901
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Stress, cell senescence and organismal ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 170:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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902
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Nelson G, Kucheryavenko O, Wordsworth J, von Zglinicki T. The senescent bystander effect is caused by ROS-activated NF-κB signalling. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 170:30-36. [PMID: 28837845 PMCID: PMC5861994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence is an important driver of the ageing process. The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues is accelerated by stress signals from senescent cells that induce DNA damage and ultimately senescence in bystander cells. We examine here the interplay of senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction (SAMD)-driven production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in causing the bystander effect. We show that in various modes of fibroblast senescence ROS are necessary and sufficient to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which facilitates a large part of the SASP. This ROS-NF-κB axis causes the DNA damage response in bystander cells. Cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 are major components of the pro-inflammatory SASP in senescent fibroblasts. However, their activation in senescence is only partially controlled by NF-κB, and they are thus not strong candidates as intercellular mediators of the bystander effect as mediated by the ROS-NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Nelson
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Olena Kucheryavenko
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - James Wordsworth
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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903
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904
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van Willigenburg H, de Keizer PLJ, de Bruin RWF. Cellular senescence as a therapeutic target to improve renal transplantation outcome. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:322-330. [PMID: 29471104 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplants from aged donors are more vulnerable to ischemic injury, suffer more from delayed graft function and have a lower graft survival compared to kidneys from younger donors. On a cellular level, aging results in an increase in cells that are in a permanent cell cycle arrest, termed senescence, which secrete a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Consequently, these senescent cells negatively influence the local milieu by causing inflammaging, and by reducing the regenerative capacity of the kidney. Moreover, the oxidative damage that is inflicted by ischemia-reperfusion injury during transplantation can induce senescence and accelerate aging. In this review, we describe recent developments in the understanding of the biology of aging that have led to the development of a new class of therapeutic agents aimed at eliminating senescent cells. These compounds have already shown to be able to restore tissue homeostasis in old mice, improve kidney function and general health- and lifespan. Use of these anti-senescence compounds holds great promise to improve the quality of marginal donor kidneys as well as to remove senescent cells induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Altogether, senescent cell removal may increase the donor pool, relieving the growing organ shortage and improve long-term transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester van Willigenburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter L J de Keizer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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905
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Elewa YHA, Ichii O, Takada K, Nakamura T, Masum MA, Kon Y. Histopathological Correlations between Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters and the Development of Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis following Bleomycin Administration in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:271. [PMID: 29497425 PMCID: PMC5818413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) has been reported to induce lung inflammation and fibrosis in human and mice and showed genetic susceptibility. Interestingly, the C57BL/6 (B6) mice had prominent mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid cluster (MFALCs) under healthy condition, and showed susceptibility to development of lung fibrosis following BLM administration. However, the pathogenesis of lung lesion progression, and their correlation with MFALC morphologies, remain to be clarified. To investigate the correlations between MFALC structures and lung injuries in B6 mice, histopathological examination of mediastinal fat tissues and lungs was examined at 7 and 21 days (d) following a single 50 μL intranasal (i.n.) instillation of either BLM sulfate (5 mg/kg) (BLM group) or phosphate-buffered saline (control group). The lung fibrosis was examined by Masson’s trichrome (MT) stain of paraffin sections and mRNA expression levels of Col1a1, Col3a1, and Acta2 in different frozen lung samples. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry for CD3, B220, Iba1, Gr1, BrdU, LYVE-1, and peripheral node addressin (PNAd) was performed to detect T- and B-cells, macrophages, granulocytes, proliferating cells, lymph vessels (LVs), and high endothelial venules (HEVs). We found that MFALCs were more abundant in the BLM group as compared to the control group. The lung of BLM group developed pneumonitis with severe cellular infiltrations at 7 days and significant collagen deposition (MT) and higher expression of Col1a1, and Col3a1 at 21 days post-administration. Numerous immune cells, proliferating cells, HEVs, and LVs were observed in both MFALCs and lungs of the BLM group. Interestingly, PNAd + HEVs were observed in the lungs of the BLM group, but not the control group. Moreover, numerous Gr1 + polymorphonuclear and mononuclear-like ring cells were found in the MFALCs and lungs of the BLM group. Interestingly, flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant increase of B-cell populations within the MFALCs of BLM group suggesting a potential proliferative induction of B-cells following inflammation. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between quantitative parameters of these immune cells in both the lungs and MFALCs. Thus, we suggest a potentially important role for MFALCs and HEVs in the progression of lung disease, especially in inflammatory lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takada
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Section of Biological Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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906
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Inducers of Senescence, Toxic Compounds, and Senolytics: The Multiple Faces of Nrf2-Activating Phytochemicals in Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4159013. [PMID: 29618945 PMCID: PMC5829354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4159013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of senescence in cancer and the subsequent clearance of senescent cells are suggested as therapeutic intervention in the eradication of cancer. Several natural compounds that activate Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2) pathway, which is involved in complex cytoprotective responses, have been paradoxically shown to induce cell death or senescence in cancer. Promoting the cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway may be desirable for chemoprevention, but it might be detrimental in later stages and advanced cancers. However, senolytic activity shown by some Nrf2-activating compounds could be used to target senescent cancer cells (particularly in aged immune-depressed organisms) that escape immunosurveillance. We herein describe in vitro and in vivo effects of fifteen Nrf2-interacting natural compounds (tocotrienols, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, silybin, phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, triptolide, allicin, berberine, piperlongumine, fisetin, and phloretin) on cellular senescence and discuss their use in adjuvant cancer therapy. In light of available literature, it can be concluded that the meaning and the potential of adjuvant therapy with natural compounds in humans remain unclear, also taking into account the existence of few clinical trials mostly characterized by uncertain results. Further studies are needed to investigate the therapeutic potential of those compounds that display senolytic activity.
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907
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Maturu P, Wei-Liang Y, Androutsopoulos VP, Jiang W, Wang L, Tsatsakis AM, Couroucli XI. Quercetin attenuates the hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal mice: Implications for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:23-33. [PMID: 29432836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QU) is one of the most common flavonoids that are present in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and beverages. This compound possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Supplemental oxygen is routinely administered to premature infants with pulmonary insufficiency. However, hyperoxia is one of the major risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is also termed chronic lung disease in premature infants. Currently, no preventive approaches have been reported against BPD. The treatment of BPD is notably limited to oxygen administration, ventilatory support, and steroids. Since QU has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in various disease models, we hypothesized that the postnatal QU treatment of newborn mice will protect against hyperoxic lung injury by the upregulation of the phase I (CYP1A/B) and/or phase II, NADPH quinone reductase enzymes. Newborn C57BL/6J mice within 24 h of birth with the nursing dams were exposed to either 21% O2 (air) and/or 85% O2 (hyperoxia) for 7 days. The mice were treated, intraperitoneally (i.p.) once every other day with quercetin, at a concentration of 20 mg/kg, or saline alone from postnatal day (PND) 2-6. The mice were sacrificed on day 7, and lung and liver tissues were collected. The expression levels of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NQO1 proteins and mRNA as well as the levels of MDA-protein adducts were analyzed in lung and liver tissues. The findings indicated that QU attenuated hyperoxia-mediated lung injury by reducing inflammation and improving alveolarization with decreased number of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. The attenuation of this lung injury correlated with the upregulation of CYP1A1/CYP1B1/NQO1 mRNA, proteins and the down regulation of NF-kB levels and MDA-protein adducts in lung and liver tissues. The present study demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of quercetin in the prevention and/or treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanhong Wei-Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece
| | - Xanthi I Couroucli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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908
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Kreuter M, Costabel U, Richeldi L, Cottin V, Wijsenbeek M, Bonella F, Bendstrup E, Maher T, Wachtlin D, Stowasser S, Kolb M. Statin Therapy and Outcomes in Trials of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Respiration 2018; 95:317-326. [DOI: 10.1159/000486286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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909
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Zank DC, Bueno M, Mora AL, Rojas M. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Aging, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Cellular Bioenergetics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:10. [PMID: 29459894 PMCID: PMC5807592 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains elusive. Over the past two decades, however, researchers have identified and described the underlying processes that result in metabolic dysregulation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in the cells of IPF lungs. Metabolic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in IPF include decreased efficiency of electron transport chain function with increasing production of reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, and impaired mitochondrial macroautophagy, a key pathway for the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria. Metabolic changes in IPF have potential impact on lung cell function, differentiation, and activation of fibrotic responses. These alterations result in activation of TGF-β and predispose to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is a disease of the aged, and many of these same bioenergetic changes are present to a lesser extent with normal aging, raising the possibility that these anticipated alterations in metabolic processes play important roles in creating susceptibility to the development of IPF. This review explores what is known regarding the cellular metabolic and mitochondrial changes that are found in IPF, and examines this body of literature to identify future research direction and potential points of intervention in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Zank
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marta Bueno
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ana L Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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910
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Abstract
Senescence is a durable cell cycle arrest that can be induced in response to various stress factors, such as telomere erosion, DNA damage or the aberrant activation of oncogenes. In addition to its well-established role as a stress response programme, research has revealed important physiological roles of senescence in nondisease settings, such as embryonic development, wound healing, tissue repair and ageing. Senescent cells secrete various cytokines, chemokines, matrix remodelling proteases and growth factors, a phenotype collectively referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. These factors evoke immune responses that, depending on the pathophysiological context, can either prevent or even fuel disease and tumorigenesis. Remarkably, even the gut microbiota can influence senescence in various organs. In this Review, we provide an introduction to cellular senescence, addressed particularly to gastroenterologists and hepatologists, and discuss the implications of senescence for the pathogenesis of malignant and nonmalignant gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases. We conclude with an outlook on how modulation of cellular senescence might be used for therapeutic purposes.
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911
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Yuan Y, DiCiaccio B, Li Y, Elshikha AS, Titov D, Brenner B, Seifer L, Pan H, Karic N, Akbar MA, Lu Y, Song S, Zhou L. Anti-inflammaging effects of human alpha-1 antitrypsin. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12694. [PMID: 29045001 PMCID: PMC5770780 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging plays an important role in most age-related diseases. However, the mechanism of inflammaging is largely unknown, and therapeutic control of inflammaging is challenging. Human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT) has immune-regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties as demonstrated in several disease models including type 1 diabetes, arthritis, lupus, osteoporosis, and stroke. To test the potential anti-inflammaging effect of hAAT, we generated transgenic Drosophila lines expressing hAAT. Surprisingly, the lifespan of hAAT-expressing lines was significantly longer than that of genetically matched controls. To understand the mechanism underlying the anti-aging effect of hAAT, we monitored the expression of aging-associated genes and found that aging-induced expressions of Relish (NF-ĸB orthologue) and Diptericin were significantly lower in hAAT lines than in control lines. RNA-seq analysis revealed that innate immunity genes regulated by NF-kB were significantly and specifically inhibited in hAAT transgenic Drosophila lines. To confirm this anti-inflammaging effect in human cells, we treated X-ray-induced senescence cells with hAAT and showed that hAAT treatment significantly decreased the expression and maturation of IL-6 and IL-8, two major factors of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Consistent with results from Drosophila,RNA-seq analysis also showed that hAAT treatment significantly inhibited inflammation related genes and pathways. Together, our results demonstrated that hAAT significantly inhibited inflammaging in both Drosophila and human cell models. As hAAT is a FDA-approved drug with a confirmed safety profile, this novel therapeutic potential may make hAAT a promising candidate to combat aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Benedetto DiCiaccio
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Denis Titov
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Brian Brenner
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Lee Seifer
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Hope Pan
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Nurdina Karic
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Yuanqing Lu
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Sihong Song
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- University of Florida Genetics InstituteGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics & MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- University of Florida Genetics InstituteGainesvilleFLUSA
- UF Health Cancer CenterGainesvilleFLUSA
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912
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Drakopanagiotakis F, Wujak L, Wygrecka M, Markart P. Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:404-421. [PMID: 29408012 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, debilitating, fibrotic lung disease leading to respiratory failure and ultimately to death. Being the prototype of interstitial lung diseases, IPF is characterized by marked heterogeneity regarding its clinical course. Despite significant progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, we still cannot reliably predict the course of the disease and the response to treatment of an individual patient. Non-invasive biomarkers, in particular serum biomarkers, for the (early) diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic response are urgently needed. Numerous molecules involved in alveolar epithelial cell injury, fibroproliferation and matrix remodeling as well as immune regulation have been proposed as potential biomarkers. Furthermore, genetic variants of TOLLIP, MUC5B, and other genes are associated with a differential response to treatment and with the development and/or the prognosis of IPF. Additionally, the bacterial signature in IPF lungs, as shown from microbiome analyses, as well as mitochondrial DNA seem to have promising roles as biomarkers. Moreover, combination of multiple biomarkers may identify comprehensive biomarker signatures in IPF patients. However, there is still a long way until these potential biomarkers complete or substitute for the clinical and functional parameters currently available for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Drakopanagiotakis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine (Medical Clinic V), Fulda Hospital, University Medicine Marburg, Campus Fulda, Pacelliallee 4, 36043 Fulda, Germany
| | - Lukasz Wujak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - P Markart
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine (Medical Clinic V), Fulda Hospital, University Medicine Marburg, Campus Fulda, Pacelliallee 4, 36043 Fulda, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.
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913
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BH3 mimetics as anti-fibrotic therapy: Unleashing the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in myofibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:94-105. [PMID: 29408011 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organs and tissues in mammals can undergo self-repair following injury. However, chronic or severe tissue injury leads to the development of dense scar tissue or fibrosis at the expense of regeneration. The identification of novel therapeutic strategies aiming at reversing fibrosis is therefore a major clinical unmet need in regenerative medicine. Persistent activation of scar-forming myofibroblasts distinguishes non-resolving pathological fibrosis from self-limited physiological wound healing. Thus, therapeutic strategies selectively inducing myofibroblast apoptosis could prevent progression and potentially reverse established fibrosis in fibrotic diseases. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that have demonstrated that activated myofibroblasts, traditionally viewed as apoptosis-resistant cells, are actually "primed for death". In this state, mitochondria of activated myofibroblasts are loaded with proapoptotic BH3 proteins, which creates a cellular "addiction" to individual antiapoptotic proteins to block prodeath signaling and ensure survival. This creates a novel therapeutic opportunity to treat organ fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast apoptosis with the so-called BH3 mimetic drugs, which have recently shown potent antifibrotic activities in experimental models. Finally, we discuss the potential use of BH3 profiling as a functional tool to diagnose myofibroblast addiction to individual antiapoptotic proteins, which may serve to guide and assign the most effective BH3 mimetic drug for patients with fibrotic disease.
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914
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Miragem AA, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:600-628. [PMID: 28903474 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some unequivocal underlying mechanisms of menopausal hot flushes have been demonstrated in animal models, the paucity of similar approaches in humans impedes further mechanistic outcomes. Human studies might show some as yet unexpected physiological mechanisms of metabolic adaptation that permeate the phase of decreased oestrogen levels in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. This is particularly relevant because both the severity and time span of hot flushes are associated with increased risk of chronic inflammatory disease. On the other hand, oestrogen induces the expression of heat shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective protein chaperones, whose expression is modulated by different types of physiologically stressful situations, including heat stress and exercise. Therefore, lower HSP70 expression secondary to oestrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk and predisposes the patient to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that culminates in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesities, type 2 diabetes, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review focuses on HSP70 and its accompanying heat shock response (HSR), which is an anti-inflammatory and antisenescent pathway whose intracellular triggering is also oestrogen-dependent via nitric oxide (NO) production. The main goal of the manuscript was to show that the vasomotor symptoms that accompany hot flushes may be a disguised clue for important neuroendocrine alterations linking oestrogen deficiency to the anti-inflammatory HSR. SEARCH METHODS Results from our own group and recent evidence on hypothalamic control of central temperature guided a search on PubMed and Google Scholar websites. OUTCOMES Oestrogen elicits rapid production of the vasodilatory gas NO, a powerful activator of HSP70 expression. Whence, part of the protective effects of oestrogen over cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems is tied to its capacity of inducing the NO-elicited HSR. The hypothalamic areas involved in thermoregulation (infundibular nucleus in humans and arcuate nucleus in other mammals) and whose neurons are known to have their function altered after long-term oestrogen ablation, particularly kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin neurons, (KNDy) are the same that drive neuroprotective expression of HSP70 and, in many cases, this response is via NO even in the absence of oestrogen. From thence, it is not illogical that hot flushes might be related to an evolutionary adaptation to re-equip the NO-HSP70 axis during the downfall of circulating oestrogen. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding of HSR could shed light on yet uncovered mechanisms of menopause-associated diseases as well as on possible manipulation of HSR in menopausal women through physiological, pharmacological, nutraceutical and prebiotic interventions. Moreover, decreased HSR indices (that can be clinically determined with ease) in perimenopause could be of prognostic value in predicting the moment and appropriateness of starting a HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 'Farroupilha', Rua Uruguai 1675, Santa Rosa, RS 98900-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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915
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Senescent cells have the capacity to both effect and limit fibrosis. Senotherapeutics target senescent cells to improve aging conditions. Here, we review the contexts in which senescent cells mediate wound healing and fibrotic pathology and the potential utility of senotherapeutic drugs for treatment of fibrotic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Multi-action and temporal considerations influence deleterious versus beneficial actions of senescent cells. Acutely generated senescent cells can limit proliferation, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contains factors that can facilitate tissue repair. Long-lived senescent cells that evade clearance or are generated outside of programmed remodeling can deplete the progenitor pool to exhaust regenerative capacity and through the SASP, stimulate continual activation, leading to disorganized tissue architecture, fibrotic damage, sterile inflammation, and induction of bystander senescence. Senescent cells contribute to fibrotic pathogenesis in multiple tissues, including the liver, kidney, and lung. Senotherapeutics may be a viable strategy for treatment of a range of fibrotic conditions.
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916
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Marshall DC, Salciccioli JD, Shea BS, Akuthota P. Trends in mortality from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the European Union: an observational study of the WHO mortality database from 2001-2013. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/1/1701603. [PMID: 29348182 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01603-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and is characterised by progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lungs. The objective of this study was to describe the current mortality rates due to IPF in Europe, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database.We used country-level data for IPF mortality, identified in the WHO mortality database using International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition (ICD-10) codes, for the period 2001-2013. Joinpoint analysis was performed to describe trends throughout the observation period.The median mortality was 3.75 per 100 000 (interquartile range (IQR) 1.37-5.30) and 1.50 per 100 000 (IQR 0.65-2.02) for males and females, respectively. IPF mortality increased in the majority of the European Union (EU) countries with the exceptions of Denmark, Croatia, Austria and Romania. There was a significant disparity in rates across Europe, in the range 0.41-12.1 per 100 000 for men and 0.24-5.63 per 100 000 for women. The most notable increases were observed in the United Kingdom and Finland. Rates were also substantially higher in males, with sex disparity increasing across the period.The reported IPF mortality appears to be increasing across the EU; however, there is substantial variation in mortality trends and overall reported mortality rates between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C Marshall
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin D Salciccioli
- Dept of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barry S Shea
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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917
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Wang D, Wang W, Liang Q, He X, Xia Y, Shen S, Wang H, Gao Q, Wang Y. DHEA-induced ovarian hyperfibrosis is mediated by TGF-β signaling pathway. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:6. [PMID: 29321035 PMCID: PMC5763573 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and endocrine disorder with pathological mechanisms remain unclear. The following study investigates the ovarian hyperfibrosis forming via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)- induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat model. We furthermore explored whether TGF-βRI inhibitor (SB431542) decreases ovarian fibrosis by counterbalancing the expression of fibrotic biomarkers. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Blank group (n = 6), Oil group (n = 6), and Oil + DHEA-induced model group (n = 6 + 12). The model groups were established by subcutaneous injection of DHEA for 35 consecutive days. The 12 successful model rats were additionally divided in vehicle group (n = 6) and SB431542-treated group (n = 6). Vehicle group and SB431542-treated group, served as administration group and were intraperitoneally injected with DMSO and SB431542 for additional 14 consecutive days. Ovarian morphology, fibrin and collagen localization and expression in ovaries were detected using H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and Sirius red staining. The ovarian protein and RNA were examined using Western blot and RT-PCR. Results In DHEA-induced ovary in rat, fibrin and collagen had significantly higher levels, while the main fibrosis markers (TGF-β, CTGF, fibronectin, a-SMA) were obviously upregulated. SB431542 significantly reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules (TGF-β, Smad3, Smad2, a-SMA) and increased anti-fibrotic factor MMP2. Conclusion TGF-βRI inhibitor (SB431542) inhibits the downstream signaling molecules of TGF-β and upregulates MMP2, which in turn prevent collagen deposition. Moreover, ovarian hyperfibrosis in DHEA-induced PCOS rat model could be improved by TGF-βRI inhibitor (SB431542) restraining the transcription of accelerating fibrosis genes and modulating EMT mediator. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13048-017-0375-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yanjie Xia
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Divisions of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical school, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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918
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Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that often occurs as a wound healing response to repeated or chronic tissue injury, and may lead to the disruption of organ architecture and loss of function. Although fibrosis was previously thought to be irreversible, recent evidence indicates that certain circumstances permit the resolution of fibrosis when the underlying causes of injury are eradicated. The mechanism of fibrosis resolution encompasses degradation of the fibrotic extracellular matrix as well as elimination of fibrogenic myofibroblasts through their adaptation of various cell fates, including apoptosis, senescence, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss the present knowledge and gaps in our understanding of how matrix degradation is regulated and how myofibroblast cell fates can be manipulated, areas that may identify potential therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
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919
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Yanai H, Fraifeld VE. The role of cellular senescence in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:18-33. [PMID: 29106993 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since Hayflick's discovery of cellular senescence (CS), a great volume of knowledge in the field has been accumulated and intensively discussed. Here, we attempted to organize the evidence "for" and "against" the hypothesized causal role of CS in aging. For that purpose, we utilized robust Koch-like logical criteria, based on the assumption that some quantitative relationships between the accumulation of senescent cells and aging rate should exist. If so, it could be expected that (i) the "CS load" would be greater in the premature aging phenotype and lesser in longevity phenotype; (ii) CS would promote age-related diseases, and (iii) the interventions that modulate the levels of senescent cells should also modulate health/lifespan. The analysis shows that CS can be considered a causal factor of aging and an important player in various age-related diseases, though its contribution may greatly vary across species. While the relative impact of senescent cells to aging could overall be rather limited and their elimination is hardly expected to be the "fountain of youth", the potential benefits of the senolytic strategy seems a promising option in combating age-related diseases and extending healthspan.
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920
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Robbins PD. Extracellular vesicles and aging. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:98. [PMID: 29359137 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging and the chronic diseases associated with aging place a tremendous burden on our healthcare system. As our world population ages dramatically over the next decades, this will only increase. Hence, there is a great need to discover fundamental mechanisms of aging to enable development of strategies for minimizing the impact of aging on our health and economy. There is general agreement that cell autonomous mechanisms contribute to aging. As cells accrue damage over time, they respond to it by triggering individual cell fate decisions that ultimately disrupt tissue homeostasis and thus increase risk of morbidity. However, there are numerous lines of evidence, including heterochronic parabiosis and plasma transfer, indicating that cell non-autonomous mechanisms are critically important for aging as well. In addition, senescent cells, which accumulate in tissues with age, can display a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that contributes to driving aging and loss of tissue homeostasis through a non-cell autonomous mechanism(s). Given the diverse roles of blood-borne extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating not only the immune response, but also angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, they likely play a key role in modulating the aging process through cell non-autonomous mechanisms. The fact that senescent cells release more EVs and with a different composition suggests they contribute to the adverse effects of senescence on aging. In addition, the ability of EVs from functional progenitor cells to promote tissue regeneration suggests that stem cell-derived EVs could be used therapeutically to extend healthspan. This review focuses on the potential roles of EVs in aging, the potential of EV-based therapeutic applications for extending healthspan and the potential for use of circulating EVs as biomarkers of unhealthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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921
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Hecker L. Mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress in lung disease: therapeutic implications for an aging populace. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L642-L653. [PMID: 29351446 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00275.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the elderly population has led to the recent epidemic of age-related diseases, including increased incidence and mortality of chronic and acute lung diseases. Numerous studies have implicated aging and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases; however, despite recent advances in these fields, the specific contributions of aging and oxidative stress remain elusive. This review will discuss the consequences of aging on lung morphology and physiology, and how redox imbalance with aging contributes to lung disease susceptibility. Here, we focus on three lung diseases for which aging is a significant risk factor: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Preclinical and clinical development for redox- and senescence-altering therapeutic strategies are discussed, as well as scientific advancements that may direct current and future therapeutic development. A deeper understanding of how aging impacts normal lung function, redox balance, and injury-repair processes will inspire the development of new therapies to prevent and/or reverse age-associated pulmonary diseases, and ultimately increase health span and longevity. This review is intended to encourage basic, clinical, and translational research that will bridge knowledge gaps at the intersection of aging, oxidative stress, and lung disease to fuel the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for lung diseases that disproportionately afflict the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona and Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona
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922
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Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases. Chest 2017; 154:394-408. [PMID: 29222007 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco exposure results in various changes to the airways and lung parenchyma. Although emphysema represents the more common injury pattern, in some individuals, cigarette smoke injures alveolar epithelial cells and other lung cells, resulting in diffuse infiltrates and parenchymal fibrosis. Smoking can trigger interstitial injury patterns mediated via recruitment and inappropriate persistence of myeloid and other immune cells, including eosinophils. As our understanding of the role of cigarette smoke constituents in triggering lung injury continues to evolve, so does our recognition of the spectrum of smoking-related interstitial lung changes. Although respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and acute eosinophilic pneumonia have a well-established association with tobacco use, its role and impact on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, and connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung diseases is still ambiguous. Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis is a relatively newly appreciated entity with distinct histopathologic features but with unclear clinical ramifications. Increased implementation of lung cancer screening programs and utilization of CT scans in thoracic imaging have also resulted in increased identification of "incidental" or "subclinical" interstitial lung changes in smokers, the ensuing impact of which remains to be studied.
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923
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Khaidizar FD, Nakahata Y, Kume A, Sumizawa K, Kohno K, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase delays cellular senescence by upregulating SIRT1 activity and antioxidant gene expression in mouse cells. Genes Cells 2017; 22:982-992. [PMID: 29178516 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in tissues of aged animals and deteriorate tissue functions. The elimination of senescent cells from aged mice not only attenuates progression of already established age-related disorders, but also extends median lifespan. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian NAD+ salvage pathway, has shown a protective effect on cellular senescence of human primary cells. However, it still remains unclear how NAMPT has a protective impact on aging in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells undergo progressive decline of NAMPT and NAD+ contents during serial passaging before becoming senescent. Furthermore, we showed that constitutive Nampt over-expression increases cellular NAD+ content and delays cellular senescence of MEF cells in vitro. We further found that constitutive Nampt over-expression increases SIRT1 activity, increases the expression of antioxidant genes, superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase and promotes resistance against oxidative stress. These findings suggest that Nampt over-expression in MEF cells delays cellular senescence by the mitigation of oxidative stress via the upregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase gene expressions by SIRT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiqri D Khaidizar
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Kume
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Sumizawa
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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924
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Stefanatos R, Sanz A. The role of mitochondrial ROS in the aging brain. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:743-758. [PMID: 29106705 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the most complex human organ, consuming more energy than any other tissue in proportion to its size. It relies heavily on mitochondria to produce energy and is made up of mitotic and postmitotic cells that need to closely coordinate their metabolism to maintain essential bodily functions. During aging, damaged mitochondria that produce less ATP and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate. The current consensus is that ROS cause oxidative stress, damaging mitochondria and resulting in an energetic crisis that triggers neurodegenerative diseases and accelerates aging. However, in model organisms, increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in the brain extends lifespan, suggesting that ROS may participate in signaling that protects the brain. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which mtROS are produced at the molecular level, how different brain cells and regions produce different amounts of mtROS, and how mtROS levels change during aging. Finally, we critically discuss the possible roles of ROS in aging as signaling molecules and damaging agents, addressing whether age-associated increases in mtROS are a cause or a consequence of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Stefanatos
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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925
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McHugh D, Gil J. Senescence and aging: Causes, consequences, and therapeutic avenues. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:65-77. [PMID: 29114066 PMCID: PMC5748990 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although we are far from understanding the biological basis of aging, research suggests that targeting the aging process itself could ameliorate many age-related pathologies. Senescence is a cellular response characterized by a stable growth arrest and other phenotypic alterations that include a proinflammatory secretome. Senescence plays roles in normal development, maintains tissue homeostasis, and limits tumor progression. However, senescence has also been implicated as a major cause of age-related disease. In this regard, recent experimental evidence has shown that the genetic or pharmacological ablation of senescent cells extends life span and improves health span. Here, we review the cellular and molecular links between cellular senescence and aging and discuss the novel therapeutic avenues that this connection opens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall McHugh
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, England, UK.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, England, UK .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
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926
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:810. [PMID: 29081515 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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927
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928
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Sokoya T, Steel HC, Nieuwoudt M, Rossouw TM. HIV as a Cause of Immune Activation and Immunosenescence. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6825493. [PMID: 29209103 PMCID: PMC5676471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6825493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic immune activation has emerged as an essential component of the immunopathogenesis of HIV. It not only leads to faster disease progression, but also to accelerated decline of overall immune competence. HIV-associated immune activation is characterized by an increase in proinflammatory mediators, dysfunctional T regulatory cells, and a pattern of T-cell-senescent phenotypes similar to those seen in the elderly. These changes predispose HIV-infected persons to comorbid conditions that have been linked to immunosenescence and inflamm-ageing, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In the antiretroviral treatment era, development of such non-AIDS-defining, age-related comorbidities is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment strategies aimed at curtailing persistent immune activation and inflammation may help prevent the development of these conditions. At present, the most effective strategy appears to be early antiretroviral treatment initiation. No other treatment interventions have been found effective in large-scale clinical trials, and no adjunctive treatment is currently recommended in international HIV treatment guidelines. This article reviews the role of systemic immune activation in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, its causes and the clinical implications linked to immunosenescence in adults, and the therapeutic interventions that have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sokoya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - H. C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - M. Nieuwoudt
- South African Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - T. M. Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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929
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Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process affecting kidneys during aging and in chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of cause. CKD and renal fibrosis affect half of adults above age 70 and 10% of the world's population. Although no targeted therapy yet exists to slow renal fibrosis, a number of important recent advances have clarified the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. In this review, I highlight these advances with a focus on cells and pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. I discuss pathologic changes regulating interstitial myofibroblast activation, including profibrotic and proinflammatory paracrine signals secreted by epithelial cells after either acute or chronic injury. I conclude by highlighting novel therapeutic targets and approaches with particular promise for development of new treatments for patients with fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
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930
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:755-772. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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931
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932
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Childs BG, Gluscevic M, Baker DJ, Laberge RM, Marquess D, Dananberg J, van Deursen JM. Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:718-735. [PMID: 28729727 PMCID: PMC5942225 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronological age represents the single greatest risk factor for human disease. One plausible explanation for this correlation is that mechanisms that drive ageing might also promote age-related diseases. Cellular senescence, which is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest induced by cellular stress, has recently emerged as a fundamental ageing mechanism that also contributes to diseases of late life, including cancer, atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. Therapeutic strategies that safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence, such as the selective elimination of senescent cells (SNCs) or the disruption of the SNC secretome, are gaining significant attention, with several programmes now nearing human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darren J Baker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Remi-Martin Laberge
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Dan Marquess
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Jamie Dananberg
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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933
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Jiang C, Liu G, Luckhardt T, Antony V, Zhou Y, Carter AB, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Serpine 1 induces alveolar type II cell senescence through activating p53-p21-Rb pathway in fibrotic lung disease. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1114-1124. [PMID: 28722352 PMCID: PMC5595683 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells, progenitors of the alveolar epithelium, is implicated in the pathogeneses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an aging‐related progressive fatal lung disorder with unknown etiology. The mechanism underlying ATII cell senescence in fibrotic lung diseases, however, remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that ATII cells in IPF lungs express higher levels of serpine 1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), and cell senescence markers p21 and p16, compared to ATII cells in control lungs. Silencing PAI‐1 or inhibition of PAI‐1 activity in cultured rat ATII (L2) cells leads to decreases in p53 serine 18 phosphorylation (p53S18P), p53 and p21 protein expressions; an increase in retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation (ppRb); and a reduction in the sensitivity to bleomycin‐ and doxorubicin‐induced senescence. Silencing p53, on the other hand, abrogates PAI‐1 protein‐stimulated p21 expression and cell senescence. In vivo studies, using ATII cell‐specific PAI‐1 conditional knockout mouse model generated recently in this laboratory, further support the role of PAI‐1 in the activation of p53‐p21‐Rb cell cycle repression pathway, ATII cell senescence, and lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. This study reveals a novel function of PAI‐1 in regulation of cell cycle and suggests that elevation of PAI‐1 contributes importantly to ATII cell senescence in fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - A. Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care; Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
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934
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Identification of HSP90 inhibitors as a novel class of senolytics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:422. [PMID: 28871086 PMCID: PMC5583353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for many chronic degenerative diseases and cancer. Increased senescent cell burden in various tissues is a major contributor to aging and age-related diseases. Recently, a new class of drugs termed senolytics were demonstrated to extending healthspan, reducing frailty and improving stem cell function in multiple murine models of aging. To identify novel and more optimal senotherapeutic drugs and combinations, we established a senescence associated β-galactosidase assay as a screening platform to rapidly identify drugs that specifically affect senescent cells. We used primary Ercc1−/− murine embryonic fibroblasts with reduced DNA repair capacity, which senesce rapidly if grown at atmospheric oxygen. This platform was used to screen a small library of compounds that regulate autophagy, identifying two inhibitors of the HSP90 chaperone family as having significant senolytic activity in mouse and human cells. Treatment of Ercc1−/∆ mice, a mouse model of a human progeroid syndrome, with the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG extended healthspan, delayed the onset of several age-related symptoms and reduced p16INK4a expression. These results demonstrate the utility of our screening platform to identify senotherapeutic agents as well as identified HSP90 inhibitors as a promising new class of senolytic drugs. The accumulation of senescent cells is thought to contribute to the age-associated decline in tissue function. Here, the authors identify HSP90 inhibitors as a new class of senolytic compounds in an in vitro screening and show that administration of a HSP90 inhibitor reduces age-related symptoms in progeroid mice.
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935
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Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T, Zhu Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. The Clinical Potential of Senolytic Drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2297-2301. [PMID: 28869295 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senolytic drugs are agents that selectively induce apoptosis of senescent cells. These cells accumulate in many tissues with aging and at sites of pathology in multiple chronic diseases. In studies in animals, targeting senescent cells using genetic or pharmacological approaches delays, prevents, or alleviates multiple age-related phenotypes, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes, and loss of physiological resilience. Among the chronic conditions successfully treated by depleting senescent cells in preclinical studies are frailty, cardiac dysfunction, vascular hyporeactivity and calcification, diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, osteoporosis, vertebral disk degeneration, pulmonary fibrosis, and radiation-induced damage. Senolytic agents are being tested in proof-of-concept clinical trials. To do so, new clinical trial paradigms for testing senolytics and other agents that target fundamental aging mechanisms are being developed, because use of long-term endpoints such as lifespan or healthspan is not feasible. These strategies include testing effects on multimorbidity, accelerated aging-like conditions, diseases with localized accumulation of senescent cells, potentially fatal diseases associated with senescent cell accumulation, age-related loss of physiological resilience, and frailty. If senolytics or other interventions that target fundamental aging processes prove to be effective and safe in clinical trials, they could transform geriatric medicine by enabling prevention or treatment of multiple diseases and functional deficits in parallel, instead of one at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
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936
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Masaldan S, Clatworthy SAS, Gamell C, Meggyesy PM, Rigopoulos AT, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Denoyer D, Adlard PA, Bush AI, Cater MA. Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and inhibition of ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2017; 14:100-115. [PMID: 28888202 PMCID: PMC5596264 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterised by the irreversible arrest of proliferation, a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype and evasion of programmed cell death mechanisms. We report that senescence alters cellular iron acquisition and storage and also impedes iron-mediated cell death pathways. Senescent cells, regardless of stimuli (irradiation, replicative or oncogenic), accumulate vast amounts of intracellular iron (up to 30-fold) with concomitant changes in the levels of iron homeostasis proteins. For instance, ferritin (iron storage) levels provided a robust biomarker of cellular senescence, for associated iron accumulation and for resistance to iron-induced toxicity. Cellular senescence preceded iron accumulation and was not perturbed by sustained iron chelation (deferiprone). Iron accumulation in senescent cells was driven by impaired ferritinophagy, a lysosomal process that promotes ferritin degradation and ferroptosis. Lysosomal dysfunction in senescent cells was confirmed through several markers, including the build-up of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) in autophagosomes. Impaired ferritin degradation explains the iron accumulation phenotype of senescent cells, whereby iron is effectively trapped in ferritin creating a perceived cellular deficiency. Accordingly, senescent cells were highly resistant to ferroptosis. Promoting ferritin degradation by using the autophagy activator rapamycin averted the iron accumulation phenotype of senescent cells, preventing the increase of TfR1, ferritin and intracellular iron, but failed to re-sensitize these cells to ferroptosis. Finally, the enrichment of senescent cells in mouse ageing hepatic tissue was found to accompany iron accumulation, an elevation in ferritin and mirrored our observations using cultured senescent cells. Altered iron homeostasis in senescent cells is driven by impaired ferritinophagy. Impaired ferritinophagy causes functional cellular iron deficiency. senescent cells are resistant to iron mediated cell death including ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Masaldan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Sharnel A S Clatworthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Peter M Meggyesy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Antonia-Tonia Rigopoulos
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Delphine Denoyer
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael A Cater
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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937
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Álvarez D, Cárdenes N, Sellarés J, Bueno M, Corey C, Hanumanthu VS, Peng Y, D'Cunha H, Sembrat J, Nouraie M, Shanker S, Caufield C, Shiva S, Armanios M, Mora AL, Rojas M. IPF lung fibroblasts have a senescent phenotype. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1164-L1173. [PMID: 28860144 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00220.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of aging that are involved in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are still unclear. Although it has been hypothesized that the proliferation and activation of human lung fibroblasts (hLFs) are essential in IPF, no studies have assessed how this process works in an aging lung. Our goal was to elucidate if there were age-related changes on primary hLFs isolated from IPF lungs compared with age-matched controls. We investigated several hallmarks of aging in hLFs from IPF patients and age-matched controls. IPF hLFs have increased cellular senescence with higher expression of β-galactosidase, p21, p16, p53, and cytokines related to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as well as decreased proliferation/apoptosis compared with age-matched controls. Additionally, we observed shorter telomeres, mitochondrial dysfunction, and upon transforming growth factor-β stimulation, increased markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data suggest that IPF hLFs develop senescence resulting in a decreased apoptosis and that the development of SASP may be an important contributor to the fibrotic process observed in IPF. These results might change the existing paradigm, which describes fibroblasts as aberrantly activated cells, to a cell with a senescence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Álvarez
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nayra Cárdenes
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacobo Sellarés
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marta Bueno
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Corey
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Yating Peng
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah D'Cunha
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Sembrat
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Swaroop Shanker
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chandler Caufield
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Armanios
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana L Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
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938
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Hernandez-Segura A, de Jong TV, Melov S, Guryev V, Campisi J, Demaria M. Unmasking Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Senescent Cells. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2652-2660.e4. [PMID: 28844647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversibly arrested proliferation, often induced by genotoxic stress [1]. Senescent cells participate in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including tumor suppression [2], embryonic development [3, 4], tissue repair [5-8], and organismal aging [9]. The senescence program is variably characterized by several non-exclusive markers, including constitutive DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-βgal) activity, increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p16INK4A (CDKN2A) and p21CIP1 (CDKN1A), increased secretion of many bio-active factors (the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP), and reduced expression of the nuclear lamina protein LaminB1 (LMNB1) [1]. Many senescence-associated markers result from altered transcription, but the senescent phenotype is variable, and methods for clearly identifying senescent cells are lacking [10]. Here, we characterize the heterogeneity of the senescence program using numerous whole-transcriptome datasets generated by us or publicly available. We identify transcriptome signatures associated with specific senescence-inducing stresses or senescent cell types and identify and validate genes that are commonly differentially regulated. We also show that the senescent phenotype is dynamic, changing at varying intervals after senescence induction. Identifying novel transcriptome signatures to detect any type of senescent cell or to discriminate among diverse senescence programs is an attractive strategy for determining the diverse biological roles of senescent cells and developing specific drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Hernandez-Segura
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tristan V de Jong
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, 94945 Novato CA, USA
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, 94945 Novato CA, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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939
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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940
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Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. Modeling DNA damage-induced pneumopathy in mice: insight from danger signaling cascades. Radiat Oncol 2017; 12:142. [PMID: 28836991 PMCID: PMC5571607 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis represent severe and dose-limiting side effects in the radiotherapy of thorax-associated neoplasms leading to decreased quality of life or - as a consequence of treatment with suboptimal radiation doses - to fatal outcomes by local recurrence or metastatic disease. It is assumed that the initial radiation-induced damage to the resident cells triggers a multifaceted damage-signalling cascade in irradiated normal tissues including a multifactorial secretory program. The resulting pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic microenvironment triggers a cascade of events that can lead within weeks to a pronounced lung inflammation (pneumonitis) or after months to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix molecules and tissue scarring (pulmonary fibrosis).The use of preclinical in vivo models of DNA damage-induced pneumopathy in genetically modified mice has helped to substantially advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms and signalling molecules that participate in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced adverse late effects in the lung. Herein, murine models of whole thorax irradiation or hemithorax irradiation nicely reproduce the pathogenesis of the human disease with respect to the time course and the clinical symptoms. Alternatively, treatment with the radiomimetic DNA damaging chemotherapeutic drug Bleomycin (BLM) has frequently been used as a surrogate model of radiation-induced lung disease. The advantage of the BLM model is that the symptoms of pneumonitis and fibrosis develop within 1 month.Here we summarize and discuss published data about the role of danger signalling in the response of the lung tissue to DNA damage and its cross-talk with the innate and adaptive immune systems obtained in preclinical studies using immune-deficient inbred mouse strains and genetically modified mice. Interestingly we observed differences in the role of molecules involved in damage sensing (TOLL-like receptors), damage signalling (MyD88) and immune regulation (cytokines, CD73, lymphocytes) for the pathogenesis and progression of DNA damage-induced pneumopathy between the models of pneumopathy induced by whole thorax irradiation or treatment with the radiomimetic drug BLM. These findings underline the importance to pursue studies in the radiation model(s) if we are to unravel the mechanisms driving radiation-induced adverse late effects.A better understanding of the cross-talk of danger perception and signalling with immune activation and repair mechanisms may allow a modulation of these processes to prevent or treat radiation-induced adverse effects. Vice-versa an improved knowledge of the normal tissue response to injury is also particularly important in view of the increasing interest in combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade or immunotherapies to avoid exacerbation of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, Essen, Germany.
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941
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Lehmann M, Korfei M, Mutze K, Klee S, Skronska-Wasek W, Alsafadi HN, Ota C, Costa R, Schiller HB, Lindner M, Wagner DE, Günther A, Königshoff M. Senolytic drugs target alveolar epithelial cell function and attenuate experimental lung fibrosis ex vivo. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/2/1602367. [PMID: 28775044 PMCID: PMC5593348 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02367-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The incidence of IPF increases with age, and ageing-related mechanisms such as cellular senescence have been proposed as pathogenic drivers. The lung alveolar epithelium represents a major site of tissue injury in IPF and senescence of this cell population is probably detrimental to lung repair. However, the potential pathomechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell senescence and the impact of senolytic drugs on senescent lung cells and fibrosis remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that lung epithelial cells exhibit increased P16 and P21 expression as well as senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in experimental and human lung fibrosis tissue and primary cells. Primary fibrotic mouse alveolar epithelial type (AT)II cells secreted increased amounts of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors in vitro, as analysed using quantitative PCR, mass spectrometry and ELISA. Importantly, pharmacological clearance of senescent cells by induction of apoptosis in fibrotic ATII cells or ex vivo three-dimensional lung tissue cultures reduced SASP factors and extracellular matrix markers, while increasing alveolar epithelial markers. These data indicate that alveolar epithelial cell senescence contributes to lung fibrosis development and that senolytic drugs may be a viable therapeutic option for IPF. Alveolar epithelial cell senescence occurs in IPF and senolytic treatment attenuates experimental lung fibrosishttp://ow.ly/nFlz30bsmNm
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Lehmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Korfei
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Klee
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Wioletta Skronska-Wasek
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Costa
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Biobank for Lung Diseases, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Asklepios Clinic Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany.,European IPF Network and European IPF Registry
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany .,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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942
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O'Hara SP, La Russo NF. Cellular senescence, neuropeptides and hepatic fibrosis: Additional insights into increasing complexity. Hepatology 2017; 66:318-320. [PMID: 28466510 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P O'Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nicholas F La Russo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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943
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Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Advances in Therapeutic Approaches to Extend Healthspan: a perspective from the 2 nd Scripps Symposium on the Biology of Aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:610-614. [PMID: 28585366 PMCID: PMC5506446 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2nd Scripps Florida Symposium on The Biology of Aging entitled ‘Advances in Therapeutic Approaches to Extend Healthspan’ was held on January 22nd–25th, 2017 at The Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida. The meeting highlighted a variety of therapeutic approaches in animal models of aging that either are or soon will be in clinic trials. For example, drugs targeting senescent cells, metformin, rapalogs, NAD precursors, young plasma, mitochondrial‐targeted free radical scavengers, stem cells, and stem cell factors all have shown significant preclinical efficacy. This perspective, based on presentations and discussions at the symposium, outlines the current and future state of development of therapeutic approaches to extend human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging; The Scripps Research Institute; Jupiter FL 33458 USA
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944
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Miller EJ, Linge HM. Age-Related Changes in Immunological and Physiological Responses Following Pulmonary Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1294. [PMID: 28629122 PMCID: PMC5486115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current status of knowledge of sepsis and pneumonia in the elderly population and how the dynamics of the pulmonary challenge affects outcome and consequences. Led by an unprecedented shift in demographics, where a larger proportion of the population will reach an older age, clinical and experimental research shows that aging is associated with certain pulmonary changes, but it is during infectious insult of the lungs, as in the case of pneumonia, that the age-related differences in responsiveness and endurance become obvious and lead to a worse outcome than in the younger population. This review points to the neutrophil, and the endothelium as important players in understanding age-associated changes in responsiveness to infectious challenge of the lung. It also addresses how the immunological set-point influences injury-repair phases, remote organ damage and how intake of drugs may alter the state of responsiveness in the users. Further, it points out the importance of considering age as a factor in inclusion criteria in clinical trials, in vitro/ex vivo experimental designs and overall interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Miller
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA.
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA.
| | - Helena M Linge
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA.
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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945
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946
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Cellular Senescence: A Translational Perspective. EBioMedicine 2017; 21:21-28. [PMID: 28416161 PMCID: PMC5514381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence entails essentially irreversible replicative arrest, apoptosis resistance, and frequently acquisition of a pro-inflammatory, tissue-destructive senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues with aging and at sites of pathogenesis in many chronic diseases and conditions. The SASP can contribute to senescence-related inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, stem cell dysfunction, aging phenotypes, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes, and loss of resilience. Delaying senescent cell accumulation or reducing senescent cell burden is associated with delay, prevention, or alleviation of multiple senescence-associated conditions. We used a hypothesis-driven approach to discover pro-survival Senescent Cell Anti-apoptotic Pathways (SCAPs) and, based on these SCAPs, the first senolytic agents, drugs that cause senescent cells to become susceptible to their own pro-apoptotic microenvironment. Several senolytic agents, which appear to alleviate multiple senescence-related phenotypes in pre-clinical models, are beginning the process of being translated into clinical interventions that could be transformative. Cellular senescence is among the aging processes underlying chronic diseases, loss of resilience, and geriatric syndromes. Senolytics selectively induce senescent cell apoptosis. They delay or alleviate multiple disorders in preclinical studies. If senolytics are demonstrated to be effective and safe in clinical trials, they could be transformative.
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Martin N, Bernard D. Calcium signaling and cellular senescence. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:16-23. [PMID: 28410770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell proliferation arrest induced by a variety of stresses including telomere shortening, oncogene activation and oxidative stress. This process plays a crucial role in many physiopathological contexts, especially during aging when cellular senescence favors development of age-related diseases, shortening lifespan. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling senescence are still a matter of active research. In the last decade, there has been emerging literature indicating a key involvement of calcium signaling in cellular senescence. In this review we will initially give an account of the direct evidence linking calcium and the regulation of senescence. We will then review our current knowledge on the role of calcium in some senescence-associated features and physiopathological conditions, which will shed light on additional ways in which calcium signaling is implicated in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Martin
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373 Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, F-69373 Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - David Bernard
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69373 Lyon, France; CNRS UMR 5286, F-69373 Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, F-69373 Lyon, France.
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