801
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Wasilkowski D, Nowak A, Płaza G, Mrozik A. Effects of Pulp and Na-Bentonite Amendments on the Mobility of Trace Elements, Soil Enzymes Activity and Microbial Parameters under Ex Situ Aided Phytostabilization. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169688. [PMID: 28068396 PMCID: PMC5221882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the potential use of pulp (by-product) from coffee processing and Na-bentonite (commercial product) for minimizing the environmental risk of Zn, Pb and Cd in soil collected from a former mine and zinc-lead smelter. The effects of soil amendments on the physicochemical properties of soil, the structural and functional diversity of the soil microbiome as well as soil enzymes were investigated. Moreover, biomass of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (cultivar Asterix) and the uptake of trace elements in plant tissues were studied. The outdoor pot set contained the following soils: control soil (initial), untreated soil (without additives) with grass cultivation and soils treated (with additives) with and without plant development. All of the selected parameters were measured at the beginning of the experiment (t0), after 2 months of chemical stabilization (t2) and at the end of the aided phytostabilization process (t14). The obtained results indicated that both amendments efficiently immobilized the bioavailable fractions of Zn (87–91%) and Cd (70–83%) at t14; however, they were characterized by a lower ability to bind Pb (33–50%). Pulp and Na-bentonite drastically increased the activity of dehydrogenase (70- and 12-fold, respectively) at t14, while the activities of urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases differed significantly depending on the type of material that was added into the soil. Generally, the activities of these enzymes increased; however, the increase was greater for pulp (3.5-6-fold) than for the Na-bentonite treatment (1.3–2.2-fold) as compared to the control. Soil additives significantly influenced the composition and dynamics of the soil microbial biomass over the experiment. At the end, the contribution of microbial groups could be ordered as follows: gram negative bacteria, fungi, gram positive bacteria, actinomycetes regardless of the type of soil enrichment. Conversely, the shift in the functional diversity of the microorganisms in the treated soils mainly resulted from plant cultivation. Meanwhile, the highest biomass of plants at t14 was collected from the soil with Na-bentonite (6.7 g dw-1), while it was much lower in a case of pulp treatment (1.43–1.57 g dw-1). Moreover, the measurements of the heavy metal concentrations in the plant roots and shoots clearly indicated that the plants mainly accumulated metals in the roots but that the accumulation of individual metals depended on the soil additives. The efficiency of the accumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn by the roots was determined to be 124, 100 and 26% higher in the soil that was enriched with Na-bentonite in comparison with the soil that was amended with pulp, respectively. The values of the soil indices (soil fertility, soil quality and soil alteration) confirmed the better improvement of soil functioning after its enrichment with the pulp than in the presence of Na-bentonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wasilkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Nowak
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Płaza
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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802
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Gil-Díaz M, Pinilla P, Alonso J, Lobo MC. Viability of a nanoremediation process in single or multi-metal(loid) contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:812-819. [PMID: 27720472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of single- and multi-metal(loid) immobilization of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn using different doses of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was evaluated and compared in two different soils, a calcareous and an acidic one. The effectiveness of nZVI to immobilize metal(loid)s in soil strongly depended on the metal characteristics, soil properties, dose of nZVI and presence of other metal(loid)s. In the case of single contamination, this nanoremediation strategy was effective for all of the metal(loid)s studied except for Cd. When comparing the two soils, anionic metal(loid)s (As and Cr) were more easily retained in acidic soil, whereas cationic metal(loid)s (Cd, Pb and Zn), were immobilized more in calcareous soil. In multi-metal(loid) contaminated soils, the presence of several metal(loid)s affected their immobilization, which was probably due to the competitive phenomenon between metal(loid) ions, which can reduce their sorption or produce synergistic effects. At 10% of nZVI, As, Cr and Pb availability decreased more than 82%, for Zn it ranged between 31 and 75% and for Cd between 13 and 42%. Thus, the application of nZVI can be a useful strategy to immobilize As, Cr, Pb and Zn in calcareous or acidic soils in both single- or multi-metal(loid) contamination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gil-Díaz
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Pinilla
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Lobo
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, 28800, Madrid, Spain
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803
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Cui H, Yang X, Xu L, Fan Y, Yi Q, Li R, Zhou J. Effects of goethite on the fractions of Cu, Cd, Pb, P and soil enzyme activity with hydroxyapatite in heavy metal-contaminated soil. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08786a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Goethite is of great importance as it affects the migration and transformation of heavy metals and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
| | - Xiong Yang
- School of Earth and Environment
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy Sciences
- Nanjing 210008
- China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- School of Earth and Environment
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- China
| | - Qitao Yi
- School of Earth and Environment
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- China
| | - Ruyan Li
- School of Earth and Environment
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy Sciences
- Nanjing 210008
- China
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804
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Lu Y, Luo D, Lai A, Liu G, Liu L, Long J, Zhang H, Chen Y. Leaching characteristics of EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of Cd and Pb by Zea mays L. in different particle-size fractions of soil aggregates exposed to artificial rain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1845-1853. [PMID: 27796994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chelator-assisted phytoextraction is an alternative and effective technique for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils, but the potential for heavy metal leaching needs to be assessed. In the present study, a soil column cultivation-leaching experiment was conducted to investigate the Cd and Pb leaching characteristics during assisted phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soils containing different particle-size soil aggregates. The columns were planted with Zea mays "Zhengdan 958" seedlings and treated with combined applications of EDTA and simulated rainfall (pH 4.5 or 6.5). The results were as follows: (1) The greatest uptake of Cd and Pb by Z. mays was observed after treatment with EDTA (2.5 mmol kg-1 soil) and soil aggregates of <1 mm; uptake decreased as the soil aggregate size increased. (2) Simulated rainfall, especially acid rain (pH 4.5), after EDTA applications led to the increasing metal concentrations in the leachate, and EDTA significantly increased the concentrations of both Cd and Pb in the leachate, especially with soil aggregates of <1 mm; metal leachate concentrations decreased as soil particle sizes increased. (3) Concentrations of Cd and Pb decreased with each continuing leachate collection, and data were fit to linear regression models with coefficients of determination (R 2) above 0.90 and 0.87 for Cd and Pb, respectively. The highest total amounts of Cd (22.12%) and Pb (19.29%) were observed in the leachate of soils treated with EDTA and artificial acid rain (pH 4.5) with soil aggregates of <1 mm. The application of EDTA during phytoextraction method increased the leaching risk in the following order: EDTA2.5-1 (pH 4.5) > EDTA2.5-1 (pH 6.5) > EDTA2.5-2 (pH 4.5) > EDTA2.5-4 (pH 4.5) > EDTA2.5-2 (pH 6.5) > EDTA2.5-4 (pH 6.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Dinggui Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - An Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jianyou Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, No. 230, West Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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805
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Wu MS, Xu X, Zhao Q, Wang ZY. Simultaneous removal of heavy metals and biodegradation of organic matter with sediment microbial fuel cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To in situ remediate rivers polluted by organic matter and heavy metals, lab-scale sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) were operated under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Wu
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 100819
- China
| | - X. Xu
- Tongji Zhejiang College
- China
| | - Q. Zhao
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 100819
- China
| | - Z. Y. Wang
- College of Resources and Civil Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 100819
- China
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806
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Zuo WQ, Chen C, Cui HJ, Fu ML. Enhanced removal of Cd(ii) from aqueous solution using CaCO3 nanoparticle modified sewage sludge biochar. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured CaCO3 modified sewage sludge biochar (CMSSB) was successfully fabricated for efficient removal of Cd(ii) from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Hao-Jie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
- China
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807
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Xu L, Cui H, Zheng X, Zhou J, Zhang W, Liang J, Zhou J. Changes in the heavy metal distributions in whole soil and aggregates affected by the application of alkaline materials and phytoremediation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of alkaline materials and plants on the distribution of copper and cadmium in whole soil and aggregates was explored by a 3 yearin situexperiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- China
| | - Xuebo Zheng
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jiani Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Nanjing
- China
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808
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Liang X, Qin X, Huang Q, Huang R, Yin X, Wang L, Sun Y, Xu Y. Mercapto functionalized sepiolite: a novel and efficient immobilization agent for cadmium polluted soil. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercapto functionalized sepiolite (MSEP) as a novel and efficient immobilization agent could reduce the accumulation of Cd in husked rice (Oryza sativaL.) by 65.4–77.9% at trace dosages of 0.1–0.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
| | - Xu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
| | - Xiuling Yin
- College of Environment and Resources
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Control of MOA
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Tianjin 300191
- China
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809
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810
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Floris B, Galloni P, Sabuzi F, Conte V. Metal systems as tools for soil remediation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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811
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ZAKSAS NP, VERYASKIN AF. Solid Sampling in Analysis of Soils by Two-jet Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:605-609. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P. ZAKSAS
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
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812
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Oustriere N, Marchand L, Bouchardon JL, Faure O, Moutte J, Mench M. Aided phytostabilization of a trace element-contaminated technosol developed on steel mill wastes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:458-468. [PMID: 27585278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aided phytostabilization of a barren, alkaline metal(loid)-contaminated technosol developed on steel mill wastes, with high soluble Cr and Mo concentrations, was assessed in a pot experiment using (1) Ni/Cd-tolerant populations of Festuca pratensis Huds., Holcus lanatus L., and Plantago lanceolata L. sowed in mixed stand and (2) six soil treatments: untreated soil (UNT), ramial chipped wood (RCW, 500m3ha-1), composted sewage sludge (CSS, 120t DW ha-1), UNT soil amended with compost (5% w/w) and either vermiculite (5%, VOM) or iron grit (1%, OMZ), and an uncontaminated soil (CTRL). In the CSS soil, pH and soluble Cr decreased whereas soluble Cu, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ni and P increased. The RCW treatment enhanced soluble Fe, Mn, and Mg concentrations. After 15 weeks, shoot DW yield and shoot Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, and Mg removals peaked for F. pratensis grown on the CSS soil, with lowest shoot Cr, Ni and Mo concentrations. Holcus lanatus only grew on the CTRL, UNT, and CSS soils and P. lanceolata on the CTRL soil. Best treatment, F. pratensis grown on the CSS soil, led to a dense grass cover but its shoot Mo concentration exceeded the maximum permitted concentration in forage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olivier Faure
- ENSM-SE Centre SPIN, 158 cours Fauriel, 42023 St Etienne, France; Université Jean Monnet, 23 rue Dr. Paul Michelon, 42100 St Etienne, France.
| | - Jacques Moutte
- ENSM-SE Centre SPIN, 158 cours Fauriel, 42023 St Etienne, France.
| | - Michel Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France.
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813
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Cundy AB, Bardos RP, Puschenreiter M, Mench M, Bert V, Friesl-Hanl W, Müller I, Li XN, Weyens N, Witters N, Vangronsveld J. Brownfields to green fields: Realising wider benefits from practical contaminant phytomanagement strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:67-77. [PMID: 27068275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gentle remediation options (GROs) are risk management strategies or technologies involving plant (phyto-), fungi (myco-), and/or bacteria-based methods that result in a net gain (or at least no gross reduction) in soil function as well as effective risk management. GRO strategies can be customised along contaminant linkages, and can generate a range of wider economic, environmental and societal benefits in contaminated land management (and in brownfields management more widely). The application of GROs as practical on-site remedial solutions is still limited however, particularly in Europe and at trace element (typically metal and metalloid) contaminated sites. This paper discusses challenges to the practical adoption of GROs in contaminated land management, and outlines the decision support tools and best practice guidance developed in the European Commission FP7-funded GREENLAND project aimed at overcoming these challenges. The GREENLAND guidance promotes a refocus from phytoremediation to wider GROs- or phyto-management based approaches which place realisation of wider benefits at the core of site design, and where gentle remediation technologies can be applied as part of integrated, mixed, site risk management solutions or as part of "holding strategies" for vacant sites. The combination of GROs with renewables, both in terms of biomass generation but also with green technologies such as wind and solar power, can provide a range of economic and other benefits and can potentially support the return of low-level contaminated sites to productive usage, while combining GROs with urban design and landscape architecture, and integrating GRO strategies with sustainable urban drainage systems and community gardens/parkland (particularly for health and leisure benefits), has large potential for triggering GRO application and in realising wider benefits in urban and suburban systems. Quantifying these wider benefits and value (above standard economic returns) will be important in leveraging funding for GRO application and soft site end-use more widely at vacant or underutilized sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
| | - R P Bardos
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; r3 Environmental Technology Ltd., Reading, UK
| | - M Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - M Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - V Bert
- INERIS, Clean and Sustainable Technologies and Processes Unit, DRC/RISK, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - W Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology - GmbH, Health & Environment Department, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - I Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - X N Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - N Weyens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - N Witters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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814
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Mahar A, Wang P, Ali A, Guo Z, Awasthi MK, Lahori AH, Wang Q, Shen F, Li R, Zhang Z. Impact of CaO, fly ash, sulfur and Na 2S on the (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of Cd, Cu and Pb in contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134P1:116-123. [PMID: 27611219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metals pollution is a serious problem worldwide due to its potential human health risks through food chain. Therefore, a sustainable solution is needed to efficiently remediate HMs contaminated soils. Our study aimed to assess the impact of CaO, fly ash, sulfur, and Na2S on the immobilization of Cd, Cu, and Pb and their uptake by Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa chinensis) in a contaminated soil. The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, and Pb was significantly decreased as compared to control in treated soil. However, the solubility of Cd, Cu, and Pb has increased at greater extent in soil system which favored the uptake of metals in roots and shoots of Chinese cabbage. In general, Cd uptake was significantly increased in shoots followed by roots as compared to control. In addition, Cu has also same trend of increased uptake in shoots as compared to roots. However, the uptake Pb in shoots was considerably increased in Na2S treated samples whereas roots have shown great potential for Pb uptake in CaO treated samples as compared to control. Although, sulfur treatments had efficiently immobilized metals but reduced soil pH to highly acidic level which restricted the growth of Chinese cabbage in sulfur treated samples. We assume that sulfur amendment could be applied for immobilization of metals in alkaline soils rather than acidic soils to achieve better immobilization results. In order to achieve sustainable phytoextraction of Cd, Cu, and Pb using CaO, FA, and Na2S, the non-edible hyperaccumulators species are suggested to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanullah Mahar
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhanyu Guo
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Altaf Hussain Lahori
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Feng Shen
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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815
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Li J, He A, Jiang J, Feng J, Sheng GD. Quantitative relationships between the adsorptivity of carbonaceous materials in soil for Pb(II) and soil organic matter content. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:369-378. [PMID: 27509075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strong adsorptivity of manufactured carbonaceous materials (MCMs) mediates the behavior of heavy metals in soil. Laboratory-reported adsorptivity of MCMs often deviates from their actual abilities in soil, because soil organic matter (SOM) can change the adsorptive abilities of MCMs by coating dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the surface of the MCMs. It was considered that the influence of SOM on the adsorptivity of MCMs in soil follows a sequential pathway of SOM releasing DOM in soil solution and subsequent DOM binding onto MCMs, thereby altering MCM surface acidity and hence changing MCM adsorptivity for heavy metals. In this study, we first extracted DOM from ten topsoils collected over a broad region of China with a wide range of SOM. The DOM solutions were then used to load DOM onto four MCMs including activated carbon (AC), multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and two biochars (BC400 and BC700), respectively, obtaining a total of 44 MCM-DOM complex samples with known amounts of bound DOM. These MCM-DOM complex samples were then determined for their surface acidities and adsorptive abilities for Pb(II). We found that there were significant correlations between DOM concentration and SOM content, between DOM binding onto MCMs and DOM concentration, between surface acidity of MCM-DOM complexes and DOM binding onto MCMs, as well as between Pb(II) adsorption on MCM-DOM complexes and surface acidity of MCM-DOM complexes. With understanding of these individual linear correlations, linear relationships between the Pb(II) adsorption and SOM content were established by combining individual correlations and by directly plotting the former against the latter. These relationships may be used to accurately predict the adsorptive abilities of MCMs for heavy metals in soils via simply determining SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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816
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He H, Tam NFY, Yao A, Qiu R, Li WC, Ye Z. Effects of alkaline and bioorganic amendments on cadmium, lead, zinc, and nutrient accumulation in brown rice and grain yield in acidic paddy fields contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23551-23560. [PMID: 27614643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Paddy soils and rice (Oryza sativa L.) contaminated by mixed heavy metals have given rise to great concern. Field experiments were conducted over two cultivation seasons to study the effects of steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), limestone (LS), bioorganic fertilizer (BF), and the combination of SS and BF (SSBF) on rice grain yield, Cd, Pb, and Zn and nutrient accumulation in brown rice, bioavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil as well as soil properties (pH and catalase), at two acidic paddy fields contaminated with mixed heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn). Compared to the controls, SS, LS, and SSBF at both low and high additions significantly elevated soil pH over both cultivation seasons. The high treatments of SS and SSBF markedly increased grain yields, the accumulation of P and Ca in brown rice and soil catalase activities in the first cultivation season. The most striking result was from SS application (4.0 t ha-1) that consistently and significantly reduced the soil bioavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn by 38.5-91.2 % and the concentrations of Cd and Pb in brown rice by 20.9-50.9 % in the two soils over both cultivation seasons. LS addition (4.0 t ha-1) also markedly reduced the bioavailable Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil and the Cd concentrations in brown rice. BF remobilized soil Cd and Pb leading to more accumulation of these metals in brown rice. The results showed that steel slag was most effective in the remediation of acidic paddy soils contaminated with mixed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidong He
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nora F Y Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Yao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wai Chin Li
- Centre for Education in Environmental Sustainability and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Ye
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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817
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Habibul N, Hu Y, Sheng GP. Microbial fuel cell driving electrokinetic remediation of toxic metal contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:9-14. [PMID: 27388419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the feasibility of in-situ electrokinetic remediation for toxic metal contaminated soil driven by microbial fuel cell (MFC) is presented. Results revealed that the weak electricity generated from MFC could power the electrokinetic remediation effectively. The metal removal efficiency and its influence on soil physiological properties were also investigated. With the electricity generated through the oxidation of organics in soils by microorganisms, the metals in the soils would mitigate from the anode to the cathode. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soils increased gradually through the anode to the cathode regions after remediation. After about 143days and 108 days' operation, the removal efficiencies of 31.0% and 44.1% for Cd and Pb at the anode region could be achieved, respectively. Soil properties such as pH and soil conductivity were also significantly redistributed from the anode to the cathode regions. The study shows that the MFC driving electrokinetic remediation technology is cost-effective and environmental friendly, with a promising application in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzahat Habibul
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 China.
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818
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Khan I, Iqbal M, Ashraf MY, Ashraf MA, Ali S. Organic chelants-mediated enhanced lead (Pb) uptake and accumulation is associated with higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:352-361. [PMID: 27318732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spinach was tested in the present studies for its phytoextraction potential. Furthermore, the study assessed whether organic chelants could reduce oxidative stress, and thus enhance growth of spinach plants under 2.42 and 4.83mM Pb regimes. Different organic chelates viz. ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, (EDTA), citric acid (CA), oxalic acid (OA), tartaric acid (TA) and malic acid (MA) were applied separately in addition to control (without chelating agents) under different Pb regimes. The low (2.42mM) Pb regime increased biological yield (kgha(-1)). All the chelates except OA increased biological yield under low Pb regime. In contrast, TA caused less decrease in biomass under high (4.83mM) Pb regime. The chelate-assisted rise in the antioxidant activities substantially contributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralization. Of the chelates, TA was the most effective in improving Pb uptake and its root to shoot translocation. Overall, the chelate-assisted buildup of Pb in the spinach did not exhibit inhibitory effects on the plant growth possibly due to their potential to decrease Pb-induced oxidative damage. The results elaborated the potential of TA in increasing root to shoot translocation of Pb, biomass, and thus suggested its use for phytoextraction of Pb using spinach in Pb contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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819
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Esperschuetz J, Anderson C, Bulman S, Lense O, Horswell J, Dickinson N, Hofmann R, Robinson BH. Production of Biomass Crops Using Biowastes on Low-Fertility Soil: 1. Influence of Biowastes on Plant and Soil Quality. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1960-1969. [PMID: 27898779 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.12.0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Land application of biosolids to low-fertility soil can improve soil quality by increasing concentrations of macronutrients and trace elements. Mixing biosolids with sawdust could reduce the risks of contaminant accumulation posed by rebuilding soils using biosolids alone. We aimed to determine the effects of biosolids and biosolids-sawdust on the plant quality and chemical composition of sorghum, rapeseed, and ryegrass. Plants were grown in a greenhouse over a 5-mo period in a low-fertility soil amended with biosolids (1250 kg N ha), biosolids-sawdust (0.5:1), or urea (200 kg N ha). Biosolids application increased the biomass of sorghum, rapeseed, and ryegrass up to 14.0, 11.9, and 4.1 t ha eq, respectively. Mixing sawdust with biosolids resulted in a growth response similar to biosolids treatments in rapeseed but nullified the effect of biosolids in sorghum. Urea fertilization provided insufficient nutrients to promote rapeseed growth and seed production, whereas seed yields after biosolids application were 2.5 t ha. Biosolids and biosolids-sawdust application enhanced plant quality by increasing element concentrations, especially Zn, and potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Ni) did not exceed food safety standards. An application of 50 t ha of biosolids, equivalent to 1250 kg N ha, did not exceed current soil limits of Cu, Zn, and Cd and hence was effective in rebuilding soil without accumulating contaminants. The effect of mixing sawdust with biosolids varies with plant species but can further enhance plant nutrient quality in biomass and seeds, especially P, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, S, and Na.
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820
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Esperschuetz J, Bulman S, Anderson C, Lense O, Horswell J, Dickinson N, Robinson BH. Production of Biomass Crops Using Biowastes on Low-Fertility Soil: 2. Effect of Biowastes on Nitrogen Transformation Processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:1970-1978. [PMID: 27898783 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.12.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing production of biowastes, particularly biosolids (sewage sludge), requires sustainable management strategies for their disposal. Biosolids can contain high concentrations of nutrients; hence, land application can have positive effects on plant growth and soil fertility, especially when applied to degraded soils. However, high rates of biosolids application may result in excessive nitrogen (N) leaching, which can be mitigated by blending biosolids with other biowastes, such as sawdust. We aimed to determine the effects of biosolids and sawdust on growth and N uptake by sorghum, rapeseed, and ryegrass as well as N losses via leaching. Plants were grown in a greenhouse over a 5-mo period in a low-fertility soil amended with biosolids (1250 kg N ha), biosolids-sawdust (0.5:1), or urea (200 kg N ha). Urea application increased biomass production of sorghum and ryegrass but proved insufficient for rapeseed on low-fertility soil. Biosolids application increased plant N concentrations in ryegrass and rapeseed and increased N uptake into the seeds of sorghum, increasing seed quality. Biosolids application did result in lower N leaching compared with urea, irrespective of plant species, and N leaching was unaffected by mixing the biosolids with sawdust. There was an indication of biological nitrification inhibition in the rhizosphere of sorghum. Rapeseed had similar growth and N uptake into biomass in biosolids and biosolids-sawdust treatments and hence was the most promising species with regard to recycling fresh sawdust in combination with high rates of biosolids on low-fertility soil.
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821
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Vareda JP, Valente AJM, Durães L. Heavy metals in Iberian soils: Removal by current adsorbents/amendments and prospective for aerogels. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 237:28-42. [PMID: 27586126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants that in spite of occurring naturally are released in major amounts to the environment due to anthropogenic activities. After being released in the environment, the heavy metals end up in the soils where they accumulate as they do not degrade, adversely affecting the biota. Because of the dynamic equilibria between soil constituents, the heavy metals may be present in different phases such as the solid phase (immobilized contaminants) or dissolved in soil solution. The latter form is the most dangerous because the ions are mobile, can leach and be absorbed by living organisms. Different methods for the decontamination of polluted soils have been proposed and they make use of two different approaches: mobilizing the heavy metals, which allows their removal from soil, or immobilization that maintains the metal concentrations in soils but keeps them in an inert form due to mechanisms like precipitation, complexation or adsorption. Mobilization of the heavy metals is known to cause leaching and increase plant uptake, so this treatment can cause greater problems. Aerogels are incredible nanostructured, lightweight materials with high surface area and tailorable surface chemistry. Their application in environmental cleaning has been increasing in recent years and very promising results have been obtained. The functionalization of the aerogels can give them the ability to interact with heavy metals, retaining the latter via strong adsorptive interactions. Thus, this review surveys the existing literature for remediation of soils using an immobilization approach, i.e. with soil amendments that increase the soil sorption/retention capacity for heavy metals. The considered framework was a set of heavy metals with relevance in polluted Iberian soils, namely Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Moreover, other adsorbents, especially aerogels, have been used for the removal of these contaminants from aqueous media; because groundwater and soil solution have dynamic equilibria with the soil solid phase, these works allowed to draw conclusions and perspectives for the use of aerogels not only as adsorbents in aqueous media but also as amendments for the remediation of heavy metal polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Vareda
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luisa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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822
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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823
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Gusiatin ZM, Kurkowski R, Brym S, Wiśniewski D. Properties of biochars from conventional and alternative feedstocks and their suitability for metal immobilization in industrial soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21249-21261. [PMID: 27495921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In contaminated soils, excessive concentrations of metals and their high mobility pose a serious environmental risk. A suitable soil amendment can minimize the negative effect of metals in soil. This study investigated the effect of different biochars on metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) immobilization in industrial soil. Biochars produced at 300 and 600 °C from conventional (MS, maize silage; WP, wooden pellets) and alternative (SC, sewage sludge compost; DR, digestate residue) feedstocks were used as soil amendments at a dosage of 10 % (w/w). The type of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature affected the properties of the biochars and their ability to immobilize metal in soil. Compared to production at 300 °C, all biochars produced at 600 °C had higher pH (6.2-10.7), content of ash (7.2-69.0 %) and fixed carbon (21.1-56.7 %), but lower content of volatile matter (9.7-37.2 %). All biochars except DR biochar had lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content (1.4-2.3 g C/L) when made at 600 °C. Only MS and SC biochars had higher cation exchange capacity (25.2 and 44.7 cmol/kg, respectively) after charring at 600 °C. All biochars contained low concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn; Cd was volatilized to the greatest extent during pyrolysis. Based on FTIR analysis and molar ratios of H/C and O/C, biochars had a greater degree of carbonization and aromaticity after charring at 600 °C. The efficiency of the biochars in metal immobilization depended mainly on their pH, ash content, and concentration of DOC. SC and DR biochars were more effective for Cu and Zn immobilization than MS and WP biochars, which makes them attractive options for large-scale soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Mariusz Gusiatin
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Radosław Kurkowski
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Szczepan Brym
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Relativistic Physics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 54, 10-710, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiśniewski
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Electric and Power Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego St. 11, 10-736, Olsztyn, Poland
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824
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Gao R, Zhu P, Guo G, Hu H, Zhu J, Fu Q. Efficiency of several leaching reagents on removal of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn from highly contaminated paddy soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23271-23280. [PMID: 27638790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of five different single leaching reagents (tartaric acid (TA), citric acid (CA), CaCl2, FeCl3, EDTA) and two different composite leaching reagents (CA + FeCl3, CA + EDTA) on removing Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd from contaminated paddy soil in Hunan Province (in China) was studied. The results indicated that the efficiencies of CA, FeCl3, and EDTA on extracting Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn from soil were greater than that of TA and CaCl2, and their extraction efficiencies were EDTA ≥ FeCl3 > CA. The efficiencies of CA + FeCl3 on extracting Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn were higher than that of single CA or FeCl3. The 25 mmol L-1 CA + 20 mmol L-1 FeCl3 was a promising composite leaching reagent for paddy soil, and it could remove Cu (57.6 %), Pb (59.3 %), Cd (84.8 %), and Zn (28.0 %), respectively. With the same amount of leaching reagent, the efficiency of continuous leaching by several times was higher than that by once. In addition, the easily reducible and oxidizable fractions of heavy metals showed significant decrease during the process of leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Gao
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangguang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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825
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Yan Y, Qi F, Seshadri B, Xu Y, Hou J, Ok YS, Dong X, Li Q, Sun X, Wang L, Bolan N. Utilization of phosphorus loaded alkaline residue to immobilize lead in a shooting range soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:315-23. [PMID: 27513552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline residue generated from the production of soda ash using the ammonia-soda method has been successfully used in removing phosphorus (P) from aqueous solution. But the accumulation of P-containing solid after P removal is an undesirable menace to the environment. To achieve the goal of recycling, this study explored the feasibility of reusing the P loaded alkaline residue as an amendment for immobilization of lead (Pb) in a shooting range soil. The main crystalline phase and micromorphology of amendments were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) methods. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), sequential extraction procedure, and physiologically based extraction test (PBET) were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Pb immobilization in soil after 45 d incubation. Treatment with P loaded alkaline residue was significantly effective in reducing the TCLP and PBET extractable Pb concentrations in contrast to the untreated soil. Moreover, a positive change in the distribution of Pb fractions was observed in the treated soil, i.e., more than 60% of soil-Pb was transformed to the residual fraction compared to the original soil. On the other hand, P loaded amendments also resulted in a drastic reduction in phytoavailable Pb to the winter wheat and a mild release of P as a nutrient in treated soil, which also confirmed the improvement of soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Balaji Seshadri
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yilu Xu
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jiexi Hou
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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826
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Ye X, Ling T, Xue Y, Xu C, Zhou W, Hu L, Chen J, Shi Z. Thymol Mitigates Cadmium Stress by Regulating Glutathione Levels and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Tobacco Seedlings. Molecules 2016; 21:E1339. [PMID: 27754435 PMCID: PMC6273743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol is a famous plant-derived compound that has been widely used in pharmacy due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the modulation of intrinsic plant physiology by thymol remains unclear. It is a significant challenge to confer plant tolerance to Cd (cadmium) stress. In the present study physiological, histochemical, and biochemical methods were applied to investigate thymol-induced Cd tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. Thymol was able to alleviate Cd-induced growth inhibition of tobacco seedlings in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Both histochemical detection and in-tube assays suggested that thymol treatment blocked Cd-induced over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and loss of membrane integrity in both leaves and roots. Thymol decreased Cd-induced cell death that was indicated in vivo by propidium iodide (PI) and trypan blue, respectively. Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. In situ fluorescent detection of intracellular Cd2+ revealed that thymol significantly decreased free Cd2+ in roots, which could be explained by the thymol-stimulated GSH biosynthesis and upregulation of the expression of phyochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1). Taken together, these results suggested that thymol has great potential to trigger plant resistant responses to combat heavy metal toxicity, which may help our understanding of the mechanism for thymol-modulated cell metabolic pathways in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefeng Ye
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Tianxiao Ling
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Nanjing Yangzi Modern Agriculture Investment and Development Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China.
| | - Cunfa Xu
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Liangbin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China.
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827
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Shen Z, McMillan O, Jin F, Al-Tabbaa A. Salisbury biochar did not affect the mobility or speciation of lead in kaolin in a short-term laboratory study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:214-220. [PMID: 27236430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Salisbury biochar (produced from British broadleaf hardwood) with two different particle sizes (≤2mm and ≤0.15mm) was applied on a kaolin with three different lead (Pb(2+)) contamination levels (50mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 1000mg/kg) at the dosage of 1% in w/w. The short-term impact of biochar on the mobility and speciation of Pb(2+) in the kaolin was investigated using attenuation periods of 1, 7 and 28 days. The leachability and extractability of Pb(2+) in carbonic acid leaching and EDTA extraction tests as well as the speciation of Pb(2+) in soils were not significantly affected by biochar treatment during all periods. The insignificant effects of biochar on Pb(2+) immobilisation were most likely attributed to the high adsorption capacity of Pb(2+) on the kaolin and biochar failed to competitively adsorb Pb(2+) against kaolin. The kaolin immobilised Pb(2+) primarily through cation exchange, which represents the readily bioavailable fractions of Pb(2+) in soils and may still pose environmental risks. This paper suggests the inefficiency of biochar treament on heavy-metal contaminated clay-rich soils. Therefore a laboratory treatablity study with respect to the soil type may be crucial when large-scale biochar applications in heavy-metal associated soil remediation are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Shen
- Geotechnical and Environmental Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Oliver McMillan
- Geotechnical and Environmental Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Jin
- Geotechnical and Environmental Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Abir Al-Tabbaa
- Geotechnical and Environmental Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
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828
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Xu P, Sun CX, Ye XZ, Xiao WD, Zhang Q, Wang Q. The effect of biochar and crop straws on heavy metal bioavailability and plant accumulation in a Cd and Pb polluted soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:94-100. [PMID: 27285283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar derived from various materials has been investigated with regard to its ability to decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils, and thus reduce their potential to enter the food chain. However, little attention has been given to the adsorption capacity of untreated crop straws, which are commonly used as a biochar feedstock, especially in soils. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of crop straws on heavy metal immobilization and subsequent heavy metal uptake by maize and ryegrass in a soil artificially polluted by Cd and Pb. Bamboo biochar, rice straw, and wheat straw were mixed into soil four weeks before the experiment, enabling them to reach equilibrium at 2% (w/w), 1% (w/w), and 1% (w/w), respectively. The results showed that soil pH for both species was significantly increased by all treatments, except when wheat straw was used for ryegrass cultivation. Soil organic carbon was only improved in the rice straw treatment and the soil alkali-hydrolyzable N content was significantly decreased with all of the amendments, which may have contributed to the lack of an effect on plant biomass. Soil available Cd was significantly lower in the rice straw treatment than in the control soil, while Pb levels clearly decreased in wheat straw treatment. The Cd concentration in shoots of maize was reduced by 50.9%, 69.5%, and 66.9% with biochar, rice straw, and wheat straw, respectively. In addition, shoot Cd accumulation was decreased by 47.3%, 67.1%, and 66.4%, respectively. Shoot Pb concentration and accumulation were only reduced with the rice straw treatment for both species. However, metal uptake in plant roots was more complex, with increased metal concentrations also detected. Overall, the direct application of crop straw could be considered a feasible way to immobilize selected metals in soil, once the long-term effects are confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Cai-Xia Sun
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xue-Zhu Ye
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wen-Dan Xiao
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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829
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Han L, Gao B, Zhou Y, Xu D, Gao L, Yu H, Wang S. Comprehensive assessment of seldom monitored trace elements pollution in the riparian soils of the Miyun Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20772-20782. [PMID: 27475436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has aroused widespread concerns about the potential ecological risks posed by the project, especially for the Miyun Reservoir (MYR). The potential release risk of metals from the flooded riparian soils into MYR after water impoundment is one of key scientific problems. In this study, riparian soil samples were collected considering three vertical heights (130, 140, and 145 m) and four types of land uses in the MYR areas, namely, forestland, grassland, wasteland, and recreational land. We analyzed soils texture, the content and chemical fractionations of seldom monitored trace elements (SMTEs): Li, Be, B, V, Co, Ni, Ga, Sn, Sb, Tl, and Bi). Results showed that the four types of soils in MYR had the similar textures, while recreational land showed significantly higher contents of Ni and V. Additionally, there were no significant differences found for most SMTEs (except for V) at different vertical heights in each soil type, while the concentrations of V at 140 and 145 m in forestland and recreational land were significantly higher than those at 130 m. However, a comprehensive evaluation of potential ecological risk (contamination factor (CF), modified degree of contamination (mCd), and geoaccumulation factor (I geo)) consistently indicated the insignificant contaminations of all SMTEs in MYR soils before water impoundment. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction results showed that the chemical fractionations of SMTEs were independent of land use patterns and vertical heights. Co in reducible fractions and Ni were identified as the candidates which had potential to release into MYR when the lands were submerged. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) results suggested that a portion of V, Co, and Ni may originate from anthropogenic activities, and the coal combustion was possibly the main anthropogenic source. The findings of this work would provide valuable information on the environment management of MYR and offer a reference for the investigation on the effect of water impoundment on potential release risk of SMTEs in MYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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830
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Oustriere N, Marchand L, Galland W, Gabbon L, Lottier N, Motelica M, Mench M. Influence of biochars, compost and iron grit, alone and in combination, on copper solubility and phytotoxicity in a Cu-contaminated soil from a wood preservation site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:816-825. [PMID: 27259036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two biochars, a green waste compost and iron grit were used, alone and in combination, as amendment to improve soil properties and in situ stabilize Cu in a contaminated soil (964mgCukg(-1)) from a wood preservation site. The pot experiment consisted in 9 soil treatments (% w/w): untreated Cu-contaminated soil (Unt); Unt soil amended respectively with compost (5%, C), iron grit (1%, Z), pine bark-derived biochar (1%, PB), poultry-manure-derived biochar (1%, AB), PB or AB+C (5%, PBC and ABC), and PB or AB+Z (1%, PBZ and ABZ). After a 3-month reaction period, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled in potted soils and dwarf beans were grown for a 2-week period. In the SPW, all amendments decreased the Cu(2+) concentration, but total Cu concentration increased in all AB-amended soils due to high dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration. No treatment improved root and shoot DW yields, which even decreased in the ABC and ABZ treatments. The PBZ treatment decreased total Cu concentration in the SPW while reducing the gap with common values for root and shoot yields of dwarf bean plants. A field trial is underway before any recommendation for the PB-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Oustriere
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Lilian Marchand
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - William Galland
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Lunel Gabbon
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Nathalie Lottier
- ISTO UMR 7327-CNRS, University of Orléans, campus géosciences, 1A, rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Mikael Motelica
- ISTO UMR 7327-CNRS, University of Orléans, campus géosciences, 1A, rue de la ferollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Michel Mench
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Diversity and Functioning of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610 Cestas, France.
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831
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Mohamed BA, Ellis N, Kim CS, Bi X, Emam AER. Engineered biochar from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of switchgrass for increasing water-holding capacity and fertility of sandy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:387-397. [PMID: 27232966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineered biochars produced from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of switchgrass have been evaluated in terms of their ability on improving water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility of loamy sand soil. The addition of K3PO4, clinoptilolite and/or bentonite as catalysts during the pyrolysis process increased biochar surface area and plant nutrient contents. Adding biochar produced with 10wt.% K3PO4+10 wt.% clinoptilolite as catalysts to the soil at 2wt% load increased soil WHC by 98% and 57% compared to the treatments without biochar (control) and with 10wt.% clinoptilolite, respectively. Synergistic effects on increased soil WHC were manifested for biochars produced from combinations of two additives compared to single additive, which may be the result of increased biochar microporosity due to increased microwave heating rate. Biochar produced from microwave catalytic pyrolysis was more efficient in increasing the soil WHC due to its high porosity in comparison with the biochar produced from conventional pyrolysis at the same conditions. The increases in soil CEC varied widely compared to the control soil, ranging from 17 to 220% for the treatments with biochars produced with 10wt% clinoptilolite at 400°C, and 30wt% K3PO4 at 300°C, respectively. Strong positive correlations also exist among soil WHC with CEC and biochar micropore area. Biochar from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis appears to be a novel approach for producing biochar with high sorption affinity and high CEC. These catalysts remaining in the biochar product would provide essential nutrients for the growth of bioenergy and food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr A Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Agricultural Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naoko Ellis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14 gil 5 Hwarang-no Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Xiaotao Bi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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832
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Beiyuan J, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Zhang W, Yang X, Baek K, Li XD. Integrating EDDS-enhanced washing with low-cost stabilization of metal-contaminated soil from an e-waste recycling site. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:426-432. [PMID: 27337434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While chelant-enhanced soil washing has been widely studied for metal extraction from contaminated soils, there are concerns about destabilization and leaching of residual metals after remediation. This study integrated 2-h soil washing enhanced by biodegradable ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and 2-month stabilization using agricultural waste product (soybean stover biochar pyrolyzed at 300 and 700 °C), industrial by-product (coal fly ash (CFA)), and their mixture. After integration with 2-month stabilization, the leachability and mobility of residual metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in the field-contaminated soil were significantly reduced, especially for Cu, in comparison with 2-h EDDS washing alone. This suggested that the metals destabilized by EDDS-washing could be immobilized by subsequent stabilization with biochar and CFA. Moreover, when the remediation performance was evaluated for phytoavailability and bioaccessibility, prior EDDS washing helped to achieve a greater reduction in the bioavailable fraction of metals than sole stabilization treatment. This was probably because the weakly-bound metals were first removed by EDDS washing before stabilization. Both individual and combined applications of biochar and CFA showed comparable effectiveness regardless of the difference in material properties, possibly due to the high level of amendments (150 ton ha(-1)). Based on the mobility and bioaccessibility results, the estimated human health risk (primarily resulting from Pb) could be mitigated to an acceptable level in water consumption pathway or reduced by half in soil ingestion pathway. These results suggest that an integration of EDDS washing with soil stabilization can alleviate post-remediation impacts of residual metals in the treated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzi Beiyuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weihua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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833
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Gallego JR, Rodríguez-Valdés E, Esquinas N, Fernández-Braña A, Afif E. Insights into a 20-ha multi-contaminated brownfield megasite: An environmental forensics approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:683-692. [PMID: 26475240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we addressed the contamination of soils in an abandoned brownfield located in an industrial area. Detailed soil and waste characterisation guided by historical information about the site revealed pyrite ashes (a residue derived from the roasting of pyrite ores) as the main environmental risk. In fact, the disposal of pyrite ashes and the mixing of these ashes with soils have affected a large area of the site, thereby causing heavy metal(loid) pollution (As and Pb levels reaching several thousands of ppm). A full characterisation of the pyrite ashes was thus performed. In this regard, we determined the bioavailable metal species present and their implications, grain-size distribution, mineralogy, and Pb isotopic signature in order to obtain an accurate conceptual model of the site. We also detected significant concentrations of pyrogenic benzo(a)pyrene and other PAHs, and studied the relation of these compounds with the pyrite ashes. In addition, we examined other waste and spills of minor importance within the study site. The information gathered offered an insight into pollution sources, unravelled evidence from the industrial processes that took place decades ago, and identified the co-occurrence of contaminants by means of multivariate statistics. The environmental forensics study carried out provided greater information than conventional analyses for risk assessment purposes and for the selection of clean-up strategies adapted to future land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gallego
- Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain.
| | - E Rodríguez-Valdés
- Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - N Esquinas
- Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Braña
- Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - E Afif
- Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
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834
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Zhan J, Li T, Yu H, Zhang X, Zhao L. The influence of humic substance on Cd accumulation of phytostabilizer Athyrium wardii (Hook.) grown in Cd-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18524-32. [PMID: 27291977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The application of organic amendments into heavy metal contaminated soil is considered as an environmentally friendly technique to promote the potential of phytoremediation. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of humic substances on growth, cadmium (Cd) accumulation and phytostabilization potential of the mining ecotype (ME) and the corresponding non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) grown in Cd-contaminated soils. The addition of the humic substances demonstrated great promotion for the growth and Cd uptake of ME. Both plant biomass and Cd concentration significantly increased with the increasing application of the humic substances up to 100 g kg(-1), beyond which no significant change of underground part biomass and Cd concentrations in underground part of A. wardii was observed. The maximum Cd concentration in underground part of ME was 180 mg kg(-1) when 150 g kg(-1) humic substances were applied. The ME showed greater Cd accumulation capability in underground part (0.47-0.68 mg plant(-1)) than that of NME (0.27-0.45 mg plant(-1)). Increasing bioaccumulation coefficient (BCF) values of A. wardii was observed with increasing application of the humic substances. The BCF values of ME were higher than those of NME. However, the use of the humic substances exhibited little impact on translocation factors (TFs) of ME, and the TF values of ME were less than NME. Furthermore, the application of the humic substances improved the remediation factors (RFs) of A. wardii. The RF values in underground part of ME ranging from 0.73 to 0.91 % were apparently higher than those of NME. These results indicated that the humic substances can be a potential candidate for enhancing the phytostabilization of A. wardii grown in Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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835
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Wu B, Cheng G, Jiao K, Shi W, Wang C, Xu H. Mycoextraction by Clitocybe maxima combined with metal immobilization by biochar and activated carbon in an aged soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:732-739. [PMID: 27110984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop an eco-friendly and efficient route to remediate soil highly polluted with heavy metals, the idea of mycoextraction combined with metal immobilization by carbonaceous sorbents (biochar and activated carbon) was investigated in this study. Results showed that the application of carbonaceous amendments decreased acid soluble Cd and Cu by 5.13-14.06% and 26.86-49.58%, respectively, whereas the reducible and oxidizable fractions increased significantly as the amount of carbonaceous amendments added increased. The biological activities (microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities) for treatments with carbonaceous sorbents were higher than those of samples without carbonaceous amendments. Clitocybe maxima (C. maxima) simultaneously increased soil enzyme activities and the total number of microbes. Biochar and activated carbon both showed a positive effect on C. maxima growth and metal accumulation. The mycoextraction efficiency of Cd and Cu in treatments with carbonaceous amendments enhanced by 25.64-153.85% and 15.18-107.22%, respectively, in response to that in non-treated soil, which showed positive correlation to the augment of biochar and activated carbon in soil. Therefore, this work suggested the effectiveness of mycoextraction by C. maxima combined the application of biochar and activated carbon in immobilising heavy metal in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guanglei Cheng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenjin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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836
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Guo SH, Liu ZL, Li QS, Yang P, Wang LL, He BY, Xu ZM, Ye JS, Zeng EY. Leaching heavy metals from the surface soil of reclaimed tidal flat by alternating seawater inundation and air drying. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:262-70. [PMID: 27236846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leaching experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to simulate seawater leaching combined with alternating seawater inundation and air drying. We investigated the heavy metal release of soils caused by changes associated with seawater inundation/air drying cycles in the reclaimed soils. After the treatment, the contents of all heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu), except Zn, in surface soil significantly decreased (P < 0.05), with removal rates ranging from 10% to 51%. The amounts of the exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, and oxidizable fractions also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, prolonged seawater inundation enhanced the release of heavy metals. Measurement of diffusive gradients in thin films indicated that seawater inundation significantly increased the re-mobility of heavy metals. During seawater inundation, iron oxide reduction induced the release of heavy metals in the reducible fraction. Decomposition of organic matter, and complexation with dissolved organic carbon decreased the amount of heavy metals in the oxidizable fraction. Furthermore, complexation of chloride ions and competition of cations during seawater inundation and/or leaching decreased the levels of heavy metals in the exchangeable fraction. By contrast, air drying significantly enhanced the concentration of heavy metals in the exchangeable fraction. Therefore, the removal of heavy metals in the exchangeable fraction can be enhanced during subsequent leaching with seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qu-Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bao-Yan He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Min Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jin-Shao Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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837
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Harvey PJ, Taylor MP, Kristensen LJ, Grant-Vest S, Rouillon M, Wu L, Handley HK. Evaluation and assessment of the efficacy of an abatement strategy in a former lead smelter community, Boolaroo, Australia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:941-954. [PMID: 26530186 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the recent soil Lead Abatement Strategy (LAS) in Boolaroo, New South Wales, Australia, that was designed to "achieve a reduction in human exposure to lead dust contamination in surface soils". The abatement programme addressed legacy contamination of residential areas following closure of lead smelting operations in 2003 at the Pasminco Cockle Creek Smelter (PCCS). The principal objective of the LAS was to "cap and cover" lead-contaminated soils within the urban environment surrounding the PCCS. Soil lead concentrations of 2500-5000 mg/kg were scheduled for removal and replacement, while concentrations between 1500 and 2500 mg/kg were replaced only under limited circumstances. To date, there has been no industry, government or independent assessment of the clean-up programme that involved >2000 homes in the township of Boolaroo. Thus, by measuring post-abatement soil lead concentrations in Boolaroo, this study addresses this knowledge gap and evaluates the effectiveness of the LAS for reducing the potential for lead exposure. Soil lead concentrations above the Australian residential soil health investigation level value for residential soils (300 mg/kg) were identified at all but one of the residential properties examined (n = 19). Vacuum dust samples (n = 17) from the same homes had a mean lead concentration of 495 mg/kg (median 380 mg/kg). Bio-accessibility testing revealed that lead in household vacuum dust was readily accessible (% bio-accessible) (mean = 92 %, median = 90 %), demonstrating that the risk of exposure via this pathway remains. Assessment of a limited number of properties (n = 8) where pre-abatement soil lead levels were available for comparison showed they were not statistically different to post-abatement. Although the LAS did not include treatment of non-residential properties, sampling of community areas including public sports fields, playgrounds and schools (n = 32) was undertaken to determine the contamination legacy in these areas. Elevated mean soil lead concentrations were found across public lands: sports fields = 5130 mg/kg (median = 1275 mg/kg), playgrounds and schools = 812 mg/kg (median = 920 mg/kg) and open space = 778 mg/kg (median = 620 mg/kg). Overall, the study results show that the LAS programme that was dominated by a "cap and cover" approach to address widespread lead contamination was inadequate for mitigating current and future risk of lead exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Harvey
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia.
| | - M P Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia
| | - L J Kristensen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia
| | - S Grant-Vest
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia
| | - M Rouillon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia
| | - L Wu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia
| | - H K Handley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2159, Australia
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838
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Shan H, Su S, Liu R, Li S. Cadmium availability and uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus) grown in soils applied with wheat straw or composted pig manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15208-15217. [PMID: 27098882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) availability and uptake by cherry-red radish (Raphanus sativus) grown in Cd-contaminated soils after addition with wheat straw or composted pig manure were studied. The results indicated that wheat straw application promoted radish growth until the second harvest, while pig manure application improved radish biomass in Acid Ferralsols regardless of harvesting seasons. Application with pig manure might be more effective in lowering the Cd uptake by radish than wheat straw. Especially when pig manure of 11.9 g TOC kg(-1) amended into Acid Ferralsols, Cd contents in leaves and roots of radish decreased by 89.2 and 95.7 % at the second harvest, respectively. The changes in Cd fractions distribution in soils after application were contributed to the decline of Cd availability. Furthermore, significantly negative linear correlation (P < 0.05) between the ratio of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) in soils and exchangeable Cd was also observed. However, the significantly negative relationship (P < 0.01) between soil pH and exchangeable Cd was merely found in pig manure-treated Acid Ferralsols. The increases in HA/FA ratio or pH values in soils after adding organic materials were also responsible for the decrease of Cd availability in soils and uptake by radish. Thus, it is recommended to stabilize soil Cd and reducing plant uptake by application with composted manure without or slightly contaminated with metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Su
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutian Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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839
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Bahemmat M, Farahbakhsh M, Kianirad M. Humic substances-enhanced electroremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:307-318. [PMID: 27058638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of catholyte conditioning and the use of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) as chelating agents to improve electrokinetic (EK) remediation efficiency were investigated using a real and highly contaminated soil. By applying a constant voltage (2.0V/cm) to the soil, pH and current changes and heavy metals (HMs) concentration were investigated through a range of durations and positions. The observations demonstrated that both catholyte conditioning with 0.1N HNO3 and using humic substances (HSs) enhance remediation efficiency. After 20 days of EK treatment, the removal efficiency of HMs in HS-enhanced EK remediation was about 2.0-3.0 times greater than when unenhanced. The quantity of HMs moving toward the cathode exceeded the anode, from which it could be reasonably inferred that most negatively charged HM-HS complexes were moved by electroosmotic forces. Further, free HM cations and positively charged complexed HMs migrated to the catholyte compartment by electromigration. The results obtained in this study, demonstrate the suitability of HS-enhanced EK remediation in HMs contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Bahemmat
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Farahbakhsh
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Kianirad
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
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840
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Chen L, He LY, Wang Q, Sheng XF. Synergistic effects of plant growth-promoting Neorhizobium huautlense T1-17 and immobilizers on the growth and heavy metal accumulation of edible tissues of hot pepper. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:123-131. [PMID: 27017398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A plant growth-promoting Neorhizobium huautlense T1-17 was evaluated for its immobilization of Cd and Pb in solution. Meanwhile, the impacts of T1-17, immobilizers (vermiculite and peat) and their combination on the fruit biomass and heavy metal accumulation of hot pepper were characterized. T1-17 could significantly reduced water-soluble Cd and Pb in solution. T1-17, vermiculite+T1-17, peat, and peat+T1-17 significantly increased the fruit biomass (ranging from 45% to 269%) and decreased the fruit Cd (ranging from 66% to 87%) and Pb (ranging from 30% to 56%) contents and water-soluble Cd and Pb (ranging from 23% to 59%) contents of the rhizosphere soils compared to the controls. T1-17+vermiculite or peat had higher ability to increase the fruit biomass than T1-17 or vermiculite or peat. Furthermore, T1-17+peat had higher ability to reduce the water-soluble Cd and Pb contents of the rhizosphere soil and the fruit Pb uptake of hot pepper. The results showed that T1-17 and the immobilizers alleviated the heavy metal toxicity and decreased the fruit heavy metal uptake of hot pepper. The results also showed the synergistic effects of T1-17 and the immobilizers on the growth and Cd and Pb accumulation of hot pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lin-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xia-Fang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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841
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Liang X, Xu Y, Xu Y, Wang P, Wang L, Sun Y, Huang Q, Huang R. Two-year stability of immobilization effect of sepiolite on Cd contaminants in paddy soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12922-12931. [PMID: 26993515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability of immobilization effect of immobilization agents was critical to the remediation practices. Two years consecutive in situ field-scale demonstration was conducted in Hunan province, with the purpose to certify the long-term stability of immobilization effect of sepiolite on Cd contaminants in paddy soil in the aspect of soil extraction and plant uptake. Natural sepiolite was selected as immobilization, and rice was the model plant. The immobilization effect of sepiolite on Cd contaminants in paddy soil was significant in the first year and remained at the second year. The Cd content of brown rice, 0.025 M HCl extractable Cd content and exchangeable Cd content of paddy soil decreased remarkably. The application of sepiolite led to an obvious increase in pH value of paddy soil and carbonate bounded fraction of Cd in soil. The immobilization effect was maintained even at the second year without any additional amendments. The results indicated the interaction of sepiolite and cadmium was a long-term process. The additional sepiolite at the second year had no significant lift effect on immobilization so that it was unnecessary to add sepiolite every year based on the immobilization effect and operation cost. The dynamics of available Cu, Zn, and Mn contents in paddy soil in two consecutive years indicated sepiolite had negligible effects on the bioavailability of trace metals. The result of the current research confirmed the stability of immobilization effect of sepiolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Quality of MOA, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, People's Republic of China
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842
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Ibrahim RK, Hayyan M, AlSaadi MA, Hayyan A, Ibrahim S. Environmental application of nanotechnology: air, soil, and water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13754-88. [PMID: 27074929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Global deterioration of water, soil, and atmosphere by the release of toxic chemicals from the ongoing anthropogenic activities is becoming a serious problem throughout the world. This poses numerous issues relevant to ecosystem and human health that intensify the application challenges of conventional treatment technologies. Therefore, this review sheds the light on the recent progresses in nanotechnology and its vital role to encompass the imperative demand to monitor and treat the emerging hazardous wastes with lower cost, less energy, as well as higher efficiency. Essentially, the key aspects of this account are to briefly outline the advantages of nanotechnology over conventional treatment technologies and to relevantly highlight the treatment applications of some nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanoparticles, antibacterial nanoparticles, and metal oxide nanoparticles) in the following environments: (1) air (treatment of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, and bioaerosols via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, thermal decomposition, and air filtration processes), (2) soil (application of nanomaterials as amendment agents for phytoremediation processes and utilization of stabilizers to enhance their performance), and (3) water (removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals, pathogens through adsorption, membrane processes, photocatalysis, and disinfection processes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusul Khaleel Ibrahim
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maan Hayyan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Abdulhakim AlSaadi
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeeb Hayyan
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaliza Ibrahim
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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843
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Gheju M, Balcu I, Mosoarca G. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on MnO2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 310:270-277. [PMID: 26947189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of Cr(VI) on MnO2 was investigated with respect to effect of pH, temperature, ionic strength, initial Cr(VI) concentration, co-presence of different anions (HCO3(-), SO4(2-), H2PO4(-), NO3(-) and Cl(-)) and of low molecular weight natural organic materials (LMWNOM) (acetate, oxalate and citrate). The process was rapid during the first 3-5min, reaching equilibrium after one hour. Adsorption decreased with increasing pH, temperature and Cr(VI) initial concentration, and increased with increasing ionic strength. Co-presence of phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate, citrate and oxalate hindered Cr(VI) adsorption, whereas nitrate, chloride and acetate did not exert any notable influence. The overall order of Cr(VI) adsorption suppression due to co-presence of anions and LMWNOM was H2PO4(-)>HCO3(-)>SO4(2-), and oxalate>citrate, respectively. Highest experimental equilibrium sorption capacity (0.83mgg(-1)) was obtained at 20°C and pH 5.9, while lowest (0.18mgg(-1)) was noticed in the co-presence of H2PO4(-), at 20°C and pH 6.9. Adsorption kinetics was successfully fitted by pseudo-second-order model. Mechanisms for both specific and non-specific adsorption are likely to be involved, while rate-controlling step involved both intra-particle and film diffusion processes. Cr(VI) was strongly bound to MnO2, which makes risks of its subsequent liberation into the environment to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gheju
- Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Bd. V. Parvan Nr. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Ionel Balcu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Str. Dr. Aurel Paunescu Podeanu Nr. 144, 300587 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giannin Mosoarca
- Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Bd. V. Parvan Nr. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
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844
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Jones S, Bardos RP, Kidd PS, Mench M, de Leij F, Hutchings T, Cundy A, Joyce C, Soja G, Friesl-Hanl W, Herzig R, Menger P. Biochar and compost amendments enhance copper immobilisation and support plant growth in contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 171:101-112. [PMID: 26850677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soil with trace elements, such as Cu, is an important risk management issue. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three biochars and compost on plant growth and the immobilisation of Cu in a contaminated soil from a site formerly used for wood preservation. To assess Cu mobility, amended soils were analysed using leaching tests pre- and post-incubation, and post-growth. Amended and unamended soils were planted with sunflower, and the resulting plant material was assessed for yield and Cu concentration. All amendments significantly reduced leachable Cu compared to the unamended soil, however, the greatest reductions in leachable Cu were associated with the higher biochar application rate. The greatest improvements in plant yields were obtained with the higher application rate of biochar in combination with compost. The results suggest joint biochar and compost amendment reduces Cu mobility and can support biomass production on Cu-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jones
- r3 Environmental Technology UK Ltd, H9 TOB1, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus, Reading, UK.
| | - R Paul Bardos
- r3 Environmental Technology UK Ltd, H9 TOB1, University of Reading Whiteknights Campus, Reading, UK.
| | - Petra S Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
| | - Michel Mench
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecologie des Communautés, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, F-33615, Pessac cedex, France; INRA, UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, 69 Route d'Arcachon, 33610, Cestas, France.
| | - Frans de Leij
- C-Cure Solutions Ltd, Forest Research, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey, UK.
| | - Tony Hutchings
- C-Cure Solutions Ltd, Forest Research, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey, UK.
| | - Andrew Cundy
- Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Chris Joyce
- Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Gerhard Soja
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Rolf Herzig
- Phytotech Foundation & AGB, Quartiergasse 12, CH3013, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre Menger
- Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, E-48160, Derio - Bizkaia, Spain.
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845
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Park JH, Lee SJ, Lee ME, Chung JW. Comparison of heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soils amended with peat moss and peat moss-derived biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:514-20. [PMID: 27055368 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There have been contradictory viewpoints whether soil amendments immobilize or mobilize heavy metals. Therefore, this study evaluated the mobility and bioavailability of Pb, Cu, and Cd in contaminated soil (1218 mg Pb per kg, 63.2 mg Cu per kg, 2.8 mg Cd per kg) amended with peat moss (0.22, 0.43, and 1.29% carbon ratio) and peat moss-derived biochar (0.38, 0.75, and 2.26% carbon ratio) at 0.5, 1, 3% levels. The more peat moss added, the stronger both mobility and bioavailability of Pb, Cu, and Cd would be. In contrast, the addition of peat moss-derived biochar significantly reduced both mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals through the coordination of metal electrons to C[double bond, length as m-dash]C (π-electron) bonds and increased pH. Maximum immobilization was observed in 3% peat moss-derived biochar treatment after 10 days of incubation, which was measured at 97.8%, 100%, and 77.2% for Pb, Cu, and Cd, respectively. Since peat moss and peat moss-derived biochar showed conflicting effectiveness in mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals, soil amendments should be carefully applied to soils for remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea.
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846
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Mahar A, Wang P, Ali A, Awasthi MK, Lahori AH, Wang Q, Li R, Zhang Z. Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 126:111-121. [PMID: 26741880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mining operations, industrial production and domestic and agricultural use of metal and metal containing compound have resulted in the release of toxic metals into the environment. Metal pollution has serious implications for the human health and the environment. Few heavy metals are toxic and lethal in trace concentrations and can be teratogenic, mutagenic, endocrine disruptors while others can cause behavioral and neurological disorders among infants and children. Therefore, remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil could be the only effective option to reduce the negative effects on ecosystem health. Thus, keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in this article to review the current status, challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation for remediating heavy metals from contaminated soils. The prime focus is given to phytoextraction and phytostabilization as the most promising and alternative methods for soil reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanullah Mahar
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Biotechnology, Amicable Knowledge Solution University, Satna, India
| | - Altaf Hussain Lahori
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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847
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Rodríguez L, Gómez R, Sánchez V, Alonso-Azcárate J. Chemical and plant tests to assess the viability of amendments to reduce metal availability in mine soils and tailings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6046-6054. [PMID: 25772873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to assess the potential of several industrial wastes to immobilise metals in two polluted soils deriving from an old Pb/Zn mine. Two different approaches were used to assess the performance of different amendments: a chemical one, using extraction by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and a biological one, using Lupinus albus as a bio-indicator. Four amendments were used: inorganic sugar production waste (named 'sugar foam', SF), sludge from a drinking water treatment sludge (DWS), organic waste from olive mill waste (OMW) and paper mill sludge (PMS). Amendment to soil ratios ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 (w/w). All the amendments were capable of significantly decreasing (p < 0.05) EDTA-extractable Pb, Zn and Cu concentrations in the two soils used, with decreases in ranges 21-100, 25-100 and 2-100 % for Pb, Zn and Cu, respectively. The amendments tested were also effective in reducing the bioavailability of Pb and Zn for L. albus, which gave rise to a decrease in shoot metal accumulation by the lupine plants compared to that found in the control soil. That decrease reached up to 5.6 and 2.8 times for Pb and Zn, respectively, being statistically significant in most cases. Moreover, application of the OMW, DWS and SF amendments led to higher average values of plant biomass (up to 71%) than those obtained in the control soil. The results obtained showed the technology put forward to be a viable means of remediating mine soils as it led to a decrease in the availability and toxicity of metals and, thus, facilitated the growth of a vegetation layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Virtudes Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jacinto Alonso-Azcárate
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
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848
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Alkan D, Yemenicioğlu A. Potential application of natural phenolic antimicrobials and edible film technology against bacterial plant pathogens. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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849
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Gil-Díaz M, Diez-Pascual S, González A, Alonso J, Rodríguez-Valdés E, Gallego JR, Lobo MC. A nanoremediation strategy for the recovery of an As-polluted soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:137-145. [PMID: 26855217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of the nanoremediation treatment on soil recovery as evaluated by the development of barley plants. Highly As-polluted brownfield soil was treated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) commercial suspension at two doses (1% and 10%). Barley plants were cultivated in treated and untreated soils in a growth chamber, and the As, Fe, and nutrients uptake were determined. The efficacy of As immobilization was evaluated according to the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) as well as using a sequential extraction procedure. The application of nZVI reduced the amount of As in the more available fractions and increased the amount of As in the residual fraction. The best immobilization results were obtained for the highest dose of nZVI (10%). In turn, the lower availability of As in nZVI-treated soils, particularly at the dose of 10%, stimulated the development of the barley plants and decreased the As uptake. Neither an important increase of available Fe nor negative impact on soil physico-chemical and biological properties were observed. Thus, our results show that the use of nZVI could be an adequate strategy to recover the land use in As polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gil-Díaz
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Diez-Pascual
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J R Gallego
- Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - M C Lobo
- IMIDRA, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentación, Finca "El Encín", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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850
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Fang S, Tsang DCW, Zhou F, Zhang W, Qiu R. Stabilization of cationic and anionic metal species in contaminated soils using sludge-derived biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:263-271. [PMID: 26866964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, sludge pyrolysis has been considered as a promising technology to solve disposal problem of municipal sewage sludge, recover sludge heating value, sequester carbon and replenish nutrients in farmland soils. The resultant sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) is potentially an excellent stabilizing agent for metal species. This study applied the SDBC into four soils that had been contaminated in field with cationic Pb(II) and Cd(II)/Ni(II), and anionic Cr(VI) and As(III), respectively. The performance of metal stabilization under various operational and environmental conditions was evaluated with acid batch extraction and column leaching tests. Results indicated the SDBC could effectively stabilize these metals, which was favored by elevated temperature and longer aging. Periodic temperature decrease from 45 to 4 °C resulted in the release of immobilized Cr(VI) and As(III) but not Pb(II). However, a longer aging time offset such metal remobilization. This was possibly because more Pb was strongly bound and even formed stable precipitates, as shown by XRD and sequential extraction results. With increasing time, Cr(VI) was sorbed and partly reduced to Cr(III), while immobilized As(III) was co-oxidized to As(V) as indicated by XPS spectra. Column tests revealed that adding SDBC as a separate layer was unfavorable because the concentrated Cd(II) and Ni(II) in localized positions increased the peak levels of metal release under continuous acid leaching. In contrast, uniformly mixed SDBC could effectively delay the metal breakthrough and reduce their released amounts. Yet, a long-term monitoring may be required for evaluating the potential leaching risks and bioavailability/toxicity of these immobilized and transformed species in the SDBC-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen'en Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengsha Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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