9001
|
Bogado RFE, Pezuk JA, de Oliveira HF, Tone LG, Brassesco MS. BI 6727 and GSK461364 suppress growth and radiosensitize osteosarcoma cells, but show limited cytotoxic effects when combined with conventional treatments. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:56-63. [PMID: 25089571 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a key regulator of mitosis, is often overexpressed in childhood cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Previous reports have shown that inhibition of PLK1 might serve as a promising anticancer treatment for osteosarcoma. In this study, we tested the second-generation PLK1 inhibitors BI 6727 and GSK461364 in HOS and MG-63 cell lines, both as a single agent and in combination with methotrexate, cisplatin, vinblastine, doxorubicin, or ionizing radiation. Both PLK1 inhibitors worked equally in terms of cell growth arrest, apoptosis induction, and radiosensitization. Combining BI 6727 or GSK461364 with conventional treatments, however, showed trivial synergistic antitumor effects in vitro. Our results reinforce the potential use of PLK1 inhibitors for a pharmacologic intervention in osteosarcoma, although their applicability in polychemotherapeutic regimens deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F E Bogado
- aFaculty of Exact, Chemical and Natural Sciences, University of Misiones, Argentina Departments of bGenetics cClinics dPediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine eDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9002
|
Gjertsen BT, Schöffski P. Discovery and development of the Polo-like kinase inhibitor volasertib in cancer therapy. Leukemia 2015; 29:11-9. [PMID: 25027517 PMCID: PMC4335352 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their integral involvement in cell cycle regulation, the Polo-like kinase (Plk) family, particularly Plk1, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in oncology. In recent years, several Plk1 inhibitors have been developed, with some agents showing encouraging results in early-phase clinical trials. This review focuses on volasertib (BI 6727; an investigational agent), a potent and selective Plk inhibitor. Volasertib has shown promising activity in various cancer cell lines and xenograft models of human cancer. Trials performed to date suggest that volasertib has clinical efficacy in a range of malignancies, with the most promising results seen in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Encouragingly, recent phase II data have demonstrated that volasertib combined with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) was associated with higher response rates and improved event-free survival than LDAC alone in patients with previously untreated AML. Based on these observations, and its presumably manageable safety profile, volasertib is currently in phase III development as a potential treatment for patients with AML who are ineligible for intensive remission induction therapy. Given that many patients with AML are of an older age and frail, this constitutes an area of major unmet need. In this review, we discuss the biologic rationale for Plk1 inhibitors in cancer, the clinical development of volasertib to date in solid tumors and AML, and the future identification of biomarkers that might predict response to volasertib and help determine the role of this agent in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B T Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9003
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been an increased and renewed interest in metabolic therapy for cancer, particularly Arg deprivation. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies that focus on Arg-dependent malignancies with Arginine (Arg)-degrading enzymes, including arginase and Arg deiminase. RECENT FINDINGS New developments in this area include understanding of the role of most significantly downregulated gene regulating amino acid metabolism, argininosuccinate synthetase and its expression and therapeutic relevance in different tumors. Recent studies have also shed light on the mechanism of tumor cell death with Arg deprivation, with arginase and pegylated Arg deiminase. Particularly important is understanding the mechanism of resistance that cancers develop after such drug exposure. Finally, recent clinical trials have been performed or are ongoing to use Arg deprivation as treatment for advanced malignancies. SUMMARY Arg deprivation is a promising approach for the treatment of various malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn G Feun
- aSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida bDepartment of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas cSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9004
|
Valianou M, Cox AM, Pichette B, Hartley S, Paladhi UR, Astrinidis A. Pharmacological inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) by BI-2536 decreases the viability and survival of hamartin and tuberin deficient cells via induction of apoptosis and attenuation of autophagy. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:399-407. [PMID: 25565629 PMCID: PMC4353234 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.986394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) increases translation, cell size and angiogenesis, and inhibits autophagy. mTORC1 is negatively regulated by hamartin and tuberin, the protein products of the tumor suppressors TSC1 and TSC2 that are mutated in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and sporadic Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Hamartin interacts with the centrosomal and mitotic kinase polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Hamartin and tuberin deficient cells have abnormalities in centrosome duplication, mitotic progression, and cytokinesis, suggesting that the hamartin/tuberin heterodimer and mTORC1 signaling are involved in centrosome biology and mitosis. Here we report that PLK1 protein levels are increased in hamartin and tuberin deficient cells and LAM patient-derived specimens, and that this increase is rapamycin-sensitive. Pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 by the small-molecule inhibitor BI-2536 significantly decreased the viability and clonogenic survival of hamartin and tuberin deficient cells, which was associated with increased apoptosis. BI-2536 increased p62, LC3B-I and GFP-LC3 punctae, and inhibited HBSS-induced degradation of p62, suggesting that PLK1 inhibition attenuates autophagy. Finally, PLK1 inhibition repressed the expression and protein levels of key autophagy genes and proteins and the protein levels of Bcl(-)2 family members, suggesting that PLK1 regulates both autophagic and apoptotic responses. Taken together, our data point toward a previously unrecognized role of PLK1 on the survival of cells with mTORC1 hyperactivation, and the potential use of PLK1 inhibitors as novel therapeutics for tumors with dysregulated mTORC1 signaling, including TSC and LAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthildi Valianou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Andrew M Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Benjamin Pichette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Shannon Hartley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Unmesha Roy Paladhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology; Drexel University College of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA
USA
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry; Department
of Medicine; School of Health Sciences; University of Ioannina,
Greece
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and
Biotechnology; School of Pharmacy; Texas Tech University Health Sciences
Center; Abilene, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
9005
|
Fridlender M, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Plant derived substances with anti-cancer activity: from folklore to practice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:799. [PMID: 26483815 PMCID: PMC4589652 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have had an essential role in the folklore of ancient cultures. In addition to the use as food and spices, plants have also been utilized as medicines for over 5000 years. It is estimated that 70-95% of the population in developing countries continues to use traditional medicines even today. A new trend, that involved the isolation of plant active compounds begun during the early nineteenth century. This trend led to the discovery of different active compounds that are derived from plants. In the last decades, more and more new materials derived from plants have been authorized and subscribed as medicines, including those with anti-cancer activity. Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The number of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next two decades. Thus, there is a real need for new efficient anti-cancer drugs with reduced side effects, and plants are a promising source for such entities. Here we focus on some plant-derived substances exhibiting anti-cancer and chemoprevention activity, their mode of action and bioavailability. These include paclitaxel, curcumin, and cannabinoids. In addition, development and use of their synthetic analogs, and those of strigolactones, are discussed. Also discussed are commercial considerations and future prospects for development of plant derived substances with anti-cancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hinanit Koltai
- *Correspondence: Hinanit Koltai, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, POB6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel,
| |
Collapse
|
9006
|
Bowers LW, Rossi EL, O’Flanagan CH, deGraffenried LA, Hursting SD. The Role of the Insulin/IGF System in Cancer: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials and the Energy Balance-Cancer Link. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:77. [PMID: 26029167 PMCID: PMC4432799 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a key role in the development and progression of several types of cancer. Insulin/IGF signaling, in cooperation with chronic low-grade inflammation, is also an important contributor to the cancer-promoting effects of obesity. However, clinical trials for drugs targeting different components of this system have produced largely disappointing results, possibly due to the lack of predictive biomarker use and problems with the design of combination therapy regimens. With careful attention to the identification of likely patient responders and optimal drug combinations, the outcome of future trials may be improved. Given that insulin/IGF signaling is known to contribute to obesity-associated cancer, further investigation regarding the efficacy of drugs targeting this system and its downstream effectors in the obese patient population is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily L. Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ciara H. O’Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- *Correspondence: Stephen D. Hursting, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
9007
|
Zimmer AS, Steeg PS. Meaningful prevention of breast cancer metastasis: candidate therapeutics, preclinical validation, and clinical trial concerns. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:13-29. [PMID: 25412774 PMCID: PMC6545582 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of drugs to treat breast and other cancers proceeds through phase I dose finding, phase II efficacy, and phase III comparative studies in the metastatic setting, only then asking if metastasis can be prevented in adjuvant trials. Compounds without overt cytotoxic activity, such as those developed to inhibit metastatic colonization, will likely fail to shrink established lesions in the metastatic setting and never be tested in a metastasis prevention scenario where they were preclinically validated. We and others have proposed phase II primary and secondary metastasis prevention studies to address this need. Herein, we have asked whether preclinical metastasis prevention data agrees with the positive adjuvant setting trials. The data are limited but complimentary. We also review fundamental pathways involved in metastasis, including Src, integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and fibrosis, for their clinical progress to date and potential for metastasis prevention. Issues of inadequate preclinical validation and clinical toxicity profiles are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Zimmer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
9008
|
Abbasi-Kenarsari H, Shafaghat F, Baradaran B, Movassaghpour AA, Shanehbandi D, Kazemi T. Cloning and Expression of CD19, a Human B-Cell Marker in NIH-3T3 Cell Line. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2015; 7:39-44. [PMID: 25926951 PMCID: PMC4388889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD19 is a pan B cell marker that is recognized as an attractive target for antibody-based therapy of B-cell disorders including autoimmune disease and hematological malignancies. The object of this study was to stably express the human CD19 antigen in the murine NIH-3T3 cell line aimed to be used as an immunogen in our future study. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from Raji cells in which high expression of CD19 was confirmed by flow cytometry. Synthesized cDNA was used for CD19 gene amplification by conventional PCR method using Pfu DNA polymerase. PCR product was ligated to pGEM-T Easy vector and ligation mixture was transformed to DH5α competent bacteria. After blue/white selection, one positive white colony was subjected to plasmid extraction and direct sequencing. Then, CD19 cDNA was sub-cloned into pCMV6-Neo expression vector by double digestion using KpnI and HindIII enzymes. NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line was subsequently transfected by the construct using Jet-PEI transfection reagent. After 48 hours, surface expression of CD19 was confirmed by flow cytometry and stably transfected cells were selected by G418 antibiotic. RESULTS Amplification of CD19 cDNA gave rise to 1701 bp amplicon confirmed by alignment to reference sequence in NCBI database. Flow cytometric analysis showed successful transient and stable expression of CD19 on NIH-3T3 cells (29 and 93%, respectively). CONCLUSION Stable cell surface expression of human CD19 antigen in a murine NIH-3T3 cell line may develop a proper immunogene which raises specific anti-CD19 antibody production in the mice immunized sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Abbasi-Kenarsari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shafaghat
- Department of Immunology, International Branch of Aras, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding author: Tohid Kazemi, Ph.D., Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Tel: +98 411 3364665. Fax: +98 411 3364665. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9009
|
Gamonet C, Bole-Richard E, Delherme A, Aubin F, Toussirot E, Garnache-Ottou F, Godet Y, Ysebaert L, Tournilhac O, Dartigeas C, Larosa F, Deconinck E, Saas P, Borg C, Deschamps M, Ferrand C. Erratum to: New CD20 alternative splice variants: molecular identification and differential expression within hematological B cell malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2015; 5:10. [PMID: 27081577 PMCID: PMC4831155 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gamonet
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Bole-Richard
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Aurélia Delherme
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - François Aubin
- EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Eric Toussirot
- EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France ; CHRU, Department of Rheumatology, Université de Franche-Comté EA 4266, INSERM CIC-1431, 25000 Besançon, France ; EA 4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Francine Garnache-Ottou
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Godet
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Inserm U1037, Université Toulouse 3-ERL CNRS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- Hématologie Clinique, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Fabrice Larosa
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; Hematology Department, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Deconinck
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France ; Hematology Department, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; EA3181 et Service de Dermatologie, Université de Franche Comté, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- INSERM UMR1098, Établissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, SFR FED4234, 25020 Besançon, France ; Laboratoire de Thérapeutique Immuno-Moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, INSERM UMR1098, Etablissement Français du Sang-Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 8, rue du Docteur Jean-François-Xavier Girod, 25020 Besançon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
9010
|
Naddafi F, Davami F. Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibodies: a New Approach to Lymphoma Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2015; 4:143-51. [PMID: 26629482 PMCID: PMC4644525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CD19 is expressed on B- lineage cells and follicular dendritic cells and plays a key role in B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Thus, it has been considered as potential target for several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). For decades, chemotherapy has been known as one of the major antitumor therapies eradicating high proliferative tumor cells. But, anti- CD19 mAbs developed for treating CD19- positive lymphomas and autoimmune diseases would rank among the most novel area of research and development in the pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, several anti- CD19 mAbs are currently being tested in various clinical trials and this review provides an overview of the research accomplished so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Naddafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9011
|
Edwardson DW, Narendrula R, Chewchuk S, Mispel-Beyer K, Mapletoft JPJ, Parissenti AM. Role of Drug Metabolism in the Cytotoxicity and Clinical Efficacy of Anthracyclines. Curr Drug Metab 2015; 16:412-26. [PMID: 26321196 PMCID: PMC5398089 DOI: 10.2174/1389200216888150915112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical studies involving anti-tumor agents neglect to consider how these agents are metabolized within the host and whether the creation of specific metabolites alters drug therapeutic properties or toxic side effects. However, this is not the case for the anthracycline class of chemotherapy drugs. This review describes the various enzymes involved in the one electron (semi-quinone) or two electron (hydroxylation) reduction of anthracyclines, or in their reductive deglycosidation into deoxyaglycones. The effects of these reductions on drug antitumor efficacy and toxic side effects are also discussed. Current evidence suggests that the one electron reduction of anthracyclines augments both their tumor toxicity and their toxicity towards the host, in particular their cardiotoxicity. In contrast, the two electron reduction (hydroxylation) of anthracyclines strongly reduces their ability to kill tumor cells, while augmenting cardiotoxicity through their accumulation within cardiomyocytes and their direct effects on excitation/contraction coupling within the myocytes. The reductive deglycosidation of anthracyclines appears to inactivate the drug and only occurs under rare, anaerobic conditions. This knowledge has resulted in the identification of important new approaches to improve the therapeutic index of anthracyclines, in particular by inhibiting their cardiotoxicity. The true utility of these approaches in the management of cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains unclear, although one such agent (the iron chelator dexrazoxane) has recently been approved for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amadeo M Parissenti
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9012
|
Busemann C, Klein S, Schmidt CA, Evert M, Dölken G, Krüger WH. Treatment of High-Risk T-NHL with Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014; 31:14-20. [PMID: 25548439 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of peripheral and other advanced T cell lymphomas is poor. 20 patients with a median age of 46.4 (range 20.5-64.1) years were treated with autoSCT (n = 6) or alloSCT (n = 14) from 1996 to 2013. All patients were at high risk either due to the IPI-score or to the fact that SCT was part of a salvage therapy. Conditioning prior to alloSCT was myeloablative in seven cases (50 %). The patients were pretreated with 8.5 (median, range 2-38) cycles of chemotherapy. Ten patients are alive in CR after a median follow-up of 1.3 years (range 0.1-13.3). OS was 53 % after one and 40 % after 10 years. Best survival was reached after related alloSCT (80 % at 10 years) compared to other modalities. GvHD did not influence survival. AlloSCT from related donors can cure patients from T-cell lymphomas. Unrelated alloSCT or high-dose therapy and autoSCT are an option for patients without a familiar donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Busemann
- Department of Internal Medicine C (Haematology and Oncology, Marrow Transplantation), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine C (Haematology and Oncology, Marrow Transplantation), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Andreas Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine C (Haematology and Oncology, Marrow Transplantation), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute for Pathology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gottfried Dölken
- Department of Internal Medicine C (Haematology and Oncology, Marrow Transplantation), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - William H Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine C (Haematology and Oncology, Marrow Transplantation), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9013
|
The potential of liposomes with carbonic anhydrase IX to deliver anticancer ingredients to cancer cells in vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:230-55. [PMID: 25547490 PMCID: PMC4307245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery nanocarriers, especially targeted drug delivery by liposomes are emerging as a class of therapeutics for cancer. Early research results suggest that liposomal therapeutics enhanced efficacy, while simultaneously reducing side effects, owing to properties such as more targeted localization in tumors and active cellular uptake. Here, we highlight the features of immunoliposomes that distinguish them from previous anticancer therapies, and describe how these features provide the potential for therapeutic effects that are not achievable with other modalities. While a large number of studies has been published, the emphasis here is placed on the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) and the conjugated liposomes that are likely to open a new chapter on drug delivery system by using immunoliposomes to deliver anticancer ingredients to cancer cells in vivo.
Collapse
|
9014
|
Udensi UK, Tchounwou PB. Dual effect of oxidative stress on leukemia cancer induction and treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33:106. [PMID: 25519934 PMCID: PMC4320640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a biological system's ability to repair oxidative damage or to neutralize the reactive intermediates including peroxides and free radicals. High ROS production has been associated with significant decrease in antioxidant defense mechanisms leading to protein, lipid and DNA damage and subsequent disruption of cellular functions. In humans, OS has been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, as well as atherosclerosis, autism, cancer, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Although OS has been linked to the etiology and development of chronic diseases, many chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to exert their biologic activity through induction of OS in affected cells. This review highlights the controversial role of OS in the development and progression of leukemia cancer and the therapeutic application of increased OS and antioxidant approaches to the treatment of leukemia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udensi K Udensi
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- NIH/NIMHD RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9015
|
Ma L, Hao S, Diong C, Goh YT, Gopalakrishnan S, Ho A, Hwang W, Koh LP, Koh M, Lim ZY, Loh Y, Poon M, Tan LK, Tan P, Linn YC. WPSS is a strong prognostic indicator for clinical outcome of allogeneic transplant for myelodysplastic syndrome in Southeast Asian patients. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:761-9. [PMID: 25519475 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the predictive factors and improve clinical outcome of allogeneic transplant for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we retrospectively analyzed the post-transplant outcome of 60 Southeast Asian patients with MDS. Multivariate analysis showed that WHO classification-based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS) significantly affect overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality (CINRM). Stratified by WPSS into very low/low, intermediate, high, and very high-risk categories, 3-year OS was 100, 61, 37, and 18% (p = 0.02); PFS was 100, 55, 32, and 18% (p = 0.014); CIR was 12, 24, 38, and 59% (p = 0.024); CINRM was 0, 6, 12, and 26% (p = 0.037), respectively. WHO classification, Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), IPSS-R-defined cytogenetic risk groups, donor gender, and acute and chronic graft vs host disease (GVHD) also influenced different aspects of transplant outcome. We found that WPSS is a powerful predictor of post-transplant outcome. WPSS provides an important model not only for prognostication but also for exploration of further post-transplant measures such as immunological maneuvers or novel therapy to improve the poor outcome of high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Ma
- Division of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9016
|
Vandeven N, Nghiem P. Pathogen-driven cancers and emerging immune therapeutic strategies. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:9-14. [PMID: 24778160 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infectious agents play an etiologic role in approximately 20% of cancer cases worldwide. Eleven pathogens (seven viruses, three parasites, and one bacterium) are known to contribute to oncogenesis either directly via the expression of their protein products or indirectly via chronic inflammation. Although prevention of infection and antimicrobial treatments have helped in reducing infection rates and the incidence of associated malignancies, therapies for these cancers remain limited. The importance of immune control over malignant progression is highlighted by the fact that many cancers, particularly those induced by pathogens, occur more frequently among immunosuppressed patients as compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that can elicit a robust immune response and restore tumor detection may be a beneficial approach for treating these cancers. In addition, the study of immune escape mechanisms used by pathogens and their associated cancers may provide insight into the mechanisms of malignant transformation and improved therapies for cancer more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Vandeven
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Dermatology/Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | |
Collapse
|
9017
|
Liao Z, Zhou L, Wang C, He Z, Wang X, Luo X, Chen S, Yang L, Tan H, Li Y. Characteristics of TCRζ, ZAP-70, and FcɛRIγ gene expression in patients with T- and NK/T-cell lymphoma. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 34:201-7. [PMID: 25513989 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of key signaling molecules and defective T-cell function play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T-cell immunodeficiency in hematological malignancies. To understand the molecular basis of T-cell signaling abnormalities and TCRζ chain deficiencies in T- and NK/T-cell lymphoma, the expression level of the TCRζ, ZAP-70, and FcɛRIγ genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 patients with T-cell lymphoma, 16 patients with NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/T-CL), and 26 healthy individuals was determined. In addition, their relationship with disease stage and TCRζ 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) splice variants was analyzed in this study. The expression level of all three genes was significantly altered with disease progression, and a decreasing trend was found in patients compared with healthy controls. TCRζ and ZAP-70 were significantly positively related in all samples, and a negative relationship between TCRζ and FcɛRIγ was significantly lost in NK/T-CL patients. Moreover, distinct expression patterns were defined for patient groups with different TCRζ 3'UTR isoforms. In conclusion, a lower expression pattern for all three genes may indicate a weaker immune status based on reduced TCRζ and ZAP-70 expression without the complementary effects of FcɛRIγ, while aberrant TCRζ 3'UTR splicing may contribute to T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling regulation in T cells from patients with T- and NK/T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liao
- 1 Institute of Hematology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9018
|
Adema AD, Floor K, Smid K, Honeywell RJ, Scheffer GL, Jansen G, Peters GJ. Overexpression of MRP4 (ABCC4) and MRP5 (ABCC5) confer resistance to the nucleoside analogs cytarabine and troxacitabine, but not gemcitabine. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:732. [PMID: 25674464 PMCID: PMC4320143 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether the multidrug-resistance-proteins MRP4 (ABCC4) and MRP5 (ABCC5) confer resistance to the antimetabolites cytarabine (Ara-C), gemcitabine (GEM), and the L-nucleoside analog troxacitabine. For this purpose we used HEK293 and the transfected HEK/MRP4 (59-fold increased MRP4) or HEK/MRP5i (991-fold increased MRP5) as model systems and tested the cells for drug sensitivity using a proliferation test. Drug accumulation was performed by using radioactive Ara-C, and for GEM and troxacitabine with HPLC with tandem-MS or UV detection. At 4-hr exposure HEK/MRP4 cells were 2-4-fold resistant to troxacitabine, ara-C and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), and HEK/MRP5i to ara-C and PMEA, but none to GEM. The inhibitors probenecid and indomethacin reversed resistance. After 4-hr exposure ara-C-nucleotides were 2-3-fold lower in MRP4/5 cells, in which they decreased more rapidly after washing with drug-free medium (DFM). Trocacitabine accumulation was similar in the 3 cell lines, but after the DFM period troxacitabine decreased 2-4-fold faster in MRP4/5 cells. Troxacitabine-nucleotides were about 25% lower in MRP4/5 cells and decreased rapidly in MRP4, but not in MRP5 cells. Accumulation of GEM-nucleotides was higher in the MRP4/5 cells. In conclusion: MRP4 and MRP5 overexpression confer resistance to troxacitabine and ara-C, but not to GEM, which was associated with a rapid decline of the ara-C and troxacitabine-nucleotides in HEK/MRP4-5 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auke D Adema
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karijn Floor
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Honeywell
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George L Scheffer
- Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9019
|
Simultaneous downregulation of KLF5 and Fli1 is a key feature underlying systemic sclerosis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5797. [PMID: 25504335 PMCID: PMC4268882 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is manifested by fibrosis, vasculopathy and immune dysregulation. So far, a unifying hypothesis underpinning these pathological events remains unknown. Given that SSc is a multifactorial disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors, we focus on the two transcription factors, which modulate the fibrotic reaction and are epigenetically suppressed in SSc dermal fibroblasts, Friend leukemia integration 1 (Fli1) and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). In addition to Fli1 silencing-dependent collagen induction, simultaneous knockdown of Fli1 and KLF5 synergistically enhances expression of connective tissue growth factor. Notably, mice with double heterozygous deficiency of Klf5 and Fli1 mimicking the epigenetic phenotype of SSc skin spontaneously recapitulate all the three features of SSc, including fibrosis and vasculopathy of the skin and lung, B cell activation, and autoantibody production. These studies implicate the epigenetic downregulation of Fli1 and KLF5 as a central event triggering the pathogenic triad of SSc.
Collapse
|
9020
|
Li B, Gale RP, Xiao Z. Molecular genetics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:93. [PMID: 25498990 PMCID: PMC4266232 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the 2008 World Health Organization classification, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia are rare diseases. The remarkable progress in our understanding of the molecular genetics of myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms has made it clear that there are some specific genetic abnormalities in these 3 rare diseases. At the same time, there is considerable overlap among these disorders at the molecular level. The various combinations of genetic abnormalities indicate a multi-step pathogenesis, which likely contributes to the marked clinical heterogeneity of these disorders. This review focuses on the current knowledge and challenges related to the molecular pathogenesis of chronic neutrophilic leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia and relationships between molecular findings, clinical features and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhijian Xiao
- MDS and MPN Centre, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9021
|
Astigarraga I. [Advances and challenges in the fight against childhood cancer]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 82:57-8. [PMID: 25499910 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Astigarraga
- Servicio de Pediatría, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España.
| |
Collapse
|
9022
|
Kaur I, Constance JE, Kosak KM, Spigarelli MG, Sherwin CMT. An extensive pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicological review of elderly patients under intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 11:53-65. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.972934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imit Kaur
- 1University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ;
| | - Jonathan E Constance
- 1University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ;
| | - Ken M Kosak
- 2University of Utah, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael G Spigarelli
- 1University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ;
| | - Catherine MT Sherwin
- 1University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA ;
| |
Collapse
|
9023
|
Cao C, Liu B, Zeng C, Lu Y, Chen S, Yang L, Li B, Li Y, Li Y. A polymethoxyflavone from Laggera pterodonta induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant K562R cells via activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:137. [PMID: 25530716 PMCID: PMC4272561 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment with imatinib mesylate (IM) (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) is the first line of standard care for patients newly diagnosed with CML. Despite the success of IM and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains largely incurable, and a number of CML patients die due to Abl mutation-related drug resistance and blast crisis. 3, 5-Dihydroxy-6, 7, 3′4′-tetramethoxyflavone (DHTMF) is a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Laggera pterodonta which is a herbal medicine used to treat cancer in the Chinese folk. In the previous study, we found DHTMF demonstrated good antiproliferative activities against a number of cancer cell lines and induced the apoptosis of CNE cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner while exhibiting low cytotoxicity in the two normal cell lines Vero and EVC304. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by DHTMF alone and in combination with IM in the IM-resistant CML cell line K562R. Methods Cell proliferation was assayed with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) method. The apoptosis percentage was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was detected using FCM and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The level of proteins involved in apoptosis was detected by Western blotting. Results DHTMF suppressed K562R cell viability in both time- and dose-dependent manners. DHTMF combined with IM enhanced the inhibitory effects and apoptosis in K562R cells as compared with DHTMF alone. DHTMF alone and in combination with IM significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the levels of cleaved caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, and PARP in K562R cells. Conclusions We demonstrated that DHTMF could inhibit IM-resistant K562R cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These results suggest that DHTMF may be a potential therapeutic drug with lower side effects against IM resistance in CML cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changshu Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ; Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Bailian Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| |
Collapse
|
9024
|
Nowakowski GS, Ansell SM. Therapeutic targeting of microenvironment in follicular lymphoma. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:169-173. [PMID: 25696851 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune and nonimmune microenvironmental factors play a critical role in the progression, transformation, and resistance to therapy in follicular lymphoma (FL). A recent increase in our understanding of the role of microenvironment in FL biology has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the nonimmune and immune microenvironment. These include immunomodulatory drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immnunoconjugates, and small-molecule inhibitors with an impact on the microenvironment in addition to direct antitumor activity. These agents are now at different stages of clinical development, ranging from early clinical trials in relapsed disease to phase 3 studies in the upfront setting, including combinations with other agents such as monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy. It is important to recognize that, although the current upfront therapy of FL is associated with favorable outcomes in the majority of patients, a significant proportion experience early disease progression and develop treatment resistance and transformation to aggressive lymphoma. Although the development of "chemo-free" combinations using drugs targeting the microenvironment offers a promising approach to minimize toxicity, the identification of patients at risk of relapse and the use of biomarkers allowing the personalization of therapy will likely play a major role in the development of maintenance strategies. Against this landscape of currently available therapy options, this chapter discusses the clinical status of therapies targeting the microenvironment in FL.
Collapse
|
9025
|
Elyamany G, Alzahrani AM, Bukhary E. Cancer-associated thrombosis: an overview. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2014; 8:129-37. [PMID: 25520567 PMCID: PMC4259501 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s18991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with malignant disease. Emerging data have enhanced our understanding of cancer-associated thrombosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. In addition to VTE, arterial occlusion with stroke and anginal symptoms is relatively common among cancer patients, and is possibly related to genetic predisposition. Several risk factors for developing venous thrombosis usually coexist in cancer patients including surgery, hospital admissions and immobilization, the presence of an indwelling central catheter, chemotherapy, use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and new molecular-targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic agents. Effective prophylaxis and treatment of VTE reduced morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is preferred as an effective and safe means for prophylaxis and treatment of VTE. It has largely replaced unfractionated heparin (UFH) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Recently, the development of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that directly inhibit factor Xa or thrombin is a milestone achievement in the prevention and treatment of VTE. This review will focus on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated thrombosis, risk factors, and new predictive biomarkers for VTE as well as discuss novel prevention and management regimens of VTE in cancer according to published guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Elyamany
- Department of Hematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mattar Alzahrani
- Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Bukhary
- Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9026
|
Maleki M, Ghanbarvand F, Reza Behvarz M, Ejtemaei M, Ghadirkhomi E. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cell markers in multiple human adult stem cells. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 7:118-26. [PMID: 25473449 PMCID: PMC4249894 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2014.7.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which identified by adherence to plastic, expression of cell surface markers including CD44, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD166, and Stro-1, lack of the expression of hematopoietic markers, no immunogenic effect and replacement of damaged tissues. These properties led to development of progressive methods to isolation and characterization of MSCs from various sources for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. METHODS We isolated MSC-like cells from testis biopsies, ovary, hair follicle and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly and investigated the expression of specific cell surface antigens using flow cytometry in order to verify stemness properties of these cells. RESULTS All four cell types adhered to plastic culture flask a few days after primary culture. All our cells positively expressed common MSC- specific cell surface markers. Moreover, our results revealed the expression of CD19and CD45 antigens in these cells. CONCLUSION According to our results, high expression of CD44 in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs),granulosa cells (GCs)and Wharton's jelly- MSCs (WJ-MSCs)may help them to maintain stemness properties. Furthermore, we suggest that CD105+SSCs, HFSCs and WJ-MSCs revealed the osteogenic potential of these cells. Moreover, high expression of CD90 in SSCs and HFSCs may associate to higher growth and differentiation potential of these cells. Further, the presence of CD19 on SSCs and GCs may help them to efficiency in response to trans-membrane signals. Thus, these four types of MSCs may be useful in clinical applications and cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Maleki
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran ; Stem Cell Research Lab, Azarbaijan ART Centre, ACECR East Azarbaijan Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghanbarvand
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Azarbaijan ART Centre, ACECR East Azarbaijan Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehri Ejtemaei
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadirkhomi
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9027
|
Dessart P, Lemaire P, Le Dû K, Sandrini J, Prophette B, Maillard H. [T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: potential diagnostic pitfalls]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014; 141:777-81. [PMID: 25433931 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sezary syndrome (SS) presents clinically as erythroderma, which may be pigmented, and pruritic, associated with peripheral lymphadenopathies. Erythroderma may also occur in a broad range of reactive and malignant conditions including T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). We report a case initially diagnosed as SS but ultimately diagnosed as T-PLL based upon skin involvement. CASE REPORT A 70-year-old man was referred by his hematologist for management of SS. Physical examination revealed lymphadenopathies and mild diffuse erythema without infiltration. His WBC count was elevated at 8.3 G/L. A peripheral blood smear showed Sezary-like cells. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood revealed prolymphocytic T-cells staining positively for CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD7. Cytogenetic studies showed chromosomal abnormalities in terms of number and structure with missing chromosomes 6 and13, as well as deletion of chromosome 17. Finally, a diagnosis of T-PLL was made. Pentostatin was initiated pending treatment with alemtuzumab, but the patient's overall condition deteriorated rapidly and he died 10 days later. DISCUSSION Diagnosis of LPLT is based upon a number of factors. In the case presented herein, the clinically atypical nature of the skin lesions prompted the dermatologist to review the diagnosis. The morphology of the circulating T-lymphocytes and their immunologic and phenotypic characteristics finally ruled out the diagnosis of Sezary syndrome, while their association with compatible cytogenetic anomalies enabled a diagnosis of prolymphocytic leukemia to be made instead. CONCLUSION Prolymphocytic leukemia involves complex differential diagnosis with regard to Sezary syndrome, posing potential pitfalls for hematologists and dermatologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dessart
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - P Lemaire
- Laboratoire d'hématologie-hémostase, centre hospitalier, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - K Le Dû
- Service d'hématologie, centre Jean-Bernard, 9, rue Beauverger, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - J Sandrini
- Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, centre hospitalier, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - B Prophette
- Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, centre hospitalier, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - H Maillard
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9028
|
Sero V, Tavanti E, Vella S, Hattinger CM, Fanelli M, Michelacci F, Versteeg R, Valsasina B, Gudeman B, Picci P, Serra M. Targeting polo-like kinase 1 by NMS-P937 in osteosarcoma cell lines inhibits tumor cell growth and partially overcomes drug resistance. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:1167-80. [PMID: 25193492 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has emerged as a prognostic factor in various neoplasms, but only scarce data have been reported for high-grade osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we assessed PLK1 expression and the efficacy of PLK1 inhibitor NMS-P937 in OS. METHODS PLK1 expression was assessed on 21 OS clinical samples and on a panel of human OS cell lines. In vitro efficacy of NMS-P937 was evaluated on nine drug-sensitive and six drug-resistant human OS cell lines, either as single agent or in combination with the drugs used in chemotherapy for OS. RESULTS PLK1 expression was higher in OS clinical samples and cell lines compared to normal human tissue. A higher PLK1 expression at diagnosis appeared to be associated with an unfavourable clinical outcome. PLK1 silencing produced growth inhibition, cell cycle retardation and apoptosis induction in human OS cell lines. NMS-P937 proved to be highly active in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cell lines, with the only exception of ABCB1-overexpressing, Doxorubicin (DX)-resistant variants. However, in these cells, the association of NMS-P937 with DX was able to revert DX-resistance by negatively interfering with ABCB1 transport activity. NMS-P937 was also able to decrease clonogenic and migration ability of human OS cell lines. CONCLUSION PLK1 can be proposed as a new candidate target for OS. Targeting PLK1 in OS with NMS-P937 in association with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs may be a new interesting therapeutic option, since this approach has proved to be active against drug resistant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sero
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9029
|
Lee CS, Rattu MA, Kim SS. A review of a novel, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2014; 22:92-104. [PMID: 25425007 DOI: 10.1177/1078155214561281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib, a Bruton's kinase inhibitor, was granted an accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in November, 2013, for the treatment of relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma and subsequently for the treatment of relapsed refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia in February, 2014. In the pivotal phase 2 study of 111 patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma, the overall response rate in patients who received ibrutinib 560 mg daily was 68%. The median progression-free survival was 13.9 months, and the overall survival was 58% at 18 months. In a recently published phase 3 trial (RESONATE) that compared ibrutinib and ofatumumab for the treatment of relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma, ibrutinib at the daily dosage of 420 mg demonstrated a significantly higher overall response rate (43% in ibrutinib vs. 4% in ofatumumab) and a significantly improved overall survival at 12 months (90% ibrutinib vs. 81% ofatumumab). Similar clinical benefits were shown regardless of del (17 p). Ibrutinib was well tolerated, and dose-limiting toxicity was not observed. Ibrutinib has shown durable remission, improved progression-free survival and overall survival, and favorable safety profile in indolent B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Ibrutinib, as a monotherapy, is an effective treatment modality as a salvage therapy for treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma, particularly in older patients (age ≥70 years) who are not a candidate for intensive chemotherapy and/or those with del (17 p). In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and del (17 p), the current practice guideline recommends ibrutinib as an upfront treatment option. Current on-going trials will further define its role as upfront therapy and/or as a combination therapy in indolent B-cell lymphoid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shien Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad A Rattu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara S Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9030
|
Zhang H, Patel A, Ma SL, Li XJ, Zhang YK, Yang PQ, Kathawala RJ, Wang YJ, Anreddy N, Fu LW, Chen ZS. In vitro, in vivo and ex vivo characterization of ibrutinib: a potent inhibitor of the efflux function of the transporter MRP1. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5845-57. [PMID: 25164592 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transporter, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1), plays a critical role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Here we investigated the reversal effect of ibrutinib on MRP1-mediated MDR. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The expression of protein was detected by Western blot. RT-PCR and Q-PCR were performed to detect the expression of MRP1 mRNA. The intracellular accumulation and efflux of substrates for MRP1 were measured by scintillation counter and flow cytometry. HEK293/MRP1 cell xenografts in nude mice were established to study the effects of ibrutinib in vivo. KEY RESULTS Ibrutinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of MRP1 substrates in HEK293/MRP1 and HL60/Adr cells overexpressing MRP1. Furthermore, ibrutinib increased the accumulation of substrates in these MRP1-overexpressing cells by inhibiting the drug efflux function of MRP1. However, mRNA and protein expression of MRP1 remained unaltered after treatment with ibrutinib in MRP1-overexpressing cells. In vivo, ibrutinib enhanced the efficacy of vincristine to inhibit the growth of HEK293/MRP1 tumour xenografts in nude mice. Importantly, ibrutinib also enhances the cytotoxicity of vincristine in primary cultures of leukaemia blasts, derived from patients. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicated that ibrutinib significantly increased the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents which were MRP1 substrates, in MRP1-overexpressing cells, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. These findings will lead to further studies on the effects of a combination of ibrutinib with chemotherapeutic agents in cancer patients overexpressing MRP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9031
|
Mehdipour P, Santoro F, Minucci S. Epigenetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemias. FEBS J 2014; 282:1786-800. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Mehdipour
- Department of Experimental Oncology at the IFOM-IEO Campus; European Institute of Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Santoro
- Department of Experimental Oncology at the IFOM-IEO Campus; European Institute of Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology at the IFOM-IEO Campus; European Institute of Oncology; Milan Italy
- Department of Biosciences; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9032
|
Wang M, Cao JX, Pan JH, Liu YS, Xu BL, Li D, Zhang XY, Li JL, Liu JL, Wang HB, Wang ZX. Adoptive immunotherapy of cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112662. [PMID: 25412106 PMCID: PMC4239020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to systemically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of randomized controlled trials for CIK cell-based therapy was performed. The overall survival, clinical response rate, immunological assessment and side effects were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 17 randomized controlled trials of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a total of 1172 patients were included in the present analysis. Our study showed that the CIK cell therapy significantly improved the objective response rate and overall survival compared to the non-CIK cell-treated group. After CIK combined therapy, we observed substantially increased percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ and NK cells, whereas significant decreases were noted in the percentage of CD8+ and regulatory T cell (Treg) subgroups. A significant increase in Ag-NORs was observed in the CIK-treated patient group (p = 0.00001), whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was more likely to be reduced to a normal level after CIK treatment (p = 0.0008). Of the possible major side effects, only the incidence of fever in the CIK group was significantly higher compared to the group that received chemotherapy alone. CONCLUSION The CIK cell combined therapy demonstrated significant superiority in the overall survival, clinical response rate, and T lymphocytes responses and did not present any evidence of major adverse events in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Xia Cao
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hong Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Shan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Lei Xu
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Li
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Li Li
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Long Liu
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xu Wang
- Biotherapy Center, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9033
|
Digklia A, Voutsadakis IA. Combinations of vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors with metronomic chemotherapy: Rational and current status. World J Exp Med 2014; 4:58-67. [PMID: 25414818 PMCID: PMC4237643 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v4.i4.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy given in a metronomic manner can be administered with less adverse effects which are common with conventional schedules such as myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity and thus may be appropriate for older patients and patients with decreased performance status. Efficacy has been observed in several settings. An opportunity to improve the efficacy of metronomic schedules without significantly increasing toxicity presents with the addition of anti-angiogenic targeted treatments. These combinations rational stems from the understanding of the importance of angiogenesis in the mechanism of action of metronomic chemotherapy which may be augmented by specific targeting of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway by antibodies or small tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Combinations of metronomic chemotherapy schedules with VEGF pathway targeting drugs will be discussed in this paper.
Collapse
|
9034
|
Xie J, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Yue B. Primary intravascular natural killer/T cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1154-6. [PMID: 25248881 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.951847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9035
|
Geyer JT, Subramaniyam S, Jiang Y, Elemento O, Ferry JA, de Leval L, Nakashima MO, Liu YC, Martin P, Mathew S, Orazi A, Tam W. Lymphoblastic transformation of follicular lymphoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of 7 patients. Hum Pathol 2014; 46:260-71. [PMID: 25529125 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) transform to a more aggressive malignancy, most commonly diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Rarely, FL transformation results in clinical findings, histology, and immunophenotype reminiscent of B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. We report the largest series to date with detailed analysis of 7 such patients. Lymphoblastic transformation occurred on average 2 years after initial diagnosis of FL. Five patients had prior intensive chemotherapy. Two patients developed mature high-grade lymphoma, followed by the lymphoblastic transformation. FL had BCL2 gene rearrangement in 4 of 5 cases. High-grade transformation was accompanied by MYC gene rearrangement (5 of 5). Transformation was characterized by expression of TdT, loss of Bcl6, variable loss of immunoglobulin light chain, and persistence of Pax-5, Bcl2, and CD10. Whole-exome sequencing in 1 case revealed presence of several actionable mutations (CD79B, CCND3, CDK12). FL, aggressive mature B cell lymphoma, and lymphoblastic transformation were clonally related in 6 evaluable cases. After transformation, survival ranged from 1 to 14 months. Four patients died of disease, 2 were in remission after stem cell transplant, and 1 was alive with disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Turbiner Geyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shivakumar Subramaniyam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Judith A Ferry
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Megan O Nakashima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan Mathew
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9036
|
Rotblat B, Grunewald TGP, Leprivier G, Melino G, Knight RA. Anti-oxidative stress response genes: bioinformatic analysis of their expression and relevance in multiple cancers. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2577-90. [PMID: 24342878 PMCID: PMC3926850 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells mount a transcriptional anti-oxidative stress (AOS) response program to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that arise from chemical, physical, and metabolic challenges. This protective program has been shown to reduce carcinogenesis triggered by chemical and physical insults. However, it is also hijacked by established cancers to thrive and proliferate within the hostile tumor microenvironment and to gain resistance against chemo- and radiotherapies. Therefore, targeting the AOS response proteins that are exploited by cancer cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. In order to identify the AOS genes that are suspected to support cancer progression and resistance, we analyzed the expression patterns of 285 genes annotated for being involved in oxidative stress in 994 tumors and 353 normal tissues. Thereby we identified a signature of 116 genes that are highly overexpressed in multiple carcinomas while being only minimally expressed in normal tissues. To establish which of these genes are more likely to functionally drive cancer resistance and progression, we further identified those whose overexpression correlates with negative patient outcome in breast and lung carcinoma. Gene-set enrichment, GO, network, and pathway analyses revealed that members of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways are prominent components of this oncogenic signature and that activation of these pathways is common feature of many cancer entities. Interestingly, a large fraction of these AOS genes are downstream targets of the transcription factors NRF2, NF-kappaB and FOXM1, and relay on NADPH for their enzymatic activities highlighting promising drug targets. We discuss these findings and propose therapeutic strategies that may be applied to overcome cancer resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rotblat
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9037
|
Ma Y, Liao Z, Xu Y, Zhong Z, Wang X, Zhang F, Chen S, Yang L, Luo G, Huang X, Huang S, Wu X, Li Y. Characteristics of CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1-A20-NF-κB expression in T cell-acute lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:62. [PMID: 25384343 PMCID: PMC4228272 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the oncogenic signaling pathways of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains limited. Constitutive aberrant activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been detected in various lymphoid malignancies and plays a key role in the development of these carcinomas. The zinc finger-containing protein, A20, is a central regulator of multiple NF-κB-activating signaling cascades. A20 is frequently inactivated by deletions and/or mutations in several B-and T-cell lymphoma subtypes. However, few A20 mutations and polymorphisms have been reported in T-ALL. Thus, it is of interest to analyze the expression characteristics of A20 and its regulating factors, including upstream regulators and the CBM complex, which includes CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1. Methods The expression levels of CARMA1, BCL10, MALT1, A20, and NF-κB were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 21 patients with newly diagnosed T-ALL using real-time PCR, and correlations between the aberrant expression of these genes in T-ALL was analyzed. Sixteen healthy individuals, including 10 males and 6 females, served as controls. Results Significantly lower A20 expression was found in T-ALL patients (median: 4.853) compared with healthy individuals (median: 8.748; P = 0.017), and significantly increased expression levels of CARMA1 (median: 2.916; P = 0.034), BCL10 (median: 0.285; P = 0.033), and MALT1 (median: 1.201; P = 0.010) were found in T-ALL compared with the healthy individuals (median: 1.379, 0.169, and 0.677, respectively). In contrast, overexpression of NF-κB (median: 0.714) was found in T-ALL compared with healthy individuals (median: 0.335; P = 0.001). A negative correlation between the MALT1 and A20 expression levels and a positive correlation between CARMA1 and BCL10 were found in T-ALL and healthy individuals. However, no negative correlation was found between A20 and NF-κB and the MALT1 and NF-κB expression level in the T-ALL group. Conclusions We characterized the expression of the CARMA-BCL10-MALT1-A20-NF-κB pathway genes in T-ALL. Overexpression of CARMA-BCL10-MALT in T-ALL may contribute to the constitutive cleavage and inactivation of A20, which enhances NF-κB signaling and may be related to T-ALL pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9038
|
Latha TS, Reddy MC, Durbaka PVR, Rachamallu A, Pallu R, Lomada D. γδ T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Disease and Therapy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:571. [PMID: 25426120 PMCID: PMC4225745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of γδ T cells in immunotherapy has gained specific importance in the recent years because of their prominent function involving directly or indirectly in the rehabilitation of the diseases. γδ T cells represent a minor population of T cells that express a distinct T cell receptor (TCR) composed of γδ chains instead of αβ chains. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells display a restricted TCR repertoire and recognize mostly unknown non-peptide antigens. γδ T cells act as a link between innate and adaptive immunity, because they lack precise major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and seize the ability to recognize ligands that are generated during affliction. Skin epidermal γδ T cells recognize antigen expressed by damaged or stressed keratinocytes and play an indispensable role in tissue homeostasis and repair through secretion of distinct growth factors. γδ T cell based immunotherapy strategies possess great prominence in the treatment because of the property of their MHC-independent cytotoxicity, copious amount of cytokine release, and a immediate response in infections. Understanding the role of γδ T cells in pathogenic infections, wound healing, autoimmune diseases, and cancer might provide knowledge for the successful treatment of these diseases using γδ T cell based immunotherapy. Enhancing the human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells functions by administration of aminobisphosphonates like zoledronate, pamidronate, and bromohydrin pyrophosphate along with cytokines and monoclonal antibodies shows a hopeful approach for treatment of tumors and infections. The current review summarizes the role of γδ T cells in various human diseases and immunotherapeutic approaches using γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sree Latha
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University , Kadapa , India
| | - Madhava C Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University , Kadapa , India
| | | | - Aparna Rachamallu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India ; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Reddanna Pallu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India ; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Dakshayani Lomada
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University , Kadapa , India
| |
Collapse
|
9039
|
Axillary metaplastic breast carcinoma with ipsilateral pectoral invasive ductal carcinoma: an unusual presentation. Case Rep Oncol Med 2014; 2014:938509. [PMID: 25364575 PMCID: PMC4182015 DOI: 10.1155/2014/938509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of axillary metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) with triple negative (ER−/PR−/Her2−) phenotype, concurrent with multifocal invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of ipsilateral pectoral breast (ER+/PR+/Her2−) in a 60-year-old woman. The two tumors demonstrate different morphology, immunophenotype, and opposite response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of paclitaxol, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide. Methylation analysis of human androgen receptor (HUMARA) on X-chromosome identified monoclonal pattern of X-chromosome inactivation in MBC and mosaic pattern in the IDC. Stem cell origin of MBC is suggested in this case. Clinicopathological features, imaging findings, biological markers, chemoradiation management, and prognosis of MBC are reviewed in comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma. Our case and literature review suggest that traditional chemotherapy applicable to IDC is less effective towards MBC. However, new chemotherapy protocols targeting stem cell and multimodality management of MBC are promising. Recognition of unusual presentation of MBC will help tailor therapy towards tumor with worse prognosis.
Collapse
|
9040
|
Al-Horani RA, Desai UR. Recent advances on plasmin inhibitors for the treatment of fibrinolysis-related disorders. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1168-1216. [PMID: 24659483 PMCID: PMC8788159 DOI: 10.1002/med.21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that plasmin is involved in a number of physiological processes in addition to its key role in fibrin cleavage. Plasmin inhibition is critical in preventing adverse consequences arising from plasmin overactivity, e.g., blood loss that may follow cardiac surgery. Aprotinin was widely used as an antifibrinolytic drug before its discontinuation in 2008. Tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid, two small molecule plasmin inhibitors, are currently used in the clinic. Several molecules have been designed utilizing covalent, but reversible, chemistry relying on reactive cyclohexanones, nitrile warheads, and reactive aldehyde peptidomimetics. Other major classes of plasmin inhibitors include the cyclic peptidomimetics and polypeptides of the Kunitz and Kazal-type. Allosteric inhibitors of plasmin have also been designed including small molecule lysine analogs that bind to plasmin's kringle domain(s) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetics that bind to plasmin's catalytic domain. Plasmin inhibitors have also been explored for resolving other disease states including cell metastasis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and embryo implantation. This review highlights functional and structural aspects of plasmin inhibitors with the goal of advancing their design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Al-Horani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9041
|
Qian WJ, Park JE, Lim D, Lai CC, Kelley JA, Park SY, Lee KW, Yaffe MB, Lee KS, Burke TR. Mono-anionic phosphopeptides produced by unexpected histidine alkylation exhibit high Plk1 polo-box domain-binding affinities and enhanced antiproliferative effects in HeLa cells. Biopolymers 2014; 102:444-55. [PMID: 25283071 PMCID: PMC4895914 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Binding of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domains (PBDs) to phosphothreonine (pThr)/phosphoserine (pSer)-containing sequences is critical for the proper function of Plk1. Although high-affinity synthetic pThr-containing peptides provide starting points for developing PBD-directed inhibitors, to date the efficacy of such peptides in whole cell assays has been poor. This potentially reflects limited cell membrane permeability arising, in part, from the di-anionic nature of the phosphoryl group or its mimetics. In our current article we report the unanticipated on-resin N(τ)-alkylation of histidine residues already bearing a N(π)- alkyl group. This resulted in cationic imidazolium-containing pThr peptides, several of which exhibit single-digit nanomolar PBD-binding affinities in extracellular assays and improved antimitotic efficacies in intact cells. We enhanced the cellular efficacies of these peptides further by applying bio-reversible pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) phosphoryl protection. New structural insights presented in our current study, including the potential utility of intramolecular charge masking, may be useful for the further development of PBD-binding peptides and peptide mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Qian
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U. S. A
| | - Dan Lim
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U. S. A
| | - Christopher C. Lai
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
| | - James A. Kelley
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
| | - Suk-Youl Park
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U. S. A
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U. S. A
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, U. S. A
| |
Collapse
|
9042
|
Life-threatening hypophosphatemia and/or phosphate depletion in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a rare case report. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32:1437.e3-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
9043
|
Simioni C, Cani A, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Tabellini G, McCubrey J, Capitani S, Neri LM. Activity of the novel mTOR inhibitor Torin-2 in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its therapeutic potential to prevent Akt reactivation. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10034-47. [PMID: 25296981 PMCID: PMC4259403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade is a key regulatory pathway controlling cell growth and survival, and its dysregulation is a reported feature of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-pre ALL). Torin-2 is a novel, second-generation ATP-competitive inhibitor that is potent and selective for mTOR with a superior pharmacokinetic profile to previous inhibitors. It has been shown that Torin-2 displayed dramatic antiproliferative activity across a panel of cancer cell lines. To investigate if Torin-2 could represent a new option for the treatment of B-pre ALL, we tested its activity on a panel of B-pre ALL cell lines. In all of them Torin-2 showed a powerful cytotoxic activity, inhibiting the growth of each cell line in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ in the nanomolar range. Torin-2 caused both apoptosis and autophagy, induced cell cycle arrest in G₀/G₁ phase and affected both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities as assessed by their specific substrate dephosphorylation. Torin-2 alone suppressed feedback activation of PI3K/Akt, whereas the mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 required the addition of the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 to achieve the same effect. These pharmacological strategies targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR at different points of the signaling pathway cascade might represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of B-pre ALL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M. Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9044
|
Podhorecka M, Markowicz J, Szymczyk A, Pawlowski J. Target Therapy in Hematological Malignances: New Monoclonal Antibodies. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:701493. [PMID: 27433507 PMCID: PMC4897146 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apart from radio- and chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) represent a new, more selective tool in the treatment of hematological malignancies. MoAbs bind with the specific antigens of the tumors. This interaction is a basis for targeted therapies which exhibit few side effects and significant antitumor activity. This review provides an overview of the functional characteristics of MoAbs, with some examples of their clinical application. The promising results in the treatment of hematological malignancies have led to the more frequent usage of MoAbs in the therapy. Development of MoAbs is a subject of extensive research. They are a promising method of cancer treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Podhorecka
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Markowicz
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szymczyk
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Johannes Pawlowski
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9045
|
Griner NB, Young D, Chaudhary P, Mohamed AA, Huang W, Chen Y, Sreenath T, Dobi A, Petrovics G, Vishwanatha JK, Sesterhenn IA, Srivastava S, Tan SH. ERG oncoprotein inhibits ANXA2 expression and function in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:368-79. [PMID: 25344575 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0275-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Overexpression of ERG in the prostate epithelium, due to chromosomal translocations, contributes to prostate tumorigenesis. Here, genomic analysis of ERG siRNA-treated prostate cells harboring the endogenous TMPRSS2-ERG fusion revealed an inverse relationship between ERG and Annexin A2 (ANXA2) expression at both the RNA and protein level. ANXA2, a Ca(2+)-dependent and phospholipid-binding protein, is involved in various cellular functions, including maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. Mechanistic studies defined the prostate-specific transcription start site of ANXA2 and showed that the recruitment of ERG to the ANXA2 promoter is required for transcriptional repression by ERG. Knockdown of ERG enhanced the apical localization of ANXA2, the bundling of actin filaments at cell-cell junctions and formation of a polarized epithelial phenotype. ERG overexpression disrupted ANXA2-mediated cell polarity and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting CDC42 and RHOA, and by activating cofilin. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a reciprocal relationship of ANXA2 and ERG expression in a large fraction of primary prostate cancer clinical specimens. ANXA2 was absent or markedly reduced in ERG(+) tumors, which were mostly well differentiated. ERG(-) tumors, meanwhile, expressed moderate to high levels of ANXA2, and were either poorly differentiated or displayed subsets of poorly differentiated cells. Taken together, the transcriptional repression of ANXA2 by ERG in prostate epithelial cells plays a critical role in abrogating differentiation, promoting EMT, and in the reciprocal correlation of ERG and ANXA2 expression observed in human prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS ANXA2 is a new component of the ERG network with potential to enhance biologic stratification and therapeutic targeting of ERG-stratified prostate cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Griner
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Denise Young
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Texas Center for Health Disparities and the Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Taduru Sreenath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Texas Center for Health Disparities and the Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | | | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shyh-Han Tan
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Rockville, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
9046
|
Phenotypic characterization and anti-tumor effects of cytokine-induced killer cells derived from cord blood. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:86-97. [PMID: 25457278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy represents a feasible immunotherapeutic option for treating malignancies. However, the number of anti-tumor lymphocytes cannot be easily obtained from the cancer patients with poor immunity status, and older patients cannot tolerate repeated collection of blood. Cord blood-derived CIK (CB-CIK) cells have shown efficacy in treating the patients with cancer in several clinical trials. This study was conducted to evaluate the biological characteristics and anti-tumor function of CB-CIK cells. METHODS The immunogenicity, chemokine receptors and proliferation of CB-CIK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The CIK cells on day 13 were treated with cisplatin and the anti-apoptosis capacity was analyzed. The function of CB-CIK cells against the human cancer was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Compared with peripheral blood-derived CIK (PB-CIK) cells, CB-CIK cells demonstrated lower immunogenicity and increased proliferation rates. CB-CIK cells also had a higher percentage of main functional fraction CD3(+)CD56(+). The anti-apoptosis ability of CB-CIK cells after treatment with cisplatin was higher than that of PB-CIK cells. Furthermore, CB-CIK cells were effective for secreting interleukin-2 and interferon-γ and a higher percentage of chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR7. In addition, tumor growth was greatly inhibited by CB-CIK treatment in a nude mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS CB-CIK cells exhibit more efficient anti-tumor activity in in vitro analysis and in the preclinical model and may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
9047
|
Kangwan N, Park JM, Kim EH, Hahm KB. Chemoquiescence for ideal cancer treatment and prevention: where are we now? J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:89-6. [PMID: 25337576 PMCID: PMC4204166 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a state of reversible cell cycle arrest and is associated with a low metabolic state featured with decreased glycolysis, reduced translation rates, and activation of autophagy, fundamentally to provide nutrients for cell survival similar as seen in hybernation. As signal for quiescence, inactivating the target of rapamycin kinase and resulting reduced cell growth and biosynthesis are essential, but cellular quiescence is not always associated with reduced metabolism since it is also possible to achieve a state of cellular quiescence in which glucose uptake, glycolysis and flux through central carbon metabolism are not reduced. However, in cancer cells, overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer stem or cancer dormancy cells to current clinical treatments can be reversed with the acquisition of chemoquiesence. The development of new drug combinations or strategy to treat the highly aggressive and metastatic cancers including relapsed leukaemias, melanoma and head and neck, brain, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, pancreas as well as gastrointestinal cancers which remain incurable in the clinic in spite of aggressive therapies, can be accelerated with the introduction of chemoquiescence agent, for which cancer stem cells or tumor dormancy should be eradicated or removed. Recently potential applications of metformin or chloroquine as well as the potential drugs under investigation such as proton pump inhibitor, sonic hedgehog inhibitor, and Akt inhibitor, are actively investigated in this field of chemoquiescence to achieve cancer cure far beyond those of chemoprevention. In this review article, the evolving concept of chemoquiescence or cancer dormancy will be introduced accompanied by a description of novel target drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Napapan Kangwan
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9048
|
Pandey JP, Kistner-Griffin E, Radwan FF, Kaur N, Namboodiri AM, Black L, Butler MA, Carreon T, Ruder AM. Endogenous antibody responsiveness to epidermal growth factor receptor is associated with immunoglobulin allotypes and overall survival of patients with glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:678-84. [PMID: 25326496 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin γ marker (GM) and κ marker (KM) allotypes, hereditary antigenic determinants of γ and κ chains, respectively, have been shown to be associated with immunity to a variety of self and nonself antigens, but their possible contribution to immunity to the tumor-associated antigens epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR variant (v)III has not been evaluated. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the interindividual variation in endogenous antibody responsiveness to EGFR and EGFRvIII is associated with particular GM, KM, and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) genotypes and whether antibody levels were associated with the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma. METHODS A total of 126 Caucasian participants with glioblastoma were genotyped for several GM, KM, and FcγR alleles and characterized for IgG antibodies to EGFR and EGFRvIII antigens. RESULTS The anti-EGFR antibody levels associated with GM 3/3 homozygotes and GM 3/17 heterozygotes were similar (15.9 vs 16.4 arbitrary units [AU]/µL) and significantly lower than those associated with GM 17/17 homozygotes (19.6 AU/µL; nominal P = .007). Participants homozygous for the GM 21 allele also had significantly higher levels of anti-EGFR antibodies than GM 5/5 homozygotes and GM 5/21 heterozygotes (20.1 vs 16.0 and 16.3 AU/µL; nominal P = .005). Similar associations were found with immune responsiveness to EGFRvIII. Higher anti-EGFR and anti-EGFRvIII antibody levels were associated with enhanced overall survival (16 vs 11 mo, nominal P = .038 and 20 vs 11 mo, nominal P = .004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS GM allotypes contribute to humoral immunity to EGFR in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janardan P Pandey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Emily Kistner-Griffin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Faisal F Radwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Navtej Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Aryan M Namboodiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Laurel Black
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Mary Ann Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Tania Carreon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| | - Avima M Ruder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.P.P., F.F.R., N.K., A.M.N., L.B.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (E.K-G.); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.A.B., T.C., A.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9049
|
Parikh K, Cang S, Sekhri A, Liu D. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE)--a novel class of anti-cancer agents. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:78. [PMID: 25316614 PMCID: PMC4200201 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of proteins plays an important role in carcinogenesis. The nuclear export of proteins depends on the activity of transport proteins, exportins. Exportins belong to the karyopherin β superfamily. Exportin-1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), mediates transport of around 220 proteins. In this review, we summarized the development of a new class of antitumor drugs, collectively known as selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE). KPT-330 (selinexor) as an oral agent is showing activities in early clinical trials in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Delong Liu
- Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9050
|
Villalba M, Lopez-Royuela N, Krzywinska E, Rathore MG, Hipskind RA, Haouas H, Allende-Vega N. Chemical metabolic inhibitors for the treatment of blood-borne cancers. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:223-32. [PMID: 24237221 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113136660374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells, including leukemic cells, remodel their bioenergetic system in favor of aerobic glycolysis. This process is called "the Warburg effect" and offers an attractive pharmacological target to preferentially eliminate malignant cells. In addition, recent results show that metabolic changes can be linked to tumor immune evasion. Mouse models demonstrate the importance of this metabolic remodeling in leukemogenesis. Some leukemias, although treatable, remain incurable and resistance to chemotherapy produces an elevated percentage of relapse in most leukemia cases. Several groups have targeted the specific metabolism of leukemia cells in preclinical and clinical studies to improve the prognosis of these patients, i.e. using L-asparaginase to treat pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Additional metabolic drugs that are currently being used to treat other diseases or tumors could also be exploited for leukemia, based on preclinical studies. Finally, we discuss the potential use of several metabolic drugs in combination therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) or immune cell-based therapies, to increase their efficacy and reduce side effects in the treatment of hematological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM U1040, Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche. 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|