701
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de Siqueira Patriota LL, Procópio TF, de Santana Brito J, Sebag V, de Oliveira APS, de Araújo Soares AK, Moreira LR, de Albuquerque Lima T, Soares T, da Silva TD, Paiva PMG, de Lorena VMB, de Melo CML, de Albuquerque LP, Napoleão TH. Microgramma vacciniifolia (Polypodiaceae) fronds contain a multifunctional lectin with immunomodulatory properties on human cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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702
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Xiong P, Shiratsuchi M, Matsushima T, Liao J, Tanaka E, Nakashima Y, Takayanagi R, Ogawa Y. Regulation of expression and trafficking of perforin-2 by LPS and TNF-α. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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703
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Larimer BM, Wehrenberg-Klee E, Dubois F, Mehta A, Kalomeris T, Flaherty K, Boland G, Mahmood U. Granzyme B PET Imaging as a Predictive Biomarker of Immunotherapy Response. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2318-2327. [PMID: 28461564 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While cancer immunotherapy can produce dramatic responses, only a minority of patients respond to treatment. Reliable response biomarkers are needed to identify responders, and conventional imaging modalities have not proved adequate. Here, we provide a preclinical proof of concept for the use of granzyme B, a downstream effector of tumoral cytotoxic T cells, as an early biomarker for tumors responding to immunotherapy. We designed novel PET imaging probes for the murine and human granzyme B isoforms that specifically and quantitatively bind granzyme B. Immunotherapy-treated mice were imaged prior to therapy-induced tumor volume reduction. Imaging distinguished treated responders from nonresponders with excellent predictive ability. To assess the clinical value of a granzyme B imaging paradigm, biopsy specimens from melanoma patients on checkpoint inhibitor therapy were analyzed. A marked differential in granzyme B expression was observed between treated responders and nonresponders. Additionally, our human probe was able to specifically detect granzyme B expression in human samples, providing a clear candidate for clinical application. Overall, our results suggest granzyme B PET imaging can serve as a quantitatively useful predictive biomarker for efficacious responses to cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2318-27. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Larimer
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Wehrenberg-Klee
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Dubois
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anila Mehta
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor Kalomeris
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith Flaherty
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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704
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Kloess S, Ede Valverde da Silva A, Oberschmidt O, Gardlowski T, Matthies N, Vyas M, Arseniev L, Heuser M, Pogge von Strandmann E, Köhl U. Triplebody Mediates Increased Anti-Leukemic Reactivity of IL-2 Activated Donor Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Impairs Viability of Their CD33-Expressing NK Subset. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1100. [PMID: 28943878 PMCID: PMC5596090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK) are essential for the elimination of resistant acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AML and ALL) cells. NK cell-based immunotherapies have already successfully entered for clinical trials, but limitations due to immune escape mechanisms were identified. Therefore, we extended our established NK cell protocol by integration of the previously investigated powerful trispecific immunoligand ULBP2-aCD19-aCD33 [the so-called triplebodies (TBs)] to improve the anti-leukemic specificity of activated NK cells. IL-2-driven expansion led to strongly elevated natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) expressions on donor NK cells which promote the binding to ULBP2+ TBs. Similarly, CD33 expression on these NK cells could be detected. Dual-specific targeting and elimination were investigated against the B-cell precursor leukemia cell line BV-173 and patient blasts, which were positive for myeloid marker CD33 and B lymphoid marker CD19 exclusively presented on biphenotypic B/myeloid leukemia’s. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated improved killing properties of NK cells pre-coated with TBs compared to untreated controls. Specific NKG2D blocking on those NK cells in response to TBs diminished this killing activity. On the contrary, the observed upregulation of surface CD33 on about 28.0% of the NK cells decreased their viability in response to TBs during cytotoxic interaction of effector and target cells. Similar side effects were also detected against CD33+ T- and CD19+ B-cells. Very preliminary proof of principle results showed promising effects using NK cells and TBs against primary leukemic cells. In summary, we demonstrated a promising strategy for redirecting primary human NK cells in response to TBs against leukemia, which may lead to a future progress in NK cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kloess
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Oberschmidt
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Gardlowski
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Matthies
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Maulik Vyas
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lubomir Arseniev
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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705
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Spicer JA, Miller CK, O'Connor PD, Jose J, Huttunen KM, Jaiswal JK, Denny WA, Akhlaghi H, Browne KA, Trapani JA. Substituted arylsulphonamides as inhibitors of perforin-mediated lysis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:139-155. [PMID: 28582670 PMCID: PMC5500991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationships for a series of arylsulphonamide-based inhibitors of the pore-forming protein perforin have been explored. Perforin is a key component of the human immune response, however inappropriate activity has also been implicated in certain auto-immune and therapy-induced conditions such as allograft rejection and graft versus host disease. Since perforin is expressed exclusively by cells of the immune system, inhibition of this protein would be a highly selective strategy for the immunosuppressive treatment of these disorders. Compounds from this series were demonstrated to be potent inhibitors of the lytic action of both isolated recombinant perforin and perforin secreted by natural killer cells in vitro. Several potent and soluble examples were assessed for in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and found to be suitable for progression to an in vivo model of transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Spicer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Christian K Miller
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jagdish K Jaiswal
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hedieh Akhlaghi
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kylie A Browne
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
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706
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Natural cytotoxicity receptor 1 in mouse uNK cell maturation and function. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1122-1132. [PMID: 28098245 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Early and midgestational decidua of mice genetically ablated for expression of the natural killer (NK) cell natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR; Ncr1Gfp/Gfp mice) shows restricted angiogenesis and atypically small uterine (u)NK cells. We hypothesized that NCR1 inactivation disturbs maturation and angiokine production by uterine natural killer (uNK) cells. Using histological and morphometric approaches, we observed that Ncr1Gfp/Gfp but not control C57BL/6 (B6) implantation sites sustain immature, non-granulated uNK cells into midpregnancy. Mouse uNK cells can be subclassified by their reactivity with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin; DBA+ uNK cells with greater Ncr1 expression were investigated. DBA+ uNK cells from Ncr1Gfp/Gfp mice show delayed maturation as indicated by shorter diameters and fewer cytoplasmic granules. Granules in mature Ncr1Gfp/Gfp uNK cells are ultrastructurally abnormal and abundance of granule-associated proteins (perforin, granzyme) and of cytoplasmic proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor; placental growth factor) differs from controls. Leukocyte-leukocyte conjugate formation in gestation day 6.5 and 8.5 intact Ncr1Gfp/Gfp decidua was less frequent than in B6; however, this difference involved leukocytes other than DBA+ uNK cells. These studies strongly support roles for NCR1 and its ligands in normal pregnancy promotion.
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707
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Sepulveda FE, de Saint Basile G. Hemophagocytic syndrome: primary forms and predisposing conditions. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 49:20-26. [PMID: 28866302 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH, also referred to a hemophagocytic syndrome) is a life-threatening condition in which uncontrolled activation of lymphocytes and macrophages, and thus the secretion of large amounts of inflammatory cytokines, leads to a severe hyperinflammatory state. Over the last few decades, researchers have characterized primary forms of HLH caused by genetic defects that impair lymphocytes' cytotoxic machinery. Other genetic causes of HLH not related to impaired cytotoxicity have also recently been identified. Furthermore, the so-called 'acquired' forms of HLH are encountered in the context of severe infections, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, malignancy, and metabolic disorders, and may also be associated with primary immunodeficiencies. This implies that a variety of disease mechanisms can lead to HLH. Today's research seeks to gain a better understanding of the various pathogenetic and environmental factors that converge to induce HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Sepulveda
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris F-75015, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Homeostasis of the Immune System, Paris F-75015, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris F-75015, France; Centre d'Etudes des Déficites Immunitaires, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015, France.
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708
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Cabo M, Offringa R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Muntasell A, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1371896. [PMID: 29209572 PMCID: PMC5706611 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1371896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to establish new or boost pre-existing anticancer immune responses that eradicate malignant cells while generating immunological memory to prevent disease relapse. Over the past few years, immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block co-inhibitory receptors on immune effectors cells - such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, best known as PD-1) - or their ligands - such as CD274 (best known as PD-L1) - have proven very successful in this sense. As a consequence, many of such immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have already entered the clinical practice for various oncological indications. Considerable attention is currently being attracted by a second group of immunomodulatory mAbs, which are conceived to activate co-stimulatory receptors on immune effector cells. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of action of these immunostimulatory mAbs and summarize recent progress in their preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Cabo
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of General Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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709
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Holland T, Wohlleber D, Marx S, Kreutzberg T, Vento-Asturias S, Schmitt-Mbamunyo C, Welz M, Janas M, Komander K, Eickhoff S, Brewitz A, Hasenberg M, Männ L, Gunzer M, Wilhelm C, Kastenmüller W, Knolle P, Abdullah Z, Kurts C, Garbi N. Rescue of T-cell function during persistent pulmonary adenoviral infection by Toll-like receptor 9 activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:416-419.e10. [PMID: 28826775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Holland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samira Marx
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kreutzberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Meike Welz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Janas
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Komander
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Eickhoff
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Brewitz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Linda Männ
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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710
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Escher F, Kühl U, Lassner D, Stroux A, Gross U, Westermann D, Pieske B, Poller W, Schultheiss HP. High Perforin-Positive Cardiac Cell Infiltration and Male Sex Predict Adverse Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005352. [PMID: 28862949 PMCID: PMC5586411 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors analyzed the effects of perforin-dependent infiltration on long-term mortality in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (CMi). We previously demonstrated that left ventricular function deteriorates and progresses to substantial cardiac dysfunction in patients with perforin-positive cardiac cell infiltration. METHODS AND RESULTS Between 2003 and 2013, 2389 consecutive patients with clinically suspected CMi who underwent endomyocardial biopsies were enrolled. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed at first admission after exclusion of ischemic or valvular heart disease, and CMi was confirmed in 1717 patients. Follow-up was up to 10.1 years (median 0.47 years; interquartile range, 0.03-2.56 years) and information on vital status was obtained from official resident data files. Multivariable statistical analysis was conducted for all patients with CMi regarding significant predictors of all-cause mortality or need for heart transplantation. Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed perforin above the calculated cutoff point of 2.9 cells/mm² as a strong predictor of impaired survival with a hazard ratio of 1.881 (95% confidence interval, 1.177-3.008; P=0.008), independent of left ventricular function and other myocardial inflammation markers (CD3, macrophage-1 antigen, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1, human leukocyte antigen-1, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1). Unexpectedly, male sex emerged as another strong adverse predictor of survival in CMi (hazard ratio, 1.863; confidence interval, 1.096-3.168 [P=0.022]). Whereas left ventricular ejection fraction course is adversely affected by myocardial perforin, multivariate analysis indicates that left ventricular ejection fraction explains only part of the observed overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS High perforin-positive cardiac cell infiltration and male sex are independent adverse predictors of long-term mortality in CMi. Furthermore, exact quantification of immunohistochemically detected infiltrates is necessary to assess the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Escher
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, CVK--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner side Berlin partner side Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kühl
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, CVK--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Lassner
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Stroux
- Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gross
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner side Berlin partner side Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, CVK--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner side Berlin partner side Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, CBF--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner side Berlin partner side Hamburg, Germany
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711
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House IG, House CM, Brennan AJ, Gilan O, Dawson MA, Whisstock JC, Law RH, Trapani JA, Voskoboinik I. Regulation of perforin activation and pre-synaptic toxicity through C-terminal glycosylation. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1775-1785. [PMID: 28808112 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perforin is a highly cytotoxic pore-forming protein essential for immune surveillance by cytotoxic lymphocytes. Prior to delivery to target cells by exocytosis, perforin is stored in acidic secretory granules where it remains functionally inert. However, how cytotoxic lymphocytes remain protected from their own perforin prior to its export to secretory granules, particularly in the Ca2+-rich endoplasmic reticulum, remains unknown. Here, we show that N-linked glycosylation of the perforin C-terminus at Asn549 within the endoplasmic reticulum inhibits oligomerisation of perforin monomers and thus protects the host cell from premature pore formation. Subsequent removal of this glycan occurs through proteolytic processing of the C-terminus within secretory granules and is imperative for perforin activation prior to secretion. Despite evolutionary conservation of the C-terminus, we found that processing is carried out by multiple proteases, which we attribute to the unstructured and exposed nature of the region. In sum, our studies reveal a post-translational regulatory mechanism essential for maintaining perforin in an inactive state until its secretion from the inhibitory acidic environment of the secretory granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran G House
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Colin M House
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Amelia J Brennan
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Omer Gilan
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Ruby Hp Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ilia Voskoboinik
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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712
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Wu Q, Pi L, Le Trinh T, Zuo C, Xia M, Jiao Y, Hou Z, Jo S, Puszyk W, Pham K, Nelson DR, Robertson K, Ostrov D, Rameshwar P, Xia CQ, Liu C. A Novel Vaccine Targeting Glypican-3 as a Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Ther 2017; 25:2299-2308. [PMID: 28865999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide, with limited treatment options. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is overexpressed in most HCC tissues but not in normal tissues. GPC3-targeting antibody therapy shows limited response in a clinical trial due to the lack of a tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Here, in C57/B6 mice, we demonstrated that intravenous infusion of GPC3-coupled lymphocytes (LC/GPC3+) elicited robust GPC3-specific antibody and CTL responses, which effectively restricted proliferation and lysed cultured-HCC cells. Treatment with LC/GPC3+ induced durable tumor regression in HCC-bearing C57/B6 mice. Administration of LC/GPC3+ induced elevated levels of the cytotoxic T cell bioactive factors tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), granzyme B, and perforin, and substantially increased the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Moreover, immune responses elicited by LC/GPC3+ selectively suppressed GPC3+ tumors, but didn't affect the GPC3- tumors in BALB/c mice. Our findings provide the first preclinical evidence that intravenous infusion of the LC/GPC3+ complex can induce a strong anti-HCC effect through regulating systemic and local immune responses. These results indicate that the LC/GPC3+ complex could be developed as precision therapeutics for HCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thu Le Trinh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Province Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, P.R. China
| | - Man Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Province Cancer Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhouhua Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, P.R. China
| | - Sung Jo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - William Puszyk
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Keith Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 85259, USA
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Chang Qing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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713
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Abstract
Like all somatic tissues, the human immune system changes with age. This is believed to result in an increased frequency of, and susceptibility to, infectious disease and to contribute to a wide range of non-communicable age-associated diseases in later life, especially cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmunity. The majority of studies addressing immune ageing has been cross-sectional, but limited longitudinal studies are contributing to a better understanding of age-associated changes, as opposed to differences, and their clinical relevance. However, intriguing differences are emerging that implicate highly context-dependent immune ageing processes, mitigating against current generalisations concerning human immunosenescence and indicating the necessity for detailed comparisons of different populations, even those that would appear quite similar at first glance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK.,The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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714
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Mirjačić Martinović KM, Vuletić AM, Lj. Babović N, Džodić RR, Konjević GM, Jurišić VB. Attenuated in vitro effects of IFN-α, IL-2 and IL-12 on functional and receptor characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in metastatic melanoma patients. Cytokine 2017; 96:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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715
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Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy activates the peripheral immune response in operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4866. [PMID: 28687760 PMCID: PMC5501824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that in patients with operable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), overall survival (OS) is better in those who undergo hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (HSRT) than in those who undergo surgery. However, the reason that HSRT has a better OS has not been fully explored. Here, we analyzed reconstitution kinetics in immune cells in the peripheral blood of NSCLC patients after HSRT. We found that HSRT increased the frequency of total T cells, especially the proportion of CD8+ T cells, but decreased the frequency of inhibitory Tregs. Intracellular staining showed that after HSRT, peripheral CD8+ T cells were transformed into activated T cells, which express high levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, granzyme B and IL-2. HSRT also increased the production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ but down-regulated the production of TGF-β in CD4+ T cells. The frequencies of naïve B cells and double-negative B cells were lower, while the proportions of MZ-like B cells, transitional B cells and plasmablast cells were higher after HSRT. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HSRT activates the peripheral immune response and indicate the dynamic variation in peripheral lymphocytes after HSRT, which is very important for optimizing combination treatments in clinical practice.
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716
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Souza BMB, De Vito FB, Calado ML, Silva MV, Oliveira LR, Rodrigues-Júnior V, Moraes-Souza H. Evaluation of the cytotoxic response mediated by perforin and granzyme B in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:214-220. [PMID: 28679297 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1341978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study quantified the perforin and granzyme B in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) at the time of diagnosis. Protein quantification was performed by flow cytometry. NHL patients had a higher number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) expressing perforin as well as a greater number of activated CTLs than the control group. However, intracellular perforin levels in natural killer cells were lower in the NHL patients compared to the control group. Quantitative real time PCR showed that patients had more expression of perforin and granzyme B transcripts compared to the control group. In addition, patients who had expression of both genes below the median found for the NHL group had lower survival rates. Considering this, we believe that perforin and granzyme B are potential prognostic markers in NHL and thus it is fundamental to pay attention to their expressions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Maria Bereta Souza
- a Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia , Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | | | - Marianna Licati Calado
- a Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia , Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Silva
- b Disciplina de Imunologia , Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
| | | | | | - Helio Moraes-Souza
- a Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia , Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Brazil
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717
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Arias M, Martínez-Lostao L, Santiago L, Ferrandez A, Granville DJ, Pardo J. The Untold Story of Granzymes in Oncoimmunology: Novel Opportunities with Old Acquaintances. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:407-422. [PMID: 28718416 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For more than 20 years perforin and granzymes (GZMs) have been recognized as key cell death executors of cytotoxic T (Tc) and natural killer (NK) cells during cancer immunosurveillance. In immune surveillance, perforin and GZMB, the most potent cytotoxic molecules, act mainly as antitumoral and anti-infectious factors. However, when expressed by immune regulatory cells they may contribute to immune evasion of specific cancer types. By contrast, the other major granzyme, GZMA, seems not to play a major role in Tc/NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but acts as a proinflammatory cytokine that might contribute to cancer development. Members of the GZM family also regulate other biological processes unrelated to cell death, such as angiogenesis, vascular integrity, extracellular matrix remodeling, and barrier function, all of which contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Thus, a new paradigm is emerging in the field of oncoimmunology. Can GZMs act as protumoral factors under some circumstances? We review the diverse roles of GZMs in cancer progression, and new therapeutic opportunities emerging from targeting these protumoral roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel Arias
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, and Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología Hospital Clínico Universitario Lorenzo Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Ferrandez
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lorenzo Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julián Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, and Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain.
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718
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Strömvall K, Thysell E, Halin Bergström S, Bergh A. Aggressive rat prostate tumors reprogram the benign parts of the prostate and regional lymph nodes prior to metastasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176679. [PMID: 28472073 PMCID: PMC5417597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to grow and spread tumors need to interact with adjacent tissues. We therefore hypothesized that small but aggressive prostate cancers influence the rest of the prostate and regional lymph nodes differently than tumors that are more indolent. Poorly metastatic (Dunning AT1) or highly metastatic (Dunning MLL) rat prostate tumor cells were injected into the ventral prostate lobe of immunocompetent rats. After 10 days—when the tumors occupied about 30% of the prostate lobe and lymph node metastases were undetectable—the global gene expression in tumors, benign parts of the prostate, and regional iliac lymph nodes were examined to define tumor-induced changes related to preparation for future metastasis. The tumors induced profound effects on the gene expression profiles in the benign parts of the prostate and these were strikingly different in the two tumor models. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that tumors with high metastatic capacity were more successful than less metastatic tumors in inducing tumor-promoting changes and suppressing anti-tumor immune responses in the entire prostate. Some of these differences such as altered angiogenesis, nerve density, accumulation of T-cells and macrophages were verified by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression alterations in the regional lymph nodes suggested decreased quantity and activation of immune cells in MLL-lymph nodes that were also verified by immunostaining. In summary, even when small highly metastatic prostate tumors can affect the entire tumor-bearing organ and pre-metastatic lymph nodes differently than less metastatic tumors. When the kinetics of these extratumoral influences (by us named TINT = tumor instructed normal tissue) are more precisely defined they could potentially be used as markers of disease aggressiveness and become therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Strömvall
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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719
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Leung C, Hodel AW, Brennan AJ, Lukoyanova N, Tran S, House CM, Kondos SC, Whisstock JC, Dunstone MA, Trapani JA, Voskoboinik I, Saibil HR, Hoogenboom BW. Real-time visualization of perforin nanopore assembly. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:467-473. [PMID: 28166206 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perforin is a key protein of the vertebrate immune system. Secreted by cytotoxic lymphocytes as soluble monomers, perforin can self-assemble into oligomeric pores of 10-20 nm inner diameter in the membranes of virus-infected and cancerous cells. These large pores facilitate the entry of pro-apoptotic granzymes, thereby rapidly killing the target cell. To elucidate the pathways of perforin pore assembly, we carried out real-time atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy studies. Our experiments reveal that the pore assembly proceeds via a membrane-bound prepore intermediate state, typically consisting of up to approximately eight loosely but irreversibly assembled monomeric subunits. These short oligomers convert to more closely packed membrane nanopore assemblies, which can subsequently recruit additional prepore oligomers to grow the pore size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Leung
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Crystallography/Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Adrian W Hodel
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amelia J Brennan
- Killer Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Natalya Lukoyanova
- Department of Crystallography/Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Sharon Tran
- Killer Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Colin M House
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Kondos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michelle A Dunstone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ilia Voskoboinik
- Killer Cell Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Department of Crystallography/Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Bart W Hoogenboom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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720
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Label-free Analysis of CD8+ T Cell Subset Proteomes Supports a Progressive Differentiation Model of Human-Virus-Specific T Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1068-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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721
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Cheuk S, Martini E, Bergh K, Chang D, Rethi B, Ståhle M, Eidsmo L. Granzyme A potentiates chemokine production in IL-17-stimulated keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:824-827. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Cheuk
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elisa Martini
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergh
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - David Chang
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
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722
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Ishiguro S, Uppalapati D, Goldsmith Z, Robertson D, Hodge J, Holt H, Nakashima A, Turner K, Tamura M. Exopolysaccharides extracted from Parachlorella kessleri inhibit colon carcinoma growth in mice via stimulation of host antitumor immune responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175064. [PMID: 28380056 PMCID: PMC5381895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly purified extracellular polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides) from Parachlorella kessleri (PCEPS) were evaluated on their antitumor and immunomodulatory effects in cell culture and mouse colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model. In two-dimensional cell culture, the PCEPS treatment inhibited cell growth of both murine and human colon carcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the growth of mouse splenocytes (SPLs) and bone marrow cells (BMCs) were stimulated by the treatment with PCEPS. The treatment with PCEPS also increased specific subpopulations of the cells in BMCs: antigen presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophage) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In three-dimensional spheroid culture, spheroid growth of CT26 cells co-cultured with HL-60 human neutrophilic promyeloblasts and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblasts), but not THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage was significantly attenuated by PCEPS treatment. In a mouse CT26 colon carcinoma peritoneal dissemination model, intraperitoneal injection of PCEPS (10 mg/kg, twice per week) significantly attenuated the growth of CT26 colon carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The present study suggests that PCEPS inhibits colon carcinoma growth via direct cell growth inhibition and a stimulation of the host antitumor immune responses. Taken together, the current study suggests that exopolysaccharides derived from Parachlorella kessleri contain significant bioactive materials that inhibit colon carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Uppalapati
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Zachary Goldsmith
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dana Robertson
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jacob Hodge
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hayley Holt
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Arashi Nakashima
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Katie Turner
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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723
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HIV-Specific Granzyme B-Secreting but Not Gamma Interferon-Secreting T Cells Are Associated with Reduced Viral Reservoirs in Early HIV Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02233-16. [PMID: 28179527 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02233-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection cure is the establishment of a viral reservoir in spite of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is unclear how HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) influence the size of the reservoir in early HIV infection. Twenty-eight subjects with early HIV infection were recruited to receive cART and followed for 48 weeks. HIV reservoirs in peripheral CD4+ T cells measured by cell-associated proviral DNA and viral outgrowth cultures were determined at baseline and after 48 weeks of cART. At baseline, granzyme B and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays were performed with peptides spanning the HIV proteome. All subjects had detectable HIV-specific granzyme B and IFN-γ responses at baseline. The quantity and specificity of granzyme B responses did not correlate with IFN-γ responses. For granzyme B, Tat/Rev was the most dominant whereas for IFN-γ, Gag predominated. HIV-specific granzyme B T cell responses negatively correlated with HIV proviral loads at baseline and at 48 weeks and with replication-competent viral infectious units per million (IUPM) CD4+ T cells at baseline but not significantly at 48 weeks. Tat/Rev-, Env-, Gag-, and Vif-specific granzyme B responses correlated most strongly with reservoir control. There was no correlation of HIV-specific IFN-γ responses with reservoir size at baseline or at 48 weeks. The majority of granzyme B responses were contributed by CD8+ T cells. Thus, our findings suggest that the induction of potent granzyme B-producing CTLs to Tat, Rev, Env, Gag, and Vif during early infection may be able to prevent the establishment of a large viral reservoir, thereby facilitating a reduced HIV burden.IMPORTANCE A major barrier to the cure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the establishment of a viral reservoir that must be significantly reduced or eradicated entirely to enable a cure. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) alone is unable to clear this viral reservoir. It has been shown that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important in controlling early HIV infection by reducing plasma viremia. However, it is not known if these HIV-specific CTLs influence the establishment of the viral reservoir in early HIV infection. We show that HIV-specific granzyme B responses targeting HIV Tat/Rev, Env, Gag, and Vif, but not IFN-γ responses, are associated with reduced virus reservoirs at baseline and at 48 weeks of cART. These findings shed light on the nature of the effector CTL response that might limit reservoir size with implications for cure research and HIV vaccines.
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724
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Wattrang E, Magnusson SE, Näslund K, Thebo P, Hagström Å, Smith AL, Lundén A. Expression of perforin, granzyme A and Fas ligand mRNA in caecal tissues upon Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune chickens. Parasite Immunol 2017; 38:419-30. [PMID: 27136454 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic cells of the immune system may kill infected or transformed host cells via the perforin/granzyme or the Fas ligand (FasL) pathways. The purpose of this study was to determine mRNA expression of perforin, granzyme A and FasL in Eimeria tenella-infected tissues at primary infection and infection of immune chickens as an indirect measure of cytotoxic cell activity. Chickens were rendered immune by repeated E. tenella infections, which were manifested as an absence of clinical signs or pathological lesions and significantly reduced oocyst production upon challenge infection. During primary E. tenella infection, perforin, granzyme A and FasL mRNA expression in caecal tissue was significantly increased at 10 days after infection, compared to uninfected birds. In contrast, at infection of immune birds, perforin and granzyme A mRNA expression in caecal tissue was significantly increased during the early stages of E. tenella challenge infection, days 1-4, which coincided with a substantial reduction of parasite replication in these birds. These results indicate the activation of cytotoxic pathways in immune birds and support a role for cytotoxic T cells in the protection against Eimeria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wattrang
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S E Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Näslund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Thebo
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hagström
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A L Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Lundén
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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725
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Bengsch B, Ohtani T, Herati RS, Bovenschen N, Chang KM, Wherry EJ. Deep immune profiling by mass cytometry links human T and NK cell differentiation and cytotoxic molecule expression patterns. J Immunol Methods 2017; 453:3-10. [PMID: 28322863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of infected or tumor cells by direct lysis is a key T and NK cell effector function. T and NK cells can kill target cells by coordinated secretion of cytotoxic granules containing one or both pore-forming proteins, perforin and granulysin and combinations of granzyme (Gzm) family effector proteases (in humans: Gzm A, B, K, M and H). Understanding the pattern of expression of cytotoxic molecules and the relationship to different states of T and NK cells may have direct relevance for immune responses in autoimmunity, infectious disease and cancer. Approaches capable of simultaneously evaluating expression of multiple cytotoxic molecules with detailed information on T and NK differentiation state, however, remain limited. Here, we established a high dimensional mass cytometry approach to comprehensively interrogate single cell proteomic expression of cytotoxic programs and lymphocyte differentiation. This assay identified a coordinated expression pattern of cytotoxic molecules linked to CD8 T cell differentiation stages. Coordinated high expression of perforin, granulysin, Gzm A, Gzm B and Gzm M was associated with markers of late effector memory differentiation and expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1. However, classical gating and dimensionality reduction approaches also identified other discordant patterns of cytotoxic molecule expression in CD8 T cells, including reduced perforin, but high Gzm A, Gzm K and Gzm M expression. When applied to non-CD8 T cells, this assay identified different patterns of cytotoxic molecule co-expression by CD56hi versus CD56dim defined NK cell developmental stages; in CD4 T cells, low expression of cytotoxic molecules was found mainly in TH1 phenotype cells, but not in Tregs or T follicular helper cells (TFH). Thus, this comprehensive, single cell, proteomic assessment of cytotoxic protein co-expression patterns demonstrates specialized cytotoxic programs in T cells and NK cells linked to their differentiation stages. Such comprehensive cytotoxic profiling may identify distinct patterns of cytotoxic potential relevant for specific infections, autoimmunity or tumor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takuya Ohtani
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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726
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O’Brien PJ, Edvardsson A. Validation of a Multiparametric, High-Content-Screening Assay for Predictive/Investigative Cytotoxicity: Evidence from Technology Transfer Studies and Literature Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:804-829. [PMID: 28147486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter James O’Brien
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Stillorgan Road, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory, Park West Enterprise Centre, Lavery Avenue, Park West, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Anna Edvardsson
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Stillorgan Road, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Advanced Diagnostic Laboratory, Park West Enterprise Centre, Lavery Avenue, Park West, Dublin 12, Ireland
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727
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RNA-Seq analysis of chikungunya virus infection and identification of granzyme A as a major promoter of arthritic inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006155. [PMID: 28207896 PMCID: PMC5312928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus causing epidemics of acute and chronic arthritic disease. Herein we describe a comprehensive RNA-Seq analysis of feet and lymph nodes at peak viraemia (day 2 post infection), acute arthritis (day 7) and chronic disease (day 30) in the CHIKV adult wild-type mouse model. Genes previously shown to be up-regulated in CHIKV patients were also up-regulated in the mouse model. CHIKV sequence information was also obtained with up to ≈8% of the reads mapping to the viral genome; however, no adaptive viral genome changes were apparent. Although day 2, 7 and 30 represent distinct stages of infection and disease, there was a pronounced overlap in up-regulated host genes and pathways. Type I interferon response genes (IRGs) represented up to ≈50% of up-regulated genes, even after loss of type I interferon induction on days 7 and 30. Bioinformatic analyses suggested a number of interferon response factors were primarily responsible for maintaining type I IRG induction. A group of genes prominent in the RNA-Seq analysis and hitherto unexplored in viral arthropathies were granzymes A, B and K. Granzyme A-/- and to a lesser extent granzyme K-/-, but not granzyme B-/-, mice showed a pronounced reduction in foot swelling and arthritis, with analysis of granzyme A-/- mice showing no reductions in viral loads but reduced NK and T cell infiltrates post CHIKV infection. Treatment with Serpinb6b, a granzyme A inhibitor, also reduced arthritic inflammation in wild-type mice. In non-human primates circulating granzyme A levels were elevated after CHIKV infection, with the increase correlating with viral load. Elevated granzyme A levels were also seen in a small cohort of human CHIKV patients. Taken together these results suggest granzyme A is an important driver of arthritic inflammation and a potential target for therapy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00281294 The largest chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemic ever recorded began in 2004 in Africa and spread across Asia reaching Europe and recently the Americas, with millions of cases reported. We undertook a detailed analysis of the mRNA expression profile during acute and chronic arthritis in an adult wild-type mouse model of CHIKV infection and disease. Gene induction profiles showed a high concordance with published human data, providing some validation of the mouse model. The host response was overwhelmingly dominated by type I interferon response genes, even after type I interferon induction was lost. The analysis also provided information on CHIKV RNA, with no adaptive viral genome changes identified. An important goal of the analysis was to identify new players in arthritic inflammation. Granzyme A was prominent in the RNA-Seq data and granzyme A deficient mice showed reduced arthritis, with no effects on viral loads. Arthritic disease could also be ameliorated in wild-type mice with a granzyme A inhibitor. Elevated circulating granzyme A levels were seen in non-human primates infected with CHIKV and in human CHIKV patients. Granzyme A thus emerges to be a major driver of CHIKV-mediated arthritic inflammation and a potential target for anti-inflammatory interventions.
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728
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Spicer JA, Miller CK, O'Connor PD, Jose J, Huttunen KM, Jaiswal JK, Denny WA, Akhlaghi H, Browne KA, Trapani JA. Benzenesulphonamide inhibitors of the cytolytic protein perforin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1050-1054. [PMID: 28110869 PMCID: PMC5303009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pore-forming protein perforin is a key component of mammalian cell-mediated immunity and essential to the pathway that allows elimination of virus-infected and transformed cells. Perforin activity has also been implicated in certain auto-immune conditions and therapy-induced conditions such as allograft rejection and graft versus host disease. An inhibitor of perforin activity could be used as a highly specific immunosuppressive treatment for these conditions, with reduced side-effects compared to currently accepted therapies. Previously identified first-in-class inhibitors based on a 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one core show suboptimal physicochemical properties and toxicity toward the natural killer (NK) cells that secrete perforin in vivo. The current benzenesulphonamide-based series delivers a non-toxic bioisosteric replacement possessing improved solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Spicer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Christian K Miller
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiney Jose
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jagdish K Jaiswal
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, A New Zealand Centre for Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hedieh Akhlaghi
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kylie A Browne
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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729
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Novais FO, Carvalho AM, Clark ML, Carvalho LP, Beiting DP, Brodsky IE, Carvalho EM, Scott P. CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity mediates pathology in the skin by inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006196. [PMID: 28192528 PMCID: PMC5325592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity plays a central role in enhancing disease severity in several conditions. However, we have little understanding of the mechanisms by which immunopathology develops as a consequence of cytotoxicity. Using murine models of inflammation induced by the protozoan parasite leishmania, and data obtained from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, we uncovered a previously unrecognized role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release as a detrimental consequence of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ultimately resulting in chronic inflammation. Critically, pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 or IL-1β significantly ameliorated the CD8+ T cell-driven immunopathology in leishmania-infected mice. Confirming the relevance of these findings to human leishmaniasis, blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome in skin biopsies from leishmania-infected patients prevented IL-1β release. Thus, these studies link CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity with inflammasome activation and reveal novel avenues of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as other of diseases where CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity induces pathology. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in 98 countries and approximately 1 million new cases occur each year. Disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis, the main causative agent of leishmaniasis in South America, leads to skin ulcers that are difficult to heal with drugs that target the parasites. This is because disease severity seen in patients infected with L. braziliensis is largely due to the immune response that develops, rather than the number of parasites in the skin. CD8+ T cells induce cell death in the lesions of L. braziliensis-infected mice, as well as in the lesions from L. braziliensis-infected patients, which promotes disease. However, the mechanism mediating CD8+ T cell dependent pathology is unknown. Here, using studies in mice and experiments with L. braziliensis patients’ samples we show that increased disease severity is due to inflammasome activation, and furthermore that therapies that block either inflammasome activation or IL-1β ameliorate disease in mouse models of severe leishmaniasis. Based on these studies we propose a novel strategy of therapy for L. braziliensis infection and other diseases in which cytotoxicity plays a central role in promoting disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O. Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Augusto M. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Megan L. Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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730
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Dettleff P, Moen T, Santi N, Martinez V. Transcriptomic analysis of spleen infected with infectious salmon anemia virus reveals distinct pattern of viral replication on resistant and susceptible Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 61:187-193. [PMID: 28063951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv) produces a systemic infection in salmonids, causing large losses in salmon production. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms exerting disease resistance. In this paper, we perform an RNA-seq analysis in Atlantic salmon challenged with ISAv (using individuals coming from families that were highly susceptible or highly resistant to ISAv infection). We evaluated the differential expression of both host and ISAv genes in a target organ for the virus, i.e. the spleen. The results showed differential expression of host genes related to response to stress, immune response and protein folding (genes such as; atf3, mhc, mx1-3, cd276, cd2, cocs1, c7, il10, il10rb, il13ra2, ubl-1, ifng, ifngr1, hivep2, sigle14 and sigle5). An increased protein processing activity was found in susceptible fish, which generates a subsequent unfolded protein response. We observed extreme differences in the expression of viral segments between susceptible and resistant groups, demonstrating the capacity of resistant fish to overcome the virus replication, generating a very low viral load. This phenomenon and survival of this higher resistant fish seem to be related to differences in immune and translational process, as well as to the increase of HIV-EP2 (hivep2) transcript in resistant fish, although the causal mechanism is yet to be discovered. This study provides valuable information about disease resistance mechanisms in Atlantic salmon from a host-pathogen interaction point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dettleff
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Nina Santi
- AQUAGEN Norway, Trondheim NO-7462, Norway.
| | - Victor Martinez
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.
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731
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Weigt SS, Wang X, Palchevskiy V, Gregson AL, Patel N, DerHovanessian A, Shino MY, Sayah DM, Birjandi S, Lynch JP, Saggar R, Ardehali A, Ross DJ, Palmer SM, Elashoff D, Belperio JA. Gene Expression Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells Preceding a Clinical Diagnosis of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169894. [PMID: 28103284 PMCID: PMC5245825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) is the main limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation. Although CLAD is usually not responsive to treatment, earlier identification may improve treatment prospects. Methods In a nested case control study, 1-year post transplant surveillance bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were obtained from incipient CLAD (n = 9) and CLAD free (n = 8) lung transplant recipients. Incipient CLAD cases were diagnosed with CLAD within 2 years, while controls were free from CLAD for at least 4 years following bronchoscopy. Transcription profiles in the BAL cell pellets were assayed with the HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarray (Affymetrix). Differential gene expression analysis, based on an absolute fold change (incipient CLAD vs no CLAD) >2.0 and an unadjusted p-value ≤0.05, generated a candidate list containing 55 differentially expressed probe sets (51 up-regulated, 4 down-regulated). Results The cell pellets in incipient CLAD cases were skewed toward immune response pathways, dominated by genes related to recruitment, retention, activation and proliferation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ T-cells and natural killer cells). Both hierarchical clustering and a supervised machine learning tool were able to correctly categorize most samples (82.3% and 94.1% respectively) into incipient CLAD and CLAD-free categories. Conclusions These findings suggest that a pathobiology, similar to AR, precedes a clinical diagnosis of CLAD. A larger prospective investigation of the BAL cell pellet transcriptome as a biomarker for CLAD risk stratification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Samuel Weigt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vyacheslav Palchevskiy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aric L. Gregson
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Naman Patel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ariss DerHovanessian
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Y. Shino
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Sayah
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shirin Birjandi
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Abbas Ardehali
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Ross
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John A. Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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732
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Epigenetic control of mitochondrial cell death through PACS1-mediated regulation of BAX/BAK oligomerization. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:961-970. [PMID: 28060382 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PCAF and ADA3 associate within the same macromolecular complexes to control the transcription of many genes, including some that regulate apoptosis. Here we show that PCAF and ADA3 regulate the expression of PACS1, whose protein product is a key component of the machinery that sorts proteins among the trans-Golgi network and the endosomal compartment. We describe a novel role for PACS1 as a regulator of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Cells with decreased PACS1 expression were refractory to cell death mediated by a variety of stimuli that operate through the mitochondrial pathway, including human granzyme B, staurosporine, ultraviolet radiation and etoposide, but remained sensitive to TRAIL receptor ligation. The mitochondria of protected cells failed to release cytochrome c as a result of perturbed oligomerization of BAX and BAK. We conclude that PCAF and ADA3 transcriptionally regulate PACS1 and that PACS1 is a key regulator of BAX/BAK oligomerization and the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway to apoptosis.
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733
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Multi-parametric imaging of cell heterogeneity in apoptosis analysis. Methods 2017; 112:105-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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734
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Mohammadi A, Fazeli B, Taheri M, Sahebkar A, Poursina Z, Vakili V, Yazdi SZ, Keramati Z, Boostani R, Hampson I, Rafatpanah H. Modulatory effects of curcumin on apoptosis and cytotoxicity-related molecules in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:457-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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735
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Neely AE, Mandigo KA, Robinson RL, Ness TL, Weiland MH. Chimeric approach for narrowing a membrane-inserting region within human perforin. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 30:105-111. [PMID: 27980121 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perforin is a pore-forming, immune protein that functions to deliver an apoptotic cocktail of proteins into a target pathogen. Recent studies of the bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) have provided a model for perforin's pore-forming mechanism. Both perforin and CDC family members share a conserved β-sheet flanked by two clusters of α-helices. Within the CDCs, these helices refold into two transmembrane β-hairpins, TMH1 and TMH2. Based upon structural conservation and electron microscopy imaging, the analogous helices within perforin are predicted to also be membrane inserting; however, these regions are approximately twice the length of the CDC TMHs. To test the membrane-insertion potential of one of these regions, chimeras were created using a well-characterized CDC, perfringolysin-O (PFO), as the backbone of these constructs. PFO's TMH2 region was replaced with perforin's corresponding helical region. Although hemolytic activity was observed, the chimera was poorly soluble. A second chimera contained the same region truncated to match the length of the PFO TMH2 region. The truncated chimera demonstrated improved solubility, significant hemolytic activity and the ability to form pores characteristic of those created by PFO. These results provide the first evidence that perforin's helices function as TMHs and more importantly narrows the residues responsible for membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Kimberly A Mandigo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Rebekah L Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA.,Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Traci L Ness
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - Mitch H Weiland
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
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736
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Sudworth A, Dai KZ, Vaage JT, Kveberg L. Degranulation Response in Cytotoxic Rat Lymphocytes Measured with a Novel CD107a Antibody. Front Immunol 2016; 7:572. [PMID: 28003815 PMCID: PMC5141239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring degranulation through CD107a expression has become an advantageous tool for testing the functional capacity of cytotoxic cells. Such functional studies have been hampered in the rat by the lack of a suitable anti-rat CD107a antibody. In this study, we report a novel hybridoma generated by immunizing Armenian inbred hamsters with transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing CD107a. The SIM1 clone exhibited specific reactivity with CD107a and measured degranulation from natural killer (NK) cells stimulated with target cells or mAb crosslinking of their activating receptors. Degranulation in IL-2-activated NK cells could also be measured, when using low effector to target ratios. SIM1 also stained activated CD8, but not CD4 T cells. This report characterizes the degranulation response in cytotoxic rat cells with a new antibody against rat CD107a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sudworth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ke-Zheng Dai
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Lise Kveberg
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
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737
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Jones RB, Mueller S, Kumari S, Vrbanac V, Genel S, Tager AM, Allen TM, Walker BD, Irvine DJ. Antigen recognition-triggered drug delivery mediated by nanocapsule-functionalized cytotoxic T-cells. Biomaterials 2016; 117:44-53. [PMID: 27936416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTLs) kill pathogen-infected or transformed cells following interaction of their T-cell receptors (TCRs) with foreign (e.g. virus-derived) peptides bound to MHC-I molecules on the target cell. TCR binding triggers CTLs to secrete perforin, which forms pores in the target cell membrane, promoting target death. Here, we show that by conjugating drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles to the surface of CTLs, their lytic machinery can be co-opted to lyse the cell-bound drug carrier, providing triggered release of drug cargo upon target cell recognition. Protein encapsulated in T-cell-bound nanoparticles was released following culture of CTLs with target cells in an antigen dose- and perforin-dependent manner and coincided with target cell lysis. Using this approach, we demonstrate the capacity of HIV-specific CTLs to deliver an immunotherapeutic agent to an anatomical site of viral replication. This strategy provides a novel means to couple drug delivery to the action of therapeutic cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brad Jones
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dept of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Mueller
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Kumari
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vlad Vrbanac
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shy Genel
- Astronomy Dept., Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dept. of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dept. of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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738
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Martínez Gómez JM, Periasamy P, Dutertre CA, Irving AT, Ng JHJ, Crameri G, Baker ML, Ginhoux F, Wang LF, Alonso S. Phenotypic and functional characterization of the major lymphocyte populations in the fruit-eating bat Pteropus alecto. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37796. [PMID: 27883085 PMCID: PMC5121612 DOI: 10.1038/srep37796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique ability of bats to act as reservoir for viruses that are highly pathogenic to humans suggests unique properties and functional characteristics of their immune system. However, the lack of bat specific reagents, in particular antibodies, has limited our knowledge of bat's immunity. Using cross-reactive antibodies, we report the phenotypic and functional characterization of T cell subsets, B and NK cells in the fruit-eating bat Pteropus alecto. Our findings indicate the predominance of CD8+ T cells in the spleen from wild-caught bats that may reflect either the presence of viruses in this organ or predominance of this cell subset at steady state. Instead majority of T cells in circulation, lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM) were CD4+ subsets. Interestingly, 40% of spleen T cells expressed constitutively IL-17, IL-22 and TGF-β mRNA, which may indicate a strong bias towards the Th17 and regulatory T cell subsets. Furthermore, the unexpected high number of T cells in bats BM could suggest an important role in T cell development. Finally, mitogenic stimulation induced proliferation and production of effector molecules by bats immune cells. This work contributes to a better understanding of bat's immunity, opening up new perspectives of therapeutic interventions for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia María Martínez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pravin Periasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Aaron Trent Irving
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Justin Han Jia Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gary Crameri
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology programme, Life Sciences Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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739
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Frick M, Mouchacca P, Verdeil G, Hamon Y, Billaudeau C, Buferne M, Fallet M, Auphan-Anezin N, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Boyer C. Distinct patterns of cytolytic T-cell activation by different tumour cells revealed by Ca 2+ signalling and granule mobilization. Immunology 2016; 150:199-212. [PMID: 27716898 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-germline genes in both humans and mice have been shown to encode antigens susceptible to targeting by cytotoxic CD8 T effector cells (CTL). We analysed the ability of CTL to kill different tumour cell lines expressing the same cancer-germline gene P1A (Trap1a). We previously demonstrated that CTL expressing a T-cell receptor specific for the P1A35-43 peptide associated with H-2Ld , although able to induce regression of P1A-expressing P815 mastocytoma cells, were much less effective against P1A-expressing melanoma cells. Here, we analysed parameters of the in vitro interaction between P1A-specific CTL and mastocytoma or melanoma cells expressing similar levels of the P1A gene and of surface H-2Ld . The mastocytoma cells were more sensitive to cytolysis than the melanoma cells in vitro. Analysis by video-microscopy of early events required for target cell killing showed that similar patterns of increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) were induced by both types of P1A-expressing tumour cells. However, the use of CTL expressing a fluorescent granzyme B (GZMB-Tom) showed a delay in the migration of cytotoxic granules to the tumour interaction site, as well as a partially deficient GZMB-Tom exocytosis in response to the melanoma cells. Among surface molecules possibly affecting tumour-CTL interactions, the mastocytoma cells were found to express intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the ligand for LFA-1, which was not detected on the melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frick
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Mouchacca
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Yannick Hamon
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrille Billaudeau
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Buferne
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Fallet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Auphan-Anezin
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt-Verhulst
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Boyer
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
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740
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Robinette ML, Colonna M. Immune modules shared by innate lymphoid cells and T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1243-1251. [PMID: 27817796 PMCID: PMC5111630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as innate correlates to T cells. The similarities between ILCs and T cells indicate that lymphocytes of fundamentally distinct lineages can share core "immune modules" that encompass transcriptional circuitry and effector functions while using nonredundant complementary mechanisms of pattern recognition to enact these functions. We review modules currently recognized to be shared between ILCs and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Robinette
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
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741
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Nonomura Y, Otsuka A, Nakashima C, Seidel JA, Kitoh A, Dainichi T, Nakajima S, Sawada Y, Matsushita S, Aoki M, Takenouchi T, Fujimura T, Hatta N, Koreeda S, Fukushima S, Honda T, Kabashima K. Peripheral blood Th9 cells are a possible pharmacodynamic biomarker of nivolumab treatment efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1248327. [PMID: 28123885 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1248327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nivolumab is associated with a significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival, only 20 to 40% of patients experience long-term benefit. It is therefore of great interest to identify a predictive marker of clinical benefit for nivolumab. To address this issue, the frequencies of CD4+ T cell subsets (Treg, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22), CD8+ T cells, and serum cytokine levels (IFNγ, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, TGF-β) were assessed in 46 patients with melanoma. Eighteen patients responded to nivolumab, and the other 28 patients did not. An early increase in Th9 cell counts during the treatment with nivolumab was associated with an improved clinical response. Before the first nivolumab infusion, the responders displayed elevated serum concentrations of TGF-β compared to non-responders. Th9 induction by IL-4 and TGF-β was enhanced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in vitro. The role of IL-9 in disease progression was further assessed using a murine melanoma model. In vivo IL-9 blockade promoted melanoma progression in mice using an autochthonous mouse melanoma model, and the cytotoxic ability of murine melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells was enhanced in the presence of IL-9 in vitro. These findings suggest that Th9 cells, which produce IL-9, play an important role in the successful treatment of melanoma patients with nivolumab. Th9 cells therefore represent a valid biomarker to be further developed in the setting of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nonomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Judith A Seidel
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Aoki
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takenouchi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital , Niigata, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Naohito Hatta
- Department of Dermatology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital , Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore
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742
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NCR1 is an activating receptor expressed on a subset of canine NK cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 177:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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743
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Willenbring RC, Jin F, Hinton DJ, Hansen M, Choi DS, Pavelko KD, Johnson AJ. Modulatory effects of perforin gene dosage on pathogen-associated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:222. [PMID: 27576583 PMCID: PMC5006384 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD8 T cell-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is dependent on the effector molecule perforin. Human perforin has extensive single nucleotide variants (SNVs), the significance of which is not fully understood. These SNVs can result in reduced, but not ablated, perforin activity or expression. However, complete loss of perforin expression or activity results in the lethal disease familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL 2). In this study, we address the hypothesis that a single perforin allele can alter the severity of BBB disruption in vivo using a well-established model of CNS vascular permeability in C57Bl/6 mice. The results of this study provide insight into the significance of perforin SNVs in the human population. Methods We isolated the effect a single perforin allele has on CNS vascular permeability through the use of perforin-heterozygous (perforin+/−) C57BL/6 mice in the peptide-induced fatal syndrome (PIFS) model of immune-mediated BBB disruption. Seven days following Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) CNS infection, neuroinflammation and TMEV viral control were assessed through flow cytometric analysis and quantitative real-time PCR of the viral genome, respectively. Following immune-mediated BBB disruption, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI, with 3D volumetric analysis, and confocal microscopy were used to define CNS vascular permeability. Finally, the open field behavior test was used to assess locomotor activity of mice following immune-mediated BBB disruption. Results Perforin-null mice had negligible CNS vascular permeability. Perforin-WT mice have extensive CNS vascular permeability. Interestingly, perforin-heterozygous mice had an intermediate level of CNS vascular permeability as measured by both gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI and fibrinogen leakage in the brain parenchyma. Differences in BBB disruption were not a result of increased CNS immune infiltrate. Additionally, TMEV was controlled in a perforin dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a single perforin allele is sufficient to induce locomotor deficit during immune-mediated BBB disruption. Conclusions Perforin modulates BBB disruption in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrates a potentially advantageous role for decreased perforin expression in reducing BBB disruption. This study also provides insight into the effect SNVs in a single perforin allele could have on functional deficit in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Willenbring
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Hinton
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mike Hansen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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744
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Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein activates splenic T cells during sepsis in a TLR4-dependent manner. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 15:38-47. [PMID: 27569563 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a novel inflammatory mediator that stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages in sepsis. Given the immune dysregulation that characterizes sepsis, the effect of CIRP on other immune cells is an area of increasing interest that has not yet been studied. In the present study, we hypothesized that extracellular CIRP promotes activation of T lymphocytes in the spleen during sepsis. We observed that mice subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture showed significantly higher expression of the early activation markers CD69 and CD25 at 20 h on CD4+ splenic T cells, and significantly higher CD69 expression on CD8+ splenic T cells compared with sham-operated controls. Furthermore, at 20 h after receiving intravenous injection of recombinant murine CIRP (rmCIRP, 5 mg/kg body weight (BW)) or PBS (vehicle), those mice receiving rmCIRP showed significantly increased expression of CD69 and CD25 on both CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T cells. This effect, however, was not seen in TLR4-deficient mice after rmCIRP injection. In addition, treatment with CIRP predisposed CD4+ T cells to a Th1 hyperinflammatory response profile, and influenced CD8+ T cells toward a cytotoxic profile. Taken together, our findings indicate that CIRP is a proinflammatory mediator that plays an important role in T-cell dysregulation during sepsis in a TLR4-dependent manner.
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745
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Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells target infected or transformed cells with perforin-containing cytotoxic granules through immune synapses, while platelets secrete several types of granules which contents are essential for thrombosis and hemostasis. Recent work has culminated in the notion that an exocytic SNARE complex, based on a very similar set of components, is primarily responsible for exocytosis of the diverse granules in these different cell types. Granule exocytosis is, in particular, uniquely dependent on the atypical Q-SNARE syntaxin 11, its interacting partners of the Sec/Munc (SM) family, and is regulated by Rab27a. Mutations in these exocytic components underlie disease manifestations of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) subtypes, characterized by hyperactivation of the immune system, as well as platelet granule secretion defects. Here we discuss the key discoveries that led to the converging notion of the syntaxin 11-based exocytosis machinery for cytotoxic granules and platelet-derived granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- a Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and.,b NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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746
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Mossu A, Daoui A, Bonnefoy F, Aubergeon L, Saas P, Perruche S. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Die by the CD8 T Cell-Dependent Perforin Pathway during Acute Nonviral Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1672-82. [PMID: 27448589 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the inflammatory response involves the control of dendritic cell survival. To our knowledge, nothing is known about the survival of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in such situation. pDC are specialized in type I IFN (IFN-I) secretion to control viral infections, and IFN-I also negatively regulate pDC survival during the course of viral infections. In this study, we asked about pDC behavior in the setting of virus-free inflammation. We report that pDC survival was profoundly reduced during different nonviral inflammatory situations in the mouse, through a mechanism independent of IFN-I and TLR signaling. Indeed, we demonstrated that during inflammation, CD8(+) T cells induced pDC apoptosis through the perforin pathway. The data suggest, therefore, that pDC have to be turned down during ongoing acute inflammation to not initiate autoimmunity. Manipulating CD8(+) T cell response may therefore represent a new therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of pDC-associated autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Mossu
- INSERM, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; and LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Anna Daoui
- INSERM, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; and LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Francis Bonnefoy
- INSERM, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; and LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Lucie Aubergeon
- INSERM, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; and LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- INSERM, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; and LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- INSERM, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, F-25000 Besançon, France; and LabEx LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, FHU INCREASE, F-25000 Besançon, France
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747
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WASH has a critical role in NK cell cytotoxicity through Lck-mediated phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2301. [PMID: 27441653 PMCID: PMC4973352 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells of the innate immune system to kill certain virus-infected and transformed cells. Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) and SCAR homolog (WASH) has been identified as a member of WASP family proteins implicated in regulating the cytoskeletal reorganization, yet little is known about its function in lymphocytes. Here we demonstrate that WASH is crucial for NK cell cytotoxicity. WASH was found to colocalize with lytic granules upon NK cell activation. Knockdown of WASH expression substantially inhibited polarization and release of lytic granules to the immune synapse, resulting in the impairment of NK cell cytotoxicity. More importantly, our data also define a previously unappreciated mechanism for WASH function, in which Src family kinase Lck can interact with WASH and induce WASH phosphorylation. Mutation of tyrosine residue Y141, identified here as the major site of WASH phosphorylation, partially blocked WASH tyrosine phosphorylation and NK cell cytotoxicity. Taken together, these observations suggest that WASH has a pivotal role for regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity through Lck-mediated Y141 tyrosine phosphorylation.
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748
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Chen X, Haddish-Berhane N, Moore P, Clark T, Yang Y, Li H, Xuan D, Barton HA, Betts AM, Barletta F. Mechanistic Projection of First-in-Human Dose for Bispecific Immunomodulatory P-Cadherin LP-DART: An Integrated PK/PD Modeling Approach. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:232-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - N Haddish-Berhane
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer; Groton Connecticut USA
- Current Address: Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; Quantitative Sciences Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania USA
| | - P Moore
- MacroGenics; Rockville; Maryland USA
| | - T Clark
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer; Groton Connecticut USA
| | - Y Yang
- MacroGenics; Rockville; Maryland USA
| | - H Li
- MacroGenics; Rockville; Maryland USA
| | - D Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacology; Pfizer; San Diego California USA
| | - HA Barton
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer; Groton Connecticut USA
| | - AM Betts
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer; Groton Connecticut USA
| | - F Barletta
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer; Pearl River New York USA
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749
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Mesman AW, Westerhuis BM, Ten Hulscher HI, Jacobi RH, de Bruin E, van Beek J, Buisman AM, Koopmans MP, van Binnendijk RS. Influenza virus A(H1N1)2009 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in young children prior to the H1N1 pandemic. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2157-2165. [PMID: 27412007 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity played a significant role in protection during the latest influenza A virus H1N1 pandemic, especially in older age groups. Structural similarities were found between A(H1N1)2009 and older H1N1 virus strains to which humans had already been exposed. Broadly cross-reactive antibodies capable of neutralizing the A(H1N1)2009 virus have been implicated in this immune protection in adults. We investigated the serological profile of a group of young children aged 9 years (n=55), from whom paired blood samples were available, just prior to the pandemic wave (March 2009) and shortly thereafter (March 2010). On the basis of A(H1N1)2009 seroconversion, 27 of the 55 children (49 %) were confirmed to be infected between these two time points. Within the non-infected group of 28 children (51 %), high levels of seasonal antibodies to H1 and H3 HA1 antigens were detected prior to pandemic exposure, reflecting past infection with H1N1 and H3N2, both of which had circulated in The Netherlands prior to the pandemic. In some children, this reactivity coincided with specific antibody reactivity against A(H1N1)2009. While these antibodies were not able to neutralize the A(H1N1)2009 virus, they were able to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro upon interaction with the A(H1N1)2009 virus. This finding suggests that cross-reactive antibodies could contribute to immune protection in children via ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies W Mesman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda M Westerhuis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hinke I Ten Hulscher
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H Jacobi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin de Bruin
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P Koopmans
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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750
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Netanely D, Avraham A, Ben-Baruch A, Evron E, Shamir R. Expression and methylation patterns partition luminal-A breast tumors into distinct prognostic subgroups. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:74. [PMID: 27386846 PMCID: PMC4936004 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising several biologically different types, exhibiting diverse responses to treatment. In the past years, gene expression profiling has led to definition of several “intrinsic subtypes” of breast cancer (basal-like, HER2-enriched, luminal-A, luminal-B and normal-like), and microarray based predictors such as PAM50 have been developed. Despite their advantage over traditional histopathological classification, precise identification of breast cancer subtypes, especially within the largest and highly variable luminal-A class, remains a challenge. In this study, we revisited the molecular classification of breast tumors using both expression and methylation data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods Unsupervised clustering was applied on 1148 and 679 breast cancer samples using RNA-Seq and DNA methylation data, respectively. Clusters were evaluated using clinical information and by comparison to PAM50 subtypes. Differentially expressed genes and differentially methylated CpGs were tested for enrichment using various annotation sets. Survival analysis was conducted on the identified clusters using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results The clusters in both expression and methylation datasets had only moderate agreement with PAM50 calls, while our partitioning of the luminal samples had better five-year prognostic value than the luminal-A/luminal-B assignment as called by PAM50. Our analysis partitioned the expression profiles of the luminal-A samples into two biologically distinct subgroups exhibiting differential expression of immune-related genes, with one subgroup carrying significantly higher risk for five-year recurrence. Analysis of the luminal-A samples using methylation data identified a cluster of patients with poorer survival, characterized by distinct hyper-methylation of developmental genes. Cox multivariate survival analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of the two partitions after adjustment for commonly used factors such as age and pathological stage. Conclusions Modern genomic datasets reveal large heterogeneity among luminal breast tumors. Our analysis of these data provides two prognostic gene sets that dissect and explain tumor variability within the luminal-A subgroup, thus, contributing to the advancement of subtype-specific diagnosis and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0724-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Netanely
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Avraham
- Oncology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tsrifin, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella Evron
- Oncology Department, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tsrifin, Israel
| | - Ron Shamir
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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