651
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Docter D, Bantz C, Westmeier D, Galla HJ, Wang Q, Kirkpatrick JC, Nielsen P, Maskos M, Stauber RH. The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1380-92. [PMID: 25247121 PMCID: PMC4168937 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Besides the lung and skin, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the main targets for accidental exposure or biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NP). Biological responses to NP, including nanotoxicology, are caused by the interaction of the NP with cellular membranes and/or cellular entry. Here, the physico-chemical characteristics of NP are widely discussed as critical determinants, albeit the exact mechanisms remain to be resolved. Moreover, proteins associate with NP in physiological fluids, forming the protein corona potentially transforming the biological identity of the particle and thus, adding an additional level of complexity for the bio-nano responses. Here, we employed amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASP) and epithelial GI tract Caco-2 cells as a model to study the biological impact of particle size as well as of the protein corona. Caco-2 or mucus-producing HT-29 cells were exposed to thoroughly characterized, negatively charged ASP of different size in the absence or presence of proteins. Comprehensive experimental approaches, such as quantifying cellular metabolic activity, microscopic observation of cell morphology, and high-throughput cell analysis revealed a dose- and time-dependent toxicity primarily upon exposure with ASP30 (Ø = 30 nm). Albeit smaller (ASP20, Ø = 20 nm) or larger particles (ASP100; Ø = 100 nm) showed a similar zeta potential, they both displayed only low toxicity. Importantly, the adverse effects triggered by ASP30/ASP30L were significantly ameliorated upon formation of the protein corona, which we found was efficiently established on all ASP studied. As a potential explanation, corona formation reduced ASP30 cellular uptake, which was however not significantly affected by ASP surface charge in our model. Collectively, our study uncovers an impact of ASP size as well as of the protein corona on cellular toxicity, which might be relevant for processes at the nano-bio interface in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bantz
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dana Westmeier
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hajo J Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Wilhelm Klemm-Str. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - James C Kirkpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Institute of Pathology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Michael Maskos
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
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652
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Bertoli F, Davies GL, Monopoli MP, Moloney M, Gun'ko YK, Salvati A, Dawson KA. Magnetic nanoparticles to recover cellular organelles and study the time resolved nanoparticle-cell interactome throughout uptake. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3307-15. [PMID: 24737750 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles in contact with cells and living organisms generate quite novel interactions at the interface between the nanoparticle surface and the surrounding biological environment. However, a detailed time resolved molecular level description of the evolving interactions as nanoparticles are internalized and trafficked within the cellular environment is still missing and will certainly be required for the emerging arena of nanoparticle-cell interactions to mature. In this paper promising methodologies to map out the time resolved nanoparticle-cell interactome for nanoparticle uptake are discussed. Thus silica coated magnetite nanoparticles are presented to cells and their magnetic properties used to isolate, in a time resolved manner, the organelles containing the nanoparticles. Characterization of the recovered fractions shows that different cell compartments are isolated at different times, in agreement with imaging results on nanoparticle intracellular location. Subsequently the internalized nanoparticles can be further isolated from the recovered organelles, allowing the study of the most tightly nanoparticle-bound biomolecules, analogous to the 'hard corona' that so far has mostly been characterized in extracellular environments. Preliminary data on the recovered nanoparticles suggest that significant portion of the original corona (derived from the serum in which particles are presented to the cells) is preserved as nanoparticles are trafficked through the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bertoli
- Centre For BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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653
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Fleischer C, Payne CK. Nanoparticle-cell interactions: molecular structure of the protein corona and cellular outcomes. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2651-9. [PMID: 25014679 PMCID: PMC4139184 DOI: 10.1021/ar500190q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in biology and medicine requires a molecular-level understanding of how NPs interact with cells in a physiological environment. A critical difference between well-controlled in vitro experiments and in vivo applications is the presence of a complex mixture of extracellular proteins. It has been established that extracellular serum proteins present in blood will adsorb onto the surface of NPs, forming a "protein corona". Our goal was to understand how this protein layer affected cellular-level events, including NP binding, internalization, and transport. A combination of microscopy, which provides spatial resolution, and spectroscopy, which provides molecular information, is necessary to probe protein-NP-cell interactions. Initial experiments used a model system composed of polystyrene NPs functionalized with either amine or carboxylate groups to provide a cationic or anionic surface, respectively. Serum proteins adsorb onto the surface of both cationic and anionic NPs, forming a net anionic protein-NP complex. Although these protein-NP complexes have similar diameters and effective surface charges, they show the exact opposite behavior in terms of cellular binding. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the cellular binding of BSA-NP complexes formed from cationic NPs is enhanced, whereas the cellular binding of BSA-NP complexes formed from anionic NPs is inhibited. These trends are independent of NP diameter or cell type. Similar results were obtained for anionic quantum dots and colloidal gold nanospheres. Using competition assays, we determined that BSA-NP complexes formed from anionic NPs bind to albumin receptors on the cell surface. BSA-NP complexes formed from cationic NPs are redirected to scavenger receptors. The observation that similar NPs with identical protein corona compositions bind to different cellular receptors suggested that a difference in the structure of the adsorbed protein may be responsible for the differences in cellular binding of the protein-NP complexes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy show that the structure of BSA is altered following incubation with cationic NPs, but not anionic NPs. Single-particle-tracking fluorescence microscopy was used to follow the cellular internalization and transport of protein-NP complexes. The single particle-tracking experiments show that the protein corona remains bound to the NP throughout endocytic uptake and transport. The interaction of protein-NP complexes with cells is a challenging question, as the adsorbed protein corona controls the interaction of the NP with the cell; however, the NP itself alters the structure of the adsorbed protein. A combination of microscopy and spectroscopy is necessary to understand this complex interaction, enabling the rational design of NPs for biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace
C. Fleischer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute
for Bioengineering
and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christine K. Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute
for Bioengineering
and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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654
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Liu Y, Deng H, Xiao C, Xie C, Zhou X. Cytotoxicity of Calcium Rectorite Micro/Nanoparticles before and after Organic Modification. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1401-10. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500115p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- School
of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chunlian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chengfeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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655
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Ware MJ, Godin B, Singh N, Majithia R, Shamsudeen S, Serda RE, Meissner KE, Rees P, Summers HD. Analysis of the influence of cell heterogeneity on nanoparticle dose response. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6693-700. [PMID: 24923782 PMCID: PMC4216222 DOI: 10.1021/nn502356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of variability in the interaction of individual cells with nanoparticles on the overall response of the cell population to a nanoagent is a fundamental challenge in bionanotechnology. Here, we show that the technique of time-resolved, high-throughput microscopy can be used in this endeavor. Mass measurement with single-cell resolution provides statistically robust assessments of cell heterogeneity, while the addition of a temporal element allows assessment of separate processes leading to deconvolution of the effects of particle supply and biological response. We provide a specific demonstration of the approach, in vitro, through time-resolved measurement of fibroblast cell (HFF-1) death caused by exposure to cationic nanoparticles. The results show that heterogeneity in cell area is the major source of variability with area-dependent nanoparticle capture rates determining the time of cell death and hence the form of the exposure–response characteristic. Moreover, due to the particulate nature of the nanoparticle suspension, there is a reduction in the particle concentration over the course of the experiment, eventually causing saturation in the level of measured biological outcome. A generalized mathematical description of the system is proposed, based on a simple model of particle depletion from a finite supply reservoir. This captures the essential aspects of the nanoparticle–cell interaction dynamics and accurately predicts the population exposure–response curves from individual cell heterogeneity distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Ware
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Neenu Singh
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Ravish Majithia
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6501 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sabeel Shamsudeen
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rita E. Serda
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6501 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kenith E. Meissner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Paul Rees
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts 02148, United States
| | - Huw D. Summers
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
- Address correspondence to
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656
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Moyano DF, Saha K, Prakash G, Yan B, Kong H, Yazdani M, Rotello VM. Fabrication of corona-free nanoparticles with tunable hydrophobicity. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6748-55. [PMID: 24971670 PMCID: PMC4215884 DOI: 10.1021/nn5006478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A protein corona is formed at the surface of nanoparticles in the presence of biological fluids, masking the surface properties of the particle and complicating the relationship between chemical functionality and biological effects. We present here a series of zwitterionic NPs of variable hydrophobicity that do not adsorb proteins at moderate levels of serum protein and do not form hard coronas at physiological serum concentrations. These particles provide platforms to evaluate nanobiological behavior such as cell uptake and hemolysis dictated directly by chemical motifs at the nanoparticle surface.
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657
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Sahneh FD, Scoglio CM, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Riviere JE. Predicting the impact of biocorona formation kinetics on interspecies extrapolations of nanoparticle biodistribution modeling. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 10:25-33. [PMID: 25032980 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of biocorona kinetics on expected tissue distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) across species. MATERIALS & METHODS The potential fate of NPs in vivo is described through a simple and descriptive pharmacokinetic model using rate processes dependent upon basal metabolic rate coupled to dynamics of protein corona. RESULTS Mismatch of time scales between interspecies allometric scaling and the kinetics of corona formation is potentially a fundamental issue with interspecies extrapolations of NP biodistribution. The impact of corona evolution on NP biodistribution across two species is maximal when corona transition half-life is close to the geometric mean of NP half-lives of the two species. CONCLUSION While engineered NPs can successfully reach target cells in rodent models, the results may be different in humans due to the fact that the longer circulation time allows for further biocorona evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryad Darabi Sahneh
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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658
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Pombo García K, Zarschler K, Barbaro L, Barreto JA, O'Malley W, Spiccia L, Stephan H, Graham B. Zwitterionic-coated "stealth" nanoparticles for biomedical applications: recent advances in countering biomolecular corona formation and uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2516-29. [PMID: 24687857 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles represent highly promising platforms for the development of imaging and therapeutic agents, including those that can either be detected via more than one imaging technique (multi-modal imaging agents) or used for both diagnosis and therapy (theranostics). A major obstacle to their medical application and translation to the clinic, however, is the fact that many accumulate in the liver and spleen as a result of opsonization and scavenging by the mononuclear phagocyte system. This focused review summarizes recent efforts to develop zwitterionic-coatings to counter this issue and render nanoparticles more biocompatible. Such coatings have been found to greatly reduce the rate and/or extent of non-specific adsorption of proteins and lipids to the nanoparticle surface, thereby inhibiting production of the "biomolecular corona" that is proposed to be a universal feature of nanoparticles within a biological environment. Additionally, in vivo studies have demonstrated that larger-sized nanoparticles with a zwitterionic coating have extended circulatory lifetimes, while those with hydrodynamic diameters of ≤5 nm exhibit small-molecule-like pharmacokinetics, remaining sufficiently small to pass through the fenestrae and slit pores during glomerular filtration within the kidneys, and enabling efficient excretion via the urine. The larger particles represent ideal candidates for use as blood pool imaging agents, whilst the small ones provide a highly promising platform for the future development of theranostics with reduced side effect profiles and superior dose delivery and image contrast capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pombo García
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, PF 510119, Dresden, 01314, Germany
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659
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Verderio P, Avvakumova S, Alessio G, Bellini M, Colombo M, Galbiati E, Mazzucchelli S, Avila JP, Santini B, Prosperi D. Delivering colloidal nanoparticles to mammalian cells: a nano-bio interface perspective. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:957-76. [PMID: 24443410 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles capable of biomolecular targeting remains a fascinating challenge in materials science with dramatic implications in view of a possible clinical translation. In several circumstances, assumptions on structure-activity relationships have failed in determining the expected responses of these complex systems in a biological environment. The present Review depicts the most recent advances about colloidal nanoparticles designed for use as tools for cellular nanobiotechnology, in particular, for the preferential transport through different target compartments, including cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus. Besides the conventional entry mechanisms based on crossing the cellular membrane, an insight into modern physical approaches to quantitatively deliver nanomaterials inside cells, such as microinjection and electro-poration, is provided. Recent hypotheses on how the nanoparticle structure and functionalization may affect the interactions at the nano-bio interface, which in turn mediate the nanoparticle internalization routes, are highlighted. In addition, some hurdles when this small interface faces the physiological environment and how this phenomenon can turn into different unexpected responses, are discussed. Finally, possible future developments oriented to synergistically tailor biological and chemical properties of nanoconjugates to improve the control over nanoparticle transport, which could open new scenarios in the field of nanomedicine, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Verderio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Svetlana Avvakumova
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “Luigi Sacco”; Università di Milano; Ospedale L. Sacco, via G. B. Grassi 74 20157 Milano Italy
| | - Giulia Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “Luigi Sacco”; Università di Milano; Ospedale L. Sacco, via G. B. Grassi 74 20157 Milano Italy
| | - Michela Bellini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “Luigi Sacco”; Università di Milano; Ospedale L. Sacco, via G. B. Grassi 74 20157 Milano Italy
| | - Jesus Peñaranda Avila
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Benedetta Santini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università di Milano-Bicocca; piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS; Via Capecelatro 66 20148 Milan Italy
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660
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Albanese A, Walkey CD, Olsen JB, Guo H, Emili A, Chan WCW. Secreted biomolecules alter the biological identity and cellular interactions of nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5515-26. [PMID: 24797313 DOI: 10.1021/nn4061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A nanoparticle's physical and chemical properties at the time of cell contact will determine the ensuing cellular response. Aggregation and the formation of a protein corona in the extracellular environment will alter nanoparticle size, shape, and surface properties, giving it a "biological identity" that is distinct from its initial "synthetic identity". The biological identity of a nanoparticle depends on the composition of the surrounding biological environment and determines subsequent cellular interactions. When studying nanoparticle-cell interactions, previous studies have ignored the dynamic composition of the extracellular environment as cells deplete and secrete biomolecules in a process known as "conditioning". Here, we show that cell conditioning induces gold nanoparticle aggregation and changes the protein corona composition in a manner that depends on nanoparticle diameter, surface chemistry, and cell phenotype. The evolution of the biological identity in conditioned media enhances the cell membrane affinity, uptake, and retention of nanoparticles. These results show that dynamic extracellular environments can alter nanoparticle-cell interactions by modulating the biological identity. The effect of the dynamic nature of biological environments on the biological identity of nanoparticles must be considered to fully understand nano-bio interactions and prevent data misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Albanese
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5R 0A3, Canada
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661
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Sabella S, Carney RP, Brunetti V, Malvindi MA, Al-Juffali N, Vecchio G, Janes SM, Bakr OM, Cingolani R, Stellacci F, Pompa PP. A general mechanism for intracellular toxicity of metal-containing nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7052-61. [PMID: 24842463 PMCID: PMC4120234 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the risks exerted by nanoparticles is a key challenge for academic, industrial, and regulatory communities worldwide. Experimental evidence points towards significant toxicity for a range of nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. Worldwide efforts aim at uncovering the underlying mechanisms for this toxicity. Here, we show that the intracellular ion release elicited by the acidic conditions of the lysosomal cellular compartment--where particles are abundantly internalized--is responsible for the cascading events associated with nanoparticles-induced intracellular toxicity. We call this mechanism a "lysosome-enhanced Trojan horse effect" since, in the case of nanoparticles, the protective cellular machinery designed to degrade foreign objects is actually responsible for their toxicity. To test our hypothesis, we compare the toxicity of similar gold particles whose main difference is in the internalization pathways. We show that particles known to pass directly through cell membranes become more toxic when modified so as to be mostly internalized by endocytosis. Furthermore, using experiments with chelating and lysosomotropic agents, we found that the toxicity mechanism for different metal containing NPs (such as metallic, metal oxide, and semiconductor NPs) is mainly associated with the release of the corresponding toxic ions. Finally, we show that particles unable to release toxic ions (such as stably coated NPs, or diamond and silica NPs) are not harmful to intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sabella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano (Lecce) , Italy . ; Fax: +39-0832-1816230 ; Tel: +39-0832-1816214
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Institute of Materials , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland . ; Fax: +41 21 6935270 ; Tel: +41 21 6937872
| | - Virgilio Brunetti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano (Lecce) , Italy . ; Fax: +39-0832-1816230 ; Tel: +39-0832-1816214
| | - Maria Ada Malvindi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano (Lecce) , Italy . ; Fax: +39-0832-1816230 ; Tel: +39-0832-1816214
| | - Noura Al-Juffali
- Institute of Materials , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland . ; Fax: +41 21 6935270 ; Tel: +41 21 6937872
- Centre For Respiratory Research , Rayne Institute , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , UK
| | - Giuseppe Vecchio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano (Lecce) , Italy . ; Fax: +39-0832-1816230 ; Tel: +39-0832-1816214
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Centre For Respiratory Research , Rayne Institute , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , UK
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Cingolani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Central Research Laboratories , Via Morego , 30-16136 Genova , Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland . ; Fax: +41 21 6935270 ; Tel: +41 21 6937872
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano (Lecce) , Italy . ; Fax: +39-0832-1816230 ; Tel: +39-0832-1816214
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662
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Zarschler K, Prapainop K, Mahon E, Rocks L, Bramini M, Kelly PM, Stephan H, Dawson KA. Diagnostic nanoparticle targeting of the EGF-receptor in complex biological conditions using single-domain antibodies. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6046-6056. [PMID: 24777583 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For effective localization of functionalized nanoparticles at diseased tissues such as solid tumours or metastases through biorecognition, appropriate targeting vectors directed against selected tumour biomarkers are a key prerequisite. The diversity of such vector molecules ranges from proteins, including antibodies and fragments thereof, through aptamers and glycans to short peptides and small molecules. Here, we analyse the specific nanoparticle targeting capabilities of two previously suggested peptides (D4 and GE11) and a small camelid single-domain antibody (sdAb), representing potential recognition agents for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We investigate specificity by way of receptor RNA silencing techniques and look at increasing complexity in vitro by introducing increasing concentrations of human or bovine serum. Peptides D4 and GE11 proved problematic to employ and conjugation resulted in non-receptor specific uptake into cells. Our results show that sdAb-functionalized particles can effectively target the EGFR, even in more complex bovine and human serum conditions where targeting specificity is largely conserved for increasing serum concentration. In human serum however, an inhibition of overall nanoparticle uptake is observed with increasing protein concentration. For highly affine targeting ligands such as sdAbs, targeting a receptor such as EGFR with low serum competitor abundance, receptor recognition function can still be partially realised in complex conditions. Here, we stress the value of evaluating the targeting efficiency of nanoparticle constructs in realistic biological milieu, prior to more extensive in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
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663
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PEGylation of ORMOSIL nanoparticles differently modulates the in vitro toxicity toward human lung cells. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:607-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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664
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Howard M, Zern BJ, Anselmo AC, Shuvaev VV, Mitragotri S, Muzykantov V. Vascular targeting of nanocarriers: perplexing aspects of the seemingly straightforward paradigm. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4100-32. [PMID: 24787360 PMCID: PMC4046791 DOI: 10.1021/nn500136z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nanomedicine holds promise to find clinical use in many medical areas. Endothelial cells that line the luminal surface of blood vessels represent a key target for treatment of inflammation, ischemia, thrombosis, stroke, and other neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological conditions. In other cases, the endothelium is a barrier for tissue penetration or a victim of adverse effects. Several endothelial surface markers including peptidases (e.g., ACE, APP, and APN) and adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM-1 and PECAM) have been identified as key targets. Binding of nanocarriers to these molecules enables drug targeting and subsequent penetration into or across the endothelium, offering therapeutic effects that are unattainable by their nontargeted counterparts. We analyze diverse aspects of endothelial nanomedicine including (i) circulation and targeting of carriers with diverse geometries, (ii) multivalent interactions of carrier with endothelium, (iii) anchoring to multiple determinants, (iv) accessibility of binding sites and cellular response to their engagement, (v) role of cell phenotype and microenvironment in targeting, (vi) optimization of targeting by lowering carrier avidity, (vii) endocytosis of multivalent carriers via molecules not implicated in internalization of their ligands, and (viii) modulation of cellular uptake and trafficking by selection of specific epitopes on the target determinant, carrier geometry, and hydrodynamic factors. Refinement of these aspects and improving our understanding of vascular biology and pathology is likely to enable the clinical translation of vascular endothelial targeting of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Howard
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Blaine J. Zern
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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665
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Protein corona composition of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with various physico-chemical properties and coatings. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5020. [PMID: 24846348 PMCID: PMC5381372 DOI: 10.1038/srep05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles NPs (SPIONs) are recognized as some of the most prominent agents for theranostic applications. Thus, understanding the interaction of SPIONs with biological systems is important for their safe design and efficient applications. In this study, SPIONs were coated with 2 different polymers: polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA) and dextran. The obtained NPs with different surface charges (positive, neutral, and negative) were used as a model study of the effect of surface charges and surface polymer materials on protein adsorption using a magnetic separator. We found that the PVA-coated SPIONs with negative and neutral surface charge adsorbed more serum proteins than the dextran-coated SPIONs, which resulted in higher blood circulation time for PVA-coated NPs than the dextran-coated ones. Highly abundant proteins such as serum albumin, serotransferrin, prothrombin, alpha-fetoprotein, and kininogen-1 were commonly found on both PVA- and dextran-coated SPIONs. By increasing the ionic strength, soft- and hard-corona proteins were observed on 3 types of PVA-SPIONs. However, the tightly bound proteins were observed only on negatively charged PVA-coated SPIONs after the strong protein elution.
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666
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Food grade titanium dioxide disrupts intestinal brush border microvilli in vitro independent of sedimentation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:169-88. [PMID: 24817113 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bulk- and nano-scale titanium dioxide (TiO2) has found use in human food products for controlling color, texture, and moisture. Once ingested, and because of their small size, nano-scale TiO2 can interact with a number of epithelia that line the human gastrointestinal tract. One such epithelium responsible for nutrient absorption is the small intestine, whose constituent cells contain microvilli to increase the total surface area of the gut. Using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy it was found that food grade TiO2 (E171 food additive coded) included ∼25% of the TiO2 as nanoparticles (NPs; <100 nm), and disrupted the normal organization of the microvilli as a consequence of TiO2 sedimentation. It was found that TiO2 isolated from the candy coating of chewing gum and a commercially available TiO2 food grade additive samples were of the anatase crystal structure. Exposure to food grade TiO2 additives, containing nanoparticles, at the lowest concentration tested within this experimental paradigm to date at 350 ng/mL (i.e., 100 ng/cm(2) cell surface area) resulted in disruption of the brush border. Through the use of two independent techniques to remove the effects of gravity, and subsequent TiO2 sedimentation, it was found that disruption of the microvilli was independent of sedimentation. These data indicate that food grade TiO2 exposure resulted in the loss of microvilli from the Caco-2BBe1 cell system due to a biological response, and not simply a physical artifact of in vitro exposure.
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667
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Yao J, Yang M, Duan Y. Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine of Fluorescent Nanomaterials and Related Systems: New Insights into Biosensing, Bioimaging, Genomics, Diagnostics, and Therapy. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200359p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical and Testing Center,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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668
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Banerjee V, Das KP. Structure and functional properties of a multimeric protein αA-Crystallin adsorbed on silver nanoparticle surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4775-4783. [PMID: 24694218 DOI: 10.1021/la5007007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins adsorb onto a nanoparticle surface to form a protein-nanoparticle corona which becomes the identity of the nanoparticle in the cellular environment. Conformation of the protein at the interface influences the cellular uptake of the nanoparticle. Hence, interaction of proteins with nanomaterials is of special significance in the field of biotechnology. Adsorption of protein on the nanoparticle surface is a complex process that depends on the dielectric properties and pH of the medium, surface morphology and surface heterogeneity of the nanoparticle, and the quaternary structure of the protein. Thus, interaction of a large multimeric protein with a nanoparticle will be different from that of small oligomeric proteins. In this article we report the conformational and functional properties of a large oligomeric protein αA-Crystallin, a major constituent of the mammalian eye lens, adsorbed onto silver nanoparticle surface. Selective alkylation of the two cysteine residues at the α-Crystallin domain, followed by ITC study showed that these residues play crucial roles in the interaction process. The chaperone function and the refolding capacity of the protein, which is primarily governed by the α-Crystallin domain, are lost to a significant extent when adsorbed onto AgNP surface. The protein in the interface also shows loss of oligomerization that is linked to the biological activity of the protein. Nonetheless, the protein at bio-nano interface shows resistance to urea unfolding process as compared to protein in the solution phase. This might be due to the coordination of AgNP with two cysteine residues of β8 and β9 region of the α-Crystallin domain that imparts extra stability. The compactness in the structure of the adsorbed protein reduces the dynamics of the subunit exchange, which was confirmed by the FRET study. The secondary structure of αA-Crystallin bound to AgNP at substoichiometric ratio remained native-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Bose Institute , 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India
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669
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Gao H, Hu G, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Jiang X, He Q. Pretreatment with chemotherapeutics for enhanced nanoparticles accumulation in tumor: the potential role of G2 cycle retention effect. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4492. [PMID: 24670376 PMCID: PMC3967147 DOI: 10.1038/srep04492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands were anchored onto nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the cell internalization and tumor localization of chemotherapeutics. However, the clinical application was shadowed by the complex preparation procedure and the immunogenicity and poor selectivity and stability of ligands. In this study, a novel strategy was developed to elevate the tumor cellular uptake and tumor localization of NPs utilizing the G2/M phase retention effect of docetaxel, one of the most common chemotherapeutics. Results showed pretreatment with docetaxel could effectively arrest cells in G2/M phase, leading to an enhanced cell uptake of NPs, which may be caused by the facilitated endocytosis of NPs. In vivo imaging and slice distribution also demonstrated the pretreatment with docetaxel improved the localization of NPs in tumor. This strategy can be easily transferred to clinical for cancer management. Combination chemotherapeutics injections with commercial nano-drugs may result in better antitumor effect than the administration of a single drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University; No.17 Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanlian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University; No.17 Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University; No.17 Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University; 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University; 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University; No.17 Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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670
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticle impact and translocation through ex vivo, in vivo and in vitro gut epithelia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:13. [PMID: 24666995 PMCID: PMC3987106 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TiO2 particles are commonly used as dietary supplements and may contain up to 36% of nano-sized particles (TiO2-NPs). Still impact and translocation of NPs through the gut epithelium is poorly documented. Results We show that, in vivo and ex vivo, agglomerates of TiO2-NPs cross both the regular ileum epithelium and the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and alter the paracellular permeability of the ileum and colon epithelia. In vitro, they accumulate in M-cells and mucus-secreting cells, much less in enterocytes. They do not cause overt cytotoxicity or apoptosis. They translocate through a model of FAE only, but induce tight junctions remodeling in the regular ileum epithelium, which is a sign of integrity alteration and suggests paracellular passage of NPs. Finally we prove that TiO2-NPs do not dissolve when sequestered up to 24 h in gut cells. Conclusions Taken together these data prove that TiO2-NPs would possibly translocate through both the regular epithelium lining the ileum and through Peyer’s patches, would induce epithelium impairment, and would persist in gut cells where they would possibly induce chronic damage.
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671
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Walkey CD, Olsen JB, Song F, Liu R, Guo H, Olsen DWH, Cohen Y, Emili A, Chan WCW. Protein corona fingerprinting predicts the cellular interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2439-55. [PMID: 24517450 DOI: 10.1021/nn406018q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Using quantitative models to predict the biological interactions of nanoparticles will accelerate the translation of nanotechnology. Here, we characterized the serum protein corona 'fingerprint' formed around a library of 105 surface-modified gold nanoparticles. Applying a bioinformatics-inspired approach, we developed a multivariate model that uses the protein corona fingerprint to predict cell association 50% more accurately than a model that uses parameters describing nanoparticle size, aggregation state, and surface charge. Our model implicates a set of hyaluronan-binding proteins as mediators of nanoparticle-cell interactions. This study establishes a framework for developing a comprehensive database of protein corona fingerprints and biological responses for multiple nanoparticle types. Such a database can be used to develop quantitative relationships that predict the biological responses to nanoparticles and will aid in uncovering the fundamental mechanisms of nano-bio interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Walkey
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, §Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, ⊥Department of Chemical Engineering, ∥Department of Chemistry, #Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
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672
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Lisse D, Richter CP, Drees C, Birkholz O, You C, Rampazzo E, Piehler J. Monofunctional stealth nanoparticle for unbiased single molecule tracking inside living cells. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2189-2195. [PMID: 24655019 DOI: 10.1021/nl500637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of a protein cage scaffold, we have systematically explored intracellular application of nanoparticles for single molecule studies and discovered that recognition by the autophagy machinery plays a key role for rapid metabolism in the cytosol. Intracellular stealth nanoparticles were achieved by heavy surface PEGylation. By combination with a generic approach for nanoparticle monofunctionalization, efficient labeling of intracellular proteins with high fidelity was accomplished, allowing unbiased long-term tracking of proteins in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenik Lisse
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück , Osnabrück, Germany
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673
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Wolfram J, Yang Y, Shen J, Moten A, Chen C, Shen H, Ferrari M, Zhao Y. The nano-plasma interface: Implications of the protein corona. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 124:17-24. [PMID: 24656615 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between nanoparticles and macromolecules in the blood plasma dictate the biocompatibility and efficacy of nanotherapeutics. Accordingly, the properties of nanoparticles and endogenous biomolecules change at the nano-plasma interface. Here, we review the implications of such changes including toxicity, immunological recognition, molecular targeting, biodistribution, intracellular uptake, and drug release. Although this interface poses several challenges for nanomedicine, it also presents opportunities for exploiting nanoparticle-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Asad Moten
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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674
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Ma Z, Bai J, Wang Y, Jiang X. Impact of shape and pore size of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on serum protein adsorption and RBCs hemolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2431-2438. [PMID: 24460090 DOI: 10.1021/am404860q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with numerous forms and structures have been synthesized and extensively applied in biomedicine in the past decades. However, our knowledge about the biocompatibility of the developed MSNs has not matched their development. Therefore, in this work, we have synthesized sphere-shaped MSNs with different pore scales (s-SPs and l-SPs) and rod-shape (RPs-3) MSNs to evaluate the influence of the morphology and pore size on their interaction with serum proteins and red blood cells (RBCs). The adsorption of human albumin (HSA), globulin (HGG), and fibrinogen (HSF) onto different kinds of MSNs has been analyzed by pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the conformational changes of the adsorbed proteins have been studied by FTIR spectroscopy. We find that the conformation of absorbed HSA and HSF, while not HGG, will be affected by the pore size and morphology of the MSNs. The conformational changes of the adsorbed proteins will further affect their saturated adsorption capacity. However, the initial adsorption rate is only determined by the property of MSNs and proteins. Additional hemolysis assay shows that the pore size and morphology of the MSNs will also affect their hemolytic activity in RBCs which will be extremely depressed by the formation of protein corona. These systematic studies will provide an overall understanding in the blood compatibility of MSNs as well as useful guidelines for fabrication of blood-compatible nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People's Republic of China
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675
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Hu Z, Zhao L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wu R, Zou H. The on-bead digestion of protein corona on nanoparticles by trypsin immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticle. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1334:55-63. [PMID: 24572545 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins interacting with nanoparticles would form the protein coronas on the surface of nanoparticles in biological systems, which would critically impact the biological identities of nanoparticles and/or result in the physiological and pathological consequences. The enzymatic digestion of protein corona was the primary step to achieve the identification of protein components of the protein corona for the bottom-up proteomic approaches. In this study, the investigation on the tryptic digestion of protein corona by the immobilized trypsin on a magnetic nanoparticle was carried out for the first time. As a comparison with the usual overnight long-time digestion and the severe self-digestion of free trypsin, the on-bead digestion of protein corona by the immobilized trypsin could be accomplished within 1h, along with the significantly reduced self-digestion of trypsin and the improved reproducibility on the identification of proteins by the mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach. It showed that the number of identified bovine serum (BS) proteins on the commercial Fe3O4 nanoparticles was increased by 13% for the immobilized trypsin with 1h digestion as compared to that of using free trypsin with even overnight digestion. In addition, the on-bead digestion of using the immobilized trypsin was further applied on the identification of human plasma protein corona on the commercial Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which leads the efficient digestion of the human plasma proteins and the identification of 149 human plasma proteins corresponding to putative critical pathways and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren'an Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hanfa Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China.
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676
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Treuel L, Brandholt S, Maffre P, Wiegele S, Shang L, Nienhaus GU. Impact of protein modification on the protein corona on nanoparticles and nanoparticle-cell interactions. ACS NANO 2014; 8:503-13. [PMID: 24377255 DOI: 10.1021/nn405019v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have firmly established that cellular uptake of nanoparticles is strongly affected by the presence and the physicochemical properties of a protein adsorption layer around these nanoparticles. Here, we have modified human serum albumin (HSA), a serum protein often used in model studies of protein adsorption onto nanoparticles, to alter its surface charge distribution and investigated the consequences for protein corona formation around small (radius ∼5 nm), dihydrolipoic acid-coated quantum dots (DHLA-QDs) by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. HSA modified by succinic anhydride (HSAsuc) to generate additional carboxyl groups on the protein surface showed a 3-fold decreased binding affinity toward the nanoparticles. A 1000-fold enhanced affinity was observed for HSA modified by ethylenediamine (HSAam) to increase the number of amino functions on the protein surface. Remarkably, HSAsuc formed a much thicker protein adsorption layer (8.1 nm) than native HSA (3.3 nm), indicating that it binds in a distinctly different orientation on the nanoparticle, whereas the HSAam corona (4.6 nm) is only slightly thicker. Notably, protein binding to DHLA-QDs was found to be entirely reversible, independent of the modification. We have also measured the extent and kinetics of internalization of these nanoparticles without and with adsorbed native and modified HSA by HeLa cells. Pronounced variations were observed, indicating that even small physicochemical changes of the protein corona may affect biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Treuel
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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677
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Horie M, Nishio K, Kato H, Endoh S, Fujita K, Nakamura A, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Iwahashi H. Evaluation of cellular effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:196-203. [PMID: 24392881 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.879505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (nSiO2s) are an important type of manufactured nanoparticles. Although there are some reports about the cytotoxicity of nSiO2, the association between physical and chemical properties of nSiO2s and their cellular effects is still unclear. In this study, we examined the correlation between the physiochemical properties and cellular effects of three kinds of amorphous nSiO2s; sub-micro-scale amorphous SiO2, and micro-scale amorphous and crystalline SiO2 particles. The SiO2 particles were dispersed in culture medium and applied to HaCaT human keratinocytes and A549 human lung carcinoma cells. nSiO2s showed stronger protein adsorption than larger SiO2 particles. Moreover, the cellular effects of SiO2 particles were independent of the particle size and crystalline phase. The extent of cell membrane damage and intracellular ROS levels were different among nSiO2s. Upon exposure to nSiO2s, some cells released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), whereas another nSiO2 did not induce LDH release. nSiO2s caused a slight increase in intracellular ROS levels. These cellular effects were independent of the specific surface area and primary particle size of the nSiO2s. Additionally, association of solubility and protein adsorption ability of nSiO2 to its cellular effects seemed to be small. Taken together, our data suggest that nSiO2s do not exert potent cytotoxic effects on cells in culture, especially compared to the effects of micro-scale SiO2 particles. Further studies are needed to address the role of surface properties of nSiO2s on cellular processes and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Fukuoka , Japan
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678
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Hanada S, Fujioka K, Inoue Y, Kanaya F, Manome Y, Yamamoto K. Cell-based in vitro blood-brain barrier model can rapidly evaluate nanoparticles' brain permeability in association with particle size and surface modification. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1812-25. [PMID: 24469316 PMCID: PMC3958822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15021812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of nanoparticle (NP) uptake to the human central nervous system is a major concern. Recent reports showed that in animal models, nanoparticles (NPs) passed through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). For the safe use of NPs, it is imperative to evaluate the permeability of NPs through the BBB. Here we used a commercially available in vitro BBB model to evaluate the permeability of NPs for a rapid, easy and reproducible assay. The model is reconstructed by culturing both primary rat brain endothelial cells and pericytes to support the tight junctions of endothelial cells. We used the permeability coefficient (Papp) to determine the permeability of NPs. The size dependency results, using fluorescent silica NPs (30, 100, and 400 nm), revealed that the Papp for the 30 nm NPs was higher than those of the larger silica. The surface charge dependency results using Qdots® (amino-, carboxyl-, and PEGylated-Qdots), showed that more amino-Qdots passed through the model than the other Qdots. Usage of serum-containing buffer in the model resulted in an overall reduction of permeability. In conclusion, although additional developments are desired to elucidate the NPs transportation, we showed that the BBB model could be useful as a tool to test the permeability of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshiro Hanada
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kouki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Fumihide Kanaya
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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679
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Malvindi MA, De Matteis V, Galeone A, Brunetti V, Anyfantis GC, Athanassiou A, Cingolani R, Pompa PP. Toxicity assessment of silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles and biocompatibility improvement by surface engineering. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85835. [PMID: 24465736 PMCID: PMC3897540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied in vitro toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) coated with a thin silica shell (Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs) on A549 and HeLa cells. We compared bare and surface passivated Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs to evaluate the effects of the coating on the particle stability and toxicity. NPs cytotoxicity was investigated by cell viability, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, and their genotoxicity by comet assay. Our results show that NPs surface passivation reduces the oxidative stress and alteration of iron homeostasis and, consequently, the overall toxicity, despite bare and passivated NPs show similar cell internalization efficiency. We found that the higher toxicity of bare NPs is due to their stronger in-situ degradation, with larger intracellular release of iron ions, as compared to surface passivated NPs. Our results indicate that surface engineering of Fe3O4/SiO2 NPs plays a key role in improving particles stability in biological environments reducing both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ada Malvindi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Antonio Galeone
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Virgilio Brunetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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680
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MONOPOLI MARCOP, WAN SHA, BOMBELLI FRANCESCABALDELLI, MAHON EUGENE, DAWSON KENNETHA. COMPARISONS OF NANOPARTICLE PROTEIN CORONA COMPLEXES ISOLATED WITH DIFFERENT METHODS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984413430046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, after incubation in biological fluids, adsorb several kinds of biomolecules like lipids, sugars and mainly proteins with high affinities for the nanoparticle surface and with long residence time, forming the so-called hard corona. The biological machinery, such as cellular barriers and membrane receptors can directly engage with the protein corona while the pristine surface may remain inaccessible. Here we isolate nanoparticles associated with strongly bound biomolecules from the unbound and loosely bound ones, by different approaches: centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography and magnetic isolation. The different separation methodologies, despite requiring diverse time and operating mechanisms, gave nanoparticle-hard corona complexes which were found to be remarkably similar in both dispersion properties and protein composition thus proving to be equally valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARCO P. MONOPOLI
- Centre for BioNano Interactions and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - SHA WAN
- Centre for BioNano Interactions and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - FRANCESCA BALDELLI BOMBELLI
- CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria, Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - EUGENE MAHON
- Centre for BioNano Interactions and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - KENNETH A. DAWSON
- Centre for BioNano Interactions and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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681
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Hill A, Payne CK. Impact of Serum Proteins on MRI Contrast Agents: Cellular Binding and T 2 relaxation. RSC Adv 2014; 4:31735-31744. [PMID: 25485101 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) used as MRI contrast agents or for theranostic applications encounter a complex mixture of extracellular proteins that adsorb on the SPION surface forming a protein corona. Our goal was to understand how cellular binding and T2 relaxation times are affected by this protein corona. Our studies focused on carboxymethyl dextran-modified SPIONs, chosen for their similarity to Resovist SPIONs used to detect liver lesions. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we find that the cellular binding of SPIONs to both macrophages and epithelial cells is significantly inhibited by serum proteins. To determine if this decreased binding is due to the iron oxide core or the carboxymethyl dextran surface coating, we functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles with a similar carboxymethyl dextran coating. We find a comparable decrease in cellular binding for the carboxymethyl dextran-polystyrene nanoparticles indicating that the carbohydrate surface modification is the key factor in SPION-cell interactions. NMR measurements showed that T2 relaxation times are not affected by corona formation. These results indicate that SPIONs have a decreased binding to cells under physiological conditions, possibly limiting their use in theranostic applications. We expect these results will be useful in the design of SPIONs for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - Christine K Payne
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
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682
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Lynch I, Dawson KA, Lead JR, Valsami-Jones E. Macromolecular Coronas and Their Importance in Nanotoxicology and Nanoecotoxicology. NANOSCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099408-6.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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683
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Chen AL, Hu YS, Jackson MA, Lin AY, Young JK, Langsner RJ, Drezek RA. Quantifying spectral changes experienced by plasmonic nanoparticles in a cellular environment to inform biomedical nanoparticle design. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:454. [PMID: 25258596 PMCID: PMC4164329 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) scatter and absorb light in precise, designable ways, making them agile candidates for a variety of biomedical applications. When NPs are introduced to a physiological environment and interact with cells, their physicochemical properties can change as proteins adsorb on their surface and they agglomerate within intracellular endosomal vesicles. Since the plasmonic properties of metal NPs are dependent on their geometry and local environment, these physicochemical changes may alter the NPs' plasmonic properties, on which applications such as plasmonic photothermal therapy and photonic gene circuits are based. Here we systematically study and quantify how metal NPs' optical spectra change upon introduction to a cellular environment in which NPs agglomerate within endosomal vesicles. Using darkfield hyperspectral imaging, we measure changes in the peak wavelength, broadening, and distribution of 100-nm spherical gold NPs' optical spectra following introduction to human breast adenocarcinoma Sk-Br-3 cells as a function of NP exposure dose and time. On a cellular level, spectra shift up to 78.6 ± 23.5 nm after 24 h of NP exposure. Importantly, spectra broaden with time, achieving a spectral width of 105.9 ± 11.7 nm at 95% of the spectrum's maximum intensity after 24 h. On an individual intracellular NP cluster (NPC) level, spectra also show significant shifting, broadening, and heterogeneity after 24 h. Cellular transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electromagnetic simulations of NPCs support the trends in spectral changes we measured. These quantitative data can help guide the design of metal NPs introduced to cellular environments in plasmonic NP-mediated biomedical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen L Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ying S Hu
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Adam Y Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Joseph K Young
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Robert J Langsner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Rebekah A Drezek
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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684
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685
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Chatterjee S, Mukherjee TK. Spectroscopic investigation of interaction between bovine serum albumin and amine-functionalized silicon quantum dots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8400-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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686
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Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Piovesana S, Colapicchioni V, Palchetti S, Riccioli A, Laganà A. A proteomics-based methodology to investigate the protein corona effect for targeted drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:2815-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we introduce a proteomics methodology based on nanoliquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC/MS-MS) to investigate the “protein corona effect for targeted drug delivery”.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A. L. Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - V. Colapicchioni
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza
- Rome, Italy
| | - S. Palchetti
- Department of Anatomy
- Histology
- Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
| | - A. Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy
- Histology
- Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
| | - A. Laganà
- Department of Chemistry
- “Sapienza” University of Rome
- 00185 Rome, Italy
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687
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Kuhn DA, Vanhecke D, Michen B, Blank F, Gehr P, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1625-36. [PMID: 25383275 PMCID: PMC4222452 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise knowledge regarding cellular uptake of nanoparticles is of great importance for future biomedical applications. Four different endocytotic uptake mechanisms, that is, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, were investigated using a mouse macrophage (J774A.1) and a human alveolar epithelial type II cell line (A549). In order to deduce the involved pathway in nanoparticle uptake, selected inhibitors specific for one of the endocytotic pathways were optimized regarding concentration and incubation time in combination with fluorescently tagged marker proteins. Qualitative immunolocalization showed that J774A.1 cells highly expressed the lipid raft-related protein flotillin-1 and clathrin heavy chain, however, no caveolin-1. A549 cells expressed clathrin heavy chain and caveolin-1, but no flotillin-1 uptake-related proteins. Our data revealed an impeded uptake of 40 nm polystyrene nanoparticles by J774A.1 macrophages when actin polymerization and clathrin-coated pit formation was blocked. From this result, it is suggested that macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, play a crucial role. The uptake of 40 nm nanoparticles in alveolar epithelial A549 cells was inhibited after depletion of cholesterol in the plasma membrane (preventing caveolin-mediated endocytosis) and inhibition of clathrin-coated vesicles (preventing clathrin-mediated endocytosis). Our data showed that a combination of several distinguishable endocytotic uptake mechanisms are involved in the uptake of 40 nm polystyrene nanoparticles in both the macrophage and epithelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar A Kuhn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, Phone +41 26 300 95 02
| | - Dimitri Vanhecke
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, Phone +41 26 300 95 02
| | - Benjamin Michen
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, Phone +41 26 300 95 02
| | - Fabian Blank
- Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gehr
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, Phone +41 26 300 95 02
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, Phone +41 26 300 95 02
- Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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688
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Treuel L, Eslahian KA, Docter D, Lang T, Zellner R, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU, Stauber RH, Maskos M. Physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles and their behavior in the biological environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15053-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Whilst the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles in the gas or idealized solvent phase can nowadays be characterized with sufficient accuracy, this is no longer the case for particles in the presence of a complex biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Treuel
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM
- 55129 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | - D. Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/Mainz Screening Center (MSC)
- University Hospital of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Lang
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM
- 55129 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Zellner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - K. Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. U. Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - R. H. Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/Mainz Screening Center (MSC)
- University Hospital of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Maskos
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM
- 55129 Mainz, Germany
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689
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Gunawan C, Lim M, Marquis CP, Amal R. Nanoparticle–protein corona complexes govern the biological fates and functions of nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2060-2083. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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690
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Krpetić Z, Anguissola S, Garry D, Kelly PM, Dawson KA. Nanomaterials: impact on cells and cell organelles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:135-56. [PMID: 24683031 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticles designed for the interactions with cells are very small, nanoscale objects usually consisting of inorganic cores and organic shells that are dispersed in a buffer or biological medium. By tuning the material properties of the nanoparticles a number of different biological applications of nanomaterials are enabled i.e. targeting, labelling, drug delivery, use as diagnostic tools or therapy. For all biological applications of nanoparticles, it is important to understand their interactions with the surrounding biological environment in order to predict their biological impact, in particular when designing the nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, the surface of nanomaterials is very reactive. When exposed to biological fluids, the proteins and biomolecules present therein tend to associate with the nanoparticles' surface. This phenomenon is defined as biomolecular corona formation. The biomolecular corona plays a key role in the interaction between nanoparticles and biological systems, impacting on how these particles interact with biological systems on a cellular and molecular level. This book chapter describes the nature of the interactions at the bio-nano interface, shows the design strategy of nanoparticles for nanomedicine, and defines the concepts of biomolecular corona and biological identity of nanoparticles. Moreover, it describes the interaction of functionalised nanomaterials with cell organelles and intracellular fate of nanoparticles and it shows therapeutic application of gold nanoparticles as dose enhancers in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Krpetić
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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691
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Mesoporous silica shell alleviates cytotoxicity and inflammation induced by colloidal silica particles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 116:334-42. [PMID: 24513963 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell mesoporous silica (MPS) materials have been proven to perform multiple simultaneous functions in biological systems and they demonstrate a vast potential for applications in the medical arena. Exploring such extensive potential requires a meticulous evaluation of their interactions with cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of MPS-shells on the viability and activation of human THP-1 macrophages by comparing core-shell MPS with colloidal silica particles. In the present study we find core-shell MPS particles with a solid colloidal silica core and a thin MPS-shell deliver significantly less cytotoxicity than their nonporous counterparts and induce lower expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Moreover, core-shell MPS particles show no effect on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while colloidal silica particles do activate MAPKs under identical conditions. The corona of core-shell MPS particles is composed of a greater amount and variety of proteins as compared with colloidal silica particles. The abundant protein composition of the corona may inhibit the cellular toxicity by masking surface silanol groups at the MPS-cellular interface. In conclusion, the MPS-shell significantly alleviates both cytotoxicity and immune responses induced by colloidal silica particles while greatly improving the biocompatibility of colloidal silica materials.
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692
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Yan Y, Gause KT, Kamphuis MMJ, Ang CS, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Lenzo JC, Reynolds EC, Nice EC, Caruso F. Differential roles of the protein corona in the cellular uptake of nanoporous polymer particles by monocyte and macrophage cell lines. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10960-70. [PMID: 24256422 DOI: 10.1021/nn404481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many biomolecules, mainly proteins, adsorb onto polymer particles to form a dynamic protein corona in biological environments. The protein corona can significantly influence particle-cell interactions, including internalization and pathway activation. In this work, we demonstrate the differential roles of a given protein corona formed in cell culture media in particle uptake by monocytes and macrophages. By exposing disulfide-stabilized poly(methacrylic acid) nanoporous polymer particles (PMASH NPPs) to complete cell growth media containing 10% fetal bovine serum, a protein corona, with the most abundant component being bovine serum albumin, was characterized. Upon adsorption onto the PMASH NPPs, native bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to undergo conformational changes. The denatured BSA led to a significant decrease in internalization efficiency in human monocytic cells, THP-1, compared with the bare particles, due to reduced cell membrane adhesion. In contrast, the unfolded BSA on the NPPs triggered class A scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis in differentiated macrophage-like cells (dTHP-1) without a significant impact on the overall internalization efficiency. Taken together, this work demonstrates the disparate effects of a given protein corona on particle-cell interactions, highlighting the correlation between protein corona conformation in situ and relevant biological characteristics for biological functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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693
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Hu G, Jiao B, Shi X, Valle RP, Fan Q, Zuo YY. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles regulate translocation across pulmonary surfactant monolayer and formation of lipoprotein corona. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10525-33. [PMID: 24266809 PMCID: PMC5362675 DOI: 10.1021/nn4054683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interaction with the pulmonary surfactant film, being the first line of host defense, represents the initial bio-nano interaction in the lungs. Such interaction determines the fate of the inhaled nanoparticles and their potential therapeutic or toxicological effect. Despite considerable progress in optimizing physicochemical properties of nanoparticles for improved delivery and targeting, the mechanisms by which inhaled nanoparticles interact with the pulmonary surfactant film are still largely unknown. Here, using combined in vitro and in silico methods, we show how hydrophobicity and surface charge of nanoparticles differentially regulate the translocation and interaction with the pulmonary surfactant film. While hydrophilic nanoparticles generally translocate quickly across the pulmonary surfactant film, a significant portion of hydrophobic nanoparticles are trapped by the surfactant film and encapsulated in lipid protrusions upon film compression. Our results support a novel model of pulmonary surfactant lipoprotein corona associated with inhaled nanoparticles of different physicochemical properties. Our data suggest that the study of pulmonary nanotoxicology and nanoparticle-based pulmonary drug delivery should consider this lipoprotein corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Address correspondence to ;
| | - Bao Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Russell P. Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Qihui Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Address correspondence to ;
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694
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Hayashi Y, Miclaus T, Scavenius C, Kwiatkowska K, Sobota A, Engelmann P, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Enghild JJ, Sutherland DS. Species differences take shape at nanoparticles: protein corona made of the native repertoire assists cellular interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:14367-14375. [PMID: 24245550 DOI: 10.1021/es404132w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cells recognize the biomolecular corona around a nanoparticle, but the biological identity of the complex may be considerably different among various species. This study explores the importance of protein corona composition for nanoparticle recognition by coelomocytes of the earthworm Eisenia fetida using E. fetida coelomic proteins (EfCP) as a native repertoire and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a non-native reference. We have profiled proteins forming the long-lived corona around silver nanoparticles (75 nm OECD reference materials) and compared the responses of coelomocytes to protein coronas preformed of EfCP or FBS. We find that over time silver nanoparticles can competitively acquire a biological identity native to the cells in situ even in non-native media, and significantly greater cellular accumulation of the nanoparticles was observed with corona complexes preformed of EfCP (p < 0.05). An EfCP-nanoparticle mimicry made with a recombinant protein, lysenin, revealed its critical contribution in the observed cell-nanoparticle response. This confirms the determinant role of the recognizable biological identity during invertebrate in vitro testing of nanoparticles. Our finding shows a case of species-specific formation of biomolecular coronas, and this suggests that the use of representative species may need careful consideration in assessing the risks associated with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hayashi
- iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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695
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Benito-Alifonso D, Tremel S, Hou B, Lockyear H, Mantell J, Fermin DJ, Verkade P, Berry M, Galan MC. Lactose as a “Trojan Horse” for Quantum Dot Cell Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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696
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Benito-Alifonso D, Tremel S, Hou B, Lockyear H, Mantell J, Fermin DJ, Verkade P, Berry M, Galan MC. Lactose as a "Trojan horse" for quantum dot cell transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:810-4. [PMID: 24311369 PMCID: PMC4227560 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of glycan-coated quantum dots were prepared to probe the effect of glycan presentation in intracellular localization in HeLa and SV40 epithelial cells. We show that glycan density mostly impacts on cell toxicity, whereas glycan type affects the cell uptake and intracellular localization. Moreover, we show that lactose can act as a “Trojan horse” on bi-functionalized QDs to help intracellular delivery of other non-internalizable glycan moieties and largely avoid the endosomal/lysosomal degradative pathway.
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697
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Boulos SP, Davis TA, Yang JA, Lohse SE, Alkilany AM, Holland LA, Murphy CJ. Nanoparticle-protein interactions: a thermodynamic and kinetic study of the adsorption of bovine serum albumin to gold nanoparticle surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14984-96. [PMID: 24215427 DOI: 10.1021/la402920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the adsorption process of proteins on nanoparticle surfaces is essential to understand how to control the biological interactions of functionalized nanoparticles. In this work, a library of spherical and rod-shaped gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was used to evaluate the process of protein adsorption to their surfaces. The binding of a model protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) to GNPs as a function of particle shape, size, and surface charge was investigated. Two independent comparative analytical methods were used to evaluate the adsorption process: steady-state fluorescence quenching titration and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). Although under favorable electrostatic conditions kinetic analysis showed a faster adsorption of BSA to the surface of cationic GNPs, equilibrium binding constant determinations indicated that BSA has a comparable binding affinity to all of the GNPs tested, regardless of surface charge. BSA was even found to adsorb strongly to GNPs with a pegylated/neutral surface. However, these fluorescence titrations suffer from significant interference from the strong light absorption of the GNPs. The BSA-GNP equilibrium binding constants, as determined by the ACE method, were 10(5) times lower than values determined using spectroscopic titrations. While both analytical methods could be suitable to determine the binding constants for protein adsorption to NP surfaces, both methods have limitations that complicate the determination of protein-GNP binding constants. The optical properties of GNPs interfere with Ka determinations by static fluorescence quenching analysis. ACE, in contrast, suffers from material compatibility issues, as positively charged GNPs adhere to the walls of the capillary during analysis. Researchers seeking to determine equilibrium binding constants for protein-GNP interactions should therefore utilize as many orthogonal techniques as possible to study a protein-GNP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano P Boulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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698
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Rizzello L, Pompa PP. Nanosilver-based antibacterial drugs and devices: mechanisms, methodological drawbacks, and guidelines. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1501-18. [PMID: 24292075 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the current advancement in drug discovery and pharmaceutical biotechnology, infection diseases induced by bacteria continue to be one of the greatest health problems worldwide, afflicting millions of people annually. Almost all microorganisms have, in fact, an intrinsic outstanding ability to flout many therapeutic interventions, thanks to their fast and easy-to-occur evolutionary genetic mechanisms. At the same time, big pharmaceutical companies are losing interest in new antibiotics development, shifting their capital investments in much more profitable research and development fields. New smart solutions are, thus, required to overcome such concerns, and should combine the feasibility of industrial production processes with cheapness and effectiveness. In this framework, nanotechnology-based solutions, and in particular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have recently emerged as promising candidates in the market as new antibacterial agents. AgNPs display, in fact, enhanced broad-range antibacterial/antiviral properties, and their synthesis procedures are quite cost effective. However, despite their increasing impact on the market, many relevant issues are still open. These include the molecular mechanisms governing the AgNPs-bacteria interactions, the physico-chemical parameters underlying their toxicity to prokaryotes, the lack of standardized methods and materials, and the uncertainty in the definition of general strategies to develop smart antibacterial drugs and devices based on nanosilver. In this review, we analyze the experimental data on the bactericidal effects of AgNPs, discussing the complex scenario and presenting the potential drawbacks and limitations in the techniques and methods employed. Moreover, after analyzing in depth the main mechanisms involved, we provide some general strategies/procedures to perform antibacterial tests of AgNPs, and propose some general guidelines for the design of antibacterial nanosystems and devices based on silver/nanosilver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Rizzello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy.
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699
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Exocytosis of nanoparticles from cells: role in cellular retention and toxicity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 201-202:18-29. [PMID: 24200091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly developed in various biomedical applications such as cell tracking, biosensing, contrast imaging, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Their versatility in design and function has made them an attractive, alternative choice in many biological and biomedical applications. Cellular responses to NPs, their uptake, and adverse biological effects caused by NPs are rapidly-growing research niches. However, NP excretion and its underlying mechanisms and cell signaling pathways are yet elusive. In this review, we present an overview of how NPs are handled intracellularly and how they are excreted from cells following the uptake. We also discuss how exocytosis of nanomaterials impacts both the therapeutic delivery of nanoscale objects and their nanotoxicology.
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700
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Prietl B, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Pieber TR, Lanzer G, Fröhlich E. Nano-sized and micro-sized polystyrene particles affect phagocyte function. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 30:1-16. [PMID: 24292270 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adverse effect of nanoparticles may include impairment of phagocyte function. To identify the effect of nanoparticle size on uptake, cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase release, leukocytes isolated from human peripheral blood, monocytes and macrophages were studied. Carboxyl polystyrene (CPS) particles in sizes between 20 and 1,000 nm served as model particles. Twenty nanometers CPS particles were taken up passively, while larger CPS particles entered cells actively and passively. Twenty nanometers CPS were cytotoxic to all phagocytes, ≥500 nm CPS particles only to macrophages. Twenty nanometers CPS particles stimulated IL-8 secretion in human monocytes and induced oxidative burst in monocytes. Five hundred nanometers and 1,000 nm CPS particles stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in monocytes and macrophages, chemotaxis towards a chemotactic stimulus of monocytes and phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and provoked an oxidative burst of granulocytes. At very high concentrations, CPS particles of 20 and 500 nm stimulated myeloperoxidase release of granulocytes and nitric oxide generation in macrophages. Cytotoxic effect could contribute to some of the observed effects. In the absence of cytotoxicity, 500 and 1,000 nm CPS particles appear to influence phagocyte function to a greater extent than particles in other sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prietl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
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