7101
|
Lesuis SL, Lucassen PJ, Krugers HJ. Early life stress amplifies fear responses and hippocampal synaptic potentiation in the APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer mouse model. Neuroscience 2019; 454:151-161. [PMID: 31302265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits and alterations in emotional behaviour are typical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, exposure to stress or adversity during the early life period has been associated with an acceleration of cognitive deficits and increased AD pathology in transgenic AD mouse models. Whether and how early life adversity affects fear memory in AD mice remains elusive. We therefore investigated whether exposure to early life stress (ELS) alters fear learning in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, a classic mouse model for AD, and whether this is accompanied by alterations in hippocampal synaptic potentiation, an important cellular substrate for learning and memory. Transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were subjected to ELS by housing the dams and her pups with limited nesting and bedding material from postnatal days 2-9. Following a fear conditioning paradigm, 12-month-old ELS-exposed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice displayed enhanced contextual freezing behaviour, both in the conditioning context and in a novel context. ELS-exposed APPswe/PS1dE9 mice also displayed enhanced hippocampal synaptic potentiation, even in the presence of the GluN2B antagonist Ro25-6981 (which prevented synaptic potentiation in control mice). No differences in the level of PSD-95 or synaptophysin were observed between the groups. We conclude that in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, ELS increases fear memory in the conditioning context as well as a novel context, which is accompanied by aberrant hippocampal synaptic potentiation. These results may help to understand how individual differences in the vulnerability to develop AD arise and emphasise the importance of the early postnatal time window in these differences. This article is part of Special Issue entitled: Lifestyle and Brain Metaplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie L Lesuis
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7102
|
Medrano-Jiménez E, Jiménez-Ferrer Carrillo I, Pedraza-Escalona M, Ramírez-Serrano CE, Álvarez-Arellano L, Cortés-Mendoza J, Herrera-Ruiz M, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Zamilpa A, Tortoriello J, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Malva parviflora extract ameliorates the deleterious effects of a high fat diet on the cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by restoring microglial function via a PPAR-γ-dependent mechanism. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:143. [PMID: 31291963 PMCID: PMC6617588 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuropathology strongly associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways. Accordingly, inflammation resulting from obesity exacerbates learning and memory deficits in humans and in animal models of AD. Consequently, the long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents diminishes the risk for developing AD, but the side effects produced by these drugs limit their prophylactic use. Thus, plants natural products have become an excellent option for modern therapeutics. Malva parviflora is a plant well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Methods The present study was aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of M. parviflora leaf hydroalcoholic extract (MpHE) on AD pathology in lean and obese transgenic 5XFAD mice, a model of familial AD. The inflammatory response and Amyloid β (Aβ) plaque load in lean and obese 5XFAD mice untreated or treated with MpHE was evaluated by immunolocalization (Iba-1 and GFAP) and RT-qPCR (TNF) assays and thioflavin-S staining, respectively. Spatial learning memory was assessed by the Morris Water Maze behavioral test. Microglia phagocytosis capacity was analyzed in vivo and by ex vivo and in vitro assays, and its activation by morphological changes (phalloidin staining) and expression of CD86, Mgl1, and TREM-2 by RT-qPCR. The mechanism triggered by the MpHE was characterized in microglia primary cultures and ex vivo assays by immunoblot (PPAR-γ) and RT-qPCR (CD36) and in vivo by flow cytometry, using GW9662 (PPAR-γ inhibitor) and pioglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist). The presence of bioactive compounds in the MpHE was determined by HPLC. Results MpHE efficiently reduced astrogliosis, the presence of insoluble Aβ peptides in the hippocampus and spatial learning impairments, of both, lean, and obese 5XFAD mice. This was accompanied by microglial cells accumulation around Aβ plaques in the cortex and the hippocampus and decreased expression of M1 inflammatory markers. Consistent with the fact that the MpHE rescued microglia phagocytic capacity via a PPAR-γ/CD36-dependent mechanism, the MpHE possess oleanolic acid and scopoletin as active phytochemicals. Conclusions M. parviflora suppresses neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and promoting microglia phagocytosis. Therefore, M. parviflora phytochemicals represent an alternative to prevent cognitive impairment associated with a metabolic disorder as well as an effective prophylactic candidate for AD progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1515-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Medrano-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Itzia Jiménez-Ferrer Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Cristina E Ramírez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lourdes Álvarez-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Present address: CONACYT-Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CP 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier Cortés-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Jaime Tortoriello
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 510-3, CP, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| |
Collapse
|
7103
|
Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Santos-López JA, Benedí J, Bastida S, González-Muñoz MJ. The Nutritional Components of Beer and Its Relationship with Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071558. [PMID: 31295866 PMCID: PMC6682961 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative diseases has risen in western countries. Growing evidence suggests that demenia and other cognition affectations are associated with ambient factors including specific nutrients, food ingredients or specific dietary patterns. Mediterranean diet adherence has been associated with various health benefits and decreased risk of many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Beer, as part of this protective diet, contains compounds such as silicon and hops that could play a major role in preventing brain disorders. In this review, different topics regarding Mediterranean diet, beer and the consumption of their main compounds and their relation to neurological health have been addressed. Taking into account published results from our group and other studies, the hypothesis linking aluminum intoxication with dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease and the potential role of regular beer has also been considered. Beer, in spite of its alcohol content, may have some health benefits; nonetheless, its consumption is not adequate for all subjects. Thus, this review analyzed some promising results of non-alcoholic beer on several mechanisms engaged in neurodegeneration such as inflammation, oxidation, and cholinesterase activity, and their contribution to the behavioral modifications induced by aluminum intoxication. The review ends by giving conclusions and suggesting future topics of research related to moderate beer consumption and/or the consumption of its major compounds as a potential instrument for protecting against neurodegenerative disease progression and the need to develop nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies in aged people and animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Arturo Santos-López
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Muñoz
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7104
|
Hoffe B, Holahan MR. The Use of Pigs as a Translational Model for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2019; 10:838. [PMID: 31354509 PMCID: PMC6635594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the move to study neurodegenerative disease using larger animal models with brains that are more similar to humans has gained interest. While pigs have been used for various biomedical applications and research, it has only been recently that they have been used to study neurodegenerative diseases due to their neuroanatomically similar gyrencephalic brains and similar neurophysiological processes as seen in humans. This review focuses on the use of pigs in the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). AD is considered the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly populations. Head impacts from falls are the most common form of injury in the elderly and recent literature has shown an association between repetitive head impacts and the development of AD. This review summarizes research into the pathological mechanisms underlying AD and TBI as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using pigs in the neuroscientific study of these disease processes. With the lack of successful therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, and an increasing elderly population, the use of pigs may provide a better translational model for understanding and treating these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Hoffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7105
|
Cabrera DeBuc D, Gaca-Wysocka M, Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P. Identification of Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Recent Insights, Challenges, and Opportunities. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070996. [PMID: 31323964 PMCID: PMC6678943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will highlight recent insights into measuring retinal structure in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A growing body of evidence indicates that disturbances in retinal blood flow and structure are related to cognitive function, which can severely impair vision. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging technology that may allow researchers and physicians to gain deeper insights into retinal morphology and clarify the impact of AD on retinal health and function. Direct and noninvasive measurement of retinal morphology using OCT has provided useful diagnostic and therapeutic indications in several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including AD, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson disease. Despite several limitations, morphology assessment in the retinal layers is a significant advancement in the understanding of ocular diseases. Nevertheless, additional studies are required to validate the use of OCT in AD and its complications in the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Cabrera DeBuc
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | | | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 60-554 Poznan, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7106
|
Veening-Griffioen DH, Ferreira GS, van Meer PJK, Boon WPC, Gispen-de Wied CC, Moors EHM, Schellekens H. Are some animal models more equal than others? A case study on the translational value of animal models of efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172524. [PMID: 31291566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trial failures (>99%) in Alzheimer's disease are in stark contrast to positive efficacy data in animals. We evaluated the correlation between animal and clinical efficacy outcomes (cognition) in Alzheimer's disease using data from registered drugs as well as interventions tested in phase II or III clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. We identified 20 interventions, which were tested in 208 animal studies in 63 different animal models. Clinical outcome was correlated with animal results in 58% of cases. But, individual animal models showed divergent results across interventions, individual interventions showed divergent results across animal models, and animal model outcomes were determined with 16 different methods. This result is unsurprising due to poor external validity (what do we model) of the animal models. Although the animal models all share Alzheimer's disease symptoms, none represents the whole syndrome. Investigators did not motivate why one model was chosen over another, and did not consider the ways the disease phenomena were generated (spontaneous, (experimentally) induced or by genetic modification), or the species characteristics, which determine the outcomes. The explanation for the lack of correlation between animal and human outcomes can be manifold: the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is not reflected in the animal model or the outcomes are not comparable. Our conclusion is that currently no animal models exist which are predictive for the efficacy of interventions for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée H Veening-Griffioen
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Guilherme S Ferreira
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J K van Meer
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Medicines Evaluation Board, Graadt van Roggenweg 500, 3531 AH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter P C Boon
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Innovation Studies, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen H M Moors
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Innovation Studies, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Schellekens
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7107
|
Vogels T, Murgoci AN, Hromádka T. Intersection of pathological tau and microglia at the synapse. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:109. [PMID: 31277708 PMCID: PMC6612163 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogenous class of diseases characterized by cellular accumulation of aggregated tau and include diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Tau pathology is strongly linked to neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms in tauopathy patients. Furthermore, synapse loss is an early pathological event in tauopathies and is the strongest correlate of cognitive decline. Tau pathology is additionally associated with chronic neuroinflammatory processes, such as reactive microglia, astrocytes, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. complement proteins, cytokines). Recent studies show that as the principal immune cells of the brain, microglia play a particularly important role in the initiation and progression of tau pathology and associated neurodegeneration. Furthermore, AD risk genes such as Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) are enriched in the innate immune system and modulate the neuroinflammatory response of microglia to tau pathology. Microglia can play an active role in synaptic dysfunction by abnormally phagocytosing synaptic compartments of neurons with tau pathology. Furthermore, microglia are involved in synaptic spreading of tau – a process which is thought to underlie the progressive nature of tau pathology propagation through the brain. Spreading of pathological tau is also the predominant target for tau-based immunotherapy. Active tau vaccines, therapeutic tau antibodies and other approaches targeting the immune system are actively explored as treatment options for AD and other tauopathies. This review describes the role of microglia in the pathobiology of tauopathies and the mechanism of action of potential therapeutics targeting the immune system in tauopathies.
Collapse
|
7108
|
Spencer B, Trinh I, Rockenstein E, Mante M, Florio J, Adame A, El-Agnaf OMA, Kim C, Masliah E, Rissman RA. Systemic peptide mediated delivery of an siRNA targeting α-syn in the CNS ameliorates the neurodegenerative process in a transgenic model of Lewy body disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:163-177. [PMID: 30849508 PMCID: PMC6588505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population are characterized by progressive accumulation of neuronal proteins such as α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Amyloid ß (Aß) and Tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) for which no treatments are currently available. The ability to regulate the expression at the gene transcription level would be beneficial for reducing the accumulation of these proteins or regulating expression levels of other genes in the CNS. Short interfering RNA molecules can bind specifically to target RNAs and deliver them for degradation. This approach has shown promise therapeutically in vitro and in vivo in mouse models of PD and AD and other neurological disorders; however, delivery of the siRNA to the CNS in vivo has been achieved primarily through intra-cerebral or intra-thecal injections that may be less amenable for clinical translation; therefore, alternative approaches for delivery of siRNAs to the brain is needed. Recently, we described a small peptide from the envelope protein of the rabies virus (C2-9r) that was utilized to deliver an siRNA targeting α-syn across the blood brain barrier (BBB) following intravenous injection. This approach showed reduced expression of α-syn and neuroprotection in a toxic mouse model of PD. However, since receptor-mediated delivery is potentially saturable, each allowing the delivery of a limited number of molecules, we identified an alternative peptide for the transport of nucleotides across the BBB based on the apolipoprotein B (apoB) protein targeted to the family of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R). We used an 11-amino acid sequence from the apoB protein (ApoB11) that, when coupled with a 9-amino acid arginine linker, can transport siRNAs across the BBB to neuronal and glial cells. To examine the value of this peptide mediated oligonucleotide delivery system for PD, we delivered an siRNA targeting the α-syn (siα-syn) in a transgenic mouse model of PD. We found that ApoB11 was effective (comparable to C2-9r) at mediating the delivery of siα-syn into the CNS, co-localized to neurons and glial cells and reduced levels of α-syn protein translation and accumulation. Delivery of ApoB11/siα-syn was accompanied by protection from degeneration of selected neuronal populations in the neocortex, limbic system and striato-nigral system and reduced neuro-inflammation. Taken together, these results suggest that systemic delivery of oligonucleotides targeting α-syn using ApoB11 might be an interesting alternative strategy worth considering for the experimental treatment of synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ivy Trinh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jazmin Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7109
|
Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies: kindred pathologic cascades and genetic pleiotropy. J Transl Med 2019; 99:993-1007. [PMID: 30742063 PMCID: PMC6609463 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the literature on Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies in aged human brains and the relevant underlying pathogenetic cascades. Complex interacting pathways are implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), wherein multiple proteins tend to misfold in a manner that is "reactive," but, subsequently, each proteinopathy may contribute strongly to the clinical symptoms. Tau proteinopathy exists in brains of individuals across a broad spectrum of primary underlying conditions-e.g., developmental, traumatic, and inflammatory/infectious diseases. TDP-43 proteinopathy is also expressed in a wide range of clinical disorders. Although TDP-43 proteinopathy was first described in the central nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD/FTLD), TDP-43 proteinopathy is also present in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cognitively impaired persons in advanced age with hippocampal sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other diseases. We list known Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. There is also evidence of cellular co-localization between Tau and TDP-43 misfolded proteins, suggesting common pathways or protein interactions facilitating misfolding in one protein by the other. Multiple pleiotropic gene variants can alter risk for Tau or TDP-43 pathologies, and certain gene variants (e.g., APOE ε4, Huntingtin triplet repeats) are associated with increases of both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Studies of genetic risk factors have provided insights into multiple nodes of the pathologic cascades involved in Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Variants from a specific gene can be either a low-penetrant risk factor for a group of diseases, or alternatively, a different variant of the same gene may be a disease-driving allele that is associated with a relatively aggressive and early-onset version of a clinically and pathologically specific disease type. Overall, a complex but enlightening paradigm has emerged, wherein both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies are linked to numerous overlapping upstream influences, and both are associated with multiple downstream pathologically- and clinically-defined deleterious effects.
Collapse
|
7110
|
Pillai JA, Maxwell S, Bena J, Bekris LM, Rao SM, Chance M, Lamb BT, Leverenz JB. Key inflammatory pathway activations in the MCI stage of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1248-1262. [PMID: 31353852 PMCID: PMC6649519 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the key inflammatory pathways that are activated in the peripheral and CNS compartments at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A cross-sectional study of patients with clinical and biomarker characteristics consistent with MCI-AD in a discovery cohort, with replication in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Inflammatory analytes were measured in the CSF and plasma with the same validated multiplex analyte platform in both cohorts and correlated with AD biomarkers (CSF Aβ42, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) to identify key inflammatory pathway activations. The pathways were additionally validated by evaluating genes related to all analytes in coexpression networks of brain tissue transcriptome from an autopsy confirmed AD cohort to interrogate if the same pathway activations were conserved in the brain tissue gene modules. RESULTS Analytes of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (KEGG ID:4668) in the CSF and plasma best correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau levels, and analytes of the complement and coagulation pathway (KEGG ID:4610) best correlated with CSF Aβ42 levels. The top inflammatory signaling pathways of significance were conserved in the peripheral and the CNS compartments. They were also confirmed to be enriched in AD brain transcriptome gene clusters. INTERPRETATION A cell-protective rather than a proinflammatory analyte profile predominates in the CSF in relation to neurodegeneration markers among MCI-AD patients. Analytes from the TNF signaling and the complement and coagulation pathways are relevant in evaluating disease severity at the MCI stage of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A. Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
- Neurological InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
- Department of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
| | - Sean Maxwell
- Center for Proteomics and BioinformaticCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
- Department of NutritionCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
| | - James Bena
- Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
| | - Lynn M. Bekris
- Genomic Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
| | - Stephen M. Rao
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
- Neurological InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
| | - Mark Chance
- Center for Proteomics and BioinformaticCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
- Department of NutritionCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio44106
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndiana46202
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
- Neurological InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
- Department of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio44195
| | | |
Collapse
|
7111
|
Quinn TJ. Fluoxetine in stroke (FOCUS) trial-reasons to be cheerful about antidepressants in stroke? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S131. [PMID: 31576338 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7112
|
Papalambros NA, Weintraub S, Chen T, Grimaldi D, Santostasi G, Paller KA, Zee PC, Malkani RG. Acoustic enhancement of sleep slow oscillations in mild cognitive impairment. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1191-1201. [PMID: 31353857 PMCID: PMC6649400 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Slow-wave activity (SWA) during sleep is reduced in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and is related to sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Acoustic stimulation of slow oscillations has proven effective in enhancing SWA and memory in younger and older adults. In this study we aimed to determine whether acoustic stimulation during sleep boosts SWA and improves memory performance in people with aMCI. METHODS Nine adults with aMCI (72 ± 8.7 years) completed one night of acoustic stimulation (stim) and one night of sham stimulation (sham) in a blinded, randomized crossover study. Acoustic stimuli were delivered phase-locked to the upstate of the endogenous sleep slow-waves. Participants completed a declarative recall task with 44 word-pairs before and after sleep. RESULTS During intervals of acoustic stimulation, SWA increased by >10% over sham intervals (P < 0.01), but memory recall increased in only five of the nine patients. The increase in SWA with stimulation was associated with improved morning word recall (r = 0.78, P = 0.012). INTERPRETATION Acoustic stimulation delivered during slow-wave sleep over one night was effective for enhancing SWA in individuals with aMCI. Given established relationships between SWA and memory, a larger or more prolonged enhancement may be needed to consistently improve memory in aMCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly A. Papalambros
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Tammy Chen
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Daniela Grimaldi
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Giovanni Santostasi
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- DeepWave TechnologiesEncinitasCalifornia
| | - Ken A. Paller
- Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| | - Roneil G. Malkani
- Department of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
| |
Collapse
|
7113
|
McCormick SA, Vatter S, Carter LA, Smith SJ, Orgeta V, Poliakoff E, Silverdale MA, Raw J, Ahearn DJ, Taylor C, Rodda J, Abdel-Ghany T, Kwapong B, Leroi I. Parkinson's-adapted cognitive stimulation therapy: feasibility and acceptability in Lewy body spectrum disorders. J Neurol 2019; 266:1756-1770. [PMID: 31161388 PMCID: PMC6586694 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are moderately effective and not always tolerated. Tailoring psychosocial approaches in PDD and DLB may offer additional support and improve outcomes. We adapted home-based, care partner-delivered Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for individuals with PDD or DLB and their care partners (CST-PD). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and tolerability of CST-PD. METHODS This randomised controlled trial used mixed methods, including a process evaluation. People with PDD, DLB or mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) and their care partners were randomised to 12 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU) or CST-PD. Outcomes were feasibility of the study conduct (i.e., recruitment, retention rate) and acceptability and tolerability of the intervention. Measures included rating scales, researcher field notes, therapy diaries, and exploratory clinical and care partner efficacy measures. RESULTS The recruitment target was met with 76 consenting participant-dyads. Retention in both arms was high at over 70%. More than 90% of dyads undertook discrete sessions greater than 20 min duration, but the average number of sessions completed was lower than the recommended dose. Acceptability ratings (i.e., interest, motivation and sense of achievement) of the intervention were high. Participants reported no serious adverse events related to the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The field of psychosocial interventions for PDD and DLB is newly emerging, and we demonstrated that this type of intervention is acceptable and well tolerated. Evaluating its clinical effectiveness in a full-scale randomized controlled clinical trial is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial is a psychosocial intervention with an allocated ISRCTN number 11455062.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheree A McCormick
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sabina Vatter
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lesley-Anne Carter
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah J Smith
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Vasiliki Orgeta
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Jason Raw
- Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Oldham, UK
| | - David J Ahearn
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Joanne Rodda
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Benjamin Kwapong
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7114
|
Abstract
There are 3 common physiological estrogens, of which estradiol (E2) is seen to decline rapidly over the menopausal transition. This decline in E2 has been associated with a number of changes in the brain, including cognitive changes, effects on sleep, and effects on mood. These effects have been demonstrated in both rodent and non-human preclinical models. Furthermore, E2 interactions have been indicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. In normal brain aging, there are a number of systems that undergo changes and a number of these show interactions with E2, particularly the cholinergic system, the dopaminergic system, and mitochondrial function. E2 treatment has been shown to ameliorate some of the behavioral and morphological changes seen in preclinical models of menopause; however, in clinical populations, the effects of E2 treatment on cognitive changes after menopause are mixed. The future use of sex hormone treatment will likely focus on personalized or precision medicine for the prevention or treatment of cognitive disturbances during aging, with a better understanding of who may benefit from such treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Russell
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee VA Health Systems, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7115
|
Lacaille-Dubois MA. Updated insights into the mechanism of action and clinical profile of the immunoadjuvant QS-21: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152905. [PMID: 31182297 PMCID: PMC7127804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine adjuvants are compounds that significantly enhance/prolong the immune response to a co-administered antigen. The limitations of the use of aluminium salts that are unable to elicite cell responses against intracellular pathogens such as those causing malaria, tuberculosis, or AIDS, have driven the development of new alternative adjuvants such as QS-21, a triterpene saponin purified from Quillaja saponaria. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to attempt to clarify the mechanism of action of QS-21 through either receptors or signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo with special emphasis on the co-administration with other immunostimulants in new adjuvant formulations, called adjuvant systems (AS). Furthermore, the most relevant clinical applications will be presented. METHODS A literature search covering the period 2014-2018 was performed using electronic databases from Sci finder, Science direct, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar. RESULTS Insights into the mechanism of action of QS-21 can be summarized as follows: 1) in vivo stimulation of Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses through action on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, leading to release of Th1 cytokines participating in the elimination of intracellular pathogens. 2) activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse APCs with subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent cytokines, Il-1β and Il-18, important for Th1 responses. 3) synthesis of nearly 50 QS-21 analogs, allowing structure/activity relationships and mechanistic studies. 4) unique synergy mechanism between monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL A) and QS-21, formulated in a liposome (AS01) in the early IFN-γ response, promoting vaccine immunogenicity. The second part of the review is related to phase I-III clinical trials of QS-21, mostly formulated in ASs, to evaluate efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of adjuvanted prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases, e.g. malaria, herpes zoster, tuberculosis, AIDS and therapeutic vaccines against cancer and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION The most advanced phase III clinical applications led to the development of two vaccines containing QS-21 as part of the AS, the Herpes Zoster vaccine (HZ/su) (Shingrix™) which received a license in 2017 from the FDA and a marketing authorization in the EU in 2018 and the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine (Mosquirix™) against malaria, which was approved by the EMA in 2015 for further implementation in Sub-Saharan countries for routine use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- PEPITE EA 4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7, Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7116
|
Eide PK, Ringstad G. Delayed clearance of cerebrospinal fluid tracer from entorhinal cortex in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A glymphatic magnetic resonance imaging study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1355-1368. [PMID: 29485341 PMCID: PMC6668515 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18760974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The glymphatic system plays a key role for clearance of waste solutes from the rodent brain. We recently found evidence of glymphatic circulation in the human brain when using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer in conjunction with multiple MRI acquisitions (gMRI). The present study explored the hypothesis that reduced glymphatic clearance in entorhinal cortex (ERC) may be instrumental in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) dementia. gMRI acquisitions were obtained over a 24-48 h time span in cognitively affected iNPH patients and non-cognitively affected patients with suspected CSF leaks. The CSF tracer enrichment was determined as changes in normalized MRI T1 signal units. The study included 30 patients with iNPH and 8 individuals with suspected CSF leaks (i.e. reference individuals). Compared to reference individuals, iNPH patients presented with higher medial temporal lobe atrophy score and Evan's index and inferior ERC thickness. We found delayed clearance of the intrathecal CSF tracer gadobutrol from CSF, the ERC and adjacent white matter, suggesting impaired glymphatic circulation. Reduced clearance and accumulation of toxic waste product such as amyloid-β may be a mechanism behind dementia in iNPH. Glymphatic MRI (gMRI) may become a tool for assessment of early dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per K Eide
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Oslo
University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Ringstad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway
- Departmentof Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7117
|
Estrada C, Cuenca L, Cano-Fernandez L, Gil-Martinez AL, Sanchez-Rodrigo C, González-Cuello AM, Fernandez-Villalba E, Herrero MT. Voluntary exercise reduces plasma cortisol levels and improves transitory memory impairment in young and aged Octodon degus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112066. [PMID: 31269420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has been reported to induce transient cognitive impairment in functional domains commonly affected in dementia, including memory. Indeed, sleep disturbance has been proposed as an early marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). SD emulates many aging-related modifications, including important memory dysfunctions possibly caused by triggers of stress such as cortisol. Although exercise is widely assumed to be beneficial for overall health, only recently has the research community focused its attention on its possible effects on brain functions such as cognition. Octodon degus (O. degus) is a recent rodent model considered suitable for the study of neurodegenerative diseases, since it spontaneously develops several histopathological hallmarks observed in AD. We aimed to uncover the interaction between stress, exercise, age and transient memory impairments after SD insult. In this study, animals had free individual access to wheels to practice voluntary exercise. The Barnes Maze (BM) task was conducted with young and aged O. degus animals after combining voluntary exercise and either normal sleep or SD. Plasma cortisol levels were measured after each condition. SD impaired hippocampus-dependent memory in both young and old animals, while cortisol levels did not significantly differ between non-SD and SD animals. However, voluntary exercise for 45 days improved the cognitive impairment caused by SD compared with the control condition. Moreover, voluntary exercise decreased plasma cortisol levels in both conditions, independently of the age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estrada
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Lorena Cuenca
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Lorena Cano-Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ana Luisa Gil-Martinez
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sanchez-Rodrigo
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ana Maria González-Cuello
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Emiliano Fernandez-Villalba
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Maria Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy & Psychobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain; Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7118
|
Franzmeier N, Düzel E, Jessen F, Buerger K, Levin J, Duering M, Dichgans M, Haass C, Suárez-Calvet M, Fagan AM, Paumier K, Benzinger T, Masters CL, Morris JC, Perneczky R, Janowitz D, Catak C, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Ramirez A, Rossor M, Jucker M, Chhatwal J, Spottke A, Boecker H, Brosseron F, Falkai P, Fliessbach K, Heneka MT, Laske C, Nestor P, Peters O, Fuentes M, Menne F, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Franke C, Schneider A, Kofler B, Westerteicher C, Speck O, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Araque Caballero MÁ, Metzger C, Bittner D, Weiner M, Lee JH, Salloway S, Danek A, Goate A, Schofield PR, Bateman RJ, Ewers M. Left frontal hub connectivity delays cognitive impairment in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2019; 141:1186-1200. [PMID: 29462334 PMCID: PMC5888938 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease vary in their ability to sustain cognitive abilities in the presence of brain pathology. A major open question is which brain mechanisms may support higher reserve capacity, i.e. relatively high cognitive performance at a given level of Alzheimer’s pathology. Higher functional MRI-assessed functional connectivity of a hub in the left frontal cortex is a core candidate brain mechanism underlying reserve as it is associated with education (i.e. a protective factor often associated with higher reserve) and attenuated cognitive impairment in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. However, no study has yet assessed whether such hub connectivity of the left frontal cortex supports reserve throughout the evolution of pathological brain changes in Alzheimer’s disease, including the presymptomatic stage when cognitive decline is subtle. To address this research gap, we obtained cross-sectional resting state functional MRI in 74 participants with autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease, 55 controls from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network and 75 amyloid-positive elderly participants, as well as 41 amyloid-negative cognitively normal elderly subjects from the German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases multicentre study on biomarkers in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. For each participant, global left frontal cortex connectivity was computed as the average resting state functional connectivity between the left frontal cortex (seed) and each voxel in the grey matter. As a marker of disease stage, we applied estimated years from symptom onset in autosomal dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease cases. In both autosomal dominant and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients, higher levels of left frontal cortex connectivity were correlated with greater education. For autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease, a significant left frontal cortex connectivity × estimated years of onset interaction was found, indicating slower decline of memory and global cognition at higher levels of connectivity. Similarly, in sporadic amyloid-positive elderly subjects, the effect of tau on cognition was attenuated at higher levels of left frontal cortex connectivity. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the trajectory of cognitive decline was shifted towards a later stage of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with higher levels of left frontal cortex connectivity. Together, our findings suggest that higher resilience against the development of cognitive impairment throughout the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease is at least partially attributable to higher left frontal cortex-hub connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katrina Paumier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tammie Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, UK.,West London Mental Health Trust, 13 Uxbridge Road, UB1 3EU London, UK
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cihan Catak
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jasmeer Chhatwal
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown HealthCare Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown HealthCare Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Nestor
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Menne
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiana Franke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Westerteicher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.,iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Araque Caballero
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bittner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Weiner
- University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA94143, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Adrian Danek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Feodor-Lynen Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7119
|
Cole JH, Jolly A, de Simoni S, Bourke N, Patel MC, Scott G, Sharp DJ. Spatial patterns of progressive brain volume loss after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain 2019; 141:822-836. [PMID: 29309542 PMCID: PMC5837530 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury leads to significant loss of brain volume, which continues into the chronic stage. This can be sensitively measured using volumetric analysis of MRI. Here we: (i) investigated longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy; (ii) tested whether atrophy is greatest in sulcal cortical regions; and (iii) showed how atrophy could be used to power intervention trials aimed at slowing neurodegeneration. In 61 patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (mean age = 41.55 years ± 12.77) and 32 healthy controls (mean age = 34.22 years ± 10.29), cross-sectional and longitudinal (1-year follow-up) brain structure was assessed using voxel-based morphometry on T1-weighted scans. Longitudinal brain volume changes were characterized using a novel neuroimaging analysis pipeline that generates a Jacobian determinant metric, reflecting spatial warping between baseline and follow-up scans. Jacobian determinant values were summarized regionally and compared with clinical and neuropsychological measures. Patients with traumatic brain injury showed lower grey and white matter volume in multiple brain regions compared to controls at baseline. Atrophy over 1 year was pronounced following traumatic brain injury. Patients with traumatic brain injury lost a mean (± standard deviation) of 1.55% ± 2.19 of grey matter volume per year, 1.49% ± 2.20 of white matter volume or 1.51% ± 1.60 of whole brain volume. Healthy controls lost 0.55% ± 1.13 of grey matter volume and gained 0.26% ± 1.11 of white matter volume; equating to a 0.22% ± 0.83 reduction in whole brain volume. Atrophy was greatest in white matter, where the majority (84%) of regions were affected. This effect was independent of and substantially greater than that of ageing. Increased atrophy was also seen in cortical sulci compared to gyri. There was no relationship between atrophy and time since injury or age at baseline. Atrophy rates were related to memory performance at the end of the follow-up period, as well as to changes in memory performance, prior to multiple comparison correction. In conclusion, traumatic brain injury results in progressive loss of brain tissue volume, which continues for many years post-injury. Atrophy is most prominent in the white matter, but is also more pronounced in cortical sulci compared to gyri. These findings suggest the Jacobian determinant provides a method of quantifying brain atrophy following a traumatic brain injury and is informative in determining the long-term neurodegenerative effects after injury. Power calculations indicate that Jacobian determinant images are an efficient surrogate marker in clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Cole
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amy Jolly
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sara de Simoni
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Niall Bourke
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maneesh C Patel
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gregory Scott
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - David J Sharp
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Imperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7120
|
He Y, Feng Z, Wang W, Chen Y, Cheng J, Meng J, Yang H, Wang Y, Yao X, Feng Q, Chen L, Zhang H, Wang MHT, Zee BCY, Wang X, He ML. Global cytokine/chemokine profile identifies potential progression prediction indicators in hand-foot-and-mouth disease patients with Enterovirus A71 infections. Cytokine 2019; 123:154765. [PMID: 31255913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New clinical indicators are urgently needed for predicting the progression and complications of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by EV-A71 infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum specimens from 132 EV-A71 HFMD patients and 73 health children were collected during 2012-2014 in Shenzhen, China. The specific cytokines/chemokines were detected with a 274-human cytokine antibody array, followed by a 38-inflammation cytokine array, and further validated by ELISA. RESULTS Cytokines varied in different severity of EV-A71 HFMD patients. The ROC curve analysis revealed 5 serum cytokines with high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the disease progression. Eotaxin, IL-8 and IP-10 have showed high AUC values (0.90-0.95) for discrimination between the health controls and the patient group. The three cytokines showed high sensitivity (80-91%) and specificity (88-95%). MMP-8 had a high sensitivity and specificity to predict mild HFMD (100%, 100%). IL-1b and leptin discriminated the severe/critical group from the mild group (79% and 69% in sensitivity, 73% and 63% in specificity). CONCLUSIONS Eotaxin, IP-10 and IL-8 could be potential indicators for predicting HFMD progression with EV-A71 infection. MMP-8 is a specific indicator for mild infection, while IL-1b and leptin display potential for predicting the severity and criticality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing He
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuoying Feng
- Department of Biomedical Science, The City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science, The City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science, The City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- The Zhenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangjie Yao
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qianjin Feng
- The Cancer Institute, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, The Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Maggie H T Wang
- The Cancer Institute, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China; Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benny C Y Zee
- The Cancer Institute, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China; Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Science, The City University of Hong Kong, China; The CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7121
|
Abstract
Millions of Americans now entering midlife and old age were exposed to high levels of lead, a neurotoxin, as children. Evidence from animal-model and human observational studies suggest that childhood lead exposure may raise the risk of adult neurodegenerative disease, particularly dementia, through a variety of possible mechanisms including epigenetic modification, delayed cardiovascular and kidney disease, direct degenerative CNS injury from lead remobilized from bone, and lowered neural and cognitive reserve. Within the next ten years, the generation of children with the highest historical lead exposures, those born in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, will begin to enter the age at which dementia symptoms tend to emerge. Many will also enter the age in which lead stored in the skeleton may be remobilized at greater rates, particularly for women entering menopause and men and women experiencing osteoporosis. Should childhood lead exposure prove pro-degenerative, the next twenty years will provide the last opportunities for possible early intervention to forestall greater degenerative disease burden across the aging lead-exposed population. More evidence is needed now to characterize the nature and magnitude of the degenerative risks facing adults exposed to lead as children and to identify interventions to limit long-term harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7122
|
Tan MS, Zhu JX, Cao XP, Yu JT, Tan L. Rare Variants in PLD3 Increase Risk for Alzheimer's Disease in Han Chinese. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:55-59. [PMID: 29865074 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing studies had reported that a rare coding variant p.V232M in PLD3 was associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a two-fold increased AD risk in European cohorts. To test whether coding region variants of PLD3 were associated with AD in a large Han Chinese cohort, we performed sequencing to analyze all exons of PLD3, and demonstrated that rare variants p.I163M and c.1020-8G>A conferred considerable risk of late-onset AD (LOAD) in our cohort. Meanwhile, the previously reported p.V232M variant was identified in our AD group. These findings indicate that rare variants of PLD3 may play an important role in LOAD in northern Han Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhu
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China.,Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| |
Collapse
|
7123
|
Edwards III GA, Gamez N, Escobedo Jr. G, Calderon O, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:146. [PMID: 31293412 PMCID: PMC6601685 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since first described in the early 1900s, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has risen exponentially in prevalence and concern. Research still drives to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease and what risk factors can attribute to AD. With a majority of AD cases being of sporadic origin, the increasing exponential growth of an aged population and a lack of treatment, it is imperative to discover an easy accessible preventative method for AD. Some risk factors can increase the propensity of AD such as aging, sex, and genetics. Moreover, there are also modifiable risk factors-in terms of treatable medical conditions and lifestyle choices-that play a role in developing AD. These risk factors have their own biological mechanisms that may contribute to AD etiology and pathological consequences. In this review article, we will discuss modifiable risk factors and discuss the current literature of how each of these factors interplay into AD development and progression and if strategically analyzed and treated, could aid in protection against this neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Edwards III
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nazaret Gamez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Department of Cell Biology, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gabriel Escobedo Jr.
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Olivia Calderon
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Department of Cell Biology, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7124
|
Cuadrado-Tejedor M, Pérez-González M, García-Muñoz C, Muruzabal D, García-Barroso C, Rabal O, Segura V, Sánchez-Arias JA, Oyarzabal J, Garcia-Osta A. Taking Advantage of the Selectivity of Histone Deacetylases and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors to Design Better Therapeutic Strategies to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:149. [PMID: 31281249 PMCID: PMC6597953 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discouraging results with therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in clinical trials, highlights the urgent need to adopt new approaches. Like other complex diseases, it is becoming clear that AD therapies should focus on the simultaneous modulation of several targets implicated in the disease. Recently, using reference compounds and the first-in class CM-414, we demonstrated that the simultaneous inhibition of histone deacetylases [class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) and HDAC6] and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) has a synergistic therapeutic effect in AD models. To identify the best inhibitory balance of HDAC isoforms and PDEs that provides a safe and efficient therapy to combat AD, we tested the compound CM-695 in the Tg2576 mouse model of this disease. CM-695 selectively inhibits HDAC6 over class I HDAC isoforms, which largely overcomes the toxicity associated with HDAC class 1 inhibition. Furthermore, CM-695 inhibits PDE9, which is expressed strongly in the brain and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for AD. Chronic treatment of aged Tg2576 mice with CM-695 ameliorates memory impairment and diminishes brain Aβ, although its therapeutic effect was no longer apparent 4 weeks after the treatment was interrupted. An increase in the presence of 78-KDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) chaperones may underlie the therapeutic effect of CM-695. In summary, chronic treatment with CM-695 appears to reverse the AD phenotype in a safe and effective manner. Taking into account that AD is a multifactorial disorder, the multimodal action of these compounds and the different events they affect may open new avenues to combat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-González
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Muñoz
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Damián Muruzabal
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina García-Barroso
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Segura
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan A Sánchez-Arias
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7125
|
Sheng L, Chen M, Cai K, Song Y, Yu D, Zhang H, Xu G. Microglial Trem2 induces synaptic impairment at early stage and prevents amyloidosis at late stage in APP/PS1 mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10425-10442. [PMID: 31219699 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900527r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM)2 is a genetic high-risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered a potential target for AD diagnosis and therapy, although its role in the different stages of AD remains controversial. We generated an embryonic deletion of Trem2 (whole body deletion) and induced hippocampal- and cortical-specific knockdown of microglial Trem2 at different stages of the AD process in amyloid precursor protein/Psen1 mice by adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection. AAV infection induced microglial Trem2 overexpression in the hippocampus of wild-type (WT) and thymus cell antigen 1-enhanced green fluorescent protein mice. Mice were subjected to ethological and pathologic tests. Whole body genetic deletion of Trem2 exerted different electrophysiological outcomes between different AD pathologic stages, which results from a complex integration of synaptic loss and amyloid aggregation. Interestingly, knockdown of Trem2 at the early-middle stage of AD (2-6 mo) prevents synaptic loss through directly inhibiting microglial phagocytosis, whereas knockdown of Trem2 at the middle-late stage of AD (6-10 mo) accelerates synaptic dysfunction because of more severe amyloid deposition caused by the depression of microglial phagocytosis. Additionally, hippocampal overexpression of Trem2 in WT mice results in significant synaptic impairment. Here, with transgenic technology and electrophysiological assay, we revealed that TREM2 up-regulation promotes microglial phagocytosis equally against synapse and amyloid plaques and eventually results in different outcomes. During the early-middle pathologic stage, TREM2 enhancing microglial phagocytosis mainly causes synaptic loss. However, TREM2 up-regulating microglial phagocytosis gradually supports a positive role when amyloid deposition occupies the leading position at the middle-late pathologic stage. In this study, we highlighted that TREM2 triggers synaptic loss during AD pathology development.-Sheng, L., Chen, M., Cai, K., Song, Y., Yu, D., Zhang, H., Xu, G. Microglial Trem2 induces synaptic impairment at early stage and prevents amyloidosis at late stage in APP/PS1 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keshu Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangxu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7126
|
Whitwell JL. FTD spectrum: Neuroimaging across the FTD spectrum. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:187-223. [PMID: 31481163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a complex and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease that encompasses many clinical syndromes, pathological diseases, and genetic mutations. Neuroimaging has played a critical role in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia and provided biomarkers to aid diagnosis. Early studies defined patterns of neurodegeneration and hypometabolism associated with the clinical, pathological and genetic aspects of frontotemporal dementia, with more recent studies highlighting how the breakdown of structural and functional brain networks define frontotemporal dementia. Molecular positron emission tomography ligands allowing the in vivo imaging of tau proteins have also provided important insights, although more work is needed to understand the biology of the currently available ligands.
Collapse
|
7127
|
Early Electrophysiological Disintegration of Hippocampal Neural Networks in a Novel Locus Coeruleus Tau-Seeding Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:6981268. [PMID: 31285742 PMCID: PMC6594257 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6981268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of synapses and disrupted functional connectivity (FC) across different brain regions. Early in AD progression, tau pathology is found in the locus coeruleus (LC) prior to amyloid-induced exacerbation of clinical symptoms. Here, a tau-seeding model in which preformed synthetic tau fibrils (K18) were unilaterally injected into the LC of P301L mice, equipped with multichannel electrodes for recording EEG in frontal cortical and CA1-CA3 hippocampal areas, was used to longitudinally quantify over 20 weeks of functional network dynamics in (1) power spectra; (2) FC using intra- and intersite phase-amplitude theta-gamma coupling (PAC); (3) coherence, partial coherence, and global coherent network efficiency (Eglob) estimates; and (4) the directionality of functional connectivity using extended partial direct coherence (PDC). A sustained leftward shift in the theta peak frequency was found early in the power spectra of hippocampal CA1 networks ipsilateral to the injection site. Strikingly, hippocampal CA1 coherence and Eglob measures were impaired in K18-treated animals. Estimation of instantaneous EEG amplitudes revealed deficiency in the propagation directionality of gamma oscillations in the CA1 circuit. Impaired PAC strength evidenced by decreased modulation of the theta frequency phase on gamma frequency amplitude further confirms impairments of the neural CA1 network. The present results demonstrate early dysfunctional hippocampal networks, despite no spreading tau pathology to the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The ability of the K18 seed in the brainstem LC to elicit such robust functional alterations in distant hippocampal structures in the absence of pathology challenges the classic view that tau pathology spread to an area is necessary to elicit functional impairments in that area.
Collapse
|
7128
|
A deep learning model for early prediction of Alzheimer's disease dementia based on hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging data. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1059-1070. [PMID: 31201098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is challenging at baseline to predict when and which individuals who meet criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will ultimately progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. METHODS A deep learning method is developed and validated based on magnetic resonance imaging scans of 2146 subjects (803 for training and 1343 for validation) to predict MCI subjects' progression to AD dementia in a time-to-event analysis setting. RESULTS The deep-learning time-to-event model predicted individual subjects' progression to AD dementia with a concordance index of 0.762 on 439 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative testing MCI subjects with follow-up duration from 6 to 78 months (quartiles: [24, 42, 54]) and a concordance index of 0.781 on 40 Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Aging testing MCI subjects with follow-up duration from 18 to 54 months (quartiles: [18, 36, 54]). The predicted progression risk also clustered individual subjects into subgroups with significant differences in their progression time to AD dementia (P < .0002). Improved performance for predicting progression to AD dementia (concordance index = 0.864) was obtained when the deep learning-based progression risk was combined with baseline clinical measures. DISCUSSION Our method provides a cost effective and accurate means for prognosis and potentially to facilitate enrollment in clinical trials with individuals likely to progress within a specific temporal period.
Collapse
|
7129
|
Clarke JR, Ribeiro FC, Frozza RL, De Felice FG, Lourenco MV. Metabolic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: From Basic Neurobiology to Clinical Approaches. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S405-S426. [PMID: 29562518 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have extensively failed to find effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) so far. Even after decades of AD research, there are still limited options for treating dementia. Mounting evidence has indicated that AD patients develop central and peripheral metabolic dysfunction, and the underpinnings of such events have recently begun to emerge. Basic and preclinical studies have unveiled key pathophysiological mechanisms that include aberrant brain stress signaling, inflammation, and impaired insulin sensitivity. These findings are in accordance with clinical and neuropathological data suggesting that AD patients undergo central and peripheral metabolic deregulation. Here, we review recent basic and clinical findings indicating that metabolic defects are central to AD pathophysiology. We further propose a view for future therapeutics that incorporates metabolic defects as a core feature of AD pathogenesis. This approach could improve disease understanding and therapy development through drug repurposing and/or identification of novel metabolic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Clarke
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rudimar L Frozza
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7130
|
Martini AC, Forner S, Trujillo-Estrada L, Baglietto-Vargas D, LaFerla FM. Past to Future: What Animal Models Have Taught Us About Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S365-S378. [PMID: 29504540 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and causes significant cognitive deficits. The disease course is prolonged, with a poor prognosis, and thus exacts an enormous economic and social burden. Over the past two decades, genetically engineered mouse models have proven indispensable for understanding AD pathogenesis, as well as for discovering new therapeutic targets. Here we highlight significant studies from our laboratory that have helped advance the AD field by elucidating key pathogenic processes operative in AD and exploring a variety of aspects of the disease which may yield novel therapeutic strategies for combatting this burdensome disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments andNeurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7131
|
Descamps HC, Herrmann B, Wiredu D, Thaiss CA. The path toward using microbial metabolites as therapies. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:747-754. [PMID: 31201140 PMCID: PMC6606739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites have emerged as the quintessential effectors mediating the impact of the commensal microbiome on human physiology, both locally at the sites of microbial colonization and systemically. The endocrine activity of the microbiome and its involvement in a multitude of complex diseases has made microbiome-modulated metabolites an attractive target for the development of new therapies. Several properties make metabolites uniquely suited for interventional strategies: natural occurrence in a broad range of concentrations, functional pleiotropy, ease of administration, and tissue bioavailability. Here, we provide an overview of recently discovered physiological effects of microbiome-associated small molecules that may serve as the first examples of metabolite-based therapies. We also highlight challenges and obstacles that the field needs to overcome on the path toward successful clinical trials of microbial metabolites for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène C Descamps
- Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daphne Wiredu
- Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Microbiology Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7132
|
Cline EN, Bicca MA, Viola KL, Klein WL. The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S567-S610. [PMID: 29843241 PMCID: PMC6004937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis “has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade.” Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maíra Assunção Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7133
|
Jaber VR, Zhao Y, Sharfman NM, Li W, Lukiw WJ. Addressing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Neuropathology Using Anti-microRNA (AM) Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8101-8108. [PMID: 31183807 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions in multiple neurobiological pathways and neuromolecular processes have been widely implicated in the etiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex, progressive, and ultimately lethal neurological disorder whose current incidence, both domestically and globally, is reaching epidemic proportions. While only a few percent of all AD cases appear to have a strong genetic or familial component, the major form of this disease, known as idiopathic or sporadic AD, displays a multi-factorial pathology and represents one of the most complex and perplexing neurological disorders known. More effective and innovative pharmacological strategies for the successful intervention and management of AD might be expected: (i) to arise from strategic-treatments that simultaneously address multiple interrelated AD targets that are directed at the initiation, development, and/or propagation of this disease and (ii) those that target the "neuropathological core" of the AD process at early or upstream stages of AD. This "Perspectives paper" will review current research involving microRNA (miRNA)-mediated, messenger RNA (mRNA)-targeted gene expression pathways in sporadic AD and address the potential implementation of evolving anti-microRNA (AM) strategies in the amelioration and clinical management of AD. This novel-therapeutic approach: (i) incorporates a system involving the restoration of multiple miRNA-regulated mRNA-targets via the use of selectively-stabilized AM species; and (ii) that via implementation of synthetic AMs, the abundance of only relatively small-families of miRNAs need be modulated or neutralized to re-establish neural-homeostasis in the AD-affected brain. In doing so, these strategic approaches will jointly and interactively address multiple AD-associated processes such as the disruption of synaptic communication, defects in amyloid peptide clearance and amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, deficits in neurotrophic support, alterations in the innate immune response, and the proliferation of neuroinflammatory signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian R Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nathan M Sharfman
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wenhong Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7134
|
Meyer PF, McSweeney M, Gonneaud J, Villeneuve S. AD molecular: PET amyloid imaging across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: From disease mechanisms to prevention. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:63-106. [PMID: 31481172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of amyloid-beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has transformed the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by enabling the quantification of cortical Aβ accumulation and propagation in vivo. This revolutionary tool has made it possible to measure direct associations between Aβ and other AD biomarkers, to identify factors that influence Aβ accumulation and to redefine entry criteria into clinical trials as well as measure drug target engagement. This chapter summarizes the main findings on the associations of Aβ with other biomarkers of disease progression across the AD spectrum. It discusses investigations of the timing at which Aβ pathology starts to accumulate, demonstrates the clinical utility of Aβ PET imaging and discusses some ethical implications. Finally, it presents genetic and potentially modifiable lifestyle factors that might influence Aβ accumulation and therefore be targets for AD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Meyer
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Melissa McSweeney
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7135
|
Shukla R, Munjal NS, Singh TR. Identification of novel small molecules against GSK3β for Alzheimer's disease using chemoinformatics approach. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:91-104. [PMID: 31202091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a rapidly increasing neurodegenerative disease. It is a multifactorial disease and also a global threat. Several enzymes are implicated in the disease in which Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta is a key enzyme to increase the disease progression by the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. We have used an integrative chemoinformatics and pharmacokinetics approach for the identification of novel small molecules. We have retrieved a subset from the ZINC database (n = 5,36,709) and screened against GSK3β in four steps. From here top 298 potent compounds were selected and employed for their pharmacokinetics analysis. We had seen that 29 compounds showed the key characteristics to be a novel drug candidate therefore, all these compounds were employed for redocking studies using Autodock Vina and Autodock. This analysis revealed that four compounds were showing good binding affinity. All these four compounds were employed for MDS analysis of 100 ns From here using a bunch of MD analyses we have found that out of four compounds GSK3β-ZINC21011059 and GSK3β-ZINC21011066 act as a stable protein-ligand complex. Therefore we proposed ZINC21011059 and ZINC21011066 can serve as a novel compounds against GSK3β and predicted scaffold can be used for further optimization towards the improvement of isoform selectivity, and warranting further investigations towards their in vitro and in vivo validation of the bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan, H.P, 173234, India
| | - Nupur S Munjal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan, H.P, 173234, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan, H.P, 173234, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7136
|
Ryan L, Hay M, Huentelman MJ, Duarte A, Rundek T, Levin B, Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Mehl MR, Barnes CA. Precision Aging: Applying Precision Medicine to the Field of Cognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:128. [PMID: 31231204 PMCID: PMC6568195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current "one size fits all" approach to our cognitive aging population is not adequate to close the gap between cognitive health span and lifespan. In this review article, we present a novel model for understanding, preventing, and treating age-related cognitive impairment (ARCI) based on concepts borrowed from precision medicine. We will discuss how multiple risk factors can be classified into risk categories because of their interrelatedness in real life, the genetic variants that increase sensitivity to, or ameliorate, risk for ARCI, and the brain drivers or common mechanisms mediating brain aging. Rather than providing a definitive model of risk for ARCI and cognitive decline, the Precision Aging model is meant as a starting point to guide future research. To that end, after briefly discussing key risk categories, genetic risks, and brain drivers, we conclude with a discussion of steps that must be taken to move the field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ryan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Meredith Hay
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matt J. Huentelman
- Neurobehavioral Research Unit, Division of Neurological Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Audrey Duarte
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Clinical and Translational Research Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Neuropsychology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthias R. Mehl
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7137
|
Factors other than hTau overexpression that contribute to tauopathy-like phenotype in rTg4510 mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2479. [PMID: 31171783 PMCID: PMC6554306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tauopathy-like phenotype observed in the rTg4510 mouse line, in which human tauP301L expression specifically within the forebrain can be temporally controlled, has largely been attributed to high overexpression of mutant human tau in the forebrain region. Unexpectedly, we found that in a different mouse line with a targeted-insertion of the same transgene driven by the same tetracycline-TransActivator (tTA) allele, but with even higher overexpression of tauP301L than rTg4510, atrophy and tau histopathology are delayed, and a different behavioral profile is observed. This suggests that it is not overexpression of mutant human tau alone that contributes to the phenotype in rTg4510 mice. Furthermore we show that the tauopathy-like phenotype seen in rTg4510 requires a ~70-copy tau-transgene insertion in a 244 kb deletion in Fgf14, a ~7-copy tTA-transgene insertion in a 508 kb deletion that disrupts another five genes, in addition to high transgene overexpression. We propose that these additional effects need to be accounted for in any studies using rTg4510.
Collapse
|
7138
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review Abnormal accumulation of tau protein is the main hallmark of tauopathies and is closely associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, whereas the advance in PET imaging provides a non-invasive detection of tau inclusions in the brain. In this review, we discuss the potential of PET imaging as a biomarker in tauopathies, the latest development of novel tau tracers with new clinical information that has been disclosed, and the opportunities for improving diagnosis and designing clinical trials in the future. Recent Findings In recent years, several first-generation tau PET tracers including [11C]PBB3, [18F]THK-5117, [18F]THK-5351 and [18F]AV-1451 have been developed and succeeded in imaging neurofibrillary pathology in vivo. Due to the common off-target binding and subcortical white matter uptake seen in the first-generation tracers, several research institutes and pharmaceutical companies have been working on developing second-generation tau PET tracers which exhibit higher binding affinity and selectivity. Summary Tau PET imaging is promising to serve as a biomarker to support differential diagnosis and monitor disease progression in many neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ting Wang
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, 1st Floor B Block, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, 1st Floor B Block, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7139
|
Grill JD, Cox CG, Harkins K, Karlawish J. Response to "Avoiding Methodological Bias in Studies of Amyloid Imaging Results Disclosure". Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:51. [PMID: 31159857 PMCID: PMC6547540 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Grill
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Chelsea G Cox
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Harkins
- Penn Memory Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Karlawish
- Penn Memory Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7140
|
Van Acker ZP, Bretou M, Annaert W. Endo-lysosomal dysregulations and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: impact of genetic risk factors. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31159836 PMCID: PMC6547588 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that cellular dysregulations in the degradative routes contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Autophagy and endolysosomal homeostasis need to be maintained throughout life as they are major cellular mechanisms involved in both the production of toxic amyloid peptides and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins. As such, alterations in endolysosomal and autophagic flux, as a measure of degradation activity in these routes or compartments, may directly impact as well on disease-related mechanisms such as amyloid-β clearance through the blood-brain-barrier and the interneuronal spreading of amyloid-β and/or Tau seeds, affecting synaptic function, plasticity and metabolism. The emerging of several genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease that are functionally related to endocytic transport regulation, including cholesterol metabolism and clearance, supports the notion that in particular the autophagy/lysosomal flux might become more vulnerable during ageing thereby contributing to disease onset. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of the risk genes APOE4, BIN1, CD2AP, PICALM, PLD3 and TREM2 and their impact on endolysosomal (dys)regulations in the light of late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P. Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7141
|
Li Y, Yao Z, Yu Y, Zou Y, Fu Y, Hu B. Brain network alterations in individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment: parallel independent component analysis of AV1451 and AV45 positron emission tomography. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:165. [PMID: 31159754 PMCID: PMC6547610 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid β (Aβ) and tau proteins are considered as critical factors that affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although many studies have conducted on these two proteins, little study has investigated the relationship between their spatial distributions. This study aims to explore the associations of spatial patterns between Aβ deposition and tau deposition in patients with MCI and normal control (NC). METHODS We used multimodality positron emission tomography (PET) data from a clinically heterogeneous population of patients with MCI and NC. All data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database containing information of 65 patients with MCI and 75 NC who both had undergone AV45 (Aβ) and AV1451 (tau) PET. To assess the spatial distribution of Aβ and tau deposition, we employed parallel independent component analysis (pICA), which enabled the joint analysis of multimodal imaging data. pICA was conducted to identify the significant difference and correlation relationship of brain networks between Aβ PET and tau PET in MCI and NC groups. RESULTS Our results revealed the strongly correlated network between Aβ PET and tau PET were colocalized with the default-mode network (DMN). Simultaneously, in comparison of the spatial distribution between Aβ PET and tau PET, it was found that the significant differences between MCI and NC were mainly distributed in DMN, cognitive control network and visual networks. The altered brain networks obtained from pICA analysis are consistent with the abnormalities of brain network in MCI patients. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggested the abnormal spatial distribution regions of tau PET were correlated with the abnormal spatial distribution regions of Aβ PET, and both of which were located in DMN network. This study revealed that combining pICA with multimodal imaging data is an effective approach for distinguishing MCI patients from NC group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- grid.410585.dSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250358 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- 0000 0000 8571 0482grid.32566.34School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Yue Yu
- 0000 0000 8571 0482grid.32566.34School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Ying Zou
- 0000 0000 8571 0482grid.32566.34School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Yu Fu
- 0000 0000 8571 0482grid.32566.34School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250358, People's Republic of China. .,School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7142
|
Hoskin JL, Sabbagh MN, Al-Hasan Y, Decourt B. Tau immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:545-554. [PMID: 31094578 PMCID: PMC7169377 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1619694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the World. Pathologically, it is characterized by extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The latter is composed of irregular, pathological forms of the tau protein. Currently, FDA-approved symptomatic treatments are limited to the targeting of cholinergic deficits and glutamatergic dysfunctions. However, as understanding of β-amyloid plaques and NFTs expands, these dysfunctional proteins represent potential therapeutic interventions. The present review article evaluates active and passive immunotherapies in clinical development for AD to date and their potential to significantly improve the treatment of AD going forward. AREAS COVERED All clinical trials that have targeted β-amyloid to date have produced somewhat disappointing results, leading to a shift in intervention focus to targeting tau protein. A key component in understanding the value of targeting tau in therapeutic paradigms has come from the conceptualization of prion-like pathological spread of tau isoforms from neuron to neuron, and referred to as 'tauons'. Immunotherapies currently under investigation include approaches aiming at preventing pathological tau aggregation, stabilizing microtubules, and blocking of tauons. EXPERT OPINION A multi-targeted approach that would use biologics targeting tau offers great promise to the development of effective AD therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. Hoskin
- Department of Neurology, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland Clinic Nevada, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marwan Noel Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland Clinic Nevada, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Camille and Larry Ruvo Endowed Chair for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Yazan Al-Hasan
- Department of Neurology, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland Clinic Nevada, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Boris Decourt
- Camille and Larry Ruvo Endowed Chair for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7143
|
Nelson PT, Dickson DW, Trojanowski JQ, Jack CR, Boyle PA, Arfanakis K, Rademakers R, Alafuzoff I, Attems J, Brayne C, Coyle-Gilchrist ITS, Chui HC, Fardo DW, Flanagan ME, Halliday G, Hokkanen SRK, Hunter S, Jicha GA, Katsumata Y, Kawas CH, Keene CD, Kovacs GG, Kukull WA, Levey AI, Makkinejad N, Montine TJ, Murayama S, Murray ME, Nag S, Rissman RA, Seeley WW, Sperling RA, White III CL, Yu L, Schneider JA. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE): consensus working group report. Brain 2019; 142:1503-1527. [PMID: 31039256 PMCID: PMC6536849 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a recently recognized disease entity, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) is defined by a stereotypical TDP-43 proteinopathy in older adults, with or without coexisting hippocampal sclerosis pathology. LATE-NC is a common TDP-43 proteinopathy, associated with an amnestic dementia syndrome that mimicked Alzheimer's-type dementia in retrospective autopsy studies. LATE is distinguished from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology based on its epidemiology (LATE generally affects older subjects), and relatively restricted neuroanatomical distribution of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In community-based autopsy cohorts, ∼25% of brains had sufficient burden of LATE-NC to be associated with discernible cognitive impairment. Many subjects with LATE-NC have comorbid brain pathologies, often including amyloid-β plaques and tauopathy. Given that the 'oldest-old' are at greatest risk for LATE-NC, and subjects of advanced age constitute a rapidly growing demographic group in many countries, LATE has an expanding but under-recognized impact on public health. For these reasons, a working group was convened to develop diagnostic criteria for LATE, aiming both to stimulate research and to promote awareness of this pathway to dementia. We report consensus-based recommendations including guidelines for diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC. For routine autopsy workup of LATE-NC, an anatomically-based preliminary staging scheme is proposed with TDP-43 immunohistochemistry on tissue from three brain areas, reflecting a hierarchical pattern of brain involvement: amygdala, hippocampus, and middle frontal gyrus. LATE-NC appears to affect the medial temporal lobe structures preferentially, but other areas also are impacted. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that subjects with LATE-NC also had atrophy in the medial temporal lobes, frontal cortex, and other brain regions. Genetic studies have thus far indicated five genes with risk alleles for LATE-NC: GRN, TMEM106B, ABCC9, KCNMB2, and APOE. The discovery of these genetic risk variants indicate that LATE shares pathogenetic mechanisms with both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease, but also suggests disease-specific underlying mechanisms. Large gaps remain in our understanding of LATE. For advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, there is an urgent need for research focused on LATE, including in vitro and animal models. An obstacle to clinical progress is lack of diagnostic tools, such as biofluid or neuroimaging biomarkers, for ante-mortem detection of LATE. Development of a disease biomarker would augment observational studies seeking to further define the risk factors, natural history, and clinical features of LATE, as well as eventual subject recruitment for targeted therapies in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Glenda Halliday
- The University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Shigeo Murayama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sukriti Nag
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7144
|
Cohen J, Torres C. Astrocyte senescence: Evidence and significance. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12937. [PMID: 30815970 PMCID: PMC6516680 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes participate in numerous aspects of central nervous system (CNS) physiology ranging from ion balance to metabolism, and disruption of their physiological roles can therefore be a contributor to CNS dysfunction and pathology. Cellular senescence, one of the mechanisms of aging, has been proposed as a central component of the age dependency of neurodegenerative disorders. Cumulative evidence supports an integral role of astrocytes in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline with aging. The loss of astrocyte function or the gain of neuroinflammatory function as a result of cellular senescence could have profound implications for the aging brain and neurodegenerative disorders, and we propose the term “astrosenescence” to describe this phenotype. This review summarizes the current evidence pertaining to astrocyte senescence from early evidence, in vitro characterization and relationship to age‐related neurodegenerative disease. We discuss the significance of targeting senescent astrocytes as a novel approach toward therapies for age‐associated neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Claudio Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
7145
|
Erdal A, Ballard C, Vahia IV, Husebo BS. Analgesic treatments in people with dementia - how safe are they? A systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2019; 18:511-522. [PMID: 31038371 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1614166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with dementia may be unable to verbally express pain and suffer from untreated pain. Use of analgesics in people with dementia has increased during the last decade, in particular opioid analgesics with high potential for adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This article presents a systematic review of the current evidence for safety and tolerability of analgesic drugs from randomized controlled trials in people with dementia. Relevant trials were identified by a literature search in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases from inception to November 2018. The search included the main terms 'dementia' and 'analgesic' or their subterms, and was filtered to limit results to clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Although pain treatment is increasingly recognized as an important clinical issue in people with advanced dementia, there is currently a lack of evidence to support safety evaluations of commonly used analgesics in this group. To inform treatment decisions and enable care providers to appropriately monitor patients at risk of adverse effects, it is necessary to conduct well-designed clinical trials to investigate the relative efficacy and safety of analgesics in people with dementia, with particular emphasis on harmful effects of long-term opioid use as well as short-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Erdal
- a Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care , Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | | | - Ipsit Vihang Vahia
- c McLean Institute for Technology in Psychiatry and Geriatric Psychiatry Outpatient Services , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA
- d Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Bettina Sandgathe Husebo
- a Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care , Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
- e Department of Health and Care , Municipality of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7146
|
Nam HS. Gut Microbiota and Ischemic Stroke: The Role of Trimethylamine N-Oxide. J Stroke 2019; 21:151-159. [PMID: 31161760 PMCID: PMC6549071 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced when trimethylamine, a waste product of gut microbes, is converted via hepatic flavin monooxygenases. As TMAO is a potential causative factor in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) considerable research interest has arisen on its use as a biomarker. Higher TMAO levels are associated with future risk of both incident CVD in the general population and established CVD, including stroke. The addition of TMAO into models with traditional risk factors significantly improved the prediction of future CVD risk. TMAO promotes atherosclerosis and is associated with platelet hyperreactivity and inflammation, which are in turn associated with the development of stroke and its secondary consequences. Additionally, TMAO may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota, and CVD development. Compelling evidence suggesting that TMAO is both a risk factor and prognostic marker of stroke and CVD. Potential therapeutic strategy of diet and drugs in reducing TMAO levels have emerged. Thus, TMAO is a novel biomarker and target in stroke and CVD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Suk Nam
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7147
|
Mittal K, Eremenko E, Berner O, Elyahu Y, Strominger I, Apelblat D, Nemirovsky A, Spiegel I, Monsonego A. CD4 T Cells Induce A Subset of MHCII-Expressing Microglia that Attenuates Alzheimer Pathology. iScience 2019; 16:298-311. [PMID: 31203186 PMCID: PMC6581663 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a key role in innate immunity in Alzheimer disease (AD), but their role as antigen-presenting cells is as yet unclear. Here we found that amyloid β peptide (Aβ)-specific T helper 1 (Aβ-Th1 cells) T cells polarized to secrete interferon-γ and intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected to the 5XFAD mouse model of AD induced the differentiation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)+ microglia with distinct morphology and enhanced plaque clearance capacity than MHCII- microglia. Notably, 5XFAD mice lacking MHCII exhibited an enhanced amyloid pathology in the brain along with exacerbated innate inflammation and reduced phagocytic capacity. Using a bone marrow chimera mouse model, we showed that infiltrating macrophages did not differentiate to MHCII+ cells following ICV injection of Aβ-Th1 cells and did not support T cell-mediated amyloid clearance. Overall, we demonstrate that CD4 T cells induce a P2ry12+ MHCII+ subset of microglia, which play a key role in T cell-mediated effector functions that abrogate AD-like pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Mittal
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Eremenko
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Omer Berner
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yehezqel Elyahu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Itai Strominger
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Daniella Apelblat
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anna Nemirovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ivo Spiegel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7148
|
Pozorski V, Oh JM, Okonkwo O, Krislov S, Barzgari A, Theisen F, Sojkova J, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Gallagher CL. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between total and regional white matter hyperintensity volume and cognitive and motor function in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101870. [PMID: 31150958 PMCID: PMC6543018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently observed on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging studies of healthy older adults and have been linked with impairments in balance, gait, and cognition. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the longitudinal effects of comorbid WMH on cognition and motor function in Parkinson's disease. METHODS The Lesion Segmentation Tool for Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to obtain total lesion volume and map regional WMH probabilities in 29 PD and 42 control participants at two study visits 18 months apart. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons were made between composite scores in the domains of executive function, memory, and language, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores. RESULTS We found no difference between disease and control groups in total WMH volume or progression during the study. Greater regional and global WMH at baseline was more strongly associated with lower executive function in PD subjects than in controls. Increased regional WMH was also more strongly associated with impaired memory performance in PD relative to controls. Longitudinally, no associations between cognitive change and total or regional WMH progression were detected in either group. A positive relationship between baseline regional WMH and total UPDRS scores was present in the control group, but not PD. However, greater WMH increase was associated with a greater increase in UPDRS motor sub-scores in PD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that although PD patients do not experience greater mean WMH load than normal aged adults, comorbid WMH do exacerbate cognitive and motor symptoms in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pozorski
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie Krislov
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Barzgari
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Frances Theisen
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jitka Sojkova
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Catherine L Gallagher
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7149
|
Lin CH, Lane HY. The Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Neurotransmission and Precision Medicine in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31191302 PMCID: PMC6539199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the world’s population is aging, the prevalence of dementia and the associated behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) rises rapidly. BPSD are associated with worsening of cognitive function and poorer prognosis. No pharmacological treatment has been approved to be beneficial for BPSD to date. Dysfunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-related neurotransmission leads to cognitive impairment and behavioral changes, both of which are core symptoms of BPSD. Memantine, an NMDAR partial antagonist, is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). On the other hand, a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor improved early-phase AD. Whether to enhance or to attenuate the NMDAR may depend on the phases of dementia. It will be valuable to develop biomarkers indicating the activity of NMDAR, particularly in BPSD. In addition, recent reports suggest that gender difference exists in the treatment of dementia. Selecting subpopulations of patients with BPSD who are prone to improvement with treatment would be important. We reviewed literatures regarding the treatment of BPSD, focusing on the NMDAR-related modulation and precision medicine. Future studies examining the NMDAR modulators with the aid of potential biomarkers to tailor the treatment for individualized patients with BPSD are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7150
|
Honarpisheh P, McCullough LD. Sex as a biological variable in the pathology and pharmacology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4173-4192. [PMID: 30950038 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dementia, most commonly caused by cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, continues to grow as our population ages. Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are responsible for more than 80% of all cases of dementia. There are few effective, long-term treatments for AD and VCI-related conditions (e.g., stroke and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)). This review focuses on AD (as the most common "neurodegenerative" cause of dementia), CAA (as an "emerging" cause of dementia), and stroke (as the most common cause of "vascular" dementia). We will discuss the available literature on the pharmacological therapies that demonstrate sex differences, which refer to any combination of structural, chromosomal, gonadal, or hormonal differences between males and females. We will emphasize the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in the design of preclinical and clinical studies that investigate underlying pathologies or response to pharmacological interventions in dementia. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|