651
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Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Benefits of Taro ( Colocasia esculenta) Corms, an Underexploited Tuber Crop. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010265. [PMID: 33383887 PMCID: PMC7795958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taro corms contain valuable bioactive molecules effective against cancer and cancer-related risk factors, such as carcinogens and biological agents, several pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative stress and inflammation, while controlling metabolic dysfunctions and boosting the immunological response. Such broad effects are achieved by the taro health-influencing compounds displaying antitumoral, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Taro bioactivities are attributed to the combination of tarin, taro-4-I polysaccharide, taro polysaccharides 1 and 2 (TPS-1 and TPS-2), A-1/B-2 α-amylase inhibitors, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs), polyphenols, and nonphenolic antioxidants. Most of these compounds have been purified and successfully challenged in vitro and in vivo, proving their involvement in the aforementioned activities. Although these health-promoting effects have been recognized since ancient times, as well as other valuable features of taro for food profit, such as hypo-allergenicity, gluten-free, and carbohydrates with medium-glycemic index, taro crop remains underexploited. The popularization of taro intake should be considered a dietary intervention strategy to be applied to improve the overall health status of the organism and as supportive therapy to manage tumorigenesis.
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652
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Tsoukalas D, Fragoulakis V, Papakonstantinou E, Antonaki M, Vozikis A, Tsatsakis A, Buga AM, Mitroi M, Calina D. Prediction of Autoimmune Diseases by Targeted Metabolomic Assay of Urinary Organic Acids. Metabolites 2020; 10:E502. [PMID: 33302528 PMCID: PMC7764183 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic disorders characterized by the loss of self-tolerance, and although being heterogeneous, they share common pathogenic mechanisms. Self-antigens and inflammation markers are established diagnostic tools; however, the metabolic imbalances that underlie ADs are poorly described. The study aimed to employ metabolomics for the detection of disease-related changes in autoimmune diseases that could have predictive value. Quantitative analysis of 28 urine organic acids was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in a group of 392 participants. Autoimmune thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis were the most prevalent autoimmune diseases of the study. Statistically significant differences were observed in the tricarboxylate cycle metabolites, succinate, methylcitrate and malate, the pyroglutamate and 2-hydroxybutyrate from the glutathione cycle and the metabolites methylmalonate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, 2-hydroxyglutarate and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate between the AD group and the control. Artificial neural networks and Binary logistic regression resulted in the highest predictive accuracy scores (66.7% and 74.9%, respectively), while Methylmalonate, 2-Hydroxyglutarate and 2-hydroxybutyrate were proposed as potential biomarkers for autoimmune diseases. Urine organic acid levels related to the mechanisms of energy production and detoxification were associated with the presence of autoimmune diseases and could be an adjunct tool for early diagnosis and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinic for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece;
- European Institute of Nutritional Medicine (E.I.Nu.M.), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Antonaki
- Laboratory of Health Economics & Management, Economics Department, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece; (M.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Athanassios Vozikis
- Laboratory of Health Economics & Management, Economics Department, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece; (M.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Mitroi
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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653
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Polito R, Di Meo I, Barbieri M, Daniele A, Paolisso G, Rizzo MR. Adiponectin Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Nutrition Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239255. [PMID: 33291597 PMCID: PMC7729837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue. It has numerous beneficial effects. In particular, it improves metabolic effects and glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and is involved in the regulation of cytokine profile and immune cell production, having anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. Adiponectin’s role is already known in immune diseases and also in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are a set of diseases of the central nervous system, characterized by a chronic and selective process of neuron cell death, which occurs mainly in relation to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Lifestyle is able to influence the development of these diseases. In particular, unhealthy nutrition on gut microbiota, influences its composition and predisposition to develop many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, given the importance of the “gut-brain” axis. There is a strong interplay between Adiponectin, gut microbiota, and brain-gut axis. For these reasons, a healthy diet composed of healthy nutrients such as probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, can prevent many metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. The special Adiponectin role should be taken into account also, in order to be able to use this component as a therapeutic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Polito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Di Meo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Environmental Biological Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5135; Fax: +39-081-566-5303
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654
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Tsatsakis A, Calina D, Falzone L, Petrakis D, Mitrut R, Siokas V, Pennisi M, Lanza G, Libra M, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, Kavali L, Bukhari A, Gadiparthi C, Vageli DP, Kofteridis DP, Spandidos DA, Paoliello MMB, Aschner M, Docea AO. SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111769. [PMID: 32979398 PMCID: PMC7833750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can cause central and peripheral neurological manifestations, affect the cardiovascular system and promote renal dysfunction. Epidemiological data have indicated that cancer patients are at a higher risk of contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considering the multitude of clinical symptoms of COVID-19, the objective of the present review was to summarize their pathophysiology in previously healthy patients, as well as in those with comorbidities. The present review summarizes the current, though admittedly fluid knowledge on the pathophysiology and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Although unclear issues still remain, the present study contributes to a more complete understanding of the disease, and may drive the direction of new research. The recognition of the severity of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 is crucial for the specific therapeutic management of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dimitrios Petrakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Radu Mitrut
- Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, 41221, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy; Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy; Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sotirios G Doukas
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 254 Easton Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Panagiotis G Doukas
- University of Pavol Josef Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Leena Kavali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 254 Easton Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Amar Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care 240 Easton Ave, Adult Ambulatory at Cares Building 4th Floor, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Chiranjeevi Gadiparthi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Dimitra P Vageli
- Department of Surgery, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Diamantis P Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Eisntein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Michael Aschner
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Eisntein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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655
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Elli L, Barisani D, Vaira V, Bardella MT, Topa M, Vecchi M, Doneda L, Scricciolo A, Lombardo V, Roncoroni L. How to manage celiac disease and gluten-free diet during the COVID-19 era: proposals from a tertiary referral center in a high-incidence scenario. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:387. [PMID: 33213379 PMCID: PMC7675390 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading worldwide as the first coronavirus pandemic. The clinical picture is variable but flu-like symptoms are common with bilateral interstitial pneumonia being the most frightening presentation. No specific therapies nor vaccine have been developed to date and the only way to limit the virus diffusion is by modifying one's lifestyle limiting social life and following strict hygienic precautions. No data is available on the risk of COVID-19 and its outcomes in celiac disease (CeD). The restrictions applied to counter COVID-19 can impact on CeD treatment and gluten-free dieting, the only available therapy for CeD. With the present manuscript, we aim to support gastroenterologists and nutritionists in the management of CeD patients in the new pandemic scenario, being conscious that availability and local situations are extremely various.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bardella
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Topa
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophisiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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656
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Martinez-Urbistondo D, Suarez del Villar R, Argemí J, Daimiel L, Ramos-López O, San-Cristobal R, Villares P, Martinez JA. Antioxidant Lifestyle, Co-Morbidities and Quality of Life Empowerment Concerning Liver Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111125. [PMID: 33202851 PMCID: PMC7696605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of liver fibrosis has gained importance since the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Indeed, the description of the association between undetected liver fibrosis and lifestyle in terms of antioxidant habits, comorbidity and quality of life (QoL) domains may help in the characterization of subjects with NAFLD. A cross-sectional evaluation of (n = 116) consecutive patients from an Internal Medicine ambulatory evaluation was performed. Demographic data, lifestyle, co-morbidity, QoL (according to the SF-36 index) and analytical values to calculate the oxidative related Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were recorded. The association between FIB-4 and co-morbidity, antioxidant habits in QoL was assessed in univariate analysis (p < 0.05) and confirmed in multivariable analysis for 4 of the 8 SF-36 categories: Physical QoL, Physical role, Social QoL and General QoL, as well as in the Physical summary of SF-36 (p < 0.05). Finally, interactions were assessed between co-morbidity, FIB-4 and antioxidant habits showed in the prediction of mean SF-36 (p < 0.01). Liver fibrosis assessed by the oxidative surrogate index FIB-4 is associated with the interaction between antioxidant lifestyle, co-morbidity and physical, social and general aspects of QoL in apparent liver disease-free individuals, generating a proof of concept for health empowerment and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martinez-Urbistondo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.d.V.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael Suarez del Villar
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.d.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Josepmaria Argemí
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (R.S.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Omar Ramos-López
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (R.S.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Paula Villares
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.d.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (R.S.-C.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBERobn: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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657
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Alam MR, Kim DK. Alterations in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in human lymphocytes on short-term exposure to moderate hypoxia. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1443-1447. [PMID: 33163366 PMCID: PMC7600389 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to moderate hypoxia for 24 h significantly increased telomere length. Telomere elongation is related to the duration of hypoxia exposure. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was unaffected by hypoxia exposure. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is a more stable marker than telomere length alteration under hypoxia.
Hypoxia is related to a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and various cancers. Telomere length (TL) may vary according to the hypoxia level and cell types. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of moderate hypoxia on TL and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in human lymphocytes. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the effect of moderate hypoxia on TL in correlation with mtDNAcn. This study included 32 healthy male nonsmoker’s subjects; in this cohort, we had previously studied sister chromatid exchange and microsatellite instability. Blood samples from each subject were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups exposed to moderate hypoxia for 12 or 24 h. Relative TL and mtDNAcn were measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The TL in the control group did not significantly differ from that in the experimental group subjected to hypoxia for 12 h; however, the TL in the 24 h hypoxia–treated experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The correlation between TL and mtDNAcn was not statistically significant in the two hypoxic states. The increase in TL was observed on exposure to hypoxia for 24 h and not for 12 h; thus, the findings suggest that telomere elongation is related to hypoxia exposure duration. The mtDNAcn in the two experimental groups did not significantly differ from that in the control group. These observations suggest that mtDNAcn alterations show more genetic stability than TL alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study on human lymphocytes reporting an increase in TL and no alteration in mtDNAcn after short-time exposure to moderate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kwang Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Hanvit Institute for Medical Genetics, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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658
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Heavy metal and pesticide levels in dairy products: Evaluation of human health risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111844. [PMID: 33152470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cattle milk's health benefits can be compromised by the presence of contaminants. The levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and residues of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were determined in soil, milk and cheese samples collected from cow farms from 3 Romanian areas with industrial and agriculture tradition. A new methodology was applied for the determination of the corrected estimated daily intake (cEDI) corresponding to the aggregate dietary exposure. For the risk assessment, we calculated the source hazard quotient (HQs) for each contaminant and the adversity specific hazard index (HIA). Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and the sum of DDT levels in soil samples were below maximum residue levels (MRLs). The MRLs of lead and DDD were exceeded in milk and cheese samples from all the 3 areas. The MRLs of copper and zinc were exceeded in cheese samples from area 2 and 3. HQs >10 for lead indicates increased risk, while HQ > 1 for copper and sum of DDT indicates moderate risk for both milk and cheese. By calculating the HIA, we identified a moderate and increase risk for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hematotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and reproduction toxicity after consumption of the dairy products from the 3 areas.
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659
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In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities, and Phenolic Profile of Senecio glaucus from Saudi Arabia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8875430. [PMID: 33163085 PMCID: PMC7604592 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8875430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for complex diseases have remarkable side effects that negatively impact patients' quality of life. Thus, natural compounds with fewer side effects represent a promising source for safe drugs. The genus Senecio is widely used in folk medicine due to its various pharmacological properties. In the present study, the total phenolic content of Senecio glaucus, which is grown in Saudi Arabia, was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. Scavenging DPPH and ABTS assays were utilized to determine the antioxidant properties of S. glaucus fractions, and MTT assay was used to screen the cytotoxic activity of S. glaucus against various cancer cells. In addition, HPLC-UV was utilized to detect the presence of two phenolic acids, namely, vanillic acid (VA) and gallic acid (GA). Among all fractions tested, S. glaucus chloroform fraction (SGCF) yielded the highest value (125.3 mg·GA/g) in terms of total phenolic content. SGCF also exhibited the highest scavenging activities (76.7 and 74.1%) on both DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Similarly, SGCF also possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 41.8 μg/ml. The validated HPLC method confirmed the presence of VA (4.8 μg/mg DW) and GA (3.9 μg/mg DW) in SGCF. Overall, our data show that S. glaucus had antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. A developed validated HPLC method which could be helpful for quantifying phenolic compounds in S. glaucus was established.
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660
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Early Origins of Hypertension: Should Prevention Start Before Birth Using Natural Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111034. [PMID: 33113999 PMCID: PMC7690716 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension may originate in early life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to the exposure of adverse in utero conditions causes developmental programming of hypertension. These excessive ROS can be antagonized by molecules which are antioxidants. Prenatal use of natural antioxidants may reverse programming processes and prevent hypertension of developmental origin. In the current review, firstly we document data on the impact of oxidative stress in hypertension of developmental origin. This will be followed by effective natural antioxidants uses starting before birth to prevent hypertension of developmental origin in animal models. It will also discuss evidence for the common mechanisms underlying developmental hypertension and beneficial effects of natural antioxidant interventions used as reprogramming strategies. A better understanding of the reprogramming effects of natural antioxidants and their interactions with common mechanisms underlying developmental hypertension is essential. Therefore, pregnant mothers and their children can benefit from natural antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy in order to reduce their risk for hypertension later in life.
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661
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Kostoff RN, Kanduc D, Porter AL, Shoenfeld Y, Calina D, Briggs MB, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Vaccine- and natural infection-induced mechanisms that could modulate vaccine safety. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1448-1458. [PMID: 33110761 PMCID: PMC7581376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A degraded/dysfunctional immune system appears to be the main determinant of serious/fatal reaction to viral infection (for COVID-19, SARS, and influenza alike). There are four major approaches being employed or considered presently to augment or strengthen the immune system, in order to reduce adverse effects of viral exposure. The three approaches that are focused mainly on augmenting the immune system are based on the concept that pandemics/outbreaks can be controlled/prevented while maintaining the immune-degrading lifestyles followed by much of the global population. The fourth approach is based on identifying and introducing measures aimed at strengthening the immune system intrinsically in order to minimize future pandemics/outbreaks. Specifically, the four measures are: 1) restricting exposure to virus; 2) providing reactive/tactical treatments to reduce viral load; 3) developing vaccines to prevent, or at least attenuate, the infection; 4) strengthening the immune system intrinsically, by a) identifying those factors that contribute to degrading the immune system, then eliminating/reducing them as comprehensively, thoroughly, and rapidly as possible, and b) replacing the eliminated factors with immune-strengthening factors. This paper focuses on vaccine safety. A future COVID-19 vaccine appears to be the treatment of choice at the national/international level. Vaccine development has been accelerated to achieve this goal in the relatively near-term, and questions have arisen whether vaccine safety has been/is being/will be compromised in pursuit of a shortened vaccine development time. There are myriad mechanisms related to vaccine-induced, and natural infection-induced, infections that could adversely impact vaccine effectiveness and safety. This paper summarizes many of those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N. Kostoff
- Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA, 20155, USA
| | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alan L. Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Search Technology, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5265601, Israel
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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662
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Polyphenol Bioavailability and Plasma Antiradical Capacity in Healthy Subjects after Acute Intake of Pigmented Rice: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103209. [PMID: 33027942 PMCID: PMC7601283 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Health-promoting effects of plant foods have been emphasized in the last few decades and ascribed to the bioactive phytochemicals present therein—in particular, phenylpropanoids. The latter have been investigated for a number of preclinical biological activities, including their antioxidant power. Due to the paucity of human studies, in this randomized intervention trial, we investigated whether the acute intake of pigmented rice could increase the plasma bioactive levels and antiradical power in twenty healthy subjects. A crossover randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 19 volunteers. Artemide and Venere black rice cultivars were tested, while brown rice Carnaroli was used as a control. Each patient received randomly one serving (100 g) of rice on three different experimental days, separated by a 7-day washout period. After baseline blood withdrawal, time-course changes of plasma polyphenols, flavonoids and radical-scavenging capacity were determined at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min post rice intake. Compared to Carnaroli rice, the two black rice cultivars significantly increased the plasma levels of polyphenols and flavonoids at 60 and 120 min and, correspondingly, the plasma antiradical power at 60 min after consumption. Pigmented rice consumption can contribute to diet-related health benefits in humans.
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663
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Kothari D, Lee WD, Kim SK. Allium Flavonols: Health Benefits, Molecular Targets, and Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E888. [PMID: 32961762 PMCID: PMC7555649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium species are revered worldwide as vegetables, condiments, and spices as well as the therapeutic agents in traditional medicine. The bioactive compounds in alliums mainly include organosulfur compounds, polyphenols, dietary fibers, and saponins. Flavonoids, particularly flavonols from alliums, have been demonstrated to have the antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. However, flavonols are mostly characterized from onions and have not been comprehensively reviewed across different species. This article therefore focuses on flavonol profiles from different Allium species, their health effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and bioavailability. Intriguingly, the functional health effects of flavonols were mainly ascribed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities involving a cascade of multiple signaling pathways. Although the Allium-derived flavonols offer tremendous potential in preventing chronic disease risks, in-depth studies are needed to translate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.K.); (W.-D.L.)
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664
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Bazzucchi I, Patrizio F, Ceci R, Duranti G, Sabatini S, Sgrò P, Di Luigi L, Sacchetti M. Quercetin Supplementation Improves Neuromuscular Function Recovery from Muscle Damage. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092850. [PMID: 32957571 PMCID: PMC7551500 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating whether quercetin (Q) may improve the recovery of neuromuscular function and biochemical parameters in the 7 days following an eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). Sixteen men (25.9 ± 3.3 y) ingested Q (1000 mg/day) or placebo (PLA) for 14 days following a double-blind crossover study design. A neuromuscular (NM) test was performed pre–post, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 7 days after an intense eccentric exercise. The force–velocity relationship of the elbow flexor muscles and their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were recorded simultaneously to the electromyographic signals (EMG). Pain, joint angle, arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assessed. The results showed that Q supplementation significantly attenuated the strength loss compared to PLA. During the recovery, force–velocity relationship and mean fibers conduction velocity (MFCV) persisted significantly less when participants consumed PLA rather than Q, especially at the highest angular velocities (p < 0.02). A greater increase in biomarkers of damage was also evident in PLA with respect to Q. Q supplementation for 14 days seems able to ameliorate the recovery of eccentric exercise-induced weakness, neuromuscular function impairment and biochemical parameters increase probably due to its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Bazzucchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-36-733-291
| | - Federica Patrizio
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (P.S.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (P.S.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.)
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665
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Sarkar C, Mondal M, Torequl Islam M, Martorell M, Docea AO, Maroyi A, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:572870. [PMID: 33041814 PMCID: PMC7522523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge for the researchers to offer safe, tolerable, and effective treatment strategies for its causative agent known as SARS-CoV-2. With the rapid evolution of the pandemic, even the off-label use of existing drugs has been restricted by limited availability. Several old antivirals, antimalarial, and biological drugs are being reconsidered as possible therapies. The effectiveness of the controversial treatment options for COVID-19 such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme inhibitors and selective angiotensin receptor blockers was also discussed. A systemic search in the PubMed, Science Direct, LitCovid, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov data bases was conducted using the keywords "coronavirus drug therapy," passive immunotherapy for COVID-19', "convalescent plasma therapy," (CPT) "drugs for COVID-19 treatment," "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," "2019-nCoV," "coronavirus immunology," "microbiology," "virology," and individual drug names. Systematic reviews, case presentations and very recent clinical guidelines were included. This narrative review summarizes the available information on possible therapies for COVID-19, providing recent data to health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science School, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka), Bangladesh
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science School, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka), Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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666
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090864. [PMID: 32937950 PMCID: PMC7554855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are subcellular messengers in signal transductions pathways with both beneficial and deleterious roles. ROS are generated as a by-product of mitochondrial respiration or metabolism or by specific enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins, and myeloperoxidases. Under physiological conditions, the low levels of ROS production are equivalent to their detoxification, playing a major role in cellular signaling and function. In pathological situations, particularly atherosclerosis or hypertension, the release of ROS exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, leading to cell death. At cardiovascular levels, oxidative stress is highly implicated in myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, or heart failure. Here, we will first detail the physiological role of low ROS production in the heart and the vessels. Indeed, ROS are able to regulate multiple cardiovascular functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and death. Second, we will investigate the implication of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Then, we will focus on ROS produced by NAPDH oxidase or during endothelial or mitochondrial dysfunction. Given the importance of oxidative stress at the cardiovascular level, antioxidant therapies could be a real benefit. In the last part of this review, we will detail the new therapeutic strategies potentially involved in cardiovascular protection and currently under study.
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667
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Sharifi-Rad J, Rodrigues CF, Stojanović-Radić Z, Dimitrijević M, Aleksić A, Neffe-Skocińska K, Zielińska D, Kołożyn-Krajewska D, Salehi B, Milton Prabu S, Schutz F, Docea AO, Martins N, Calina D. Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E433. [PMID: 32867260 PMCID: PMC7560221 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact of probiotic strains on human health has become more evident than ever before. Often delivered through food, dietary products, supplements, and drugs, different legislations for safety and efficacy issues have been prepared. Furthermore, regulatory agencies have addressed various approaches toward these products, whether they authorize claims mentioning a disease's diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. Due to the diversity of bacteria and yeast strains, strict approaches have been designed to assess for side effects and post-market surveillance. One of the most essential delivery systems of probiotics is within food, due to the great beneficial health effects of this system compared to pharmaceutical products and also due to the increasing importance of food and nutrition. Modern lifestyle or various diseases lead to an imbalance of the intestinal flora. Nonetheless, as the amount of probiotic use needs accurate calculations, different factors should also be taken into consideration. One of the novelties of this review is the presentation of the beneficial effects of the administration of probiotics as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Thus, this paper provides an integrative overview of different aspects of probiotics, from human health care applications to safety, quality, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Selvaraj Milton Prabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, India;
| | - Francine Schutz
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Natália Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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668
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Cappellini F, Reiner Ž, Zorzan D, Imran M, Sener B, Kilic M, El-Shazly M, Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Martorell M, Tonelli C, Petroni K, Docea AO, Calina D, Maroyi A. The Therapeutic Potential of Anthocyanins: Current Approaches Based on Their Molecular Mechanism of Action. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1300. [PMID: 32982731 PMCID: PMC7479177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural phenolic pigments with biological activity. They are well-known to have potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, which explains the various biological effects reported for these substances suggesting their antidiabetic and anticancer activities, and their role in cardiovascular and neuroprotective prevention. This review aims to comprehensively analyze different studies performed on this class of compounds, their bioavailability and their therapeutic potential. An in-depth look in preclinical, in vitro and in vivo, and clinical studies indicates the preventive effects of anthocyanins on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antiobesity as well as their antidiabetes and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Debora Zorzan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilge Sener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kilic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Petroni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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