701
|
Auffan M, Rose J, Orsiere T, De Meo M, Thill A, Zeyons O, Proux O, Masion A, Chaurand P, Spalla O, Botta A, Wiesner MR, Bottero JY. CeO2nanoparticles induce DNA damage towards human dermal fibroblastsin vitro. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390902788086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
702
|
Müller L, Riediker M, Wick P, Mohr M, Gehr P, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Oxidative stress and inflammation response after nanoparticle exposure: differences between human lung cell monocultures and an advanced three-dimensional model of the human epithelial airways. J R Soc Interface 2009; 7 Suppl 1:S27-40. [PMID: 19586954 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0161.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Combustion-derived and manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are known to provoke oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in human lung cells; therefore, they play an important role during the development of adverse health effects. As the lungs are composed of more than 40 different cell types, it is of particular interest to perform toxicological studies with co-cultures systems, rather than with monocultures of only one cell type, to gain a better understanding of complex cellular reactions upon exposure to toxic substances. Monocultures of A549 human epithelial lung cells, human monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) as well as triple cell co-cultures consisting of all three cell types were exposed to combustion-derived NPs (diesel exhaust particles) and to manufactured NPs (titanium dioxide and single-walled carbon nanotubes). The penetration of particles into cells was analysed by transmission electron microscopy. The amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 were quantified. The results of the monocultures were summed with an adjustment for the number of each single cell type in the triple cell co-culture. All three particle types were found in all cell and culture types. The production of ROS was induced by all particle types in all cell cultures except in monocultures of MDDCs. The TAC and the (pro-)inflammatory reactions were not statistically significantly increased by particle exposure in any of the cell cultures. Interestingly, in the triple cell co-cultures, the TAC and IL-8 concentrations were lower and the TNF-alpha concentrations were higher than the expected values calculated from the monocultures. The interplay of different lung cell types seems to substantially modulate the oxidative stress and the inflammatory responses after NP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Müller
- Institute of Anatomy, Division of Histology, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
703
|
Abstract
In this final chapter a new perspective for the application of QSAR in the nanosciences is discussed. The role of nanomaterials is rapidly increasing in many aspects of everyday life. This is promoting a wide range of research needs related to both the design of new materials with required properties and performing a comprehensive risk assessment of the manufactured nanoparticles. The development of nanoscience also opens new areas for QSAR modelers. We have begun this contribution with a detailed discussion on the remarkable physical–chemical properties of nanomaterials and their specific toxicities. Both these factors should be considered as potential endpoints for further nano-QSAR studies. Then, we have highlighted the status and research needs in the area of molecular descriptors applicable to nanomaterials. Finally, we have put together currently available nano-QSAR models related to the physico-chemical endpoints of nanoparticles and their activity. Although we have observed many problems (i.e., a lack of experimental data, insufficient and inadequate descriptors), we do believe that application of QSAR methodology will significantly support nanoscience in the near future. Development of reliable nano-QSARs can be considered as the next challenging task for the QSAR community.
Collapse
|
704
|
Shubayev VI, Pisanic TR, Jin S. Magnetic nanoparticles for theragnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:467-77. [PMID: 19389434 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a cutting-edge tool in medicine because they can be simultaneously functionalized and guided by a magnetic field. Use of MNPs has advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), guided drug and gene delivery, magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy, tissue engineering, cell tracking and bioseparation. Integrative therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e., theragnostic) applications have emerged with MNP use, such as MRI-guided cell replacement therapy or MRI-based imaging of cancer-specific gene delivery. However, mounting evidence suggests that certain properties of nanoparticles (e.g., enhanced reactive area, ability to cross cell and tissue barriers, resistance to biodegradation) amplify their cytotoxic potential relative to molecular or bulk counterparts. Oxidative stress, a 3-tier paradigm of nanotoxicity, manifests in activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (tier I), followed by a proinflammatory response (tier II) and DNA damage leading to cellular apoptosis and mutagenesis (tier III). Invivo administered MNPs are quickly challenged by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), resulting in not only neutralization of potential MNP toxicity but also reduced circulation time necessary for MNP efficacy. We discuss the role of MNP size, composition and surface chemistry in their intracellular uptake, biodistribution, macrophage recognition and cytotoxicity, and review current studies on MNP toxicity, caveats of nanotoxicity assessments and engineering strategies to optimize MNPs for biomedical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0629, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
705
|
Robichaud CO, Uyar AE, Darby MR, Zucker LG, Wiesner MR. Estimates of upper bounds and trends in nano-TiO2 production as a basis for exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4227-4233. [PMID: 19603627 DOI: 10.1021/es8032549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An upper bound is estimated for the magnitude of potential exposure to nano-TiO2 with the purpose of enabling exposure assessment and, ultimately, risk assessment Knowledge of the existing bulk TiO2 market is combined with available nano-TiO2 production data to estimate current nano-TiO2 sources as a baseline. The evolution of nano-TiO2 production as a percentage of the total TiO2 market is then projected based on material and market information along with a method that combines observations from scientific articles and patents as predictive indicators of the rate of innovative transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ogilvie Robichaud
- Duke University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0287, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
706
|
Mahmoudi M, Simchi A, Imani M, Milani AS, Stroeve P. An in vitro study of bare and poly(ethylene glycol)-co-fumarate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: a new toxicity identification procedure. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:225104. [PMID: 19433870 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/22/225104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) in biomedical applications increases (e.g. for targeting drug delivery and imaging), patients are likely to be exposed to products containing SPION. Despite their high biomedical importance, toxicity data for SPION are limited to date. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxicity of SPION and its ability to change cell medium components. Bare and poly(ethylene glycol)-co-fumarate (PEGF)-coated SPION with narrow size distributions were synthesized. The particles were prepared by co-precipitation using ferric and ferrous salts with a molar Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of 2. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and primary mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines were exposed to the SPION. Variation of cell medium components and cytotoxicity due to the interactions with nanoparticles were analyzed using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV/vis) and the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methods, respectively. The toxicity amount has been traditionally identified by changes in pH and composition in cells and DMEM due to the tendency of SPION to adsorb proteins, vitamins, amino acids and ions. For in vitro toxicity assessments, a new surface passivation procedure is proposed which can yield more reliable quantitative results. It is shown that a more reliable way of identifying cytotoxicity for in vitro assessments is to use particles with saturated surfaces via interactions with DMEM before usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
707
|
Roiter Y, Ornatska M, Rammohan AR, Balakrishnan J, Heine DR, Minko S. Interaction of lipid membrane with nanostructured surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:6287-6299. [PMID: 19466783 DOI: 10.1021/la900119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tiny details of the phospholipid (DMPC) membrane morphology in close vicinity to nanostructured silica surfaces have been discovered in the atomic force microscopy experiments. The structural features of the silica surface were varied in the experiments by the deposition of silica nanoparticles of different diameter on plane and smooth silica substrates. It was found that, due to the barrier function of the lipid membrane, only particles larger than 22 nm in diameter with a smooth surface were completely enveloped by the lipid membrane. However, nanoparticles with bumpy surfaces (curvature diameter of bumps as that of particles <22 nm) were only partially enveloped by the lipid bilayer. For the range of nanostructure dimensions between 1.2 and 22 nm, the lipid membrane underwent structural rearrangements by forming pores (holes). The nanoparticles were accommodated into the pores but not enveloped by the lipid bilayer. The study also found that the lipid membrane conformed to the substrate with surface structures of dimensions less than 1.2 nm without losing the membrane integrity. The experimental results are in accord with the analytical free energy model, which describes the membrane coverage, and numerical simulations which evaluate adhesion of the membrane and dynamics as a function of surface topology. The results obtained in this study are useful for the selection of dimensions and shapes for drug-delivery cargo and for the substrate for supported lipid bilayers. They also help in qualitative understanding the role of length scales involved in the mechanisms of endocytosis and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. These findings provide a new approach for patterning supported lipid membranes with well-defined features in the 1.2-22 nm range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Roiter
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
708
|
Protection from radiation-induced pneumonitis using cerium oxide nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
709
|
Abstract
At present, more than 20 countries worldwide are manufacturing and marketing different varieties of nanotech-based consumer products of which cosmetics form the largest category. Due to the extremely small size of the nanoparticles (NPs) being used, there is a concern that they may interact directly with macromolecules such as DNA. The present study was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, one of the widely used ingredients of cosmetics, and other dermatological preparations in human epidermal cell line (A431). A reduction in cell viability as a function of both NP concentration as well as exposure time was observed. ZnO NPs demonstrated a DNA damaging potential as evident from an increased Olive tail moment (OTM) of 2.13 +/- 0.12 (0.8 g/ml) compared to control 1.37 +/- 0.12 in the Comet assay after an exposure of 6 h. ZnO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in cells indicated by depletion of glutathione (59% and 51%); catalase (64% and 55%) and superoxide dismutase (72% and 75%) at 0.8 and 0.08 g/ml respectively. Our data demonstrates that ZnO NPs even at low concentrations possess a genotoxic potential in human epidermal cells which may be mediated through lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Hence, caution should be taken in their use in dermatological preparations as well as while handling.
Collapse
|
710
|
Pérez-de-Luque A, Rubiales D. Nanotechnology for parasitic plant control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2009; 65:540-5. [PMID: 19255973 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology opens up novel potential applications for agriculture. Nanotechnology applications are already being explored and used in medicine and pharmacology, but interest for use in crop protection is just starting. The development of nanodevices as smart delivery systems to target specific sites and nanocarriers for controlled chemical release is discussed. Some nanotechnologies can improve existing crop management techniques in the short to medium term. Nanocapsules would help to avoid phytotoxicity on the crop by using systemic herbicides against parasitic weeds. Nanoencapsulation can also improve herbicide application, providing better penetration through cuticles and tissues, and allowing slow and constant release of the active substances. On the other hand, new crop management tools could be developed on the basis of medical applications. Nanoparticles have a great potential as 'magic bullets', loaded with herbicides, chemicals or nucleic acids, and targeting specific plant tissues or areas to release their charge. Viral capsids can be altered by mutagenesis to achieve different configurations and deliver specific nucleic acids, enzymes or antimicrobial peptides acting against the parasites. Many issues are still to be addressed, such as increasing the scale of production processes and lowering costs, as well as toxicological issues, but the foundations of a new plant treatment concept have been laid, and applications in the field of parasitic plant control can be started.
Collapse
|
711
|
Jiang W, Mashayekhi H, Xing B. Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1619-1625. [PMID: 19185963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of nano-scaled aluminum, silicon, titanium and zinc oxides to bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) was examined and compared to that of their respective bulk (micro-scaled) counterparts. All nanoparticles but titanium oxide showed higher toxicity (at 20 mg/L) than their bulk counterparts. Toxicity of released metal ions was differentiated from that of the oxide particles. ZnO was the most toxic among the three nanoparticles, causing 100% mortality to the three tested bacteria. Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles had a mortality rate of 57% to B. subtilis, 36% to E. coli, and 70% to P. fluorescens. SiO(2) nanoparticles killed 40% of B. subtilis, 58% of E. coli, and 70% of P. fluorescens. TEM images showed attachment of nanoparticles to the bacteria, suggesting that the toxicity was affected by bacterial attachment. Bacterial responses to nanoparticles were different from their bulk counterparts; hence nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms need to be studied thoroughly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Stockbridge Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
712
|
Evaluation of cytotoxic effects and oxidative stress with hydroxyapatite dispersions of different physicochemical properties in rat NR8383 cells and primary macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:520-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
713
|
Auffan M, Rose J, Wiesner MR, Bottero JY. Chemical stability of metallic nanoparticles: a parameter controlling their potential cellular toxicity in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1127-33. [PMID: 19013699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The level of production of nanoparticles will inevitably lead to their appearance in air, water, soils, and organisms. A theoretical framework that relates properties of nanoparticles to their biological effects is needed to identify possible risks to human health and the environment. This paper considers the properties of dispersed metallic nanoparticles and highlights the relationship between the chemical stability of these nanoparticles and their in vitro toxicity. Analysis of published data suggests that chemically stable metallic nanoparticles have no significant cellular toxicity, whereas nanoparticles able to be oxidized, reduced or dissolved are cytotoxic and even genotoxic for cellular organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Auffan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
714
|
Napierska D, Thomassen LCJ, Rabolli V, Lison D, Gonzalez L, Kirsch-Volders M, Martens JA, Hoet PH. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of monodisperse silica nanoparticles in human endothelial cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:846-53. [PMID: 19288475 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect that monodisperse amorphous spherical silica particles of different sizes have on the viability of endothelial cells (EAHY926 cell line) is investigated. The results indicate that exposure to silica nanoparticles causes cytotoxic damage (as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release) and a decrease in cell survival (as determined by the tetrazolium reduction, MTT, assay) in the EAHY926 cell line in a dose-related manner. Concentrations leading to a 50% reduction in cell viability (TC(50)) for the smallest particles tested (14-, 15-, and 16-nm diameter) ranging from 33 to 47 microg cm(-2) of cell culture differ significantly from values assessed for the bigger nanoparticles: 89 and 254 microg cm(-2) (diameter of 19 and 60 nm, respectively). Two fine silica particles with diameters of 104 and 335 nm show very low cytotoxic response compared to nanometer-sized particles with TC(50) values of 1095 and 1087 microg cm(-2), respectively. The smaller particles also appear to affect the exposed cells faster with cell death (by necrosis) being observed within just a few hours. The surface area of the tested particles is an important parameter in determining the toxicity of monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Napierska
- Laboratory of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
715
|
Bastian S, Busch W, Kühnel D, Springer A, Meißner T, Holke R, Scholz S, Iwe M, Pompe W, Gelinsky M, Potthoff A, Richter V, Ikonomidou C, Schirmer K. Toxicity of tungsten carbide and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide nanoparticles in mammalian cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:530-6. [PMID: 19440490 PMCID: PMC2679595 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characterized tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide (WC-Co) nanoparticle suspensions in an array of mammalian cells. METHODS We examined acute toxicity of WC and of WC-Co (10% weight content Co) nanoparticles in different human cell lines (lung, skin, and colon) as well as in rat neuronal and glial cells (i.e., primary neuronal and astroglial cultures and the oligodendrocyte precursor cell line OLN-93). Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we assessed whether nanoparticles can be taken up by living cells. We chose these in vitro systems in order to evaluate for potential toxicity of the nanoparticles in different mammalian organs (i.e., lung, skin, intestine, and brain). RESULTS Chemical-physical characterization confirmed that WC as well as WC-Co nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 145 nm form stable suspensions in serum-containing cell culture media. WC nanoparticles were not acutely toxic to the studied cell lines. However, cytotoxicity became apparent when particles were doped with Co. The most sensitive were astrocytes and colon epithelial cells. Cytotoxicity of WC-Co nanoparticles was higher than expected based on the ionic Co content of the particles. Analysis by electron microscopy demonstrated presence of WC nanoparticles within mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that doping of WC nanoparticles with Co markedly increases their cytotoxic effect and that the presence of WC-Co in particulate form is essential to elicit this combinatorial effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bastian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dana Kühnel
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Meißner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Holke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Iwe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pompe
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annegret Potthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volkmar Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to K. Schirmer, Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. Telephone: 41-0-44-823-5266., Fax: 41-0-44-823-5311., E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
716
|
Rothen-Rutishauser B, Grass RN, Blank F, Limbach LK, Mühlfeld C, Brandenberger C, Raemy DO, Gehr P, Stark WJ. Direct combination of nanoparticle fabrication and exposure to lung cell cultures in a closed setup as a method to simulate accidental nanoparticle exposure of humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:2634-40. [PMID: 19452928 DOI: 10.1021/es8029347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous application potential of nanosized materials stays in sharp contrast to a growing number of critical reports of their potential toxicity. Applications of in vitro methods to assess nanoparticles are severely limited through difficulties in exposing cells of the respiratory tract directly to airborne engineered nanoparticles. We present a completely new approach to expose lung cells to particles generated in situ by flame spray synthesis. Cerium oxide nanoparticles from a single run were produced and simultaneously exposed to the surface of cultured lung cells inside a glovebox. Separately collected samples were used to measure hydrodynamic particle size distribution, shape, and agglomerate morphology. Cell viability was not impaired by the conditions of the glovebox exposure. The tightness of the lung cell monolayer, the mean total lamellar body volume, and the generation of oxidative DNA damage revealed a dose-dependent cellular response to the airborne engineered nanoparticles. The direct combination of production and exposure allows studying particle toxicity in a simple and reproducible way under environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
717
|
Wang H, Wick RL, Xing B. Toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO, Al2O3 and TiO2 to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1171-7. [PMID: 19081167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the environmental behavior and associated potential risk of manufactured oxide nanoparticles (NPs). In this research, toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO, Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) were examined to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with Escherichia coli as a food source. Parallel experiments with dissolved metal ions from NPs were also conducted. The 24-h median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and sublethal endpoints were assessed. Both NPs and their bulk counterparts were toxic, inhibiting growth and especially the reproductive capability of the nematode. The 24-h LC(50) for ZnO NPs (2.3 mg L(-1)) and bulk ZnO was not significantly different, but significantly different between Al(2)O(3) NPs (82 mg L(-1)) and bulk Al(2)O(3) (153 mg L(-1)), and between TiO(2) NPs (80 mg L(-1)) and bulk TiO(2) (136 mg L(-1)). Oxide solubility influenced the toxicity of ZnO and Al(2)O(3) NPs, but nanoparticle-dependent toxicity was indeed observed for the investigated NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhua Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Stockbridge Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
718
|
Deng X, Luan Q, Chen W, Wang Y, Wu M, Zhang H, Jiao Z. Nanosized zinc oxide particles induce neural stem cell apoptosis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:115101. [PMID: 19420431 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/11/115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Given the intensive application of nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) materials in our life, growing concerns have arisen about its unintentional health and environmental impacts. In this study, the neurotoxicity of different sized ZnO nanoparticles in mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) was investigated. A cell viability assay indicated that ZnO nanoparticles manifested dose-dependent, but no size-dependent toxic effects on NSCs. Apoptotic cells were observed and analyzed by confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy examination, and flow cytometry. All the results support the viewpoint that the ZnO nanoparticle toxicity comes from the dissolved Zn(2+) in the culture medium or inside cells. Our results highlight the need for caution during the use and disposal of ZnO manufactured nanomaterials to prevent the unintended environmental and health impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Deng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
719
|
Beyerle A, Schulz H, Kissel T, Stoeger T. Screening strategy to avoid toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles for drug delivery: The use of a-quartz and nano zinc oxide particles as benchmark. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/151/1/012034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
720
|
Dreesen IA, Lüchinger NA, Stark WJ, Fussenegger M. Tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles enable rapid purification, increase transduction kinetics, and modify the tropism of mammalian viruses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1197-208. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
721
|
Horie M, Nishio K, Fujita K, Endoh S, Miyauchi A, Saito Y, Iwahashi H, Yamamoto K, Murayama H, Nakano H, Nanashima N, Niki E, Yoshida Y. Protein Adsorption of Ultrafine Metal Oxide and Its Influence on Cytotoxicity toward Cultured Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:543-53. [PMID: 19216582 DOI: 10.1021/tx800289z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Keiko Nishio
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Arisa Miyauchi
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Hideki Murayama
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
722
|
Marquis BJ, Love SA, Braun KL, Haynes CL. Analytical methods to assess nanoparticle toxicity. Analyst 2009; 134:425-39. [PMID: 19238274 DOI: 10.1039/b818082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, improvements in nanoscale materials synthesis and characterization have given scientists great control over the fabrication of materials with features between 1 and 100 nm, unlocking many unique size-dependent properties and, thus, promising many new and/or improved technologies. Recent years have found the integration of such materials into commercial goods; a current estimate suggests there are over 800 nanoparticle-containing consumer products (The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Consumer Products Inventory, , accessed Oct. 2008), accounting for 147 billion USD in products in 2007 (Nanomaterials state of the market Q3 2008: stealth success, broad impact, Lux Research Inc., New York, NY, 2008). Despite this increase in the prevalence of engineered nanomaterials, there is little known about their potential impacts on environmental health and safety. The field of nanotoxicology has formed in response to this lack of information and resulted in a flurry of research studies. Nanotoxicology relies on many analytical methods for the characterization of nanomaterials as well as their impacts on in vitro and in vivo function. This review provides a critical overview of these techniques from the perspective of an analytical chemist, and is intended to be used as a reference for scientists interested in conducting nanotoxicological research as well as those interested in nanotoxicological assay development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J Marquis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
723
|
Meenach SA, Anderson KW, Hilt JZ. Hydrogel Nanocomposites: Biomedical Applications, Biocompatibility, and Toxicity Analysis. SAFETY OF NANOPARTICLES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78608-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
724
|
Impact of physicochemical properties of engineered fullerenes on key biological responses. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 234:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
725
|
Considerations for environmental fate and ecotoxicity testing to support environmental risk assessments for engineered nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
726
|
Stratmeyer ME, Goering PL, Hitchins VM, Umbreit TH. What we know and don’t know about the bioeffects of nanoparticles: developing experimental approaches for safety assessment. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 12:569-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
727
|
Guo D, Wu C, Jiang H, Li Q, Wang X, Chen B. Synergistic cytotoxic effect of different sized ZnO nanoparticles and daunorubicin against leukemia cancer cells under UV irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2008; 93:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
728
|
Navarro E, Piccapietra F, Wagner B, Marconi F, Kaegi R, Odzak N, Sigg L, Behra R. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8959-64. [PMID: 19192825 DOI: 10.1021/es801785m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 896] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are likely to enter the aquatic environment because of their multiple uses. We have examined the short-term toxicity of AgNP and ionic silver (Ag+) to photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using fluorometry. AgNP ranged in size from 10 to 200 nm with most particles around 25 nm. As determined by DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films), by ion-selective electrode, and by centrifugal ulrafiltration, about 1% of the AgNP was present as Ag+ ions. Based on total Ag concentration, toxicity was 18 times higher for AgNO3 than for AgNP (in terms of EC50). However, when compared as a function of the Ag+ concentration,toxicity of AgNP appeared to be much higher than that of AgNO3. The ionic Ag+ measured in the AgNP suspensions could not fully explain the observed toxicity. Cysteine, a strong Ag+ ligand, abolished the inhibitory effects on photosynthesis of both AgNP and Ag+. Together, the results indicate that the interaction of these particles with algae influences the toxicity of AgNP, which is mediated by Ag+. Particles contributed to the toxicity as a source of Ag+ which is formed in presence of algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Navarro
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
729
|
Kaegi R, Ulrich A, Sinnet B, Vonbank R, Wichser A, Zuleeg S, Simmler H, Brunner S, Vonmont H, Burkhardt M, Boller M. Synthetic TiO2 nanoparticle emission from exterior facades into the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:233-239. [PMID: 18824285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present direct evidence of the release of synthetic nanoparticles from urban applications into the aquatic environment. We investigated TiO(2) particles as these particles are used in large quantities in exterior paints as whitening pigments and are to some extent also present in the nano-size range. TiO(2) particles were traced from exterior facade paints to the discharge into surface waters. We used a centrifugation based sample preparation which recovers TiO(2) particles between roughly 20 and 300nm. Analytical electron microscopy revealed that TiO(2) particles are detached from new and aged facade paints by natural weather conditions and are then transported by facade runoff and are discharged into natural, receiving waters. Microscopic investigations are confirmed by bulk chemical analysis. By combining results from microscopic investigations with bulk chemical analysis we calculated the number densities of synthetic TiO(2) particles in the runoff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kaegi
- Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
730
|
Nanotechnology, nanotoxicology, and neuroscience. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 87:133-70. [PMID: 18926873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, which deals with features as small as a 1 billionth of a meter, began to enter into mainstream physical sciences and engineering some 20 years ago. Recent applications of nanoscience include the use of nanoscale materials in electronics, catalysis, and biomedical research. Among these applications, strong interest has been shown to biological processes such as blood coagulation control and multimodal bioimaging, which has brought about a new and exciting research field called nanobiotechnology. Biotechnology, which itself also dates back approximately 30 years, involves the manipulation of macroscopic biological systems such as cells and mice in order to understand why and how molecular level mechanisms affect specific biological functions, e.g., the role of APP (amyloid precursor protein) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims (1) to introduce key concepts and materials from nanotechnology to a non-physical sciences community; (2) to introduce several state-of-the-art examples of current nanotechnology that were either constructed for use in biological systems or that can, in time, be utilized for biomedical research; (3) to provide recent excerpts in nanotoxicology and multifunctional nanoparticle systems (MFNPSs); and (4) to propose areas in neuroscience that may benefit from research at the interface of neurobiologically important systems and nanostructured materials.
Collapse
|
731
|
Barnes CA, Elsaesser A, Arkusz J, Smok A, Palus J, Leśniak A, Salvati A, Hanrahan JP, Jong WHD, Dziubałtowska E, Stepnik M, Rydzyński K, McKerr G, Lynch I, Dawson KA, Howard CV. Reproducible comet assay of amorphous silica nanoparticles detects no genotoxicity. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3069-3074. [PMID: 18698730 DOI: 10.1021/nl801661w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of commercial colloidal and laboratory-synthesized silica nanoparticles was tested using the single cell gel electrophoresis or Comet assay. By using a carefully developed protocol and careful characterization of the nanoparticle dispersions, Comet assays were performed on 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with 3, 6, and 24 h incubations and 4 or 40 microg/ml of silica nanoparticles. No significant genotoxicity was observed for the nanoparticles tested under the conditions described, and results were independently validated in two separate laboratories, showing that in vitro toxicity testing can be quantitatively reproducible.
Collapse
|
732
|
Kahru A, Dubourguier HC, Blinova I, Ivask A, Kasemets K. Biotests and Biosensors for Ecotoxicology of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Minireview. SENSORS 2008; 8:5153-5170. [PMID: 27873807 PMCID: PMC3705494 DOI: 10.3390/s8085153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have become a significant priority worldwide. Several manufactured nanoparticles - particles with one dimension less than 100 nm - are increasingly used in consumer products. At nanosize range, the properties of materials differ substantially from bulk materials of the same composition, mostly due to the increased specific surface area and reactivity, which may lead to increased bioavailability and toxicity. Thus, for the assessment of sustainability of nanotechnologies, hazards of manufactured nanoparticles have to be studied. Despite all the above mentioned, the data on the potential environmental effects of nanoparticles are rare. This mini-review is summarizing the emerging information on different aspects of ecotoxicological hazard of metal oxide nanoparticles, focusing on TiO2, ZnO and CuO. Various biotests that have been successfully used for evaluation of ecotoxic properties of pollutants to invertebrates, algae and bacteria and now increasingly applied for evaluation of hazard of nanoparticles at different levels of the aquatic food-web are discussed. Knowing the benefits and potential drawbacks of these systems, a suite of tests for evaluation of environmental hazard of nanoparticles is proposed. Special attention is paid to the influence of particle solubility and to recombinant metal-sensing bacteria as powerful tools for quantification of metal bioavailability. Using recombinant metal-specific bacterial biosensors and multitrophic ecotoxicity assays in tandem will create new scientific knowledge on the respective role of ionic species and of particles in toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Henri-Charles Dubourguier
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Irina Blinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Kaja Kasemets
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
733
|
Karlsson HL, Cronholm P, Gustafsson J, Möller L. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Are Highly Toxic: A Comparison between Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1726-32. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1071] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L. Karlsson
- Unit for Analytical Toxicology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Cronholm
- Unit for Analytical Toxicology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gustafsson
- Unit for Analytical Toxicology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Möller
- Unit for Analytical Toxicology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
734
|
Ju-Nam Y, Lead JR. Manufactured nanoparticles: an overview of their chemistry, interactions and potential environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 400:396-414. [PMID: 18715626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The industrial scale production and wide variety of applications of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) and their possible release in considerable amounts into the natural aquatic environment have produced an increasing concern among the nanotechnology and environmental science community. In order to address this issue, it is important to understand NP chemistry, preparation, reactivity and possible mechanisms involved in their interaction with the naturally occurring aquatic components, particularly natural colloids and NPs present in the aquatic systems. In this review, an overview of the chemistry of both manufactured and natural aquatic NPs is outlined. This review discusses the physico-chemical aspects of both type of NPs as an essential point to assess possible routes involved in manufactured NP fate in the natural aquatic environment and their toxicity. Key advances related to the characterisation of the manufactured NPs and natural colloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yon Ju-Nam
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
735
|
Lin D, Xing B. Root uptake and phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:5580-5. [PMID: 18754479 DOI: 10.1021/es800422x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing application of nanotechnology highlights the need to clarify nanotoxicity. However, few researches have focused on phytotoxicity of nanomaterials; it is unknown whether plants can uptake and transport nanoparticles. This study was to examine cell internalization and upward translocation of ZnO nanoparticles by Lolium perenne (ryegrass). The dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles and its contribution to the toxicity on ryegrass were also investigated. Zn2+ ions were used to compare and verify the root uptake and phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles in a hydroponic culture system. The root uptake and phytotoxicity were visualized by light scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopies. In the presence of ZnO nanoparticles, ryegrass biomass significantly reduced, root tips shrank, and root epidermal and cortical cells highly vacuolated or collapsed. Zn2+ ion concentrations in bulk nutrient solutions with ZnO nanoparticles were lower than the toxicity threshold of Zn2+ to the ryegrass; shoot Zn contents under ZnO nanoparticle treatments were much lower than that under Zn2+ treatments. Therefore, the phytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was not directly from their limited dissolution in the bulk nutrient solution or rhizosphere. ZnO nanoparticles greatly adhered on to the rootsurface. Individual ZnO nanoparticles were observed present in apoplast and protoplast of the root endodermis and stele. However, translocation factors of Zn from root to shoot remained very low under ZnO nanoparticle treatments, and were much lower than that under Zn2+ treatments, implying that little (if any) ZnO nanoparticles could translocate up in the ryegrass in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
736
|
Limbach LK, Bereiter R, Müller E, Krebs R, Galli R, Stark WJ. Removal of oxide nanoparticles in a model wastewater treatment plant: influence of agglomeration and surfactants on clearing efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:5828-33. [PMID: 18754516 DOI: 10.1021/es800091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing production of engineered nanoparticles has created a demand for particle removal from industrial and communal wastewater streams. Efficient removal is particularly important in view of increasing long-term persistence and evidence for considerable ecotoxicity of specific nanoparticles. The present work investigates the use of a model wastewater treatment plant for removal of oxide nanoparticles. While a majority of the nanoparticles could be captured through adhesion to clearing sludge, a significant fraction of the engineered nanoparticles escaped the wastewater plant's clearing system, and up to 6 wt % of the model compound cerium oxide was found in the exit stream of the model plant. Our study demonstrates a significant influence of surface charge and the addition of dispersion stabilizing surfactants as routinely used in the preparation of nanoparticle derived products. A detailed investigation on the agglomeration of oxide nanoparticles in wastewater streams revealed a high stabilization of the particles against clearance (adsorption on the bacteria from the sludge). This unexpected finding suggests a need to investigate nanoparticle clearance in more detail and demonstrates the complex interactions between dissolved species and the nanoparticles within the continuously changing environment of the clearing sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig K Limbach
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
737
|
Navarro E, Baun A, Behra R, Hartmann NB, Filser J, Miao AJ, Quigg A, Santschi PH, Sigg L. Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2008; 17:372-86. [PMID: 18461442 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Developments in nanotechnology are leading to a rapid proliferation of new materials that are likely to become a source of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to the environment, where their possible ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. The surface properties of ENPs are of essential importance for their aggregation behavior, and thus for their mobility in aquatic and terrestrial systems and for their interactions with algae, plants and, fungi. Interactions of ENPs with natural organic matter have to be considered as well, as those will alter the ENPs aggregation behavior in surface waters or in soils. Cells of plants, algae, and fungi possess cell walls that constitute a primary site for interaction and a barrier for the entrance of ENPs. Mechanisms allowing ENPs to pass through cell walls and membranes are as yet poorly understood. Inside cells, ENPs might directly provoke alterations of membranes and other cell structures and molecules, as well as protective mechanisms. Indirect effects of ENPs depend on their chemical and physical properties and may include physical restraints (clogging effects), solubilization of toxic ENP compounds, or production of reactive oxygen species. Many questions regarding the bioavailability of ENPs, their uptake by algae, plants, and fungi and the toxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Navarro
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstrasse 133, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
738
|
Tiede K, Boxall AB, Tear SP, Lewis J, David H, Hassellöv M. Detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:795-821. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802007553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tiede
- a Central Science Laboratory , Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
- e Environment Department , University of York , Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK
| | - Alistair B.A. Boxall
- a Central Science Laboratory , Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
- e Environment Department , University of York , Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, UK
| | | | - John Lewis
- a Central Science Laboratory , Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Helen David
- c Unilever Colworth, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre , Bedford, UK
| | - Martin Hassellöv
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
739
|
Hwang ET, Lee JH, Chae YJ, Kim YS, Kim BC, Sang BI, Gu MB. Analysis of the toxic mode of action of silver nanoparticles using stress-specific bioluminescent bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:746-50. [PMID: 18528852 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ee Taek Hwang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
740
|
|
741
|
Lison D, Thomassen LCJ, Rabolli V, Gonzalez L, Napierska D, Seo JW, Kirsch-Volders M, Hoet P, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA. Nominal and effective dosimetry of silica nanoparticles in cytotoxicity assays. Toxicol Sci 2008; 104:155-62. [PMID: 18400775 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their small size and large specific surface area (SA), insoluble nanoparticles are almost not affected by the gravitational force and are generally formulated in stable suspensions or sols. This raises, however, a potential difficulty in in vitro assay systems in which cells adhering to the bottom of a culture vessel may not be exposed to the majority of nanoparticles in suspension. J. G. Teeguarden et al., 2007, Toxicol. Sci. 95, 300-312 have recently addressed this issue theoretically, emphasizing the need to characterize the effective dose (mass or number or SA dose of particles that affect the cells) which, according to their model based on sedimentation and gravitation forces, might only represent a very small fraction of the nominal dose. We hypothesized, in contrast, that because of convection forces that usually develop in sols, the majority of the particles may reach the target cells and exert their potential toxicity. To address this issue, we exposed three different cell lines (A549 epithelial cells, EAHY926 endothelial cells, and J774 monocyte-macrophages) to a monodisperse suspension of Stöber silica nanoparticles (SNP) in three different laboratories. Four different end points (lacticodehydrogenase [LDH] release, LDH cell content, tetrazolium salt (MTT), and crystal violet staining) were used to assess the cell response to nanoparticles. We found, in all cell lines and for all end points, that the cellular response was determined by the total mass/number/SA of particles as well as their concentration. Practically, for a given volume of dispersion, both parameters are of course intimately interdependent. We conclude that the nominal dose remains the most appropriate metric for in vitro toxicity testing of insoluble SNP dispersed in aqueous medium. This observation has important bearings on the experimental design and the interpretation of in vitro toxicological studies with nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lison
- Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 53.02, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
742
|
Heinlaan M, Ivask A, Blinova I, Dubourguier HC, Kahru A. Toxicity of nanosized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:1308-16. [PMID: 18194809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 877] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As the production of nanoparticles of ZnO, TiO2 and CuO is increasing, their (eco)toxicity to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus was studied with a special emphasis on product formulations (nano or bulk oxides) and solubilization of particles. Our innovative approach based on the combination of traditional ecotoxicology methods and metal-specific recombinant biosensors allowed to clearly differentiate the toxic effects of metal oxides per se and solubilized metal ions. Suspensions of nano and bulk TiO2 were not toxic even at 20 g l(-1). All Zn formulations were very toxic: L(E)C50 (mg l(-1)) for bulk ZnO, nanoZnO and ZnSO4.7H2O: 1.8, 1.9, 1.1 (V. fischeri); 8.8, 3.2, 6.1 (D. magna) and 0.24, 0.18, 0.98 (T. platyurus), respectively. The toxicity was due to solubilized Zn ions as proved with recombinant Zn-sensor bacteria. Differently from Zn compounds, Cu compounds had different toxicities: L(E)C50 (mg l(-1)) for bulk CuO, nano CuO and CuSO4: 3811, 79, 1.6 (V. fischeri), 165, 3.2, 0,17 (D. magna) and 95, 2.1, 0.11 (T. platyurus), respectively. Cu-sensor bacteria showed that toxicity to V. fischeri and T. platyurus was largely explained by soluble Cu ions. However, for Daphnia magna, nano and bulk CuO proved less bioavailable than for bacterial Cu-sensor. This is the first evaluation of ZnO, CuO and TiO2 toxicity to V. fischeri and T. platyurus. For nano ZnO and nano CuO this is also a first study for D. magna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Heinlaan
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
743
|
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Westerhoff P, Hristovski K, Crittenden JC. Stability of commercial metal oxide nanoparticles in water. WATER RESEARCH 2008; 42:2204-2212. [PMID: 18164742 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The fate of commercial nanoparticles in water is of significant interest to health and regulatory authorities. This research investigated the dispersion and stability of metal oxide nanoparticles in water as well as their removal by potable water treatment processes. Commercial nanoparticles were received as powder aggregates, and in water neither ultrasound nor chemical dispersants could break them up into primary nanoparticles. Lab-synthesized hematite was prepared as a primary nanoparticle (85 nm) suspension; upon drying and 1-month storage, however, hematite formed aggregates that could not be dispersed completely as primary nanoparticles in water. This observation may explain why it is difficult to disperse dry commercial nanoparticles. Except for silica, other nanoparticles rapidly aggregated in tap water due to electric double layer (EDL) compression. The stability of silica in tap water is related to its low Hamaker constant. For all these nanoparticles, at an alum dosage of 60 mg/L, coagulation followed by sedimentation could remove 20-60% of the total nanoparticle mass. Filtration using a 0.45 microm filter was required to remove more than 90% of the nanoparticle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
744
|
Schulte P, Geraci C, Zumwalde R, Hoover M, Kuempel E. Occupational risk management of engineered nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2008; 5:239-49. [PMID: 18260001 DOI: 10.1080/15459620801907840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The earliest and most extensive societal exposures to engineered nanoparticles are likely to occur in the workplace. Until toxicologic and health effects research moves forward to characterize more broadly the potential hazards of nanoparticles and to provide a scientific basis for appropriate control of nanomaterials in the workplace, current and future workers may be at risk from occupational exposures. This article reviews a conceptual framework for occupational risk management as applied to engineered nanomaterials and describes an associated approach for controlling exposures in the presence of uncertainty. The framework takes into account the potential routes of exposure and factors that may influence biological activity and potential toxicity of nanomaterials; incorporates primary approaches based on the traditional industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls involving elimination or substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and use of personal protective equipment; and includes valuable secondary approaches involving health surveillance and medical monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
745
|
Kumar R, Roy I, Ohulchanskyy TY, Goswami LN, Bonoiu AC, Bergey EJ, Tramposch KM, Maitra A, Prasad PN. Covalently dye-linked, surface-controlled, and bioconjugated organically modified silica nanoparticles as targeted probes for optical imaging. ACS NANO 2008; 2:449-56. [PMID: 19206569 DOI: 10.1021/nn700370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the synthesis and characterization of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles, covalently incorporating the fluorophore rhodamine-B, and surface-functionalized with a variety of active groups. The synthesized nanoparticles are of ultralow size (diameter approximately 20 nm), highly monodispersed, stable in aqueous suspension, and retain the optical properties of the incorporated fluorophore. The surface of the nanoparticles can be functionalized with a variety of active groups such as hydroxyl, thiol, amine, and carboxyl. The carboxyl groups on the surface were used to conjugate with various bioactive molecules such as transferrin, as well as monoclonal antibodies such as anti-claudin 4 and anti-mesothelin, for targeted delivery to pancreatic cancer cell lines. In vitro experiments have revealed that the cellular uptake of these bioconjugated (targeted) nanoparticles is significantly higher than that of the nonconjugated ones. The ease of surface functionalization and incorporation of a variety of biotargeting molecules, combined with their observed noncytotoxicity, makes these fluorescent ORMOSIL nanoparticles potential candidates as efficient probes for optical bioimaging, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
746
|
Roiter Y, Ornatska M, Rammohan AR, Balakrishnan J, Heine DR, Minko S. Interaction of nanoparticles with lipid membrane. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:941-944. [PMID: 18254602 DOI: 10.1021/nl080080l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A nanoscale range of surface feature curvatures where lipid membranes lose integrity and form pores has been found experimentally. The pores were experimentally observed in the l-alpha-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine membrane around 1.2-22 nm polar nanoparticles deposited on mica surface. Lipid bilayer envelops or closely follows surface features with the curvatures outside of that region. This finding provides essential information for the understanding of nanoparticle-lipid membrane interaction, cytotoxicity, preparation of biomolecular templates and supported lipid membranes on rough and patterned surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Roiter
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
747
|
Saiyasombat C, Petchsang N, Tang IM, Hodak JH. Preparation of iron boride-silica core-shell nanoparticles with soft ferromagnetic properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:085705. [PMID: 21730736 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/8/085705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot aqueous chemical synthesis for silica-passivated ferromagnetic nanoparticles is presented. The average size of these particles is 84 ± 20 nm. The x-ray and electron diffraction experiments revealed that the nanoparticles are mainly composed of polycrystalline iron boride. The broad x-ray diffraction peak leads to an average crystallite size of 1.8 nm, which is much smaller than the overall size of the particles, and is consistent with the polycrystalline nature of the samples. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization experiments were used to establish the room temperature magnetic properties as well as the chemical nature of the particles. Fe(2)B dominates the composition of the nanoparticles, having a hyperfine field broadly distributed in the 10-33 T range. Alpha iron, the second ferromagnetic material identified in the particles, amounts to 4.6% of the composition. Finally, a paramagnetic phase accounting for approximately 14.6% of the material of the particles was also detected. These nanoparticles contain a core with soft ferromagnetic properties surrounded by a passivating silica layer, and are suitable for magnetically targeted drug delivery and electromagnetic induction heating applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Saiyasombat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
748
|
Misra SK, Mohn D, Brunner TJ, Stark WJ, Philip SE, Roy I, Salih V, Knowles JC, Boccaccini AR. Comparison of nanoscale and microscale bioactive glass on the properties of P(3HB)/Bioglass composites. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1750-61. [PMID: 18255139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of introducing micro (m-BG) and nanoscale (n-BG) bioactive glass particles on the various properties (thermal, mechanical and microstructural) of poly(3hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB))/bioactive glass composite systems. P(3HB)/bioactive glass composite films with three different concentrations of m-BG and n-BG (10, 20 and 30 wt%, respectively) were prepared by a solvent casting technique. The addition of n-BG particles had a significant stiffening effect on the composites, modulus when compared with m-BG. However, there were no significant differences in the thermal properties of the composites due to the addition of n-BG and m-BG particles. The systematic addition of n-BG particles induced a nanostructured topography on the surface of the composites, which was not visible by SEM in m-BG composites. This surface effect induced by n-BG particles considerably improved the total protein adsorption on the n-BG composites compared to the unfilled polymer and the m-BG composites. A short term in vitro degradation (30 days) study in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed a high level of bioactivity as well as higher water absorption for the P(3HB)/n-BG composites. Furthermore, a cell proliferation study using MG-63 cells demonstrated the good biocompatibility of both types of P(3HB)/bioactive glass composite systems. The results of this investigation confirm that the addition of nanosized bioactive glass particles had a more significant effect on the mechanical and structural properties of a composite system in comparison with microparticles, as well as enhancing protein adsorption, two desirable effects for the application of the composites in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Superb K Misra
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
749
|
Schneider OD, Loher S, Brunner TJ, Uebersax L, Simonet M, Grass RN, Merkle HP, Stark WJ. Cotton wool-like nanocomposite biomaterials prepared by electrospinning:In vitrobioactivity and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84:350-62. [PMID: 17618506 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the in vitro biomedical performance of an electrospun, flexible, and cotton wool-like poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/amorphous tricalcium phosphate (ATCP) nanocomposite. Experiments on in vitro biomineralization, applicability in model defects and a cell culture study with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) allowed assessing the application of the material for potential use as a bone graft. Scaffolds with different flame made ATCP nanoparticle loadings were prepared by electrospinning of a PLGA-based composite. Immersion in simulated body fluid showed significant deposition of a hydroxyapatite layer only on the surface of ATCP doped PLGA (up to 175% mass gain within 15 days for PLGA/ATCP 60:40). Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC on different nanocomposites were assessed by incubating cells in osteogenic medium for 4 weeks. Proper adhesion and an unaffected morphology of the cells were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy for all samples. Fluorometric quantification of dsDNA and analysis of ALP activity revealed no significant difference between the tested scaffolds and excluded any acute cytotoxic effects of the nanoparticles. The osteocalcin content for all scaffolds was 0.12-0.19 ng/ng DNA confirming osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on these flexible bone implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Schneider
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
750
|
Nafee N, Schneider M, Lehr CM. Charge Modification of Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers: Biological Implications. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|