801
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Wei Y, Ou T, Lu Y, Wu G, Long Y, Pan X, Yao D. Classification of ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 mutations, immune checkpoints, and tumor microenvironment based on immunogenomic profiling. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10414. [PMID: 33282564 PMCID: PMC7694562 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a highly fatal gynecological malignancy and new, more effective treatments are needed. Immunotherapy is gaining attention from researchers worldwide, although it has not proven to be consistently effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We studied the immune landscape of ovarian cancer patients to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy as a treatment option. Methods We obtained expression profiles, somatic mutation data, and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Ovarian cancer was classified based on 29 immune-associated gene sets, which represented different immune cell types, functions, and pathways. Single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) was used to quantify the activity or enrichment levels of the gene sets in ovarian cancer, and the unsupervised machine learning method was used sort the classifications. Our classifications were validated using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Results We divided ovarian cancer into three subtypes according to the ssGSEA score: subtype 1 (low immunity), subtype 2 (median immunity), and subtype 3 (high immunity). Most tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint molecules were upgraded in subtype 3 compared with those in the other subtypes. The tumor mutation burden (TMB) was not significantly different among the three subtypes. However, patients with BRCA1 mutations were consistently detected in subtype 3. Furthermore, most immune signature pathways were hyperactivated in subtype 3, including T and B cell receptor signaling pathways, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway the NF-κB signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation and interleukin-17 signaling pathways, and the TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion Ovarian cancer subtypes that are based on immune biosignatures may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic treatment strategies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingyu Ou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangteng Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinbin Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Desheng Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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802
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Jäntti T, Luhtala S, Mäenpää J, Staff S. Characterization of immunoreactivity with whole-slide imaging and digital analysis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320971404. [PMID: 33169632 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320971404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of gynecological cancers with 5-year survival rate of ca. 45%. The most common histologic subtype is high-grade serous carcinoma, which typically is presented with advanced stage and development of chemoresistance. Therefore, new treatment options, including immunotherapies, are needed. Understanding the features of the immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment is essential for developing personalized treatments and finding predictive biomarkers. Digital image analysis may enhance the accuracy and reliability of immune cell infiltration assessment in the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to characterize tumor microenvironment in a retrospective cohort of high-grade serous carcinoma samples with whole-slide imaging and digital image analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded high-grade serous carcinoma tumor tissue samples (n = 67) were analyzed for six immunohistochemical stainings: CD4, CD8, FoxP3, granzyme B, CD68, and CD163. The stained sample slides were scanned into a digital format and assessed using QuPath 0.1.2 and ImageJ software. Staining patterns were associated with clinicopathological data. The higher numbers of intraepithelial CD8+, CD163+, and granzyme B+ immune cells were associated with survival benefit when analyzed individually, while high levels of both CD8+ and granzyme B+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were an independent prognostic factor in the Cox multivariate regression analysis (median progression-free survival; hazard ratio = 0.287, p = 0.002). Specimens taken after administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy presented with lower FoxP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.013). However, none of the studied immunomarkers was associated with overall survival or clinical factors. Tumors having high amount of both intraepithelial CD8+ and granzyme B+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes showed better progression-free survival, possibly reflecting an activated immune state in the tumor microenvironment. The combined positivity of CD8 and granzyme B warrants further investigation with respect to predicting response to immune therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have an effect on the tumor microenvironment and therefore on the response to immuno-oncologic or chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Jäntti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Luhtala
- Department of Pathology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Johanna Mäenpää
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Synnöve Staff
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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803
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Perri T, Harel G, Dadon T, Mor-Sasson A, Yagel I, Ben-Baruch G, Korach J. Frequency and prediction of deep uterine involvement in advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer: is uterine preservation an option? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 31:251-256. [PMID: 33172922 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hysterectomy is traditionally part of the surgical treatment for advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas, although the incidence of uterine involvement has not been fully investigated. Some young patients with advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas want uterine preservation. We aimed to determine the frequency of non-serosal (deep) uterine involvement in patients with high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas and to establish predictive factors for such involvement. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed of 366 consecutive patients with advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas who had surgery between January 2012 and December 2019. Data collected included demographic and clinical details, and surgical and pathological reports to determine macroscopic and microscopic deep uterine involvement. The characteristics of the patients with and without deep uterine involvement were compared and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess correlations and determine risk factors. RESULTS A total of 311 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 62±11.6 years, with 32 (10.3%) being younger than 45. Most (92.3%) had serous carcinoma. Uterine involvement, excluding superficial (serosa-only), was present microscopically in 194 patients (62.4%) but was detected macroscopically at surgery in only 166 patients. Deep involvement was missed at surgery in 28 patients (14.4%), including parametrial involvement (n=18), parametria plus cervix (n=2), cervical involvement (n=3), endometrium (n=3), and myometrium (n=2). Multivariate analysis identified factors associated with deep uterine involvement including residual disease at surgery (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.48; p=0.004) and CA125 >1000 U (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.94; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of deep uterine involvement in high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas is high. It can be diagnosed in most but not all cases on gross examination at surgery and is associated with residual disease and CA125 >1000 U. Patients who desire uterine preservation should be advised on an individual basis, given these factors and the operative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Perri
- Gynecologic Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Harel
- Gynecologic Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Dadon
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Mor-Sasson
- Gynecologic Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Yagel
- Gynecologic Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilad Ben-Baruch
- Gynecologic Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Korach
- Gynecologic Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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804
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Drakes ML, Czerlanis CM, Stiff PJ. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Gynecologic Cancers: State of Affairs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113301. [PMID: 33182298 PMCID: PMC7695253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most endometrial cancer patients are diagnosed at an early stage, receive standard treatment, and survive well. Ovarian cancer has no specific symptoms and usually escapes diagnosis until the patient has advanced disease. This disease results in the highest number of deaths of gynecologic cancers. Current treatments for gynecologic cancers in the advanced stage are not sufficiently effective for good outcome in most patients. This review discusses two novel treatments, which are immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies that block immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients. The antibody blocking of CTLA-4 or PD-1 alone is promising treatment for some categories of advanced disease endometrial cancer, but it has little effect against ovarian cancer. Our study primarily discusses the status of clinical trials for these two diseases and the biological parameters governing the different outcomes to these therapies. We also propose mechanisms whereby blocking CTLA-4 and PD-1 may be used in combination with other agents to give much better survival in advanced disease ovarian cancer patients. Abstract This review provides an update on the current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in female gynecologic cancers, and it addresses the potential of these agents to provide therapy options for disease management and long-term remission in advanced disease patients, where surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation fail to meet this goal. The topic of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) blocking cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed death-1 (PD-1) axis has come to the forefront of translational medicine over the last decade for several malignancies. The text will focus primarily on a discussion of ovarian cancer, which is the most frequent cause of death of gynecologic cancers; endometrial cancer, which is the most often diagnosed gynecologic cancer; and cervical cancer, which is the third most common female gynecologic malignancy, all of which unfavorably alter the lives of many women. We will address the critical factors that regulate the outcome of these cancer types to ICI therapy, the ongoing clinical trials in this area, as well as the adverse immune responses that impact the outcome of patients given ICI regimens.
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805
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Ding J, Zhang Q, Chen S, Huang H, He L. Construction of a new tumor immunity-related signature to assess and classify the prognostic risk of ovarian cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21316-21328. [PMID: 33154188 PMCID: PMC7695433 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is associated with a high mortality rate. In this study, we established a new immune-related signature that can stratify ovarian cancer patients. First, we obtained immune-related genes through IMMUPORT, and DEGs (Differential Expression Genes) by analyzing the GSE26712 dataset. The APP (Antigen Processing and Presentation) and DEG signatures were established using univariate and multivariate Cox models. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the signatures' prognostic value in training and validation cohorts (HR: 0.379 VS. 0.450; 0.333 VS. 0.327). Nomogram analysis was used to assess the signatures' ability to predict the 30-month prognosis, which was evaluated using the calibration curve and time-dependent ROC curve (30-month AUC: 0.665 VS. 0.743). Time-dependent ROC, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) and Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was used to compare the new model to previously published gene signatures. 30-month AUC composite variable (0.736) was higher than 9-gene signature (0.657), and composite variable had a larger net benefit and a higher IDI (+2.436%) relative to the 9-gene signature. Tumor immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment scores of the 2 groups separated by APP signature were compared. GSEA was used to identify enriched KEGG pathways. Conclusively, the proposed signature can stratify ovarian cancer patients by risk-score and guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shichao Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huikai Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linsheng He
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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806
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Wang K, Zhao Y, Wang YM. LncRNA MALAT1 Promotes Survival of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells by Downregulating miR-145-5p. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11359-11369. [PMID: 33192095 PMCID: PMC7654532 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s267355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This paper was aimed at investigating the regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Materials and Methods MALAT1 and miR-145-5p expression in the tissues, serum, and EOC cell lines (TOV-112D, TOV-21G) of patients with EOC were detected. The two genes were transfected into the cells via upregulating or downregulating their expression. Levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) were analyzed. Mechanisms of cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were studied. Results MALAT1 was high expressed in EOC tissues, while miR-145-5p was poorly expressed in them. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of the two genes for diagnosing EOC were greater than 0.850, and the two had a significantly negative correlation. According to multivariate Cox regression analysis, high MALAT1 expression, tumor size, degree of differentiation, case staging, and lymph node metastasis were the independent risk factors affecting prognosis. The 5-year overall survival rate (OSR) of patients with low MALAT1 expression was remarkably higher than that of those with high expression. Overexpressing miR-145-5p and silencing MALAT1 could inhibit EOC cells from proliferating and invading, increase their apoptotic rate, and improve levels of the apoptosis-related proteins. After co-transfection with MALAT1-inhibitor + miR-145-5p-inhibitor, the proliferation and invasion of TOV-112D and TOV-21G cells were inhibited and the apoptotic rate rose more obviously. Inhibiting MALAT1 could increase miR-145-5p expression, thus inhibiting EOC cells from proliferating and invading and thereby increasing their apoptotic rate. Conclusion MALAT1 promotes EOC cells’ survival by downregulating miR-145-5p so it may become a new direction for EOC diagnosis and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Central Research Room, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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807
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Hack SP, Zhu AX, Wang Y. Augmenting Anticancer Immunity Through Combined Targeting of Angiogenic and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathways: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598877. [PMID: 33250900 PMCID: PMC7674951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) with antibodies targeting the programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have changed the standard of care in multiple cancers. However, durable antitumor responses have been observed in only a minority of patients, indicating the presence of other inhibitory mechanisms that act to restrain anticancer immunity. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies targeted against other immune suppressive mechanisms are needed to enhance anticancer immunity and maximize the clinical benefit of CIT in patients who are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition. Preclinical and clinical studies have identified abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can negatively impact the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drive immunosuppression in the TME by inducing vascular abnormalities, suppressing antigen presentation and immune effector cells, or augmenting the immune suppressive activity of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. In turn, immunosuppressive cells can drive angiogenesis, thereby creating a vicious cycle of suppressed antitumor immunity. VEGF-mediated immune suppression in the TME and its negative impact on the efficacy of CIT provide a therapeutic rationale to combine PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies with anti-VEGF drugs in order to normalize the TME. A multitude of clinical trials have been initiated to evaluate combinations of a PD-1/PD-L1 antibody with an anti-VEGF in a variety of cancers. Recently, the positive results from five Phase III studies in non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma), renal cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma have shown that combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and anti-VEGF agents significantly improved clinical outcomes compared with respective standards of care. Such combinations have been approved by health authorities and are now standard treatment options for renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A plethora of other randomized studies of similar combinations are currently ongoing. Here, we discuss the principle mechanisms of VEGF-mediated immunosuppression studied in preclinical models or as part of translational clinical studies. We also discuss data from recently reported randomized clinical trials. Finally, we discuss how these concepts and approaches can be further incorporated into clinical practice to improve immunotherapy outcomes for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Hack
- Product Development (Oncology), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew X. Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Product Development (Oncology), Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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808
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Development of Therapeutic Vaccines for Ovarian Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040657. [PMID: 33167428 PMCID: PMC7711901 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the deadliest of all gynecologic malignancies. Our expanding knowledge of ovarian cancer immunology has allowed the development of therapies that generate systemic anti-tumor immune responses. Current immunotherapeutic strategies include immune checkpoint blockade, cellular therapies, and cancer vaccines. Vaccine-based therapies are designed to induce both adaptive and innate immune responses directed against ovarian cancer associated antigens. Tumor-specific effector cells, in particular cytotoxic T cells, are activated to recognize and eliminate ovarian cancer cells. Vaccines for ovarian cancer have been studied in various clinical trials over the last three decades. Despite evidence of vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses, the majority of vaccines have not shown significant anti-tumor efficacy. Recently, improved vaccine development using dendritic cells or synthetic platforms for antigen presentation have shown promising clinical benefits in patients with ovarian cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of therapeutic vaccine development in ovarian cancer, discuss proposed mechanisms of action, and summarize the current clinical experience.
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809
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Xu B, Mei J, Ji W, Bian Z, Jiao J, Sun J, Shao J. LncRNA SNHG3, a potential oncogene in human cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:536. [PMID: 33292213 PMCID: PMC7640707 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are composed of > 200 nucleotides; they lack the ability to encode proteins but play important roles in a variety of human tumors. A large number of studies have shown that dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is related to tumor oncogenesis and progression. Emerging evidence shows that SNHG3 is a novel oncogenic lncRNA that is abnormally expressed in various tumors, including osteosarcoma, liver cancer, lung cancer, etc. SNHG3 primarily competes as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that targets tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) and ceRNA mechanisms that regulate biological processes of tumors. In addition, abnormal expression of SNHG3 is significantly correlated with patient clinical features. Upregulation of SNHG3 contributes to biological functions, including tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. Therefore, SNHG3 may represent a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299 Qing Yang Road, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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810
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Low junctional adhesion molecule-A expression is associated with an epithelial to mesenchymal transition and poorer outcomes in high-grade serous carcinoma of uterine adnexa. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:2361-2377. [PMID: 32514162 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma of uterine adnexa (HGSC) is the most frequent histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer and has a poor 5-year survival rate due to late-stage diagnosis and the poor efficacy of standard treatments. Novel biomarkers of cancer outcome are needed to identify new targetable pathways and improve personalized treatments. Cell-surface screening of 26 HGSC cell lines by high-throughput flow cytometry identified junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM-A, also known as F11R) as a potential biomarker. Using a multi-labeled immunofluorescent staining coupled with digital image analysis, protein levels of JAM-A were quantified in tissue microarrays from three HGSC patient cohorts: a discovery cohort (n = 101), the Canadian Ovarian Experimental Unified Resource cohort (COEUR, n = 1158), and the Canadian Cancer Trials Group OV16 cohort (n = 267). Low JAM-A level was associated with poorer outcome in the three cohorts by Kaplan-Meier (p = 0.023, p < 0.001, and p = 0.036, respectively) and was an independent marker of shorter survival in the COEUR cohort (HR = 0.517 (0.381-703), p < 0.001). When analyses were restricted to patients treated by taxane-platinum-based chemotherapy, low JAM-A protein expression was associated with poorer responses in the COEUR (p < 0.001) and OV16 cohorts (p = 0.006) by Kaplan-Meier. Decreased JAM-A gene expression was an indicator of poor outcome in gene expression datasets including The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 606, p = 0.002) and Kaplan-Meier plotter (n = 1816, p = 0.024). Finally, we observed that tumors with decreased JAM-A expression exhibited an enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature. Our results demonstrate that JAM-A expression is a robust prognostic biomarker of HGSC and may be used to discriminate tumors responsive to therapies targeting EMT.
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811
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Flaum N, Morgan RD, Burghel GJ, Bulman M, Clamp AR, Hasan J, Mitchell CL, Badea D, Moon S, Hogg M, Hadjiyiannakis D, Clancy T, Schlecht H, Woodward ER, Crosbie EJ, Edmondson RJ, Wallace AJ, Jayson GC, Lalloo FI, Harkness EF, Evans DGR. Mainstreaming germline BRCA1/2 testing in non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer in the North West of England. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1541-1547. [PMID: 32651552 PMCID: PMC7575602 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors improve survival in BRCA-mutant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. As a result, germline and somatic BRCA1/2 testing has become standard practice in women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. We outline changes in testing and detection rates of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) in cases of non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed during three eras, spanning 12 years, within the North West of England, and compare the uptake of cascade testing in families identified by oncology-led mainstreaming versus regional genetics clinics. Eras included: Period 1 (20% risk threshold for testing): between January 2007 and May 2013; Period 2 (10% risk threshold for testing): between June 2013 and October 2017 and; Period 3 (mainstream testing): between November 2017 and November 2019. A total of 1081 women underwent germline BRCA1/2 testing between January 2007 and November 2019 and 222 (20.5%) were found to have a PV. The monthly testing rate increased by 3.3-fold and 2.5-fold between Periods 1-2 and Periods 2-3, respectively. A similar incidence of germline BRCA1/2 PVs were detected in Period 2 (17.2%) and Period 3 (18.5%). Uptake of cascade testing from first-degree relatives was significantly lower in those women undergoing mainstream testing compared with those tested in regional genetics clinics (31.6% versus 47.3%, P = 0.038). Mainstream testing allows timely detection of germline BRCA1/2 status to select patients for PARP inhibitors, but shortfalls in the uptake of cascade testing in first-degree relatives requires optimisation to broaden benefits within families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Flaum
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - George J Burghel
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Bulman
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Doina Badea
- Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK
| | - Sarah Moon
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Martin Hogg
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Dennis Hadjiyiannakis
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Tara Clancy
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Helene Schlecht
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma R Woodward
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Wallace
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gordon C Jayson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona I Lalloo
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - D Gareth R Evans
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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812
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O’Dwyer J, O’Cearbhaill RE, Wylie R, O’Mahony S, O’Dwyer M, Duffy GP, Dolan EB. Enhancing delivery of small molecule and cell-based therapies for ovarian cancer using advanced delivery strategies. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000144. [PMID: 33709016 PMCID: PMC7942751 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with a global five-year survival rate of 30-50%. First-line treatment involves cytoreductive surgery and administration of platinum-based small molecules and paclitaxel. These therapies were traditionally administered via intravenous infusion, although intraperitoneal delivery has also been investigated. Initial clinical trials of intraperitoneal administration for ovarian cancer indicated significant improvements in overall survival compared to intravenous delivery, but this result is not consistent across all studies performed. Recently cell-based immunotherapy has been of interest for ovarian cancer. Direct intraperitoneal delivery of cell-based immunotherapies might prompt local immunoregulatory mechanisms to act synergistically with the delivered immunotherapy. Based on this theory, pre-clinical in vivo studies have delivered these cell-based immunotherapies via the intraperitoneal route, with promising results. However, successful intraperitoneal delivery of cell-based immunotherapy and clinical adoption of this technique will depend on overcoming challenges of intraperitoneal delivery and finding the optimal combinations of dose, therapeutic and delivery route. We review the potential advantages and disadvantages of intraperitoneal delivery of cell-based immunotherapy for ovarian cancer and the pre-clinical and clinical work performed so far. Potential advanced delivery strategies, which might improve the efficacy and adoption of intraperitoneal delivery of therapy for ovarian cancer, are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne O’Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Roisin E. O’Cearbhaill
- Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Robert Wylie
- Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Saoirse O’Mahony
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael O’Dwyer
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Garry P. Duffy
- Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Eimear B. Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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813
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Wang S, Hao Q, Li J, Chen Y, Lu H, Wu X, Zhou X. Ubiquitin ligase DTX3 empowers mutant p53 to promote ovarian cancer development. Genes Dis 2020; 9:705-716. [PMID: 35782979 PMCID: PMC9243342 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The deltex family protein DTX3 is believed to possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, as it contains a classic RING finger domain. However, its biological role and the underlying mechanism in cancer remain largely elusive. Here, we identified DTX3 as a novel mutant p53-interacting protein in ovarian carcinoma. Mechanistically, DTX3 mediated mutant p53 ubiquitination and stabilization by perturbing the MDM2-mutant p53 interaction, consequently leading to activation of diverse mutant p53 target genes. Importantly, a positive correlation between the expression of DTX3 and mutant p53 target genes was further validated in ovarian carcinomas. Ectopic DTX3 promoted, while depletion of DTX3 suppressed, ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Remarkably, the pro-tumorigenic effect of DTX3 is dependent on mutant p53, because ablation of mutant p53 significantly impaired DTX3-induced gene expression and ovarian cancer cell growth and propagation. Furthermore, DTX3 elevated the expression of mutant p53 target genes and boosted ovarian tumor growth in vivo. Finally, DTX3 was amplified and overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas, which is significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. Altogether, our findings unveil the oncogenic role of DTX3 in ovarian cancer development by bolstering mutant p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Corresponding author. Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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814
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Wang W, Liu M, Ding B. Comparison of the short‐term efficacy and serum markers between lobaplatin/paclitaxel‐ And carboplatin/paclitaxel‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in patient with ovarian cancer. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:166-172. [PMID: 33098169 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecology Shangluo Central Hospital Shanxi China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology Shangluo Central Hospital Shanxi China
| | - Boyong Ding
- Department of Oncology Shangluo Central Hospital Shanxi China
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815
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Shi J, Xu X, Zhang D, Zhang J, Yang H, Li C, Li R, Wei X, Luan W, Liu P. Long non-coding RNA PTPRG-AS1 promotes cell tumorigenicity in epithelial ovarian cancer by decoying microRNA-545-3p and consequently enhancing HDAC4 expression. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:127. [PMID: 33099316 PMCID: PMC7585679 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA PTPRG antisense RNA 1 (PTPRG-AS1) deregulation has been reported in various human malignancies and identified as an important modulator of cancer development. Few reports have focused on the detailed role of PTPRG-AS1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and its underlying mechanism. This study aimed to determine the physiological function of PTPRG-AS1 in EOC. A series of experiments were also performed to identify the mechanisms through which PTPRG-AS1 exerts its function in EOC. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine PTPRG-AS1 expression in EOC tissues and cell lines. PTPRG-AS1 was silenced in EOC cells and studied with respect to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The putative miRNAs that target PTPRG-AS1 were predicted using bioinformatics analysis and further confirmed in luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Our data verified the upregulation of PTPRG-AS1 in EOC tissues and cell lines. High PTPRG-AS1 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with EOC. Functionally, EOC cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo were suppressed by PTPRG-AS1 silencing. In contrast, cell apoptosis was promoted by loss of PTPRG-AS1. Regarding the mechanism, PTPRG-AS1 could serve as a competing endogenous RNA in EOC cells by decoying microRNA-545-3p (miR-545-3p), thereby elevating histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) expression. Furthermore, rescue experiments revealed that PTPRG-AS1 knockdown-mediated effects on EOC cells were, in part, counteracted by the inhibition of miR-545-3p or restoration of HDAC4. CONCLUSIONS PTPRG-AS1 functioned as an oncogenic lncRNA that aggravated the malignancy of EOC through the miR-545-3p/HDAC4 ceRNA network. Thus, targeting the PTPRG-AS1/miR-545-3p/HDAC4 pathway may be a novel strategy for EOC anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Shi
- Department of Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 277599 Shandong China ,Department of Gynaecology, Tengzhou Center People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500 Shandong China
| | - Xijian Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao, 276800 Shandong China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of TCM Pharmacy, Tengzhou Center People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500 Shandong China
| | - Jiuyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tengzhou Center People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500 Shandong China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, Tengzhou Center People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500 Shandong China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Pathology, Tengzhou Center People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277500 Shandong China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 277599 Shandong China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 277599 Shandong China
| | - Wenqing Luan
- Department of Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 277599 Shandong China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 277599, Shandong, China.
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816
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Nunes M, Henriques Abreu M, Bartosch C, Ricardo S. Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207768. [PMID: 33092251 PMCID: PMC7656306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in ovarian cancer treatment is the management of recurrences. Facing this scenario, therapy selection is based on multiple factors to define the best treatment sequence. Target therapies, such as bevacizumab and polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, improved patient survival. However, despite their achievements, ovarian cancer survival remains poor; these therapeutic options are highly costly and can be associated with potential side effects. Recently, it has been shown that the combination of repurposed, conventional, chemotherapeutic drugs could be an alternative, presenting good patient outcomes with few side effects and low costs for healthcare institutions. The main aim of this review is to strengthen the importance of repurposed drugs as therapeutic alternatives, and to propose an in vitro model to assess the therapeutic value. Herein, we compiled the current knowledge on the most promising non-oncological drugs for ovarian cancer treatment, focusing on statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, ivermectin, itraconazole, and ritonavir. We discuss the primary drug use, anticancer mechanisms, and applicability in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose the use of these therapies to perform drug efficacy tests in ovarian cancer ex vivo cultures. This personalized testing approach could be crucial to validate the existing evidences supporting the use of repurposed drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center—Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-570-700
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817
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Sun W, Shi Q, Li J, Li J, Yu L. LRH1 Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration and Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583566. [PMID: 33194722 PMCID: PMC7641615 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH1) plays a vital role in several human cancers, but its role in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the functions of LRH1 and its clinical relevance. Methods LRH1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effects of LRH1 on tumor cell proliferation, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the functions of LRH1. Results RT-qPCR showed that LRH1 mRNA expression was higher in the invasive lesions (P < 0.05). LRH1 overexpression was extremely related with elevated International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011), peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.001), and platinum resistance (P = 0.037). Furthermore, LRH1 expression was an independent prognostic index for disease-free survival in patients with OC (P = 0.041). LRH1 overexpression (P = 0.011), FIGO stage (P < 0.001), and ascites (P = 0.015) independently affected peritoneal metastasis in patients with OC. LRH1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and EMT of human OC cells (P < 0.05); however, it reversed cisplatin resistance. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the functions of LRH1 were associated with the PRC1 complex, nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex, and Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the predictive value of LRH1 on peritoneal metastasis and poor outcome and highlights the potential role of LRH1 as a biomarker for the targeted therapy of OC. Furthermore, LRH1 promotes OC cell proliferation, migration, and EMT in vitro, and its functions may be associated with PRC1 complex, nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex, and PcG proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhou Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingtao Shi
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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818
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Pavanello M, Chan IHY, Ariff A, Pharoah PDP, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ. Rare Germline Genetic Variants and the Risks of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3046. [PMID: 33086730 PMCID: PMC7589980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A family history of ovarian or breast cancer is the strongest risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Germline deleterious variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer EOC risks by age 80, of 44% and 17% respectively. The mismatch repair genes, particularly MSH2 and MSH6, are also EOC susceptibility genes. Several other DNA repair genes, BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, and PALB2, have been identified as moderate risk EOC genes. EOC has five main histotypes; high-grade serous (HGS), low-grade serous (LGS), clear cell (CCC), endometrioid (END), and mucinous (MUC). This review examines the current understanding of the contribution of rare genetic variants to EOC, focussing on providing frequency data for each histotype. We provide an overview of frequency and risk for pathogenic variants in the known susceptibility genes as well as other proposed genes. We also describe the progress to-date to understand the role of missense variants and the different breast and ovarian cancer risks for each gene. Identification of susceptibility genes have clinical impact by reducing disease-associated mortality through improving risk prediction, with the possibility of prevention strategies, and developing new targeted treatments and these clinical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pavanello
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (M.P.); (I.H.C.); (A.A.)
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Isaac HY Chan
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (M.P.); (I.H.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Amir Ariff
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (M.P.); (I.H.C.); (A.A.)
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Paul DP Pharoah
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK;
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Translational Genomics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; (M.P.); (I.H.C.); (A.A.)
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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819
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Stockley J, Akhand R, Kennedy A, Nyberg C, Crosbie EJ, Edmondson RJ. Detection of MCM5 as a novel non-invasive aid for the diagnosis of endometrial and ovarian tumours. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1000. [PMID: 33059604 PMCID: PMC7559715 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MCM5 is a protein involved in DNA replication, facilitating cell proliferation. In normal epithelium MCM5 expression is restricted to the cells in the basal proliferative compartments, however in the presence of a tumour MCM5 positive cells are present at the surface epithelium and are shed into bodily fluids. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of MCM5 as a biomarker for the detection of endometrial and ovarian cancer. Methods Patients with known ovarian or endometrial cancers, or known benign gynaecological conditions, were enrolled. Informed consent was obtained prior to the collection of full void urine, and either a vaginal tampon (worn for 6–8 h), or a vaginal swab. Vaginal secretions were extracted from the tampon or swab, centrifuged and lysed. Urine samples were centrifuged and lysed. MCM5 levels were determined by MCM5-ELISA (Arquer Diagnostics Ltd). Results 125 patients completed the study protocol, 41 patients had endometrial cancer, 26 ovarian cancer, and 58 benign controls. All patients provided a urine sample and either a tampon or vaginal swab sample. Urine MCM5 levels were higher in cancer patients than controls (p < 0.0001), there was no significant difference in levels between tampon samples or vaginal swab samples in cancer patients when compared to controls. Performance of MCM5 to discriminate cancer from benign disease was high with an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 for endometrial cancer and 0.68 for ovarian cancer. Using a cut off of 12 pg/mL, overall sensitivity for endometrial cancer was 87.8, and 61.5% for ovarian cancer with a specificity of 75.9%. Conclusions MCM5 is a novel sensitive and specific biomarker for the detection of ovarian and endometrial tumours in urine samples, which is likely to have clinical utility as a diagnostic aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stockley
- Arquer Diagnostics Ltd, North East Business and Innovation Centre, Wearfield, Sunderland, SR5 2TA, UK
| | - R Akhand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research Floor, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - A Kennedy
- Arquer Diagnostics Ltd, North East Business and Innovation Centre, Wearfield, Sunderland, SR5 2TA, UK
| | - C Nyberg
- Arquer Diagnostics Ltd, North East Business and Innovation Centre, Wearfield, Sunderland, SR5 2TA, UK
| | - E J Crosbie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research Floor, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - R J Edmondson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research Floor, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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820
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Pellarin I, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. RNA splicing alteration in the response to platinum chemotherapy in ovarian cancer: A possible biomarker and therapeutic target. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:586-615. [PMID: 33058230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, alternative splicing has been recognized as a powerful way for a cell to amplify the genetic information and for a living organism to adapt, evolve, and survive. We now know that a very high number of genes are regulated by alternative splicing and that alterations of splicing have been observed in different types of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we review the accumulating knowledge that links the regulation of alternative splicing to the response to chemotherapy, focusing our attention on ovarian cancer and platinum-based treatments. Moreover, we discuss how expanding information could be exploited to identify new possible biomarkers of platinum response, to better select patients, and/or to design new therapies able to overcome platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pellarin
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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821
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Govindarajan M, Wohlmuth C, Waas M, Bernardini MQ, Kislinger T. High-throughput approaches for precision medicine in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:134. [PMID: 33036656 PMCID: PMC7547483 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most prevalent and aggressive subtype of ovarian cancer. The large degree of clinical heterogeneity within HGSC has justified deviations from the traditional one-size-fits-all clinical management approach. However, the majority of HGSC patients still relapse with chemo-resistant cancer and eventually succumb to their disease, evidence that further work is needed to improve patient outcomes. Advancements in high-throughput technologies have enabled novel insights into biological complexity, offering a large potential for informing precision medicine efforts. Here, we review the current landscape of clinical management for HGSC and highlight applications of high-throughput biological approaches for molecular subtyping and the discovery of putative blood-based biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, we present recent improvements in model systems and discuss how their intersection with high-throughput platforms and technological advancements is positioned to accelerate the realization of precision medicine in HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Wohlmuth
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthew Waas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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822
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Incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer at the global, regional, and national levels, 1990–2017. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:239-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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823
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Napoletano C, Steentoff C, Battisti F, Ye Z, Rahimi H, Zizzari IG, Dionisi M, Cerbelli B, Tomao F, French D, d’Amati G, Panici PB, Vakhrushev S, Clausen H, Nuti M, Rughetti A. Investigating Patterns of Immune Interaction in Ovarian Cancer: Probing the O-glycoproteome by the Macrophage Galactose-Like C-type Lectin (MGL). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102841. [PMID: 33019700 PMCID: PMC7600217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the posttranslational linking of sugar molecules to proteins, is notoriously altered during tumor transformation. More specifically in carcinomas, GalNAc-type O-glycosylation, is characterized by biosynthetically immature truncated glycans present on the cancer cell surface, which profoundly impact anti-tumor immune recognition. The tumor-associated glycan pattern may thus be regarded as a biomarker of immune modulation. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) there is a particular lack of specific biomarkers and molecular targets to aid early diagnosis and develop novel therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian cancer O-glycoproteome and identify tumor-associated glycoproteins relevant in tumor-dendritic cell (DC) interactions, mediated by macrophage galactose-like C type lectin (MGL), which recognizes the tumor-associated Tn O-glycan. Lectin weak affinity chromatography (LWAC) was employed to probe the O-glycopeptidome by MGL and Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) lectin using glycoengineered ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer tissues as input material. Biochemical and bioinformatics analysis gave information on the glycan arrangement recognized by MGL in tumor cells. The potential MGL binders identified were located, as expected, at the cell membrane, but also within the intracellular compartment and the matrisome, suggesting that MGL in vivo may play a complex role in sensing microenvironmental cues. The tumor glycoproteins binders for MGL may become relevant to characterize the interaction between the immune system and tumor progression and contribute to the design of glycan targeting-based strategies for EOC immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Catharina Steentoff
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.V.); (H.C.)
| | - Federico Battisti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.V.); (H.C.)
| | - Hassan Rahimi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Ilaria Grazia Zizzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Dionisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Urology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (P.B.P.)
| | - Deborah French
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia d’Amati
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Urology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (P.B.P.)
| | - Sergey Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.V.); (H.C.)
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.S.); (Z.Y.); (S.V.); (H.C.)
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-06-4997-3029 (M.N.); +39-06-4997-3025 (A.R.)
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (F.B.); (H.R.); (I.G.Z.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-06-4997-3029 (M.N.); +39-06-4997-3025 (A.R.)
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824
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Huang TT, Brill E, Nair JR, Zhang X, Wilson KM, Chen L, Thomas CJ, Lee JM. Targeting the PI3K/mTOR Pathway Augments CHK1 Inhibitor-Induced Replication Stress and Antitumor Activity in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5380-5392. [PMID: 32998994 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in industrialized countries and has limited treatment options. Targeting ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related/cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated S-phase and G2-M-phase cell-cycle checkpoints has been a promising therapeutic strategy in HGSOC. To improve the efficacy of CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i), we conducted a high-throughput drug combination screening in HGSOC cells. PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors (PI3K/mTORi) showed supra-additive cytotoxicity with CHK1i. Combined treatment with CHK1i and PI3K/mTORi significantly attenuated cell viability and increased DNA damage, chromosomal breaks, and mitotic catastrophe compared with monotherapy. PI3K/mTORi decelerated fork speed by promoting new origin firing via increased CDC45, thus potentiating CHK1i-induced replication stress. PI3K/mTORi also augmented CHK1i-induced DNA damage by attenuating DNA homologous recombination repair activity and RAD51 foci formation. High expression of replication stress markers was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HGSOC. Our findings indicate that combined PI3K/mTORi and CHK1i induces greater cell death in HGSOC cells and in vivo models by causing lethal replication stress and DNA damage. This insight can be translated therapeutically by further developing combinations of PI3K and cell-cycle pathway inhibitors in HGSOC. SIGNIFICANCE: Dual inhibition of CHK1 and PI3K/mTOR pathways yields potent synthetic lethality by causing lethal replication stress and DNA damage in HGSOC, warranting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ethan Brill
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jayakumar R Nair
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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825
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van Wijk LM, Vermeulen S, Meijers M, van Diest MF, ter Haar NT, de Jonge MM, Solleveld-Westerink N, van Wezel T, van Gent DC, Kroep JR, Bosse T, Gaarenstroom KN, Vrieling H, Vreeswijk MPG. The RECAP Test Rapidly and Reliably Identifies Homologous Recombination-Deficient Ovarian Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2805. [PMID: 33003546 PMCID: PMC7650677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is related to tumor-specific defects in homologous recombination (HR) and extends beyond BRCA1/2 deficient EOC. A robust method with which to identify HR-deficient (HRD) carcinomas is therefore of utmost clinical importance. In this study, we investigated the proficiency of a functional HR assay based on the detection of RAD51 foci, the REcombination CAPacity (RECAP) test, in identifying HRD tumors in a cohort of prospectively collected epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs). Of the 39 high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), the RECAP test detected 26% (10/39) to be HRD, whereas ovarian carcinomas of other histologic subtypes (n = 10) were all HR-proficient (HRP). Of the HRD tumors that could be sequenced, 8/9 showed pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants or BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation, indicating that the RECAP test reliably identifies HRD, including but not limited to tumors related to BRCA1/2 deficiency. Furthermore, we found a trend towards better overall survival (OS) of HGSOC patients with RECAP-identified HRD tumors compared to patients with HRP tumors. This study shows that the RECAP test is an attractive alternative to DNA-based HRD tests, and further development of a clinical grade RECAP test is clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise M. van Wijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.v.W.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (M.F.v.D.); (H.V.)
| | - Sylvia Vermeulen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.v.W.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (M.F.v.D.); (H.V.)
| | - Matty Meijers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.v.W.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (M.F.v.D.); (H.V.)
| | - Manuela F. van Diest
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.v.W.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (M.F.v.D.); (H.V.)
| | - Natalja T. ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.T.t.H.); (M.M.d.J.); (N.S.-W.); (T.v.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Marthe M. de Jonge
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.T.t.H.); (M.M.d.J.); (N.S.-W.); (T.v.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Nienke Solleveld-Westerink
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.T.t.H.); (M.M.d.J.); (N.S.-W.); (T.v.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.T.t.H.); (M.M.d.J.); (N.S.-W.); (T.v.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Dik C. van Gent
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Judith R. Kroep
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.T.t.H.); (M.M.d.J.); (N.S.-W.); (T.v.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Katja N. Gaarenstroom
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.v.W.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (M.F.v.D.); (H.V.)
| | - Maaike P. G. Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.M.v.W.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (M.F.v.D.); (H.V.)
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826
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Lin CC, Chi JT. Ferroptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer: genetic determinants and therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3562-3570. [PMID: 33062192 PMCID: PMC7533070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Current treatment for OVCA involves surgical debulking of the tumors followed by combination chemotherapies. While most patients achieve complete remission, many OVCA will recur and develop chemo-resistance. Whereas recurrent OVCA may be treated by angiogenesis inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, or immunotherapies, the clinical outcomes of recurrence OVCA are still unsatisfactory. One new promising anti-tumor strategy is ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death featured by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we have summarized several recent studies on the ferroptosis of OVCA. Also, we summarize our current understanding of various genetic determinants of ferroptosis and their underlying mechanisms in OVCA. Furthermore, ferroptosis can be combined with other standard cancer therapeutics, which has shown synergistic effects. Therefore, such a combination of therapeutics could lead to new therapeutic strategies to improve the response rate and overcome resistance. By understanding the genetic determinants and underlying mechanisms, ferroptosis may have significant therapeutic potential to improve the clinical outcome of women with OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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827
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Hao P, Li H, Wu A, Zhang J, Wang C, Xian X, Ren Q, Hao N, Wang Y, Yue F, Cui H. Lipocalin2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer through activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 262:118492. [PMID: 32980390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin2 (Lcn2) has been shown to be a vital regulator of tumorigenesis in a variety of different cancers. However, its expression patterns and possible roles in ovarian cancer remain obscure. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Lcn2 in ovarian cancer cells and to determine any potential association between Lcn2 and ovarian tumor development and cancer progression. Our results indicated that Lcn2 was upregulated in tumor tissue from ovarian cancer patients as well as in three ovarian cancer cell lines compared to normal tissues and cells. Overexpression of Lcn2 promoted both cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells. Conversely, knockdown of Lcn2 in cell lines suppressed both migration and proliferation. Moreover, upregulation of Lcn2 contributed to tumor growth in nude mice in vivo. Mechanistically, Lcn2 was found to lead to tumor progression in ovarian cancer cells through activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, Lcn2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer through activation of the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that Lcn2 might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Haili Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Aiyuan Wu
- The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Cancer Hospital), Suzhou Dong Street No.789, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xian Xian
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Nana Hao
- Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, HanDan, Hebei, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fengming Yue
- Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Research Center for Stem Cell Medical Translational Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China.
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828
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Wang Z, Yin P, Sun Y, Na L, Gao J, Wang W, Zhao C. LGR4 maintains HGSOC cell epithelial phenotype and stem-like traits. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 159:839-849. [PMID: 32980127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is lethal mainly due to extensive metastasis. Cancer cell stem-like properties are responsible for HGSOC metastasis. LGR4, a G-protein-coupled receptor, is involved in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and activity in some human organs. METHODS TCGA and CCLE databases were interrogated for gene mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Gain and loss of functions of LGR4, ELF3, FZD5 and WNT7B were performed to identify their roles in ovarian cancer cell epithelial phenotype and stem-like properties. In vivo experiments were performed to observe the effect of LGR4 on ovarian cancer cell growth and peritoneal seeding. The binding of ELF3 to LGR4 gene promoter was investigated by dual-luciferase reporter assays and ChIP. RESULTS LGR4 was shown to be overexpressed in HGSOCs and maintain the epithelial phenotype of HGSOC cells. LGR4 knockdown suppressed POU5F1, SOX2, PROM1 (CD133) and ALDH1A2 expression. Furthermore, LGR4 knockdown reduced CD133+ and ALDH+ subpopulations and impaired tumorisphere formation. To the contrary, LGR4 overexpression enhanced POU5F1 and SOX2 expression and tumorisphere formation capacity. LGR4 knockdown inhibited HGSOC cell growth and peritoneal seeding in xenograft models. Mechanistically, LGR4 and ELF3, an epithelium-specific transcription factor, formed a reciprocal regulatory loop, which was positively modulated by WNT7B/FZD5 ligand-receptor pair. Consistently, knockdown of ELF3, WNT7B, and FZD5, respectively, disrupted HGSOC cell epithelial phenotype and stem-like properties. CONCLUSION Together, these data demonstrate that WNT7B/FZD5-LGR4/ELF3 axis maintains HGSOC cell epithelial phenotype and stem-like traits; targeting this axis may prevent HGSOC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China; College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China.
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829
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Understanding and addressing barriers to successful adenovirus-based virotherapy for ovarian cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:375-389. [PMID: 32951021 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecological cancer, with an overall 5-year survival rate below 50% due to a lack of specific symptoms, late stage at time of diagnosis and a high rate of recurrence after standard therapy. A better understanding of heterogeneity, genetic mutations, biological behavior and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment have allowed the development of more effective therapies based on anti-angiogenic treatments, PARP and immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies and oncolytic vectors. Oncolytic adenoviruses are commonly used platforms in cancer gene therapy that selectively replicate in tumor cells and at the same time are able to stimulate the immune system. In addition, they can be genetically modified to enhance their potency and overcome physical and immunological barriers. In this review we highlight the challenges of adenovirus-based oncolytic therapies targeting ovarian cancer and outline recent advances to improve their potential in combination with immunotherapies.
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830
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McMullen M, Karakasis K, Loembe B, Dean E, Parr G, Oza AM. DUETTE: a phase II randomized, multicenter study to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a second maintenance treatment in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer, who have previously received poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor maintenance treatment. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1824-1828. [PMID: 32878963 PMCID: PMC7656147 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the success of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy in the first-line and second-line treatment settings, a new patient population is emerging with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, who have previously received a PARP inhibitor in the maintenance setting and for whom no second maintenance standard of care exists. DUETTE (NCT04239014) will evaluate the combination of ceralasertib (a potent, selective inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) + olaparib, or olaparib monotherapy, compared with placebo, in this patient population of unmet need. Primary Objective The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of ceralasertib + olaparib combination, and olaparib monotherapy, compared with placebo, as second maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. Study Hypothesis This study will test the hypothesis that ceralasertib + olaparib, or olaparib monotherapy, is tolerable, and effective at prolonging progression-free survival compared with placebo. Trial Design This is a phase II, multicenter study where patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either (Arm 1) ceralasertib + olaparib, (Arm 2) olaparib monotherapy, or (Arm 3) placebo. The olaparib and placebo arms will be double-blinded, whereas the ceralasertib + olaparib arm will be open label. Patients will be stratified according to BRCA status, and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Major Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Eligible patients will have histologically diagnosed high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer, with platinum-sensitive relapse on, or after, completion of at least 6 months of any prior PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy (a minimum of 12 months is required if the patient received PARP inhibitor maintenance following first-line chemotherapy). If the prior PARP inhibitor used was olaparib then patients must have received treatment without significant toxicity or the need for a permanent dose reduction. Disease relapse in the second-line or third-line setting is allowed. Patients who have received secondary debulking surgery are potentially eligible if they meet all other inclusion criteria. Primary Endpoints The primary endpoint is progression-free survival determined by blinded independent central review according to RECIST 1.1, with sensitivity analysis of progression-free survival using investigator assessments according to RECIST 1.1. Sample Size 192 patients. Estimated Dates for Completing Accrual and Presenting Results December 2022. Trial Registration NCT04239014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle McMullen
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Karakasis
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Emma Dean
- AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Graem Parr
- AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Amit M Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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831
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Nguyen JMV, Ferguson SE, Bernardini MQ, May T, Laframboise S, Hogen L, Bouchard-Fortier G. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts 30 day postoperative morbidity and survival after primary surgery for ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1378-1383. [PMID: 32788264 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been found to be an independent prognostic indicator for perioperative complications and survival outcomes in patients undergoing oncologic surgery for several malignancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting 30-day postoperative morbidity and overall survival in advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients after primary surgery. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent primary surgery for high-grade serous ovarian cancer between January 2008 and December 2016 at a single tertiary academic institution in Toronto, Canada. Optimal thresholds for preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were determined using receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis. Cox-proportional hazard models, Kaplan-Meier, and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Of 505 patients with ovarian cancer during the study period, 199 met the inclusion criteria. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis generated optimal preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio thresholds of 2.3 and 2.9 for 30-day postoperative morbidity and survival outcomes, respectively. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥2.3 was predictive of a composite outcome of 30-day postoperative complications (odds ratio 7.3, 95% confidence interval 2.44 to 21.81; p=0.0004), after adjusting for longer operative time and intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications included superficial surgical site infections (p=0.007) and urinary tract infections (p=0.004). A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥29 was associated with worse 5-year overall survival (57.8% vs 77.7%, p=0.003), and suggested no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (33.8% vs 40.7%, p=0.054). On multivariable analysis, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio remained an independent predictor for overall survival (p=0.02) when adjusting for suboptimal cytoreduction (p≤0.0001). DISCUSSION A preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥2.3 and ≥2.9 is associated with greater risk of 30-day postoperative morbidity and worse overall survival, respectively. This marker may be used in conjunction with other risk assessment strategies to preoperatively identify high-risk patients. Further prospective study is required to investigate its role in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taymaa May
- Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephane Laframboise
- Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liat Hogen
- Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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832
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Zhao S, Guan X, Hou R, Zhang X, Guo F, Zhang Z, Hua C. Vitexin attenuates epithelial ovarian cancer cell viability and motility in vitro and carcinogenesis in vivo via p38 and ERK1/2 pathways related VEGFA. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1139. [PMID: 33240988 PMCID: PMC7576048 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common type of ovarian tumor, however, effective treatment does not currently exist for this condition. This study evaluated the role of vitexin in mitigating EOC both in vitro and in vivo. Method SKOV-3 cells were used for in vitro experimentation. Xenotransplantation mouse models were set up by subcutaneously injecting mice with SKOV-3 cells. CCK8 was used to screen the optimal dose in vitro. Cell proliferation, invasion, number of microtubule nodules and apoptosis were respectively detected by colony formation assay, transwell assay, microtubule formation assay and flow cytometry. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to detect tissues apoptosis and VEGF content. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of Ki67, caspase-3, VEGFA, VEGFR2, ERK1/2 and p38. Results In vitro experiment, compared with the control group, 10 µL of vitexin significantly reduced Ki67 levels and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis rate. Additionally, the colony forming rate, invasive cells per field, and number of nodes/HPF in vitexin treated group decreased dramatically. The result of western blot showed that levels of p-p38/p38 and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 also noticeably decreased. In vivo experiment, 40 mg/kg of vitexin significantly inhibited tumor growth. In addition, vitexin significantly enhanced the percentage of tissues apoptosis, which was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of VEGF-positive cells. Conclusions Vitexin decreased the proliferation and invasion of SKOV-3 cells and noticeably reduced tumor growth. These findings suggest that vitexin could be a promising therapy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xinlei Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ruijie Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Caihong Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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833
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Li N, Zhan X. MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOMICS IN HUMAN OVARIAN CANCERS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:471-498. [PMID: 32020673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prominent characteristics of mitochondria are highly dynamic and regulatory, which have crucial roles in cell metabolism, biosynthetic, senescence, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction might lead to multiple serious diseases, including cancer. Therefore, identification of mitochondrial proteins in cancer could provide a global view of tumorigenesis and progression. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative mitochondrial proteomics fulfils this task by enabling systems-wide, accurate, and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial protein abundance, and mitochondrial protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Multiple quantitative proteomics techniques, including isotope-coded affinity tag, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, tandem mass tags, and label-free quantification, in combination with different PTM-peptide enrichment methods such as TiO2 enrichment of tryptic phosphopeptides and antibody enrichment of other PTM-peptides, increase flexibility for researchers to study mitochondrial proteomes. This article reviews isolation and purification of mitochondria, quantitative mitochondrial proteomics, quantitative mitochondrial phosphoproteomics, mitochondrial protein-involved signaling pathway networks, mitochondrial phosphoprotein-involved signaling pathway networks, integration of mitochondrial proteomic and phosphoproteomic data with whole tissue proteomic and transcriptomic data and clinical information in ovarian cancers (OC) to in-depth understand its molecular mechanisms, and discover effective mitochondrial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for predictive, preventive, and personalized treatment of OC. This proof-of-principle model about OC mitochondrial proteomics is easily implementable to other cancer types. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- University Creative Research Initiatives Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- University Creative Research Initiatives Center, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
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834
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Hao X, Jia Q, Yuan J, Shi X, Guo H, Gao J, Guo Y. MicroRNA‑195 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in epithelial ovarian carcinoma via inhibition of the CDC42/CCND1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1862-1872. [PMID: 32901852 PMCID: PMC7521559 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most common cause of gynecological cancer mortality, and poses a threat to women. MicroRNA-195 (miR-195) has been reported to induce apoptosis of human OVCAR-3 cells by inhibiting the VEGFR2/AKT pathway. However, the role of miR-195 in EOC remains unknown. A previous study reported that cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) can serve as a target gene of miR-195 and mediate malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-195 in EOC and the regulation in CDC42/CCND1 pathway. Tissues samples and clinical materials were collected from 78 enrolled patients with EOC to analyze the expression and clinical significance of miR-195, CDC42 and cyclin D1 (CCND1). Human EOC cell lines OVCA420, OVCAR-3, A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines were used to assess the expression and function of miR-195, CDC42 and CCND1 in vitro. Cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as the cell migratory and invasive abilities were detected in vitro using BrdU incorporation, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, along with flow cytometry. miR-195 was downregulated, while CDC42 and CCND1 were upregulated in human EOC tissues and cells, and the aberrant expression of both was associated with increased EOC malignancy. Moreover, miR-195 expression was negatively correlated with CDC42 and CCND1 expression levels, and negatively regulated these expression levels. Thus, it was suggested that miR-195 functions as a tumor suppressor, but CDC42 and CCND1 act as tumor promoters based their abilities to enhance cell proliferation, cell cycle entry, migration and invasion, as well as decrease apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cells. the present results demonstrated that miR-195 inhibited human EOC progression by downregulating CDC42 and CCND1 expression. Furthermore, it was identified that miR-195, CDC42 and CCND1 may be effective biomarkers for EOC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jieling Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jiefang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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835
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Yang X, Xu L, Yang YE, Xiong C, Yu J, Wang Y, Lin Y. Knockdown of ribosomal protein S6 suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:100. [PMID: 32862831 PMCID: PMC7457759 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer typically is diagnosed late because insensitivity and lack of specificity of current biomarkers prior to its clinical detection. Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a ribosomal protein involved in the ribosomal 40S subunit, but its biological role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still unknown. Results RPS6 was elevated in EOC compared to normal ovarian tissues and adenomas. Higher expression of RPS6 predicted worse prognosis in EOC. The level of RPS6 was correlated with clinical stage, histological type and pathological grade. Knockdown of RPS6 reduced the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and HO8910, and inhibit the migration and invasion ability. It revealed that cells arrested at G0G1 phase after knockdown of RPS6, and the expressions of CyclinD1, Cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and pRb were also reduced. Conclusions RPS6 is involved in EOC and knockdown of RPS6 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of EOC in vitro by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest. RPS6 is expected to be a novel biomarker and molecular target to the EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxi Xu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-E Yang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaying Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China.
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836
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Yoshida K, Yokoi A, Kato T, Ochiya T, Yamamoto Y. The clinical impact of intra- and extracellular miRNAs in ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3435-3444. [PMID: 32750177 PMCID: PMC7541008 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer due to lack of early screening methods and acquired drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are effective post‐transcriptional regulators that are transferred by extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes. Numerous studies have revealed that miRNAs are differentially expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Cancer cells secrete exosomes containing miRNAs, which exert various effects on the components of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer‐associated fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. Conversely, cancer cells also receive exosomes from these cells. As a result of cell‐to‐cell communication, epithelial ovarian cancer acquires a more aggressive phenotype and resistance to multiple drugs. In addition, some circulating miRNAs are protected from RNase degradation in the peripheral blood and can be potential non‐invasive biomarkers. In particular, the combination of several circulating miRNAs enhances the accuracy of cancer screening. Likewise, comprehensive analyses revealed specific miRNA signatures in non‐epithelial ovarian tumors and several miRNAs contributing to alterations of carcinogenic pathways. Overall, miRNAs play a crucial role in ovarian cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of intra‐ and extracellular miRNAs in ovarian cancers. In the near future, miRNAs will be practical biomarkers and computational deep learning will help in the clinical application of miRNAs. Moreover, miRNAs are potential therapeutic targets and agents, and there are ongoing clinical trials of miRNA replacement therapy. Therefore, accelerating research on miRNA might improve the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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837
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Endothelin-1 axis fosters YAP-induced chemotherapy escape in ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:84-95. [PMID: 32860850 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of ovarian cancer (OC) patients recur with a platinum-resistant disease. OC cells activate adaptive resistance mechanisms that are only partially described. Here we show that OC cells can adapt to chemotherapy through a positive-feedback loop that favors chemoresistance. In platinum-resistant OC cells we document that the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin A receptor axis intercepts the YAP pathway. This cross-talk occurs through the LATS/RhoA/actin-dependent pathway and contributes to prevent the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, β-arrestin1 (β-arr1) and YAP form a complex shaping TEAD-dependent transcriptional activity on the promoters of YAP target genes, including EDN1, which fuels a feed-forward signaling circuit that sustains a platinum-tolerant state. The FDA approved dual ET-1 receptor antagonist macitentan in co-therapy with cisplatin sensitizes resistant cells to the platinum-based therapy, reducing their metastatic potential. Furthermore, high ETAR/YAP gene expression signature is associated with a poor platinum-response in OC patients. Collectively, our findings identify in the networking between ET-1 and YAP pathways an escape strategy from chemotherapy. ET-1 receptor blockade interferes with such adaptive network and enhances platinum-induced apoptosis, representing a promising therapeutic opportunity to restore drug sensitivity in OC patients.
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838
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Lv X, Miao C, Liu M, Wang X, Wang L, Wang D. 17β-Estradiol via Orai1 activates calcium mobilization to induce cell proliferation in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22603. [PMID: 32844545 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal estrogen-sensitive gynecological cancer. Studies have reported that estrogen induces rapid cellular calcium mobilization in cells and can determine the fate of a cell. We found that estrogen increased the calcium release-activated calcium channel modulator 1 (Orai1) protein expression levels in SK-OV-3 cells. However, to date, there has been no research on the functional relationship and molecular mechanism of estrogen-regulating Orai1 during EOC development. In our study, Orai1 had a high expression level in high-grade serous ovarian tumor tissues and SK-OV-3 cells. Estrogen promoted cell proliferation and migration while inhibiting cell apoptosis in SK-OV-3 cells. Orai1 silencing suppressed estrogen-induced cell migration and proliferation. Overexpression of Orai1, however, enhanced the ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) to exert its function. Estrogen induced rapid calcium influx in SK-OV-3 cells. Knockdown of Orai1 in SK-OV-3 cells blocked E2-induced stored-operated Ca2+ influx. The messenger RNA expression of caspase 3, matrix metallopeptidase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 were regulated via Orai1 under E2 treatment. Our results suggest that estrogen, by regulating Orai1, induced calcium influx to determine cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lv
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlei Miao
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyan Liu
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Wang
- Plastic Surgery Institute, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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839
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Ren XY, Yang WB, Tian Y. Overexpression of long noncoding RNA PTPRG-AS1 is associated with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:948-953. [PMID: 32844927 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.7.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a critical role in tumor progression. Abnormal expression of LncRNA PTPRG antisense RNA 1 (PTPRG-AS1) has been reported in several tumors. Hence, we aimed to determine the expression and clinical significance of PTPRG-AS1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. METHODS The expressions of PTPRG-AS1 were assessed in 184 pairs of EOC tumor specimens and adjacent normal tissues. The levels of target lncRNAs and GAPDH were examined using standard SYBR-Green methods. The relationships between the expressions of PTPRG-AS1 and the clinicopathological features were analyzed using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed to assess the prognostic value of PTPRG-AS1 in EOC patients. RESULTS We confirmed that the expressions of PTPRG-AS1 were distinctly higher in the EOC tissue compared with the adjacent non-tumor specimens (p < 0.01). Higher levels of PTPRG-AS1 in EOC patients were associated with advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.005), grade (p = 0.006), and distant metastasis (p = 0.005). Survival analyses revealed that patients with high expressions of PTPRG-AS1 had a distinctly decreased overall survival (p = 0.0029) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0009) compared with those with low expressions of PTPRG-AS1. Multivariate assays indicated that PTPRG-AS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival in EOC (Both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PTPRG-AS1 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Heji Hospital Affiliated, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei-Bin Yang
- Heping Hospital Affiliated, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Teaching and Research Office of Embryology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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840
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Chen K, Niu Y, Wang S, Fu Z, Lin H, Lu J, Meng X, Yang B, Zhang H, Wu Y, Xia D, Lu W. Identification of a Novel Prognostic Classification Model in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Cluster Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6251-6259. [PMID: 32801870 PMCID: PMC7386816 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s251882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity plays an essential role in ovarian cancer. Patients with different clinical features may manifest diverse patterns in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to identify a novel ovarian cancer-classification model through cluster analysis and assess its significance in prognosis. Methods Among patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University between January 2014 and May 2019, 328 patients were included in a K-mean cluster analysis and 176 patients followed up. Major clinical indicators, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival in different subgroups were compared. Results Two clusters for ovarian cancer were identified and grouped as noninflammatory (n=247) and inflammatory subtypes (n=81). Compared with the noninflammatory subgroup, the inflammatory subgroup presented a statistically significantly higher level of median CRP (median (IQR) 20.4 [7.8-47.3] vs 1.2 [0.4-3.5], p<0.001), neutrophil percentage (median (IQR) 76.9 [72.6-81.3] vs 66.2 [61.0-72.0], p<0.001), leukocyte count (median (IQR) 8.9 [7.0-10.0] vs 6.0 [5.1-7.2], p<0.001), fibrinogen (median (IQR) 5.0 [4.4-6.0] vs 3.4 [2.9-3.9], p<0.001), and platelet count (median (IQR) 324 [270-405] vs 229 [181.5-269], p<0.001). During a median follow-up of 52 months, 21 participants (16.3%) died in the noninflammatory group, while 14 (29.8%) died in the inflammatory group (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.09-4.23; p=0.024). Death/recurrence was observed in 38 (29.5%) patients from the noninflammatory group and 25 (53.2%) from the inflammatory group (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.40-3.85; p<0.001). Conclusion Our study revealed a novel classification model of ovarian cancer that features inflammation. Inflammation predicts shorter survival and poorer prognosis, suggesting the significance of inflammation in the management of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelie Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuequn Niu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Fu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoying Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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841
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Yu XP, Liu Y, Jiao JW, Yang HJ, Wang RJ, Zhang S. Evaluation of Ovarian Tumors with Multidetector Computed Tomography and Tumor Markers: Differentiation of Stage I Serous Borderline Tumors and Stage I Serous Malignant Tumors Presenting as Solid-Cystic Mass. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924497. [PMID: 32801292 PMCID: PMC7450786 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) features and tumor markers for differentiating stage I serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOTs) from stage I serous malignant ovarian tumors (SMOTs). Material/Methods In total, 48 patients with stage I SBOTs and 54 patients with stage I SMOTs who underwent MDCT and tumor markers analysis were analyzed. MDCT features included location, shape, margins, texture, papillary projections, vascular abnormalities, size, and attenuation value. Tumor markers included serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). Parameters of clinical characteristic, MDCT features, and tumor markers were compared using a chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U tests. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to detect predictors for SMOTs. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the potential diagnostic value of the quantitative parameters. Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate interobserver reproducibility for MDCT features. Results Median ages between patients with SBOTs and SMOTs were significantly different. Compared with SBOTs, vascular abnormalities were significantly more common in SMOTs. CA125, HE4, the maximum thickness of the wall, the maximum thickness of the septa, and the maximum diameter of the solid portions were significantly higher in patients with SMOTs. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, vascular abnormalities, and the maximum diameter of the solid portion were independent factors of SMOTs. ROC analysis was used to assess the potential diagnostic value for predicting SMOTs. Moderate or good interobserver reproducibility for MDCT features were identified. Conclusions Age, vascular abnormalities, and the maximum diameter of the solid portion were independent factors for differentiating SBOTs from SMOTs. The combined analysis of age, vascular abnormalities, and the maximum diameter of the solid portion may allow better differentiation between SBOTs and SMOTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ping Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Civil Aviation Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jin-Wen Jiao
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Juan Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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842
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Sossey-Alaoui K. Perspectives on molecular signaling in cancer and update on therapeutic options for the treatment of metastatic cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:899. [PMID: 32793743 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2019-cm-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. (; )
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843
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Tew WP, Lacchetti C, Ellis A, Maxian K, Banerjee S, Bookman M, Jones MB, Lee JM, Lheureux S, Liu JF, Moore KN, Muller C, Rodriguez P, Walsh C, Westin SN, Kohn EC. PARP Inhibitors in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3468-3493. [PMID: 32790492 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide recommendations on the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) for management of epithelial ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC). METHODS Randomized, controlled, and open-labeled trials published from 2011 through 2020 were identified in a literature search. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence, US Food and Drug Administration approvals, and consensus when evidence was lacking. RESULTS The systematic review identified 17 eligible trials. RECOMMENDATIONS The guideline pertains to patients who are PARPi naïve. All patients with newly diagnosed, stage III-IV EOC whose disease is in complete or partial response to first-line, platinum-based chemotherapy with high-grade serous or endometrioid EOC should be offered PARPi maintenance therapy with niraparib. For patients with germline or somatic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1 (g/sBRCA1) or BRCA2 (g/sBRCA2) genes should be treated with olaparib. The addition of olaparib to bevacizumab may be offered to patients with stage III-IV EOC with g/sBRCA1/2 and/or genomic instability and a partial or complete response to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab combination. Maintenance therapy (second line or more) with single-agent PARPi may be offered for patients with EOC who have not received a PARPi and have responded to platinum-based therapy regardless of BRCA mutation status. Treatment with a PARPi should be offered to patients with recurrent EOC that has not recurred within 6 months of platinum-based therapy, who have not received a PARPi and have a g/sBRCA1/2, or whose tumor demonstrates genomic instability. PARPis are not recommended for use in combination with chemotherapy, other targeted agents, or immune-oncology agents in the recurrent setting outside the context of a clinical trial. Recommendations for managing specific adverse events are presented. Data to support reuse of PARPis in any setting are needed.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gynecologic-cancer-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Tew
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Annie Ellis
- SHARE Cancer Support, New York, NY.,Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance, New York, NY
| | | | - Susana Banerjee
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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844
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Penson RT, Lowe ES. Reply to E. Paulino et al. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:2698. [PMID: 32530766 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Penson
- Richard T. Penson MRCP, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Elizabeth S. Lowe ScM, MD, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Elizabeth S Lowe
- Richard T. Penson MRCP, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and Elizabeth S. Lowe ScM, MD, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD
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845
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Manzano A, Ocaña A. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Promising Novel Therapy for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082223. [PMID: 32784819 PMCID: PMC7464539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer patients. ADCs target antigens highly expressed on the membrane surface of tumor cells to selectively deliver a cytotoxic drug. Ovarian tumors differentially express tumor-specific antigens, which can be used to guide ADCs. This strategy allows for optimizing tumor targeting while minimizing systemic toxicity compared to classical chemotherapeutic agents. ADCs can be improved by using a cleavable linker allowing the delivery of the toxic payload in surrounding cells not expressing the target protein, therefore acting on heterogeneous tumors with different cell populations. Currently, more than 15 ADCs are under preclinical investigation in ovarian cancer, and some of them have already been tested in early-phase clinical trials with promising results. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action and the toxicity profile of ADCs and discuss the latest preclinical discoveries and forthcoming applications in ovarian cancer.
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846
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Modeling the Diversity of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer through Ten Novel Well Characterized Cell Lines Covering Multiple Subtypes of the Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082222. [PMID: 32784519 PMCID: PMC7465288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are amongst the most important pre-clinical models. In the context of epithelial ovarian cancer, a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse subtypes, it is paramount to study a wide panel of models in order to draw a representative picture of the disease. As this lethal gynaecological malignancy has seen little improvement in overall survival in the last decade, it is all the more pressing to support future research with robust and diverse study models. Here, we describe ten novel spontaneously immortalized patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines, detailing their respective mutational profiles and gene/biomarker expression patterns, as well as their in vitro and in vivo growth characteristics. Eight of the cell lines were classified as high-grade serous, while two were determined to be of the rarer mucinous and clear cell subtypes, respectively. Each of the ten cell lines presents a panel of characteristics reflective of diverse clinically relevant phenomena, including chemotherapeutic resistance, metastatic potential, and subtype-associated mutations and gene/protein expression profiles. Importantly, four cell lines formed subcutaneous tumors in mice, a key characteristic for pre-clinical drug testing. Our work thus contributes significantly to the available models for the study of ovarian cancer, supplying additional tools to better understand this complex disease.
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847
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Brain Metastases from Ovarian Cancer: Current Evidence in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082156. [PMID: 32759682 PMCID: PMC7464214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With this review, we provide the state of the art concerning brain metastases (BMs) from ovarian cancer (OC), a rare condition. Clinical, pathological, and molecular features, treatment options, and future perspectives are comprehensively discussed. Overall, a diagnosis of high-grade serous OC and an advanced disease stage are common features among patients who develop brain metastases. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, as well as the expression of androgen receptors in the primary tumor, are emerging risk and prognostic factors which could allow one to identify categories of patients at greater risk of BMs, who could benefit from a tailored follow-up. Based on present data, a multidisciplinary approach combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy seem to be the best approach for patients with good performance status, although the median overall survival (<1 year) remains largely disappointing. Hopefully, novel therapeutic avenues are being explored, like PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy, based on our improved knowledge regarding tumor biology, but further investigation is warranted.
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848
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MR image-based radiomics to differentiate type Ι and type ΙΙ epithelial ovarian cancers. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:403-410. [PMID: 32743768 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) can be divided into type I and type II according to etiology and prognosis. Accurate subtype differentiation can substantially impact patient management. In this study, we aimed to construct an MR image-based radiomics model to differentiate between type I and type II EOC. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective study, a total of 294 EOC patients from January 2010 to February 2019 were enrolled. Quantitative MR imaging features were extracted from the following axial sequences: T2WI FS, DWI, ADC, and CE-T1WI. A combined model was constructed based on the combination of these four MR sequences. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by ROC-AUC. In addition, an occlusion test was carried out to identify the most critical region for EOC differentiation. RESULTS The combined radiomics model exhibited superior diagnostic capability over all four single-parametric radiomics models, both in internal and external validation cohorts (AUC of 0.806 and 0.847, respectively). The occlusion test revealed that the most critical region for differential diagnosis was the border zone between the solid and cystic components, or the less compact areas of solid component on direct visual inspection. CONCLUSIONS MR image-based radiomics modeling can differentiate between type I and type II EOC and identify the most critical region for differential diagnosis. KEY POINTS • Combined radiomics models exhibited superior diagnostic capability over all four single-parametric radiomics models, both in internal and external validation cohorts (AUC of 0.834 and 0.847, respectively). • The occlusion test revealed that the most crucial region for differentiating type Ι and type ΙΙ EOC was the border zone between the solid and cystic components, or the less compact areas of solid component on direct visual inspection on T2WI FS. • The light-combined model (constructed by T2WI FS, DWI, and ADC sequences) can be used for patients who are not suitable for contrast agent use.
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849
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McMullen M, Madariaga A, Lheureux S. New approaches for targeting platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 77:167-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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850
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Morales-Vásquez F, Castillo-Sánchez R, Gómora MJ, Almaraz MÁ, Pedernera E, Pérez-Montiel D, Rendón E, López-Basave HN, Román-Basaure E, Cuevas-Covarrubias S, Maldonado-Cubas J, Villa A, Mendez C. Expression of metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 is associated to the presence of androgen receptor in epithelial ovarian tumors. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32718331 PMCID: PMC7385964 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in epithelial cells and the surrounding stroma in ovarian tumors and the association of MMPs with the histological subtypes, the clinical stage and the presence of steroid hormone receptors. Tumor samples were obtained from 88 patients undergoing surgical cytoreduction of primary ovarian tumors in Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, from México City. The formalin fixed and paraffin embedded samples were processed in order to demonstrate the presence of androgen receptor,estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, MMP-2,MMP-9 and collagen IV by immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescence. RESULTS MMP-2 and MMP-9 were differentially expressed in the epithelium and the stroma of ovarian tumors associated to histological subtype, clinical stage and sexual steroid hormone receptor expression. Based on Cox proportional hazard regression model we demonstrated that MMP-2 located in the epithelium and the stroma are independent prognostic biomarkers for overall survival in epithelial ovarian tumors. Kaplan Meir analysis of the combination of AR (+) with MMP-2 (+) in epithelium and AR (+) with MMP-2 (-) in stroma displayed a significant reduction of survival. CONCLUSIONS The presence of MMP-2 in the stroma of the tumor was a protective factor while the presence of MMP-2 in the epithelium indicated an adverse prognosis. The presence of AR associated with MMP-2 in the tumor cells was a risk factor for overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Morales-Vásquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rocío Castillo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María J. Gómora
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad La Salle, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Almaraz
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Pedernera
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Delia Pérez-Montiel
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Rendón
- Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología. Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Juan Maldonado-Cubas
- Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología. Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Villa
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Mendez
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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