reduces Fusobacterium nucleatum load in the intestinal tract. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10566. [PMID: 28874771 PMCID: PMC5585165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is an important tumour-associated bacterium in colorectal cancer (CRC). The antioxidant protein alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC) can induce strong antibacterial immune response during various pathogen infections. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Fn-AhpC as a candidate vaccine. In this work, by western blot analysis, we showed that Fn-AhpC recombinant protein could be recognized specifically by antibodies present in the sera of CRC patients; using the mouse Fn-infection model, we observed that systemic prophylactic immunization with AhpC/alum conferred significant protection against infection in 77.3% of mice. In addition, we measured the anti-AhpC antibody level in the sera of CRC patients and found that there was no obvious increase of anti-AhpC antibodies in the early-stage CRC group. Furthermore, we treated Fn with the sera from both immunized mice and CRC patients and found that sera with high anti-AhpC antibodies titre could inhibit Fn growth. In conclusion, our findings support the use of AhpC as a potential vaccine candidate against inhabitation or infection of Fn in the intestinal tract, which could provide a practical strategy for the prevention of CRC associated with Fn infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-He Guo
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Fang Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Nian
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Dan Wang
- Department of School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yao Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University cancer center, Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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609
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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention: A Review of Potential Mechanisms and Promising Targets for Future Research. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2017; 13:429-439. [PMID: 29333111 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-017-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. Emerging data have implicated the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. Diet is a major determinant for the gut microbial structure and function. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that alterations in gut microbes and their metabolites may contribute to the influence of diet on the development of colorectal cancer. We review several major dietary factors that have been linked to gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, including major dietary patterns, fiber, red meat and sulfur, and obesity. Most of the epidemiologic evidence derives from cross-sectional or short-term, highly controlled feeding studies that are limited in size. Therefore, high-quality large-scale prospective studies with dietary data collected over the life course and comprehensive gut microbial composition and function assessed well prior to neoplastic occurrence are critically needed to identify microbiome-based interventions that may complement or optimize current diet-based strategies for colorectal cancer prevention and management.
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610
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Koi M, Carethers JM. The colorectal cancer immune microenvironment and approach to immunotherapies. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1633-1647. [PMID: 28829193 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Koi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M Carethers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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611
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Zanzoni A, Spinelli L, Braham S, Brun C. Perturbed human sub-networks by Fusobacterium nucleatum candidate virulence proteins. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:89. [PMID: 28793925 PMCID: PMC5551000 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobic species residing in the oral cavity and implicated in several inflammatory processes in the human body. Although F. nucleatum abundance is increased in inflammatory bowel disease subjects and is prevalent in colorectal cancer patients, the causal role of the bacterium in gastrointestinal disorders and the mechanistic details of host cell functions subversion are not fully understood. RESULTS We devised a computational strategy to identify putative secreted F. nucleatum proteins (FusoSecretome) and to infer their interactions with human proteins based on the presence of host molecular mimicry elements. FusoSecretome proteins share similar features with known bacterial virulence factors thereby highlighting their pathogenic potential. We show that they interact with human proteins that participate in infection-related cellular processes and localize in established cellular districts of the host-pathogen interface. Our network-based analysis identified 31 functional modules in the human interactome preferentially targeted by 138 FusoSecretome proteins, among which we selected 26 as main candidate virulence proteins, representing both putative and known virulence proteins. Finally, six of the preferentially targeted functional modules are implicated in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our computational analysis identified candidate virulence proteins potentially involved in the F. nucleatum-human cross-talk in the context of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zanzoni
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France.
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France
| | - Shérazade Braham
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Brun
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
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612
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Yu T, Guo F, Yu Y, Sun T, Ma D, Han J, Qian Y, Kryczek I, Sun D, Nagarsheth N, Chen Y, Chen H, Hong J, Zou W, Fang JY. Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Modulating Autophagy. Cell 2017; 170:548-563.e16. [PMID: 28753429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1242] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota are linked to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Chemotherapy failure is the major cause of recurrence and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Here, we investigated the contribution of gut microbiota to chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. We found that Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum was abundant in colorectal cancer tissues in patients with recurrence post chemotherapy, and was associated with patient clinicopathological characterisitcs. Furthermore, our bioinformatic and functional studies demonstrated that F. nucleatum promoted colorectal cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum targeted TLR4 and MYD88 innate immune signaling and specific microRNAs to activate the autophagy pathway and alter colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic response. Thus, F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network of the Toll-like receptor, microRNAs, and autophagy to clinically, biologically, and mechanistically control colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum and its associated pathway will yield valuable insight into clinical management and may ameliorate colorectal cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaChung Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Danfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China; Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Nisha Nagarsheth
- Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Graduate programs in Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
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613
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Xingqun C, Xin X, Xuedong Z. [Relationship between oral and gut microbes]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:322-327. [PMID: 28675020 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity and gut are important parts of the human digestive tract. The structure and pathogenesis of oral and gut microbial communities have been extensively investigated. The interaction and pathogenic effects of oral and gut microbiota have also been widely explored. This review aimed to integrate data from literature and discuss the structures and functions of microbial communities in the oral cavity and gut. The mutual colonization and pathogenesis of oral and gut microbes and the relationship between these phenomena and involved systemic diseases are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xingqun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhou Xuedong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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614
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Wong SH, Kwong TNY, Chow TC, Luk AKC, Dai RZW, Nakatsu G, Lam TYT, Zhang L, Wu JCY, Chan FKL, Ng SSM, Wong MCS, Ng SC, Wu WKK, Yu J, Sung JJY. Quantitation of faecal Fusobacterium improves faecal immunochemical test in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia. Gut 2017; 66:1441-1448. [PMID: 27797940 PMCID: PMC5530471 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for an improved biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma. We evaluated faecal microbial markers for clinical use in detecting CRC and advanced adenoma. DESIGN We measured relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa) and Parvimonas micra (Pm) by quantitative PCR in 309 subjects, including 104 patients with CRC, 103 patients with advanced adenoma and 102 controls. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers with respect to faecal immunochemical test (FIT), and validated the results in an independent cohort of 181 subjects. RESULTS The abundance was higher for all three individual markers in patients with CRC than controls (p<0.001), and for marker Fn in patients with advanced adenoma than controls (p=0.022). The marker Fn, when combined with FIT, showed superior sensitivity (92.3% vs 73.1%, p<0.001) and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.95 vs 0.86, p<0.001) than stand-alone FIT in detecting CRC in the same patient cohort. This combined test also increased the sensitivity (38.6% vs 15.5%, p<0.001) and AUC (0.65 vs 0.57, p=0.007) for detecting advanced adenoma. The performance gain for both CRC and advanced adenoma was confirmed in the validation cohort (p=0.0014 and p=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study identified marker Fn as a valuable marker to improve diagnostic performance of FIT, providing a complementary role to detect lesions missed by FIT alone. This simple approach may improve the clinical utility of the current FIT, and takes one step further towards a non-invasive, potentially more accurate and affordable diagnosis of advanced colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Thomas N Y Kwong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Cheong Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur K C Luk
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudin Z W Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Y T Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Justin C Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon S M Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin C S Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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615
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Masugi Y, Nishihara R, Yang J, Mima K, da Silva A, Shi Y, Inamura K, Cao Y, Song M, Nowak JA, Liao X, Nosho K, Chan AT, Giannakis M, Bass AJ, Hodi FS, Freeman GJ, Rodig S, Fuchs CS, Qian ZR, Ogino S. Tumour CD274 (PD-L1) expression and T cells in colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1463-1473. [PMID: 27196573 PMCID: PMC5097696 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that CD274 (programmed death-ligand 1, B7-H1) immune checkpoint ligand repress antitumour immunity through its interaction with the PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) receptor of T lymphocytes in various tumours. We hypothesised that tumour CD274 expression levels might be inversely associated with T-cell densities in colorectal carcinoma tissue. DESIGN We evaluated tumour CD274 expression by immunohistochemistry in 823 rectal and colon cancer cases within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We conducted multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to examine the association of tumour CD274 expression with CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ or FOXP3+ cell density in tumour tissue, controlling for potential confounders including tumour status of microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation level and KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. RESULTS CD274 expression in tumour cells or stromal cells (including immune cells) was detected in 731 (89%) or 44 (5%) cases, respectively. Tumour CD274 expression level correlated inversely with FOXP3+ cell density in colorectal cancer tissue (outcome) (ptrend=0.0002). For a unit increase in outcome quartile categories, multivariable OR in the highest (vs lowest) CD274 expression score was 0.22 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.47). Tumour CD274 expression was inversely associated with MSI-high status (p=0.001). CD274 expression was not significantly associated with CD3+, CD8+ or CD45RO+ cell density, pathological lymphocytic reactions or patient survival prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Tumour CD274 expression is inversely associated with FOXP3+ cell density in colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting a possible influence of CD274-expressing carcinoma cells on regulatory T cells in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juhong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics,
Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin
Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation For
Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of
Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical
Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of
Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
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616
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Mima K, Ogino S, Nakagawa S, Sawayama H, Kinoshita K, Krashima R, Ishimoto T, Imai K, Iwatsuki M, Hashimoto D, Baba Y, Sakamoto Y, Yamashita YI, Yoshida N, Chikamoto A, Ishiko T, Baba H. The role of intestinal bacteria in the development and progression of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:368-376. [PMID: 29113654 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 trillion microorganisms inhabit the human intestinal tract and play important roles in health conditions and diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that specific bacteria and bacterial dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract can potentiate the development and progression of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, producing tumor-promoting metabolites such as secondary bile acids, and suppressing antitumor immunity. Other bacterial species have been shown to produce short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, which can suppress inflammation and carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. Consistent with these lines of evidence, clinical studies using metagenomic analyses have shown associations of specific bacteria and bacterial dysbiosis with gastrointestinal tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Emerging data demonstrate that intestinal bacteria can modulate the efficacy of cancer chemotherapies and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 therapies, the process of absorption, and the occurrence of complications after gastrointestinal surgery. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence tumor development and progression in the intestine would provide opportunities to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers by targeting the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Krashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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617
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While cancer is largely considered to be a disease of genetic and environmental factors, increasing evidence has demonstrated a role for the microbiota (the microorganisms associated with the human body) in shaping inflammatory environments and promoting tumor growth and spread. Herein, we discuss both human data from meta'omics analyses and data from mechanistic studies in cell culture and animal models that support specific bacterial agents as potentiators of tumorigenesis-including Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli. Further, we consider how microbes can be used in diagnosing colorectal cancer and manipulating the tumor environment to encourage better patient outcomes in response to immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Brennan
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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618
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Mehta RS, Nishihara R, Cao Y, Song M, Mima K, Qian ZR, Nowak JA, Kosumi K, Hamada T, Masugi Y, Bullman S, Drew DA, Kostic AD, Fung TT, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Wu K, Meyerhardt JA, Zhang X, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Ogino S. Association of Dietary Patterns With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Subtypes Classified by Fusobacterium nucleatum in Tumor Tissue. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3:921-927. [PMID: 28125762 PMCID: PMC5502000 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.6374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fusobacterium nucleatum appears to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis through suppression of the hosts' immune response to tumor. Evidence also suggests that diet influences intestinal F nucleatum. However, the role of F nucleatum in mediating the relationship between diet and the risk of colorectal cancer is unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the associations of prudent diets (rich in whole grains and dietary fiber) and Western diets (rich in red and processed meat, refined grains, and desserts) with colorectal cancer risk may differ according to the presence of F nucleatum in tumor tissue. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Nurses' Health Study (June 1, 1980, to June 1, 2012) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (June 1, 1986, to June 1, 2012) on a total of 121 700 US female nurses and 51 529 US male health professionals aged 30 to 55 years and 40 to 75 years, respectively (both predominantly white individuals), at enrollment. Data analysis was performed from March 15, 2015, to August 10, 2016. EXPOSURES Prudent and Western diets. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence of colorectal carcinoma subclassified by F nucleatum status in tumor tissue, determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Of the 173 229 individuals considered for the study, 137 217 were included in the analysis, 47 449 were male (34.6%), and mean (SD) baseline age for men was 54.0 (9.8) years and for women, 46.3 (7.2) years. A total of 1019 incident colon and rectal cancer cases with available F nucleatum data were documented over 26 to 32 years of follow-up, encompassing 3 643 562 person-years. The association of prudent diet with colorectal cancer significantly differed by tissue F nucleatum status (P = .01 for heterogeneity); prudent diet score was associated with a lower risk of F nucleatum-positive cancers (P = .003 for trend; multivariable hazard ratio of 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.72, for the highest vs the lowest prudent score quartile) but not with F nucleatum-negative cancers (P = .47 for trend, the corresponding multivariable hazard ratio of 0.95; 95% CI, 0.77-1.17). There was no significant heterogeneity between the subgroups in relation to Western dietary pattern scores. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Prudent diets rich in whole grains and dietary fiber are associated with a lower risk for F nucleatum-positive colorectal cancer but not F nucleatum-negative cancer, supporting a potential role for intestinal microbiota in mediating the association between diet and colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj S Mehta
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston2Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts5Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge6Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts7Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts8Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts9Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston2Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston6Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston2Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston6Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston2Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Program in Dietetics, Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge9Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts11Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts12Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts7Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts12Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts12Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston2Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston5Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge12Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts7Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts9Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts13Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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619
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Abstract
Decades of studies have shown that epigenetic alterations play a significant role on cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. However, considering that many cancers harbor mutations at epigenetic modifier genes and that transcription factor-mediated gene regulations are tightly coupled with epigenetic modifications, the majority of epigenetic alterations in cancers could be the consequence of the dysfunction or dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers caused by genetic abnormalities. Therefore, it remains unclear whether bona fide epigenetic abnormalities have causal roles on cancer development. Reprogramming technologies enable us to actively alter epigenetic regulations while preserving genomic information. Taking advantage, recent studies have provided in vivo evidence for the significant impact of epigenetic abnormalities on the initiation, maintenance and progression of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ito
- Center for iPS Cell Research & Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Center for iPS Cell Research & Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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620
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Nishihara R, Glass K, Mima K, Hamada T, Nowak JA, Qian ZR, Kraft P, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Quackenbush J, Ogino S, Onnela JP. Biomarker correlation network in colorectal carcinoma by tumor anatomic location. BMC Bioinformatics 2017. [PMID: 28623901 PMCID: PMC5474023 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal carcinoma evolves through a multitude of molecular events including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and aberrant protein expression, influenced by host immune reactions. One way to interrogate the complex carcinogenic process and interactions between aberrant events is to model a biomarker correlation network. Such a network analysis integrates multidimensional tumor biomarker data to identify key molecular events and pathways that are central to an underlying biological process. Due to embryological, physiological, and microbial differences, proximal and distal colorectal cancers have distinct sets of molecular pathological signatures. Given these differences, we hypothesized that a biomarker correlation network might vary by tumor location. Results We performed network analyses of 54 biomarkers, including major mutational events, microsatellite instability (MSI), epigenetic features, protein expression status, and immune reactions using data from 1380 colorectal cancer cases: 690 cases with proximal colon cancer and 690 cases with distal colorectal cancer matched by age and sex. Edges were defined by statistically significant correlations between biomarkers using Spearman correlation analyses. We found that the proximal colon cancer network formed a denser network (total number of edges, n = 173) than the distal colorectal cancer network (n = 95) (P < 0.0001 in permutation tests). The value of the average clustering coefficient was 0.50 in the proximal colon cancer network and 0.30 in the distal colorectal cancer network, indicating the greater clustering tendency of the proximal colon cancer network. In particular, MSI was a key hub, highly connected with other biomarkers in proximal colon cancer, but not in distal colorectal cancer. Among patients with non-MSI-high cancer, BRAF mutation status emerged as a distinct marker with higher connectivity in the network of proximal colon cancer, but not in distal colorectal cancer. Conclusion In proximal colon cancer, tumor biomarkers tended to be correlated with each other, and MSI and BRAF mutation functioned as key molecular characteristics during the carcinogenesis. Our findings highlight the importance of considering multiple correlated pathways for therapeutic targets especially in proximal colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1718-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nishihara
- Program of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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621
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Gao R, Kong C, Huang L, Li H, Qu X, Liu Z, Lan P, Wang J, Qin H. Mucosa-associated microbiota signature in colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2073-2083. [PMID: 28600626 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the gut microbiota profiles of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to examine the relationship between gut microbiota and other key molecular factors involved in CRC tumorigenesis. In this study, a 16S rDNA sequencing platform was used to identify possible differences in the microbiota signature between CRC and adjacent normal mucosal tissue. Differences in the microbiota composition in different anatomical colorectal tumor sites and their potential association with KRAS mutation were also explored. In this study, the number of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased, while the number of Fusobacteria increased in the gut of CRC patients. In addition, at the genus level, Fusobacterium was identified as the key contributor to CRC tumorigenesis. In addition, a different distribution of gut microbiota in ascending and descending colon cancer samples was observed. Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis-associated microbial genes were enriched in tumor tissues. Our study suggests that specific mucosa-associated microbiota signature and function are significantly changed in the gut of CRC patients, which may provide insight into the progression of CRC. These findings could also be of value in the creation of new prevention and treatment strategies for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Kong
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Li
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Qu
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of GI Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - P Lan
- Department of GI Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of GI Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Qin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchang Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, China.
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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622
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Park HE, Kim JH, Cho NY, Lee HS, Kang GH. Intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance correlates with macrophage infiltration and CDKN2A methylation in microsatellite-unstable colorectal carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:329-336. [PMID: 28597080 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a specific species of gut microbiota, has been suggested to be enriched in the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) molecular subtype of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). However, the clinicopathologic and molecular factors that interact with Fn in MSI-H CRCs are poorly understood. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA gene DNA sequence of Fn was quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in tumor DNA samples from a total of 160 surgically resected MSI-H CRC tissues. Each case was classified into one of the three categories based on the Fn DNA amount: Fn-high, Fn-low, and Fn-negative. The clinicopathologic and molecular associations of Fn in MSI-H CRCs were statistically analyzed. Among the 160 MSI-H CRC samples, 15 (9%), 92 (58%), and 53 (33%) cases were Fn-high, Fn-low, and Fn-negative, respectively. Compared with Fn-low/negative tumors, Fn-high MSI-H CRCs were significantly associated with a high density of CD68+ tumor-infiltrating macrophages (P = 0.019) and promoter CpG island hypermethylation of the CDKN2A (p16) gene (P = 0.008). There were also tendencies toward associations of Fn-high with the BRAF V600E mutation (P = 0.047) and active Crohn-like lymphoid reactions (P = 0.052) in MSI-H CRCs. However, Fn-high was not significantly associated with CD3+ T cell density, CD163+ M2 macrophage density or PD-L1 expression status. In conclusion, high amounts of intratumoral Fn are correlated with increased macrophage infiltration and CDKN2A promoter methylation in MSI-H CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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623
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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624
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Abstract
Evidence is growing that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs, with three main clinical outcomes: facilitation of drug efficacy; abrogation and compromise of anticancer effects; and mediation of toxicity. The implication is that gut microbiota are critical to the development of personalized cancer treatment strategies and, therefore, a greater insight into prokaryotic co-metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs is now required. This thinking is based on evidence from human, animal and in vitro studies that gut bacteria are intimately linked to the pharmacological effects of chemotherapies (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate) and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-PD-L1 and anti-CLTA-4 therapies. The gut microbiota modulate these agents through key mechanisms, structured as the 'TIMER' mechanistic framework: Translocation, Immunomodulation, Metabolism, Enzymatic degradation, and Reduced diversity and ecological variation. The gut microbiota can now, therefore, be targeted to improve efficacy and reduce the toxicity of current chemotherapy agents. In this Review, we outline the implications of pharmacomicrobiomics in cancer therapeutics and define how the microbiota might be modified in clinical practice to improve efficacy and reduce the toxic burden of these compounds.
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625
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Mima K, Nakagawa S, Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Imai K, Iwatsuki M, Hashimoto D, Baba Y, Yamashita YI, Yoshida N, Chikamoto A, Baba H. The microbiome and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:9-15. [PMID: 28527946 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome encompasses at least 100 trillion microorganisms that can influence host immunity and disease conditions, including cancer. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers have been associated with poor prognosis owing to their high level of tumor invasiveness, distant metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence from animal models suggests that specific microbes and microbial dysbiosis can potentiate hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor development by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, and producing tumor-promoting metabolites. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may influence not only the efficacy of cancer chemotherapies and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 therapies but also the occurrence of postoperative complications after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, which have been associated with tumor recurrence and worse patient survival in hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Hence, a better understanding of roles of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumors may open opportunities to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer through manipulating the gut microbiota by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and pro- and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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626
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The growing awareness that the immune system is a key player in the antitumoral response and the excellent clinical results achieved in some settings with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) drugs has led to the rise of immunotherapy as a supplement or an alternative to conventional cancer treatment. The high costs associated with these therapies, their significant toxicity and the need to understand and circumvent immune escape mechanisms raise the urgent need for immunological assessment of therapy response. The study of the immunological parameters before, during and after treatment is referred to as immunomonitoring. This review discusses the current knowledge of immunomonitoring markers in gastrointestinal cancers. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has seen a collaborative effort to standardize the assays performed in clinical trials to assess response to immunotherapy. Since then, multiple studies have been conducted on blood samples, biopsies and surgical specimens to determine their immunological profiles leading to the identification of several immunological markers possessing a predictive value of response to treatment. SUMMARY Future research will focus on detangling the predictive value of immune markers in different therapeutic models, and also to develop new noninvasive means to monitor the immune response of patients. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COON/A20.
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627
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Ye X, Wang R, Bhattacharya R, Boulbes DR, Fan F, Xia L, Adoni H, Ajami NJ, Wong MC, Smith DP, Petrosino JF, Venable S, Qiao W, Baladandayuthapani V, Maru D, Ellis LM. Fusobacterium Nucleatum Subspecies Animalis Influences Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Monocyte Activation in Human Colorectal Tumors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:398-409. [PMID: 28483840 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection and associated inflammation have long been suspected to promote human carcinogenesis. Recently, certain gut bacteria, including some in the Fusobacterium genus, have been implicated in playing a role in human colorectal cancer development. However, the Fusobacterium species and subspecies involved and their oncogenic mechanisms remain to be determined. We sought to identify the specific Fusobacterium spp. and ssp. in clinical colorectal cancer specimens by targeted sequencing of Fusobacterium 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Five Fusobacterium spp. were identified in clinical colorectal cancer specimens. Additional analyses confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. animalis was the most prevalent F. nucleatum subspecies in human colorectal cancers. We also assessed inflammatory cytokines in colorectal cancer specimens using immunoassays and found that expression of the cytokines IL17A and TNFα was markedly increased but IL21 decreased in the colorectal tumors. Furthermore, the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 was differentially expressed in colorectal tumors at all stages. In in vitro co-culture assays, F. nucleatum ssp. animalis induced CCL20 protein expression in colorectal cancer cells and monocytes. It also stimulated the monocyte/macrophage activation and migration. Our observations suggested that infection with F. nucleatum ssp. animalis in colorectal tissue could induce inflammatory response and promote colorectal cancer development. Further studies are warranted to determine if F. nucleatum ssp. animalis could be a novel target for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 10(7); 398-409. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Delphine R Boulbes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Xia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Harish Adoni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan Venable
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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628
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Leppänen J, Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH, Isohookana J, Haapasaari KM, Lehenkari P, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ. High toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 expression is associated with better prognosis in surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients. Virchows Arch 2017; 470:401-410. [PMID: 28191612 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. Inflammatory response and tumor environment are thought to play a major role in its pathogenesis. Knowledge on TLR expression and impact on patient survival in pancreatic cancer is limited. The study's aim was to clarify the role of different TLRs in pancreatic cancer. TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 expression was investigated in 65 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. The association between TLR expression, clinical parameters, and local inflammatory response to the tumor was assessed using chi-square test. Relation between patient survival and TLR expression was calculated with multivariable Cox regression, adjusted for age, sex, and tumor stage. We found TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 to be expressed in pancreatic cancer. There was no association between TLR expression and tumor stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, or tumor necrosis. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, high cytoplasmic TLR9 expression was associated with longer patient survival, and multivariate analysis identified low TLR9 expression as an independent risk factor for cancer-specific death (HR 3.090, 95% CI 1.673-5.706). The results suggest that high TLR9 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma indicates improved prognosis. The prognostic effect of TLR9 might be associated with bacterial exposure, but this needs further evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Leppänen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Olli Helminen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Isohookana
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi-Maria Haapasaari
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Saarnio
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
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629
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Hamada T, Keum N, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Molecular pathological epidemiology: new developing frontiers of big data science to study etiologies and pathogenesis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:265-275. [PMID: 27738762 PMCID: PMC5325774 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative field that utilizes molecular pathology to incorporate interpersonal heterogeneity of a disease process into epidemiology. In each individual, the development and progression of a disease are determined by a unique combination of exogenous and endogenous factors, resulting in different molecular and pathological subtypes of the disease. Based on "the unique disease principle," the primary aim of MPE is to uncover an interactive relationship between a specific environmental exposure and disease subtypes in determining disease incidence and mortality. This MPE approach can provide etiologic and pathogenic insights, potentially contributing to precision medicine for personalized prevention and treatment. Although breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers have been among the most commonly studied diseases, the MPE approach can be used to study any disease. In addition to molecular features, host immune status and microbiome profile likely affect a disease process, and thus serve as informative biomarkers. As such, further integration of several disciplines into MPE has been achieved (e.g., pharmaco-MPE, immuno-MPE, and microbial MPE), to provide novel insights into underlying etiologic mechanisms. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, available genomic and epigenomic data have expanded dramatically. The MPE approach can also provide a specific risk estimate for each disease subgroup, thereby enhancing the impact of genome-wide association studies on public health. In this article, we present recent progress of MPE, and discuss the importance of accounting for the disease heterogeneity in the era of big-data health science and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Room SM1036, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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630
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Yang Y, Weng W, Peng J, Hong L, Yang L, Toiyama Y, Gao R, Liu M, Yin M, Pan C, Li H, Guo B, Zhu Q, Wei Q, Moyer MP, Wang P, Cai S, Goel A, Qin H, Ma Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Increases Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Tumor Development in Mice by Activating Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling to Nuclear Factor-κB, and Up-regulating Expression of MicroRNA-21. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:851-866.e24. [PMID: 27876571 PMCID: PMC5555435 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nearly 20% of the global cancer burden can be linked to infectious agents. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes tumor formation by epithelial cells via unclear mechanisms. We aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by F nucleatum and evaluate their ability to promote colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. METHODS Colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines were incubated with F nucleatum or control reagents and analyzed in proliferation and would healing assays. HCT116, HT29, LoVo, and SW480 CRC cell lines were incubated with F nucleatum or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS [control]) and analyzed for miRNA expression patterns and in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Cells were incubated with miRNAs mimics, control sequences, or small interfering RNAs; expression of reporter constructs was measured in luciferase assays. CRC cells were incubated with F nucleatum or PBS and injected into BALB/C nude mice; growth of xenograft tumors was measured. C57BL adenomatous polyposis colimin/+, C57BL miR21a-/-, and C57BL mice with full-length miR21a (controls) were given F nucleatum by gavage; some mice were given azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis and colon tumors. Intestinal tissues were collected and tumors were counted. Serum samples from mice were analyzed for cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We performed in situ hybridization analyses to detect enrichment of F nucleatum in CRC cells. Fusobacterium nucleatum DNA in 90 tumor and matched nontumor tissues from patients in China were explored for the expression correlation analysis; levels in 125 tumor tissues from patients in Japan were compared with their survival times. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum increased proliferation and invasive activities of CRC cell lines compared with control cells. CRC cell lines infected with F nucleatum formed larger tumors, more rapidly, in nude mice than uninfected cells. Adenomatous polyposis colimin/+ mice gavaged with F nucleatum developed significantly more colorectal tumors than mice given PBS and had shorter survival times. We found several inflammatory factors to be significantly increased in serum from mice given F nucleatum (interleukin 17F, interleukin 21, and interleukin 22, and MIP3A). We found 50 miRNAs to be significantly up-regulated and 52 miRNAs to be significantly down-regulated in CRCs incubated with F nucleatum vs PBS; levels of miR21 increased by the greatest amount (>4-fold). Inhibitors of miR21 prevented F nucleatum from inducing cell proliferation and invasion in culture. miR21a-/- mice had a later appearance of fecal blood and diarrhea after administration of azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, and had longer survival times compared with control mice. The colorectum of miR21a-/- mice had fewer tumors, of smaller size, and the miR21a-/- mice survived longer than control mice. We found RASA1, which encodes an RAS GTPase, to be one of the target genes consistently down-regulated in cells that overexpressed miR21 and up-regulated in cells exposed to miR21 inhibitors. Infection of cells with F nucleatum increased expression of miR21 by activating Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to MYD88, leading to activation of the nuclear factor-κB. Levels of F nucleatum DNA and miR21 were increased in tumor tissues (and even more so in advanced tumor tissues) compared with non-tumor colon tissues from patients. Patients whose tumors had high amounts of F nucleatum DNA and miR21 had shorter survival times than patients whose tumors had lower amounts. CONCLUSIONS We found infection of CRC cells with F nucleatum to increase their proliferation, invasive activity, and ability to form xenograft tumors in mice. Fusobacterium nucleatum activates Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to MYD88, leading to activation of the nuclear factor-κB and increased expression of miR21; this miRNA reduces levels of the RAS GTPase RASA1. Patients with both high amount of tissue F nucleatum DNA and miR21 demonstrated a higher risk for poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China,Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Weng
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott &White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Texas, USA,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leiming Hong
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfeng Liu
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Yin
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of GI Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Guo
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchao Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University
| | | | - Ping Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ai L, Tian H, Chen Z, Chen H, Xu J, Fang JY. Systematic evaluation of supervised classifiers for fecal microbiota-based prediction of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:9546-9556. [PMID: 28061434 PMCID: PMC5354752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) based on fecal microbiota presents a promising method for non-invasive screening of CRC, but the optimization of classification models remains an unaddressed question. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of different supervised machine-learning models in predicting CRC in two independent eastern and western populations. The structures of intestinal microflora in feces in Chinese population (N = 141) were determined by 454 FLX pyrosequencing, and different supervised classifiers were employed to predict CRC based on fecal microbiota operational taxonomic unit (OTUs). As a result, Bayes Net and Random Forest displayed higher accuracies than other algorithms in both populations, although Bayes Net was found with a lower false negative rate than that of Random Forest. Gut microbiota-based prediction was more accurate than the standard fecal occult blood test (FOBT), and the combination of both approaches further improved the prediction accuracy. Moreover, when unclassified OTUs were used as input, the BayesDMNB text algorithm achieved higher accuracy in the Chinese population (AUC=0.994). Taken together, our results suggest that Bayes Net classification model combined with unclassified OTUs may present an accurate method for predicting CRC based on the compositions of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyan Ai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhaofei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
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632
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Kosumi K, Masugi Y, Yang J, Qian ZR, Kim SA, Li W, Shi Y, da Silva A, Hamada T, Liu L, Gu M, Twombly TS, Cao Y, Barbie DA, Nosho K, Baba H, Garrett WS, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Nishihara R. Tumor SQSTM1 (p62) expression and T cells in colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1284720. [PMID: 28405513 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1284720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that activation of autophagy in neoplastic cells potentiates antitumor immunity through cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigens to T cells and release of immune mediators. The SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1, p62) protein is degraded by activated autophagy, and might enhance immune response to tumor cells. We hypothesized that tumor SQSTM1 expression level might be inversely associated with T-cell densities in colorectal carcinoma tissue. We evaluated tumor SQSTM1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 601 rectal and colon cancer cases within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of tumor SQSTM1 expression with CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO (PTPRC)+, or FOXP3+ cell density in tumor tissue, controlling for potential confounders, including tumor status of microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation level, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Tumor SQSTM1 expression level was inversely associated with FOXP3+ cell density (ptrend = 0.006), but not with CD3+, CD8+, or CD45RO+ cell density (with the adjusted α level of 0.01 for multiple hypothesis testing). For a unit increase in quartile categories of FOXP3+ cell density, multivariable odds ratios were 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.98] for intermediate-level SQSTM1 expression, and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36-0.83) for high-level SQSTM1 expression, compared with low-level SQSTM1 expression. Tumor SQSTM1 expression is inversely associated with FOXP3+ cell density in colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting a possible role of SQSTM1-expressing carcinoma cells on regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juhong Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun A Kim
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffery A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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633
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Bioactive Nutrients and Nutrigenomics in Age-Related Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010105. [PMID: 28075340 PMCID: PMC6155887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased life expectancy and the expansion of the elderly population are stimulating research into aging. Aging may be viewed as a multifactorial process that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, which include lifestyle. Human molecular processes are influenced by physiological pathways as well as exogenous factors, which include the diet. Dietary components have substantive effects on metabolic health; for instance, bioactive molecules capable of selectively modulating specific metabolic pathways affect the development/progression of cardiovascular and neoplastic disease. As bioactive nutrients are increasingly identified, their clinical and molecular chemopreventive effects are being characterized and systematic analyses encompassing the "omics" technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) are being conducted to explore their action. The evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology has unique strength to investigate the effects of dietary and lifestyle exposure on clinical outcomes. The mounting body of knowledge regarding diet-related health status and disease risk is expected to lead in the near future to the development of improved diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies targeting processes relevant to nutrition. The state of the art of aging and nutrigenomics research and the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of bioactive nutrients on the main aging-related disorders are reviewed herein.
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634
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Gao R, Gao Z, Huang L, Qin H. Gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:757-769. [PMID: 28063002 PMCID: PMC5395603 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is considered as a forgotten organ in human health and disease. It maintains gut homeostasis by various complex mechanisms. However, disruption of the gut microbiota has been confirmed to be related to gastrointestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, as well as remote organs in many studies. Colorectal cancer is a multi-factorial and multi-stage involved disorder. The role for microorganisms that initiate and facilitate the process of colorectal cancer has become clear. The candidate pathogens have been identified by culture and next sequencing technology. Persuasive models have also been proposed to illustrate the complicated and dynamic time and spatial change in the carcinogenesis. Related key molecules have also been investigated to demonstrate the pathways crucial for the development of colorectal cancer. In addition, risk factors that contribute to the tumorigenesis can also be modulated to decrease the susceptibility for certain population. In addition, the results of basic studies have also translated to clinical application, which displayed a critical value for the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. In this review, we not only emphasize the exploration of the mechanisms, but also potential clinical practice implication in this microbiota era.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Z Gao
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - L Huang
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - H Qin
- Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated Tenth People's Hospital, No.301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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635
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Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer? Transl Res 2017; 179:168-182. [PMID: 27477083 PMCID: PMC5164950 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary but not sufficient for the development of cervical cancer. The factors promoting persistence as well those triggering carcinogenetic pathways are incompletely understood. Rapidly evolving evidence indicates that the vaginal microbiome (VM) may play a functional role (both protective and harmful) in the acquisition and persistence of HPV, and subsequent development of cervical cancer. The first studies examining the VM and the presence of an HPV infection using next-generation sequencing techniques identified higher microbial diversity in HPV-positive as opposed to HPV-negative women. Furthermore, there appears to be a temporal relationship between the VM and HPV infection in that specific community state types may be correlated with a higher chance of progression or regression of the infection. Studies describing the VM in women with preinvasive disease (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia [SIL]) consistently demonstrate a dysbiosis in women with the more severe disease. Although it is plausible that the composition of the VM may influence the host's innate immune response, susceptibility to infection, and the development of cervical disease, the studies to date do not prove causality. Future studies should explore the causal link between the VM and the clinical outcome in longitudinal samples from existing biobanks.
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636
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Hirota K, Yumoto H, Sapaar B, Matsuo T, Ichikawa T, Miyake Y. Pathogenic factors in Candida biofilm-related infectious diseases. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:321-330. [PMID: 27770500 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commonly found member of the human microflora and is a major human opportunistic fungal pathogen. A perturbation of the microbiome can lead to infectious diseases caused by various micro-organisms, including C. albicans. Moreover, the interactions between C. albicans and bacteria are considered to play critical roles in human health. The major biological feature of C. albicans, which impacts human health, resides in its ability to form biofilms. In particular, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of Candida biofilm plays a multifaceted role and therefore may be considered as a highly attractive target to combat biofilm-related infectious diseases. In addition, extracellular DNA (eDNA) also plays a crucial role in Candida biofilm formation and its structural integrity and induces the morphological transition from yeast to the hyphal growth form during C. albicans biofilm development. This review focuses on pathogenic factors such as eDNA in Candida biofilm formation and its ECM production and provides meaningful information for future studies to develop a novel strategy to battle infectious diseases elicited by Candida-formed biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirota
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - H Yumoto
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - B Sapaar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Matsuo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Ichikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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637
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Li H, Zhang P. Role of intestinal microecology in precision treatment of colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4354-4361. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i32.4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of intestinal microecology in diseases has attracted increasing attention. Some progress has been achieved in the study of the colorectum, which is the carrier of intestinal microecology, and the role of intestinal microecology in colorectal cancer (CRC) formation and progression has been clarified gradually. More and more studies show that intestinal microecology plays a key role in CRC related precision treatments, such as tumor immunotherapy, chemotherapy and probiotic intervention, which have achieved certain curative effects in clinical treatment, although the mechanism still needs further study. This review briefly discusses the intestinal microecology related precision treatments for CRC and their potential mechanisms.
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638
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Furquim CP, Soares GMS, Ribeiro LL, Azcarate-Peril MA, Butz N, Roach J, Moss K, Bonfim C, Torres-Pereira CC, Teles FRF. The Salivary Microbiome and Oral Cancer Risk: a Pilot Study in Fanconi Anemia. J Dent Res 2016; 96:292-299. [PMID: 27827319 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516678169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by chromosomal instability and impaired DNA damage repair. FA patients develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) earlier and more frequently than the general population, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although evidence of an etiological role of the local microbiome and carcinogenesis has been mounting, no information exists regarding the oral microbiome of FA patients. The aim of this study was to explore the salivary microbiome of 61 FA patients regarding their oral health status and OSCC risk factors. After answering a questionnaire and receiving clinical examination, saliva samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. The microbial profiles associated with medical and clinical parameters were analyzed using general linear models. Patients were young (mean age, 22 y) and most had received HSCT ( n = 53). The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes [mean relative abundance (SD), 42.1% (10.1%)] and Bacteroidetes [(25.4% (11.4%)]. A history of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) ( n = 27) was associated with higher proportions of Firmicutes (43.8% × 38.5%, P = 0.05). High levels of gingival bleeding were associated with the genera Prevotella (22.25% × 20%), Streptococcus (19.83% × 17.61%), Porphyromonas (3.63% × 1.42%, P = 0.03), Treponema (1.02% × 0.28%, P = 0.009), Parvimonas (0.28% × 0.07%, P = 0.02) and Dialister (0.27% × 0.10%, P = 0.04). Finally, participants transplanted over 11 y ago showed the highest levels of Streptococcus (18.4%), Haemophilus (12.7%) and Neisseria (6.8%). In conclusion, FA patients that showed poor oral hygiene harbored higher proportions of the genera of bacteria compatible with gingival disease. Specific microbial differences were associated with a history of oral GVHD and a history of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Furquim
- 1 Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G M S Soares
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L L Ribeiro
- 3 Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M A Azcarate-Peril
- 4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N Butz
- 4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Roach
- 5 Department of Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Moss
- 6 Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Bonfim
- 3 Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C C Torres-Pereira
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - F R F Teles
- 7 Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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639
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Mima K, Cao Y, Chan AT, Qian ZR, Nowak JA, Masugi Y, Shi Y, Song M, da Silva A, Gu M, Li W, Hamada T, Kosumi K, Hanyuda A, Liu L, Kostic AD, Giannakis M, Bullman S, Brennan CA, Milner DA, Baba H, Garraway LA, Meyerhardt JA, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Meyerson M, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Carcinoma Tissue According to Tumor Location. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e200. [PMID: 27811909 PMCID: PMC5543402 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Evidence suggests a possible role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal carcinogenesis, especially in right-sided proximal colorectum. Considering a change in bowel contents and microbiome from proximal to distal colorectal segments, we hypothesized that the proportion of colorectal carcinoma enriched with F. nucleatum might gradually increase along the bowel subsites from rectum to cecum. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 1,102 colon and rectal carcinomas in molecular pathological epidemiology databases of the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We measured the amount of F. nucleatum DNA in colorectal tumor tissue using a quantitative PCR assay and equally dichotomized F. nucleatum-positive cases (high vs. low). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship of a bowel subsite variable (rectum, rectosigmoid junction, sigmoid colon, descending colon, splenic flexure, transverse colon, hepatic flexure, ascending colon, and cecum) with the amount of F. nucleatum. Results: The proportion of F. nucleatum-high colorectal cancers gradually increased from rectal cancers (2.5% 4/157) to cecal cancers (11% 19/178), with a statistically significant linear trend along all subsites (P<0.0001) and little evidence of non-linearity. The proportion of F. nucleatum-low cancers was higher in rectal, ascending colon, and cecal cancers than in cancers of middle segments. Conclusions: The proportion of F. nucleatum-high colorectal cancers gradually increases from rectum to cecum. Our data support the colorectal continuum model that reflects pathogenic influences of the gut microbiota on neoplastic and immune cells and challenges the prevailing two-colon (proximal vs. distal) dichotomy paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin A Brennan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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640
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Johnson CH, Spilker ME, Goetz L, Peterson SN, Siuzdak G. Metabolite and Microbiome Interplay in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6146-6152. [PMID: 27729325 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the host microbiome has come to the forefront as a potential modulator of cancer metabolism and could be a future target for precision medicine. A recent study revealed that in colon cancer, bacteria form polysaccharide matrices called biofilms at a high frequency in the proximal colon. Comprehensive untargeted and stable isotope-assisted metabolomic analysis revealed that the bacteria utilize polyamine metabolites produced from colon adenomas/carcinomas to build these protective biofilms and may contribute to inflammation and proliferation observed in colon cancer. This study highlighted the importance of finding the biological origin of a metabolite and assessing its metabolism and mechanism of action. This led to a better understanding of host and microbial interactions, thereby aiding therapeutic design for cancer. In this review, we will discuss methodologies for identifying the biological origin and roles of metabolites in cancer progression and discuss the interactions of the microbiome and metabolites in immunity and cancer treatment, focusing on the flourishing field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6146-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Mary E Spilker
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California
| | - Laura Goetz
- Department of Surgery, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, California
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
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641
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Wang HF, Li LF, Guo SH, Zeng QY, Ning F, Liu WL, Zhang G. Evaluation of antibody level against Fusobacterium nucleatum in the serological diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33440. [PMID: 27678333 PMCID: PMC5039407 DOI: 10.1038/srep33440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum, Fn) is associated with the colorectal cancer (CRC). Fn-infection could induce significant levels of serum Fn-specific antibodies in human and mice. The objective of this study was to identify Fn-infection that elicit a humoral response in patients with CRC and evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum anti-Fn antibodies. In this work, we showed the mean absorbance value of anti-Fn-IgA and -IgG in the CRC group were significantly higher than those in the benign colon disease group and healthy control group (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for the detection of anti-Fn-IgA were 36.43% and 92.71% based on the optimal cut-off. The combination of anti-Fn-IgA and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was better for diagnosing CRC (Sen: 53.10%, Spe: 96.41%; AUC = 0.848). Furthermore, combining anti-Fn-IgA with CEA and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (Sen: 40.00%, Spe: 94.22%; AUC = 0.743) had the better ability to classify CRC patients with stages I-II. These results suggested that Fn-infection elicited high level of serum anti-Fn antibodies in CRC patients, and serum anti-Fn-IgA level may be a potential diagnosing biomarker for CRC. Serum anti-Fn-IgA in combination with CEA and CA19-9 increases the sensitivity of detecting early CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Fang Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University cancer center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-He Guo
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yao Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University cancer center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Ning
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University cancer center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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642
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Forbes JD, Van Domselaar G, Bernstein CN. The Gut Microbiota in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1081. [PMID: 27462309 PMCID: PMC4939298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The collection of microbes and their genes that exist within and on the human body, collectively known as the microbiome has emerged as a principal factor in human health and disease. Humans and microbes have established a symbiotic association over time, and perturbations in this association have been linked to several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. IMID is a term used to describe a group of chronic, highly disabling diseases that affect different organ systems. Though a cornerstone commonality between IMID is the idiopathic nature of disease, a considerable portion of their pathobiology overlaps including epidemiological co-occurrence, genetic susceptibility loci and environmental risk factors. At present, it is clear that persons with an IMID are at an increased risk for developing comorbidities, including additional IMID. Advancements in sequencing technologies and a parallel explosion of 16S rDNA and metagenomics community profiling studies have allowed for the characterization of microbiomes throughout the human body including the gut, in a myriad of human diseases and in health. The main challenge now is to determine if alterations of gut flora are common between IMID or, if particular changes in the gut community are in fact specific to a single disease. Herein, we review and discuss the relationships between the gut microbiota and IMID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Forbes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, WinnipegMB, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, WinnipegMB, Canada
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
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643
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Drewes JL, Housseau F, Sears CL. Sporadic colorectal cancer: microbial contributors to disease prevention, development and therapy. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:273-80. [PMID: 27380134 PMCID: PMC4973155 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been hailed as an accessory organ, with functions critical to the host including dietary metabolic activities and assistance in the development of a proper functioning immune system. However, an aberrant microbiota (dysbiosis) may influence disease processes such as colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the contributions of the microbiota to prevention, initiation/progression, and treatment of colorectal cancer, with a major focus on biofilms and the antimicrobial and antitumoural immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Drewes
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Franck Housseau
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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644
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Sivaprakasam S, Gurav A, Paschall AV, Coe GL, Chaudhary K, Cai Y, Kolhe R, Martin P, Browning D, Huang L, Shi H, Sifuentes H, Vijay-Kumar M, Thompson SA, Munn DH, Mellor A, McGaha TL, Shiao P, Cutler CW, Liu K, Ganapathy V, Li H, Singh N. An essential role of Ffar2 (Gpr43) in dietary fibre-mediated promotion of healthy composition of gut microbiota and suppression of intestinal carcinogenesis. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e238. [PMID: 27348268 PMCID: PMC4945739 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Composition of the gut microbiota has profound effects on intestinal carcinogenesis. Diet and host genetics play critical roles in shaping the composition of gut microbiota. Whether diet and host genes interact with each other to bring specific changes in gut microbiota that affect intestinal carcinogenesis is unknown. Ability of dietary fibre to specifically increase beneficial gut microbiota at the expense of pathogenic bacteria in vivo via unknown mechanism is an important process that suppresses intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2 or GPR43) is a receptor for short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), metabolites of dietary fibre fermentation by gut microbiota. Here, we show FFAR2 is down modulated in human colon cancers than matched adjacent healthy tissue. Consistent with this, Ffar2(-/-) mice are hypersusceptible to development of intestinal carcinogenesis. Dietary fibre suppressed colon carcinogenesis in an Ffar2-dependent manner. Ffar2 played an essential role in dietary fibre-mediated promotion of beneficial gut microbiota, Bifidobacterium species (spp) and suppression of Helicobacter hepaticus and Prevotellaceae. Moreover, numbers of Bifidobacterium is reduced, whereas those of Prevotellaceae are increased in human colon cancers than matched adjacent normal tissue. Administration of Bifidobacterium mitigated intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in Ffar2(-/-) mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that interplay between dietary fibre and Ffar2 play a key role in promoting healthy composition of gut microbiota that stimulates intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivaprakasam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - A Gurav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - G L Coe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K Chaudhary
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - P Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Huang
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H Sifuentes
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Vijay-Kumar
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences & Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - S A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D H Munn
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A Mellor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - T L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Shiao
- College of Nursing, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - C W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - K Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - V Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - N Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Cancer Research Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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645
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Lv Y, Nie SL, Zhou JM, Liu F, Hu YB, Jiang JR, Li N, Liu JS. Overexpression of NDUFA4L2 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. ANZ J Surg 2016; 87:E251-E255. [PMID: 27226356 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NDUFA4L2 (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2, also called NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase MLRQ subunit homologue) was clearly enriched in the mitochondrial fraction under hypoxic conditions, and immunofluorescence showed a clear colocalization of NDUFA4L2 and cytochrome c in some tumour cells. However, little study has investigated its prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS In our study, mRNA-NDUFA4L2 and protein expression were analysed in 150 cases of CRC and adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between NDUFA4L2 expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated by the Chi-square test. Overall survival of patients was analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS NDUFA4L2 overexpression was observed in 84% (126/150) of CRC tissues, but only in 24.7% (37/150) of adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed average mRNA expression levels to be 23.34 ± 1.356 and 4.34 ± 1.132 for CRC tissue and adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of NDUFA4L2 expression with histological grade, Dukes' stages, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis. More importantly, multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of NDUFA4L2 was an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients (P = 0.002). NDUFA4L2-negative patients had a higher tumour-free/overall survival rate than patients with high NDUFA4L2 expression (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NDUFA4L2 overexpression is associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lv
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Lin Nie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ju-Mei Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Bin Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Rui Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Shi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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646
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Abstract
The oral periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum has been repeatedly associated with colorectal tumors. Molecular analysis has identified specific virulence factors that promote tumorigenesis in the colon. However, other oral community members, such as members of the Porphyromonas spp., are also found with F. nucleatum on colonic tumors, and thus, narrow studies of individual pathogens do not take community-wide virulence properties into account. A broader view of oral bacterial physiology and pathogenesis identifies two factors that could promote colonization and persistence of oral bacterial communities in the colon. The polymicrobial nature of oral biofilms and the asaccharolytic metabolism of many of these species make them well suited to life in the microenvironment of colonic lesions. Consideration of these two factors offers a novel perspective on the role of oral microbiota in the initiation, development, and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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647
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Fu BC, Randolph TW, Lim U, Monroe KR, Cheng I, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Hullar MAJ, Lampe JW. Characterization of the gut microbiome in epidemiologic studies: the multiethnic cohort experience. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:373-9. [PMID: 27039047 PMCID: PMC4892953 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of next-generation sequencing and accompanying bioinformatics tools has revolutionized characterization of microbial communities. As interest grows in the role of the human microbiome in health and disease, so does the need for well-powered, robustly designed epidemiologic studies. Here, we discuss sources of bias that can arise in gut microbiome research. METHODS Research comparing methods of specimen collection, preservation, processing, and analysis of gut microbiome samples is reviewed. Although selected studies are primarily based on the gut, many of the same principles are applicable to samples derived from other anatomical sites. Methods for participant recruitment and sampling of the gut microbiome implemented in an ongoing population-based study, the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), are also described. RESULTS Variation in methodologies can influence the results of human microbiome studies. To help minimize bias, techniques such as sample homogenization, addition of internal standards, and quality filtering should be adopted in protocols. Within the MEC, participant response rates to stool sample collection were comparable to other studies, and in-home stool sample collection yields sufficient high-quality DNA for gut microbiome analysis. CONCLUSIONS Application of standardized and quality controlled methods in human microbiome studies is necessary to ensure data quality and comparability among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Fu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu
| | - Kristine R Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.
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648
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Park CH, Han DS, Oh YH, Lee AR, Lee YR, Eun CS. Role of Fusobacteria in the serrated pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25271. [PMID: 27125587 PMCID: PMC4850483 DOI: 10.1038/srep25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacteria are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and are amplified during colorectal carcinogenesis. Compared to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of carcinogenesis, serrated neoplasm has distinct clinical features and a different molecular background. We aimed to compare the gut microbiome between tubular adenoma (TA) and sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P). Patients with TA, SSA/P, or CRC were recruited. Three pieces of colorectal mucosal tissue were obtained from each patient by endoscopic biopsy. 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) were performed. Among 26 enrolled patients, 8, 10, and 8 had TA, SSA/P, and CRC, respectively. The relative abundance of Fusobacteria did not differ significantly between the TA and SSA/P groups (4.3% and 1.9%, P = 0.739) but was higher in the CRC group (33.8%) than in the TA or SSA/P group, respectively (TA vs. CRC, P = 0.002, false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.023; SSA/P vs. CRC, P < 0.001, FDR = 0.001). PICRUSt revealed that most functions in the TA metagenome were similar to those in the SSA/P metagenome. The gut microbiome, including relative abundance of Fusobacteria, did not differ between TA and SSA/P, suggesting that Fusobacteria may contribute to both the serrated pathway and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - A-Reum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Yu-Ra Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Korea
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649
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Saito T, Nishikawa H, Wada H, Nagano Y, Sugiyama D, Atarashi K, Maeda Y, Hamaguchi M, Ohkura N, Sato E, Nagase H, Nishimura J, Yamamoto H, Takiguchi S, Tanoue T, Suda W, Morita H, Hattori M, Honda K, Mori M, Doki Y, Sakaguchi S. Two FOXP3(+)CD4(+) T cell subpopulations distinctly control the prognosis of colorectal cancers. Nat Med 2016; 22:679-84. [PMID: 27111280 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells that express the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor function as regulatory T (Treg) cells and hinder effective immune responses against cancer cells. Abundant Treg cell infiltration into tumors is associated with poor clinical outcomes in various types of cancers. However, the role of Treg cells is controversial in colorectal cancers (CRCs), in which FOXP3(+) T cell infiltration indicated better prognosis in some studies. Here we show that CRCs, which are commonly infiltrated by suppression-competent FOXP3(hi) Treg cells, can be classified into two types by the degree of additional infiltration of FOXP3(lo) nonsuppressive T cells. The latter, which are distinguished from FOXP3(+) Treg cells by non-expression of the naive T cell marker CD45RA and instability of FOXP3, secreted inflammatory cytokines. Indeed, CRCs with abundant infiltration of FOXP3(lo) T cells showed significantly better prognosis than those with predominantly FOXP3(hi) Treg cell infiltration. Development of such inflammatory FOXP3(lo) non-Treg cells may depend on secretion of interleukin (IL)-12 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β by tissues and their presence was correlated with tumor invasion by intestinal bacteria, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum. Thus, functionally distinct subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3(+) T cells contribute in opposing ways to determining CRC prognosis. Depletion of FOXP3(hi) Treg cells from tumor tissues, which would augment antitumor immunity, could thus be used as an effective treatment strategy for CRCs and other cancers, whereas strategies that locally increase the population of FOXP3(lo) non-Treg cells could be used to suppress or prevent tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Saito
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagano
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science (Medical Research Center), Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Nagase
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanoue
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Morita
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Xu H, Jiang W, Zhu F, Zhu C, Wei J, Wang J. Expression of Wntless in colorectal carcinomas is associated with invasion, metastasis, and poor survival. APMIS 2016; 124:522-8. [PMID: 27102079 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanfeng Xu
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - Chuandong Zhu
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - Juan Wei
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology; Jinling Hospital; Nanjing China
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