99751
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Handelman SK, Puentes YM, Kuppa A, Chen Y, Du X, Feitosa MF, Palmer ND, Speliotes EK. Population-based meta-analysis and gene-set enrichment identifies FXR/RXR pathway as common to fatty liver disease and serum lipids. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3120-3131. [PMID: 36098472 PMCID: PMC9592792 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide. NAFLD is associated with elevated serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Both NAFLD and blood lipid levels are genetically influenced and may share a common genetic etiology. We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-ranked genes and gene-set enrichment analysis to identify pathways that affect serum lipids and NAFLD. We identified credible genes in these pathways and characterized missense variants in these for effects on serum traits. We used MAGENTA to identify 58 enriched pathways from publicly available TG, LDL, and HDL GWAS (n = 99,000). Three of these pathways were also enriched for associations with European-ancestry NAFLD GWAS (n = 7176). One pathway, farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation, was replicated for association in an African-ancestry NAFLD GWAS (n = 3214) and plays a role in serum lipids and NAFLD. Credible genes (proteins) in FXR/RXR activation include those associated with cholesterol/bile/bilirubin transport/absorption (ABCC2 (MRP2) [ATP binding cassette subfamily C member (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2)], ABCG5, ABCG8 [ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters G5 and G8], APOB (APOB) [apolipoprotein B], FABP6 (ILBP) [fatty acid binding protein 6 (ileal lipid-binding protein)], MTTP (MTP) [microsomal triglyceride transfer protein], SLC4A2 (AE2) [solute carrier family 4 member 2 (anion exchange protein 2)]), nuclear hormone-mediated control of metabolism (NR0B2 (SHP) [nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 (small heterodimer partner)], NR1H4 (FXR) [nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 (FXR)], PPARA (PPAR) [peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha], FOXO1 (FOXO1A) [forkhead box O1]), or other pathways (FETUB (FETUB) [fetuin B]). Missense variants in ABCC2 (MRP2), ABCG5 (ABCG5), ABCG8 (ABCG8), APOB (APOB), MTTP (MTP), NR0B2 (SHP), NR1H4 (FXR), and PPARA (PPAR) that associate with serum LDL levels also associate with serum liver function tests in UK Biobank. Conclusion: Genetic variants in NR1H4 (FXR) that protect against liver steatosis increase serum LDL cholesterol while variants in other members of the family have congruent effects on these traits. Human genetic pathway enrichment analysis can help guide therapeutic development by identifying effective targets for NAFLD/serum lipid manipulation while minimizing side effects. In addition, missense variants could be used in companion diagnostics to determine their influence on drug effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Handelman
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yindra M. Puentes
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of GeneticsWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of BiochemistryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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99752
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Endocrine resistance and breast cancer plasticity are controlled by CoREST. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:1122-1135. [PMID: 36344844 PMCID: PMC9707522 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cancer treatment remains a major clinical hurdle. Here, we demonstrate that the CoREST complex is a key determinant of endocrine resistance and ER+ breast cancer plasticity. In endocrine-sensitive cells, CoREST is recruited to regulatory regions co-bound to ERα and FOXA1 to regulate the estrogen pathway. In contrast, during temporal reprogramming towards a resistant state, CoREST is recruited to AP-1 sites. In reprogrammed cells, CoREST favors chromatin opening, cJUN binding to chromatin, and gene activation by controlling SWI/SNF recruitment independently of the demethylase activity of the CoREST subunit LSD1. Genetic and pharmacological CoREST inhibition reduces tumorigenesis and metastasis of endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant xenograft models. Consistently, CoREST controls a gene signature involved in invasiveness in clinical breast tumors resistant to endocrine therapies. Our studies reveal CoREST functions that are co-opted to drive cellular plasticity and resistance to endocrine therapies and tumorigenesis, thus establishing CoREST as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
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99753
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Chen M, Xie CR, Shi YZ, Tang TC, Zheng H. Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:187-193. [PMID: 35961601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies showed an association between gut microbiota and depression, but the causality relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to determine whether there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and major depressive disorders (MDD) and explore the role of gut microbiota in decreasing the risk of MDD. METHODS Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study acquired top SNPs associated with the composition of gut microbiota (n = 18,340) and with MDDs (n = 480,359) from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The SNPs estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis, with sensitivity analyses-weighted median, MR Egger, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO). RESULTS The Actinobacteria class had protective causal effects on MDD (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.87 to 0.9). The Bifidobacterium (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.91) were further found to have similar effects as the Actinobacteria class. The genus Ruminococcus1 had a protective effect on MDD (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.99) while the Streptococcaceae family and its genus had an anti-protective effect on MDD (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.13), but these findings were not supported by the MR-Egger analysis. Bidirectional MR showed no effect of MDD on gut microbiota composition. LIMITATIONS The use of summary-level data, the risk of sample overlap and low statistical power are the major limiting factors. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analysis showed a protective effect of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus and a potentially anti-protective effect of Streptococcaceae on MDD pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to transform the findings into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of colorectal diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chao-Rong Xie
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yun-Zhou Shi
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tai-Chun Tang
- Department of colorectal diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hui Zheng
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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99754
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Research progress on the role of cholesterol in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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99755
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Bousset L, Gil J. Targeting senescence as an anticancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3855-3880. [PMID: 36065138 PMCID: PMC9627790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response elicited by different molecular insults. Senescence results in cell cycle exit and is characterised by multiple phenotypic changes such as the production of a bioactive secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are present in cancerous and fibrotic lesions. Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) have shown great promise for the treatment of age-related diseases. Senescence plays paradoxical roles in cancer. Induction of senescence limits cancer progression and contributes to therapy success, but lingering senescent cells fuel progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the intricate relation between senescence and cancer. Moreover, we enumerate how current anticancer therapies induce senescence in tumour cells and how senolytic agents could be deployed to complement anticancer therapies. "One-two punch" therapies aim to first induce senescence in the tumour followed by senolytic treatment to target newly exposed vulnerabilities in senescent tumour cells. "One-two punch" represents an emerging and promising new strategy in cancer treatment. Future challenges of "one-two punch" approaches include how to best monitor senescence in cancer patients to effectively survey their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
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99756
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Wang YC, Mao XT, Yu D, Mao SH, Li ZS, Zou WB, Liao Z. Alcohol amplifies the association between common variants at PRSS1-PRSS2 locus and chronic pancreatitis in a dose-dependent manner. Gut 2022; 71:2369-2371. [PMID: 34996825 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Han Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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99757
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Murashige D, Jung JW, Neinast MD, Levin MG, Chu Q, Lambert JP, Garbincius JF, Kim B, Hoshino A, Marti-Pamies I, McDaid KS, Shewale SV, Flam E, Yang S, Roberts E, Li L, Morley MP, Bedi KC, Hyman MC, Frankel DS, Margulies KB, Assoian RK, Elrod JW, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Extra-cardiac BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure and protects from heart failure. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1749-1764.e7. [PMID: 36223763 PMCID: PMC9633425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic activation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is protective in models of heart failure (HF). How protection occurs remains unclear, although a causative block in cardiac BCAA oxidation is widely assumed. Here, we use in vivo isotope infusions to show that cardiac BCAA oxidation in fact increases, rather than decreases, in HF. Moreover, cardiac-specific activation of BCAA oxidation does not protect from HF even though systemic activation does. Lowering plasma and cardiac BCAAs also fails to confer significant protection, suggesting alternative mechanisms of protection. Surprisingly, activation of BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure (BP), a known cardioprotective mechanism. BP lowering occurred independently of nitric oxide and reflected vascular resistance to adrenergic constriction. Mendelian randomization studies revealed that elevated plasma BCAAs portend higher BP in humans. Together, these data indicate that BCAA oxidation lowers vascular resistance, perhaps in part explaining cardioprotection in HF that is not mediated directly in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Murashige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Boa Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ingrid Marti-Pamies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendra S McDaid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Swapnil V Shewale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Flam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilia Roberts
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Hyman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Frankel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard K Assoian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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99758
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Quantitative Sequencing Analysis of the Striatal Transcriptome in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. Int Neurourol J 2022; 26:S117-125. [PMID: 36503214 PMCID: PMC9767686 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2244256.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the transcriptomic changes in the striatum of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice and uncover its association with the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) mediated-changes in striatal epigenetic signature during Alzheimer disease (AD) pathological progression. METHODS To observe transcriptomic alterations in the striatum before the onset of cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice, quantitative 3'mRNA sequencing was performed with RNA extracted from the striatum of 6-month-old and 12-month-old wildtype and APP/PS1 mice. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was conducted with the DNA from wildtype and APP/PS1 mice of the same age as aforementioned. For transcriptomic analysis, comparison terms were constructed based on aging and transgene expression-normal-aging (12-month-old wildtype/6-month-old wildtype), early-AD (6-month-old APP/PS1/6-month-old wildtype), and late-AD (12-month-old APP/PS1/6-month-old wildtype). To compare the changes in biological pathways and networks, we analyzed gene lists from each comparison term via bioinformatics tools including DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery), STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins), and SynGO (Synaptic Gene Ontologies). Furthermore, to assume the effect MeCP2 in AD pathological conditions may have on the transcriptome regulation, analysis of the common genes from Quant-Seq and MeCP2-ChIP-Seq was performed. RESULTS Enriched pathways including immune system and inflammatory response were confirmed in normal- aging and lateAD, respectively. In particular, enriched pathways of gene expression regulation, transcriptional regulation, and protein catabolic pathways were found to be significantly altered in early-AD. MeCP2-bound genes that were significantly altered in the transcriptome were suggested to be target genes that have a role in the striatum of the early-stage AD model. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that the alteration of the striatal transcriptomic profile in APP/PS1 mice was involved with several biological pathways. Additionally, comparative analysis of the transcriptomic changes and the MeCP2 bound regions found that a group of differentially expressed genes may be regulated under the epigenetic control of MeCP2.
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99759
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Morris GE, Denniff MJ, Karamanavi E, Andrews SA, Kostogrys RB, Bountziouka V, Ghaderi‐Najafabadi M, Shamkhi N, McConnell G, Kaiser MA, Carleton L, Schofield C, Kessler T, Rainbow RD, Samani NJ, Webb TR. The integrin ligand SVEP1 regulates GPCR-mediated vasoconstriction via integrins α9β1 and α4β1. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4958-4973. [PMID: 35802072 PMCID: PMC9805129 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular tone is regulated by the relative contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Several integrins directly modulate VSMC contraction by regulating calcium influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Genetic variants in ITGA9, which encodes the α9 subunit of integrin α9β1, and SVEP1, a ligand for integrin α9β1, associate with elevated blood pressure; however, neither SVEP1 nor integrin α9β1 has reported roles in vasoregulation. We determined whether SVEP1 and integrin α9β1 can regulate VSMC contraction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH SVEP1 and integrin binding were confirmed by immunoprecipitation and cell binding assays. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived VSMCs were used in in vitro [Ca2+ ]i studies, and aortas from a Svep1+/- knockout mouse model were used in wire myography to measure vessel contraction. KEY RESULTS We confirmed the ligation of SVEP1 to integrin α9β1 and additionally found SVEP1 to directly bind to integrin α4β1. Inhibition of SVEP1, integrin α4β1 or α9β1 significantly enhanced [Ca2+ ]i levels in isolated VSMCs to Gαq/11 -vasoconstrictors. This response was confirmed in whole vessels where a greater contraction to U46619 was seen in vessels from Svep1+/- mice compared to littermate controls or when integrin α4β1 or α9β1 was inhibited. Inhibition studies suggested that this effect was mediated via VGCCs, PKC and Rho A/Rho kinase dependent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our studies reveal a novel role for SVEP1 and the integrins α4β1 and α9β1 in reducing VSMC contractility. This could provide an explanation for the genetic associations with blood pressure risk at the SVEP1 and ITGA9 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin E. Morris
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Matthew J. Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Elisavet Karamanavi
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Sarah A. Andrews
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Renata B. Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Vasiliki Bountziouka
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Maryam Ghaderi‐Najafabadi
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Noor Shamkhi
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - George McConnell
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Michael A. Kaiser
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | | | | | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre MunichTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e. V.), Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Richard D. Rainbow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Thomas R. Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
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99760
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Matsuoka K, Fujii T, Okamoto R, Yamada A, Kunisaki R, Matsuura M, Watanabe K, Shiga H, Takatsu N, Bamba S, Mikami Y, Yamamoto T, Shimoyama T, Motoya S, Torisu T, Kobayashi T, Ohmiya N, Saruta M, Matsuda K, Matsumoto T, Nakase H, Maemoto A, Shinzaki S, Murata Y, Yoshigoe S, Sasaki A, Yajima T, Hisamatsu T. Characteristics of adult patients newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease: interim analysis of the nation-wide inception cohort registry study of patients with Crohn's disease in Japan (iCREST-CD). J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:867-878. [PMID: 35930087 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Inception Cohort Registry Study of Patients with Crohn's Disease aimed to clarify clinical characteristics and disease course of newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients in Japan throughout a 4-year period. Results from an interim analysis of the largest nation-wide registry study that covers approximately 1% of Crohn's disease patient population in Japan are reported. METHODS This prospective, observational registry study was conducted at 19 tertiary centers in Japan. Patients newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease after June 2016 (age ≥ 16 years at informed consent) were enrolled between December 17, 2018 and June 30, 2020. Patient demographics, diagnostic procedures and categories, disease location and lesion behavior (Montreal classification) at the time of diagnosis were recorded. RESULTS Of 673 patients enrolled, 672 (99.9%) were analyzed (458: men, 214: women), male-to-female ratio: 2.1, median age at diagnosis 25 (range 13-86) years; peak age of disease diagnosis: 20-24 years. Most common disease location was L3 (ileocolonic; 60.1%). Non-stricturing, non-penetrating (B1) disease was most common behavior (62.8%); 48.9% reported perianal lesions. Notably, age-wise analysis revealed disease phenotypes varied between patients aged < 40 and ≥ 40 years in terms of male-to-female ratio (2.5/1.3)/disease location (L3: 66.3%/37.0%)/disease behavior (B1: 66.4%/50.0%)/perianal lesion: (55.7%/20.5%) at Crohn's disease diagnosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Interim analysis of this nation-wide Inception Cohort Registry Study of Patients with Crohn's Disease revealed the demographics and disease characteristics of newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients in Japan and demonstrated that disease phenotype varied between patients aged < 40 and ≥ 40 years, serving as important information for management of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Kunisaki
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noritaka Takatsu
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Division of Digestive Endoscopy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjiku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimoyama
- Department of Surgery and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokkaichi Hazu Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Satoshi Motoya
- IBD Center, Hokkaido Preventive Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperative, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Advanced Endoscopy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maemoto
- IBD Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Murata
- Medical Affairs Division, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshigoe
- Medical Affairs Division, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Sasaki
- Medical Affairs Division, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yajima
- Statistics & Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
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99761
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Liu S, Tan C, Tyers M, Zetterberg A, Kafri R. What programs the size of animal cells? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949382. [PMID: 36393871 PMCID: PMC9665425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is programmed with definite quantities, magnitudes, and proportions. At the microscopic level, such definite sizes manifest in individual cells - different cell types are characterized by distinct cell sizes whereas cells of the same type are highly uniform in size. How do cells in a population maintain uniformity in cell size, and how are changes in target size programmed? A convergence of recent and historical studies suggest - just as a thermostat maintains room temperature - the size of proliferating animal cells is similarly maintained by homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we first summarize old and new literature on the existence of cell size checkpoints, then discuss additional advances in the study of size homeostasis that involve feedback regulation of cellular growth rate. We further discuss recent progress on the molecules that underlie cell size checkpoints and mechanisms that specify target size setpoints. Lastly, we discuss a less-well explored teleological question: why does cell size matter and what is the functional importance of cell size control?
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Shixuan Liu, ; Ran Kafri,
| | - Ceryl Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anders Zetterberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ran Kafri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Shixuan Liu, ; Ran Kafri,
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99762
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Jordà‐Siquier T, Petrel M, Kouskoff V, Smailovic U, Cordelières F, Frykman S, Müller U, Mulle C, Barthet G. APP accumulates with presynaptic proteins around amyloid plaques: A role for presynaptic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease? Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2099-2116. [PMID: 35076178 PMCID: PMC9786597 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the distribution of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its fragments other than amyloid beta, has not been fully characterized. Here, we investigate the distribution of APP and its fragments in human AD brain samples and in mouse models of AD in reference to its proteases, synaptic proteins, and histopathological features characteristic of the AD brain, by combining an extensive set of histological and analytical tools. We report that the prominent somatic distribution of APP observed in control patients remarkably vanishes in human AD patients to the benefit of dense accumulations of extra-somatic APP, which surround dense-core amyloid plaques enriched in APP-Nter. These features are accentuated in patients with familial forms of the disease. Importantly, APP accumulations are enriched in phosphorylated tau and presynaptic proteins whereas they are depleted of post-synaptic proteins suggesting that the extra-somatic accumulations of APP are of presynaptic origin. Ultrastructural analyses unveil that APP concentrates in autophagosomes and in multivesicular bodies together with presynaptic vesicle proteins. Altogether, alteration of APP distribution and its accumulation together with presynaptic proteins around dense-core amyloid plaques is a key histopathological feature in AD, lending support to the notion that presynaptic failure is a strong physiopathological component of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomàs Jordà‐Siquier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Melina Petrel
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Vladimir Kouskoff
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Una Smailovic
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Fabrice Cordelières
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Susanne Frykman
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Christophe Mulle
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Gaël Barthet
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
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99763
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Li W, Shao C, Zhou H, Du H, Chen H, Wan H, He Y. Multi-omics research strategies in ischemic stroke: A multidimensional perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101730. [PMID: 36087702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disorder with high rate of death and long-term impairment. Despite years of studies, there are still no stroke biomarkers for clinical practice, and the molecular mechanisms of stroke remain largely unclear. The high-throughput omics approach provides new avenues for discovering biomarkers of IS and explaining its pathological mechanisms. However, single-omics approaches only provide a limited understanding of the biological pathways of diseases. The integration of multiple omics data means the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites, revealing networks of interactions between multiple molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics approaches will provide helpful insights into stroke pathogenesis, therapeutic target identification and biomarker discovery. Here, we consider advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and outline their use in discovering the biomarkers and pathological mechanisms of IS. We then delineate strategies for achieving integration at the multi-omics level and discuss how integrative omics and systems biology can contribute to our understanding and management of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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99764
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Wang R, Mao C, Ming F. PeMYB4L interacts with PeMYC4 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Phalaenopsis orchid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111423. [PMID: 35995112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis spp., one genus of Orchidaceae, have become very popular worldwide for their fascinating flowers with various colors and pigmentation patterns. Several R2R3-MYB transcription factors have been reported to function in anthocyanin accumulation in Phalaenopsis spp. However, its molecular mechanism underlying the detailed regulatory pathway remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel subgroup 2 R2R3-MYB transcription factor PeMYB4L, the expression profile of which was concomitant with red color formation in Phalaenopsis spp. flowers. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression assay verified that PeMYB4L promotes anthocyanin accumulation in flower tissues. In addition, PeMYB4L could directly regulates the expression of Phalaenopsis spp. chalcone synthase gene (PeCHS) through MYBST1 (GGATA) binding site. It's interesting that the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein PeMYC4 shows opposite expression pattern from PeMYB4L in anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, PeMYC4 was verified to form MYB-bHLH complex with PeMYB4L, and attenuated the expression of PeCHS and weakened anthocyanin production, indicating a novel regulatory model of MYB-bHLH complex. Our findings uncover the detailed regulatory pathway of MYB-bHLH, and might provide a new insight into the complicated anthocyanin pigmentation in Phalaenopsis spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
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99765
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Jahanimoghadam A, Abdolahzadeh H, Rad NK, Zahiri J. Discovering Common Pathogenic Mechanisms of COVID-19 and Parkinson Disease: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2326-2337. [PMID: 36301487 PMCID: PMC9607846 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged since December 2019 and was later characterized as a pandemic by WHO, imposing a major public health threat globally. Our study aimed to identify common signatures from different biological levels to enlighten the current unclear association between COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease (PD) as a number of possible links, and hypotheses were reported in the literature. We have analyzed transcriptome data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both COVID-19 and PD patients, resulting in a total of 81 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment analysis of common DEGs are mostly involved in the complement system, type II interferon gamma (IFNG) signaling pathway, oxidative damage, microglia pathogen phagocytosis pathway, and GABAergic synapse. The protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) construction was carried out followed by hub detection, revealing 10 hub genes (MX1, IFI27, C1QC, C1QA, IFI6, NFIX, C1S, XAF1, IFI35, and ELANE). Some of the hub genes were associated with molecular mechanisms such as Lewy bodies-induced inflammation, microglia activation, and cytokine storm. We investigated regulatory elements of hub genes at transcription factor and miRNA levels. The major transcription factors regulating hub genes are SOX2, XAF1, RUNX1, MITF, and SPI1. We propose that these events may have important roles in the onset or progression of PD. To sum up, our analysis describes possible mechanisms linking COVID-19 and PD, elucidating some unknown clues in between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Jahanimoghadam
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hadis Abdolahzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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99766
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Blood miR-144-3p: a novel diagnostic and therapeutic tool for depression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4536-4549. [PMID: 35902629 PMCID: PMC9832789 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. There is an urgent need for objective biomarkers to diagnose this highly heterogeneous syndrome, assign treatment, and evaluate treatment response and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, which are detected in body fluids that have emerged as potential biomarkers of many disease conditions. The present study explored the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for MDD and its treatment. We profiled the expression levels of circulating blood miRNAs from mice that were collected before and after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), an extensively validated mouse model used to study depression, as well as after either repeated imipramine or single-dose ketamine treatment. We observed robust differences in blood miRNA signatures between stress-resilient and stress-susceptible mice after an incubation period, but not immediately after exposure to the stress. Furthermore, ketamine treatment was more effective than imipramine at re-establishing baseline miRNA expression levels, but only in mice that responded behaviorally to the drug. We identified the red blood cell-specific miR-144-3p as a candidate biomarker to aid depression diagnosis and predict ketamine treatment response in stress-susceptible mice and MDD patients. Lastly, we demonstrate that systemic knockdown of miR-144-3p, via subcutaneous administration of a specific antagomir, is sufficient to reduce the depression-related phenotype in stress-susceptible mice. RNA-sequencing analysis of blood after such miR-144-3p knockdown revealed a blunted transcriptional stress signature as well. These findings identify miR-144-3p as a novel target for diagnosis of MDD as well as for antidepressant treatment, and enhance our understanding of epigenetic processes associated with depression.
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99767
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Fallo F, Di Dalmazi G, Beuschlein F, Biermasz NR, Castinetti F, Elenkova A, Fassnacht M, Isidori AM, Kastelan D, Korbonits M, Newell-Price J, Parati G, Petersenn S, Pivonello R, Ragnarsson O, Tabarin A, Theodoropoulou M, Tsagarakis S, Valassi E, Witek P, Reincke M. Diagnosis and management of hypertension in patients with Cushing's syndrome: a position statement and consensus of the Working Group on Endocrine Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2085-2101. [PMID: 35950979 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous/exogenous Cushing's syndrome is characterized by a cluster of systemic manifestations of hypercortisolism, which cause increased cardiovascular risk. Its biological basis is glucocorticoid excess, acting on various pathogenic processes inducing cardiovascular damage. Hypertension is a common feature in Cushing's syndrome and may persist after normalizing hormone excess and discontinuing steroid therapy. In endogenous Cushing's syndrome, the earlier the diagnosis the sooner management can be employed to offset the deleterious effects of excess cortisol. Such management includes combined treatments directed against the underlying cause and tailored antihypertensive drugs aimed at controlling the consequences of glucocorticoid excess. Experts on endocrine hypertension and members of the Working Group on Endocrine Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) prepared this Consensus document, which summarizes the current knowledge in epidemiology, genetics, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fallo
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Leiden University Medical Center and European Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frederic Castinetti
- Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Medical Genetics, INSERM
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille
- Department of Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Atanaska Elenkova
- Department of Endocrinology, University Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Endocrinology (USHATE) "Acad. Ivan Penchev", Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Darko Kastelan
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London
| | - John Newell-Price
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephan Petersenn
- ENDOC Center for Endocrine Tumors, Hamburg, Germany and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Oskar Ragnarsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elena Valassi
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona
- Research Center for Pituitary Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Przemysław Witek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mazovian Bródno Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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99768
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Xia Y, Coates PT, Nangaku M. How does diabetes cause susceptibility to COVID-19 in the kidney: new clues provided by organoids. Kidney Int 2022; 102:951-953. [PMID: 35963447 PMCID: PMC9364945 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,Correspondence: Yun Xia, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Rd, Singapore 308232
| | - P. Toby Coates
- Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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99769
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Caksa S, Baqai U, Aplin AE. The future of targeted kinase inhibitors in melanoma. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108200. [PMID: 35513054 PMCID: PMC10187889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer of the pigment-producing cells of the body and its incidence is rising. Targeted inhibitors that act against kinases in the MAPK pathway are approved for BRAF-mutant metastatic cutaneous melanoma and increase patients' survival. Response to these therapies is limited by drug resistance and is less durable than with immune checkpoint inhibition. Conversely, rare melanoma subtypes have few therapeutic options for advanced disease and MAPK pathway targeting agents show minimal anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, there is a future for targeted kinase inhibitors in melanoma: in new applications such as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy and in novel combinations with immunotherapies or other targeted therapies. Pre-clinical studies continue to identify tumor dependencies and their corresponding actionable drug targets, paving the way for rational targeted kinase inhibitor combinations as a personalized medicine approach for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Caksa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Usman Baqai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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99770
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Alhawaj AF. Stem cell-based therapy for hirschsprung disease, do we have the guts to treat? Gene Ther 2022; 29:578-587. [PMID: 34121091 PMCID: PMC9684071 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital anomaly of the colon that results from failure of enteric nervous system formation, leading to a constricted dysfunctional segment of the colon with variable lengths, and necessitating surgical intervention. The underlying pathophysiology includes a defect in neural crest cells migration, proliferation and differentiation, which are partially explained by identified genetic and epigenetic alterations. Despite the high success rate of the curative surgeries, they are associated with significant adverse outcomes such as enterocolitis, fecal soiling, and chronic constipation. In addition, some patients suffer from extensive lethal variants of the disease, all of which justify the need for an alternative cure. During the last 5 years, there has been considerable progress in HSCR stem cell-based therapy research. However, many major issues remain unsolved. This review will provide concise background information on HSCR, outline the future approaches of stem cell-based HSCR therapy, review recent key publications, discuss technical and ethical challenges the field faces prior to clinical translation, and tackle such challenges by proposing solutions and evaluating existing approaches to progress further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad Alhawaj
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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99771
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Orellana-Torrejon C, Vidal T, Gazeau G, Boixel AL, Gélisse S, Lageyre J, Saint-Jean S, Suffert F. Multiple scenarios for sexual crosses in the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat residues: Potential consequences for virulence gene transmission. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 163:103744. [PMID: 36209959 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of host immunity on sexual reproduction in fungal pathogens. In particular, it is unclear whether crossing requires both sexual partners to infect living plant tissues. We addressed this issue in a three-year experiment investigating different scenarios of Zymoseptoria tritici crosses according to the virulence ('vir') or avirulence ('avr') of the parents against a qualitative resistance gene. Co-inoculations ('vir × vir', 'avr × vir', 'avr × avr') and single inoculations were performed on a wheat cultivar carrying the Stb16q resistance gene (Cellule) and a susceptible cultivar (Apache), in the greenhouse. We assessed the intensity of asexual reproduction by scoring disease severity, and the intensity of sexual reproduction by counting the ascospores discharged from wheat residues. As expected, disease severity was more intense on Cellule for 'vir × vir' co-inoculations than for 'avr × vir' co-inoculations, with no disease for 'avr × avr'. However, all types of co-inoculation yielded sexual offspring, whether or not the parental strains caused plant symptoms. Parenthood was confirmed by genotyping (SSR markers), and the occurrence of crosses between (co-)inoculated and exogenous strains (other strains from the experiment, or from far away) was determined. We showed that symptomatic asexual infection was not required for a strain to participate in sexual reproduction, and deduced from this result that avirulent strains could be maintained asymptomatically "on" or "in" leaf tissues of plants carrying the corresponding resistant gene for long enough to reproduce sexually. In two of the three years, the intensity of sexual reproduction did not differ between the three types of co-inoculation in Cellule, suggesting that crosses involving avirulent strains are not anecdotal. We discuss the possible mechanisms explaining the maintenance of avirulence in Z. tritici populations and the potential impact of particular resistance deployments such as cultivar mixtures for limiting resistance breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Orellana-Torrejon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120 Palaiseau, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tiphaine Vidal
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gwilherm Gazeau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne-Lise Boixel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sandrine Gélisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérôme Lageyre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sébastien Saint-Jean
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Frédéric Suffert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
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99772
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Imai-Okazaki A, Nitta KR, Yatsuka Y, Sugiura A, Arao M, Shimura M, Ebihara T, Onuki T, Ichimoto K, Ohtake A, Murayama K, Okazaki Y. Impact of measuring heteroplasmy of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant at the single-cell level in individuals with mitochondrial disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:1143-1150. [PMID: 36053827 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy has mainly been assessed with bulk sequencing in individuals with mitochondrial disease. However, the distribution of heteroplasmy at the single-cell level in skin fibroblasts obtained from individuals, together with detailed clinical and biochemical information, remains to be investigated. We used the mitochondrial DNA single-cell assay for the transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing method. Skin fibroblasts were obtained from six individuals with mitochondrial disease and pathogenic m.3243A>G variants of differing severity. Different distributions of heteroplasmy at the single-cell level were identified in skin fibroblasts from all six individuals. Four individuals with different outcomes showed similar averaged heteroplasmy rates with normal mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity, while the distribution of single-cell heteroplasmy patterns differed among the individuals. This study showed different heteroplasmy distribution patterns at the single-cell level in individuals with the m.3243A>G variant, who had a similar averaged heteroplasmy rates with normal mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity. Whether such different heteroplasmy distribution patterns explain the different clinical outcomes should be assessed further in future studies. Measuring heteroplasmy of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variants at the single-cell level could be important in individuals with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Imai-Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro R Nitta
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yatsuka
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sugiura
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Arao
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimura
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Onuki
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Ichimoto
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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99773
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Gregory ID, Collie J, Chapleau RR. Genetic Markers of Atopic Dermatitis Risk for Screening Aviation Applicants. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:806-810. [DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6128.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin condition with many genetic risk factors. In this review, we summarize the different genetic variants for AD from the perspective of screening purposes within the U.S. Air Force aviation community. Using a PRISMA-informed systematic
review approach, we found 13 papers reporting genetic associations with AD. We report 98 genetic associations with AD, of which 4 had a greater than twofold increased odds of developing the condition when present. These 98 variants were found in 45 associated genes, including LRRC32, OVOL1,
and IL13, which were each replicated in 3 studies; as well as RTEL1 and ZNF365, which were each replicated in 2 studies. A polygenic risk model created based upon these variants or genes could contribute to a risk screening protocol for military aviation candidates, potentially helping minimize
risk for candidates at increased genetic risk for AD or other atopic diseases (e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis).Gregory ID, Collie J, Chapleau RR. Genetic markers of atopic dermatitis risk for screening aviation applicants. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(11):806–810.
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99774
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Sebastian S, Weinstein LS, Ludwig A, Munroe P, Tinker A. Slowing Heart Rate Protects Against Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. FUNCTION 2022; 4:zqac055. [PMID: 36540889 PMCID: PMC9761894 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the pathophysiological impact of heart rate (HR) slowing on cardiac function. We have recently developed a murine model in which it is possible to conditionally delete the stimulatory heterotrimeric G-protein (Gαs) in the sinoatrial (SA) node after the addition of tamoxifen using cre-loxP technology. The addition of tamoxifen leads to bradycardia. We used this approach to examine the physiological and pathophysiological effects of HR slowing. We first looked at the impact on exercise performance by running the mice on a treadmill. After the addition of tamoxifen, mice with conditional deletion of Gαs in the SA node ran a shorter distance at a slower speed. Littermate controls preserved their exercise capacity after tamoxifen. Results consistent with impaired cardiac capacity in the mutants were also obtained with a dobutamine echocardiographic stress test. We then examined if HR reduction influenced pathological cardiac hypertrophy using two models: ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for myocardial infarction and abdominal aortic banding for hypertensive heart disease. In littermate controls, both procedures resulted in cardiac hypertrophy. However, induction of HR reduction prior to surgical intervention significantly ameliorated the hypertrophy. In order to assess potential protein kinase pathways that may be activated in the left ventricle by relative bradycardia, we used a phospho-antibody array and this revealed selective activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase. In conclusion, HR reduction protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy but limits physiological exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sebastian
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 8C101, Bethesda, MD 20892-1752, USA
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institut fuer Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Munroe
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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99775
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A novel nonsense mutation in PPP2R5D is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and shows incomplete penetrance in a Chinese pedigree. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 223:107524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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99776
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Harion M, Qebibo L, Riquet A, Rougeot C, Afenjar A, Garel C, Louha M, Lacaze E, Audic-Gérard F, Barth M, Berquin P, Bonneau D, Bourdain F, Busa T, Colin E, Cuisset JM, Des Portes V, Dorison N, Francannet C, Héron B, Laroche C, Lebrun M, Métreau J, Odent S, Pasquier L, Trujillo YP, Perrin L, Pinson L, Rivier F, Sigaudy S, Thauvin-Robinet C, Louvier UW, Labayle O, Rodriguez D, Valence S, Burglen L. New insights into CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome. J Med Genet 2022; 60:578-586. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PurposeIn this study, we describe the phenotype and genotype of the largest cohort of patients with Joubert syndrome (JS) carrying pathogenic variants on one of the most frequent causative genes,CC2D2A.MethodsWe selected 53 patients with pathogenic variants onCC2D2A, compiled and analysed their clinical, neuroimaging and genetic information and compared it to previous literature.ResultsDevelopmental delay (motor and language) was nearly constant but patients had normal intellectual efficiency in 74% of cases (20/27 patients) and 68% followed mainstream schooling despite learning difficulties. Epilepsy was found in only 13% of cases. Only three patients had kidney cysts, only three had genuine retinal dystrophy and no subject had liver fibrosis or polydactyly. Brain MRIs showed typical signs of JS with rare additional features. Genotype–phenotype correlation findings demonstrate a homozygous truncating variant p.Arg950* linked to a more severe phenotype.ConclusionThis study contradicts previous literature stating an association betweenCC2D2A-related JS and ventriculomegaly. Our study implies thatCC2D2A-related JS is linked to positive neurodevelopmental outcome and low rate of other organ defects except for homozygous pathogenic variant p.Arg950*. This information will help modulate patient follow-up and provide families with accurate genetic counselling.
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99777
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Maier AD. Malignant meningioma. APMIS 2022; 130 Suppl 145:1-58. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
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99778
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Oun A, Soliman A, Trombetta-Lima M, Tzepapadaki A, Tsagkari D, Kortholt A, Dolga AM. LRRK2 protects immune cells against erastin-induced Ferroptosis. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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99779
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Cai L, Liu Y, He L. Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100877. [DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHigh blood pressure is a leading cardiovascular disease risk factor and considered to be associated with psychological factors. However, the causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being are not clear.AimsThe current study explored the genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being.MethodsMendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were performed using the generalised summary-data-based MR analysis method with eight large-scale genome-wide association study datasets for hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure, anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being.ResultsA causal effect of DBP on neuroticism was found, and 1074 independent instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by the incorporated Heterogeneity in Dependent Instruments-outlier test among the bidirectional causal relationship between blood pressure and the four psychological states.ConclusionsDBP has a causal effect on neuroticism. Appropriate management of blood pressure may reduce neuroticism, neuroticism-inducing mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
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99780
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Cissé AH, Taine M, Tafflet M, de Lauzon‐Guillain B, Clément K, Khalfallah O, Davidovic L, Lioret S, Charles MA, Heude B. Cord blood leptin level and a common variant of its receptor as determinants of the BMI trajectory: The EDEN mother-child cohort. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12955. [PMID: 35747935 PMCID: PMC9787343 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord blood leptin is an indicator of neonatal fat mass and could shape postnatal adiposity trajectories. Investigating genetic polymorphisms of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) could help understand the mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of cord blood leptin level and the LEPR rs9436303 polymorphism, with body mass index (BMI) at adiposity peak (AP) and age at adiposity rebound (AR). METHODS In the EDEN cohort, BMI at AP and age at AR were estimated with polynomial mixed models, for 1713 and 1415 children, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models allowed for examining the associations of cord blood leptin level and LEPR rs9436303 genotype with BMI at AP and age at AR adjusted for potential confounders including birth size groups. We also tested interactions between cord blood leptin level and rs9436303 genotype. RESULTS Increased leptin level was associated with reduced BMI at AP and early age at AR (comparing the highest quintile of leptin level to the others). Rs9436303 G-allele carriage was associated with increased BMI at AP and later age at AR but did not modulate the association with leptin level. CONCLUSION These results illustrate the role of early life body composition and the intrauterine environment in the programming of adiposity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminata H. Cissé
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticSUniversité de Paris‐cité, INSERM, INRAEParisFrance
| | - Marion Taine
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticSUniversité de Paris‐cité, INSERM, INRAEParisFrance
| | - Muriel Tafflet
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticSUniversité de Paris‐cité, INSERM, INRAEParisFrance
| | | | - Karine Clément
- NutriOmics Research Unit, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hopital, Nutrition Department ParisSorbonne Université, INSERMParisFrance
| | - Olfa Khalfallah
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, UMR7275, UMR_SValbonneFrance
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, UMR7275, UMR_SValbonneFrance
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticSUniversité de Paris‐cité, INSERM, INRAEParisFrance
| | - Marie A. Charles
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticSUniversité de Paris‐cité, INSERM, INRAEParisFrance
| | - Barbara Heude
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticSUniversité de Paris‐cité, INSERM, INRAEParisFrance
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99781
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Zhang C, Chen S, Li X, Xu Q, Lin Y, Lin F, Yuan M, Zi Y, Cai J. Progress in Parkinson's disease animal models of genetic defects: Characteristics and application. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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99782
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Nilsson P, Ravinet M, Cui Y, Berg PR, Zhang Y, Guo R, Luo T, Song Y, Trucchi E, Hoff SNK, Lv R, Schmid BV, Easterday WR, Jakobsen KS, Stenseth NC, Yang R, Jentoft S. Polygenic plague resistance in the great gerbil uncovered by population sequencing. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac211. [PMID: 36712379 PMCID: PMC9802093 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens can elicit high selective pressure on hosts, potentially altering genetic diversity over short evolutionary timescales. Intraspecific variation in immune response is observable as variable survivability from specific infections. The great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) is a rodent plague host with a heterogenic but highly resistant phenotype. Here, we investigate the genomic basis for plague-resistant phenotypes by exposing wild-caught great gerbils to plague (Yersinia pestis). Whole genome sequencing of 10 survivors and 10 moribund individuals revealed a subset of genomic regions showing elevated differentiation. Gene ontology analysis of candidate genes in these regions demonstrated enrichment of genes directly involved in immune functions, cellular metabolism and the regulation of apoptosis as well as pathways involved in transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the early activated great gerbil immune response to plague consisted of classical components of the innate immune system. Our approach combining challenge experiments with transcriptomics and population level sequencing, provides new insight into the genetic background of plague-resistance and confirms its complex nature, most likely involving multiple genes and pathways of both the immune system and regulation of basic cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Nilsson
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Rong Guo
- Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Siv N K Hoff
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruichen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Boris V Schmid
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - W Ryan Easterday
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ruifu Yang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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99783
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Rubio A, Garland GD, Sfakianos A, Harvey RF, Willis AE. Aberrant protein synthesis and cancer development: The role of canonical eukaryotic initiation, elongation and termination factors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:151-165. [PMID: 35487398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In tumourigenesis, oncogenes or dysregulated tumour suppressor genes alter the canonical translation machinery leading to a reprogramming of the translatome that, in turn, promotes the translation of selected mRNAs encoding proteins involved in proliferation and metastasis. It is therefore unsurprising that abnormal expression levels and activities of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), elongation factors (eEFs) or termination factors (eRFs) are associated with poor outcome for patients with a wide range of cancers. In this review we discuss how RNA binding proteins (RBPs) within the canonical translation factor machinery are dysregulated in cancers and how targeting such proteins is leading to new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rubio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Gavin D Garland
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Aristeidis Sfakianos
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Robert F Harvey
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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99784
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van de Weijer SG, Moneva A. Familial concentration of crime in a digital era: Criminal behavior among family members of cyber offenders. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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99785
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Nossent AY. The epitranscriptome: RNA modifications in vascular remodelling. Atherosclerosis 2022:S0021-9150(22)01500-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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99786
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Navar AM, Fine L, Ambrosius WT, Brown A, Douglas P, Johnson K, Khera AV, Lloyd-Jones D, Michos ED, Mujahid M, Muñoz D, Nasir K, Redmond N, Ridker PM, Robinson J, Schopfer D, Tate DF, Lewis CE(B. Earlier Treatment in Adults with High Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: What Prevention Trials are Feasible and Could Change Clinical Practice? Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) Workshop. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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99787
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Shang P, Dong S, Han Y, Bo S, Ye Y, Duan M, Chamba Y. Environmental exposure to swine farms reshapes human gut microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135558. [PMID: 35780983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota can change to varying degrees because of changes in the environment. In the present study, we performed microbial amplicon sequencing on the feces of people who had long-term exposure to swine farms (F) and that of people living in normal environments (S) to investigate the impact of the environment on the human gut microbiota. A total of 1,283,503 high-quality ordered sequences were obtained, which provided different levels of microbial classification and statistics. We found that different environments did not alter the richness and diversity of the microbial communities in participants, but caused significant changes in the proportion of some bacteria. The main bacterial phyla found in group F participants were Firmicutes (69.44-89.03%), Actinobacteria (1.7-18.95%), and Bacteroidetes (1.17-22.35%); those found in group S participants were Firmicutes (49.93-95.04%), Bacteroidetes (0.62-39.59%), and Proteobacteria (0.98-11.95%). Additionally, because of changes in phylum proportions, the Bugbase phenotypic classification predicted an increase in the proportion of Gram-positive bacteria in group F and an increase in the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in group S. In conclusion, our findings suggest that human exposure to swine farms can reshape the gut microbiota, resulting in changes in the microbial abundances. This change can potentially reduce the odds of developing bowel disease and contribute to the prevention of intestinal diseases, providing a theoretical basis for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Dong
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Han
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxue Bo
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Yourong Ye
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Duan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, People's Republic of China.
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99788
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Rodriguez-Ramirez C, Zhang Z, Warner KA, Herzog AE, Mantesso A, Zhang Z, Yoon E, Wang S, Wicha MS, Nör JE. p53 Inhibits Bmi-1-driven Self-Renewal and Defines Salivary Gland Cancer Stemness. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4757-4770. [PMID: 36048559 PMCID: PMC9633396 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a poorly understood salivary gland malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are considered drivers of cancer progression by mediating tumor recurrence and metastasis. We have shown that clinically relevant small molecule inhibitors of MDM2-p53 interaction activate p53 signaling and reduce the fraction of CSC in MEC. Here we examined the functional role of p53 in the plasticity and self-renewal of MEC CSC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using gene silencing and therapeutic activation of p53, we analyzed the cell-cycle profiles and apoptosis levels of CSCs in MEC cell lines (UM-HMC-1, -3A, -3B) via flow cytometry and looked at the effects on survival/self-renewal of the CSCs through sphere assays. We evaluated the effect of p53 on tumor development (N = 51) and disease recurrence (N = 17) using in vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic murine models of MEC. Recurrence was followed for 250 days after tumor resection. RESULTS Although p53 activation does not induce MEC CSC apoptosis, it reduces stemness properties such as self-renewal by regulating Bmi-1 expression and driving CSC towards differentiation. In contrast, downregulation of p53 causes expansion of the CSC population while promoting tumor growth. Remarkably, therapeutic activation of p53 prevented CSC-mediated tumor recurrence in preclinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate that p53 defines the stemness of MEC and suggest that therapeutic activation of p53 might have clinical utility in patients with salivary gland MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristy A. Warner
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Herzog
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Mantesso
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eusik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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99789
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Rowe AA, Chen X, Nettesheim ER, Issioui Y, Dong T, Hu Y, Messahel S, Kayani SN, Gray SJ, Wert KJ. Long-term progression of retinal degeneration in a preclinical model of CLN7 Batten disease as a baseline for testing clinical therapeutics. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104314. [PMID: 36374771 PMCID: PMC9626557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Batten disease is characterized by cognitive and motor impairment, retinal degeneration, and seizures leading to premature death. Recent studies have shown efficacy for a gene therapy approach for CLN7 Batten disease. This gene therapy approach is promising to treat cognitive and motor impairment, but is not likely to delay vision loss. Additionally, the natural progression of retinal degeneration in CLN7 Batten disease patients is not well-known. METHODS We performed visual examinations on five patients with CLN7 Batten disease and found that patients were far progressed in degeneration within their first five years of life. To better understand the disease progression, we characterized the retina of a preclinical mouse model of CLN7 Batten disease, through the age at which mice present with paralysis and premature death. FINDINGS We found that this preclinical model shows signs of photoreceptor to bipolar synaptic defects early, and displays rod-cone dystrophy with late loss of bipolar cells. This vision loss could be followed not only via histology, but using clinical live imaging similar to that used in human patients. INTERPRETATION Natural history studies of rare paediatric neurodegenerative conditions are complicated by the rapid degeneration and limited availability of patients. Characterization of degeneration in the preclinical model allows for future experiments to better understand the mechanisms underlying the retinal disease progression in order to find therapeutics to treat patients, as well as to evaluate these therapeutic options for future human clinical trials. FUNDING Van Sickle Family Foundation Inc., NIHP30EY030413, Morton Fichtenbaum Charitable Trust and 5T32GM131945-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emily R Nettesheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yacine Issioui
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Souad Messahel
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Saima N Kayani
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Children's Health, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Katherine J Wert
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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99790
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Immunophenotypic and molecular characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors producing serotonin. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1713-1722. [PMID: 35739266 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (SP-PanNET) account for 0.58-1.4% of all pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). They may present with atypical symptoms, such as acute pancreatitis and are often radiologically characterized by main pancreatic duct dilatation. SP-PanNET are well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) distinct from classical PanNET by atypical serotonin secretion and abundant dense stroma deposition, like serotonin producing ileal NET leading in some cases to difficulties to reliably distinguish SP-PanNET from ileal NET metastases. The biology and molecular profile of SP-PanNET remain poorly characterized and the cell of origin within the pancreas is unclear. To address these questions, we analyzed a large cohort of SP-PanNET by immunohistochemistry (n = 29; ATRX, DAXX, MENIN, Islet1, PAX6, PDX1, ARX, CDX2), whole genome copy number array (Oncoscan™) and a large NGS panel (NovoPM™) (n = 10), FISH (n = 13) and RNA sequencing (n = 24) together with 21 ileal NET and 29 nonfunctioning PanNET (NF-PanNET). These analyses revealed a unique genomic profile with frequent isolated loss of chromosome 1 (14 cases-61%) and few pathogenic mutations (KMT2C in 2 cases, ARID1A in 1 case). Unsupervised RNAseq-based clustering showed that SP-PanNET were closer to NF-PanNET than ileal NET with an exclusive beta cell-like signature. SP-PanNET showed TGF-β pathway activation signatures associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and similar signature were reproduced in vitro when pancreatic stellate cells were exposed to serotonin. SP-PanNET immunohistochemical profile resemble that of ileal NET except for PDX1 and PAX6 expression to a lesser extend suggesting that these two markers may be useful to diagnose SP-PanNET. Taken together, this suggests that SP-PanNET are a very specific PanNET entity with a peculiar biology leading to the characteristic fibrotic aspect.
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99791
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Acosta S, Canclini L, Marizcurrena JJ, Castro-Sowinski S, Hernández P. Photo-repair effect of a bacterial Antarctic CPD-photolyase on UVC-induced DNA lesions in human keratinocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104001. [PMID: 36273708 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight induces oxidative DNA lesions and bipyrimidine photoproducts that can lead to photo-aging and skin carcinogenesis. CPD-photolyases are flavoproteins that repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers using blue light as an energy source. In the present work, we evaluated the photo-repair effect of the recombinant CPD-photolyase PhrAHym from the Antarctic bacterium Hymenobacter sp. UV11 on DNA lesions in human keratinocytes induced by UVC light. By performing immunochemistry assays we observed that PhrAHym repairs in a highly efficient way the CPD-photoproducts and reduces the γH2AX formation. Since this enzyme is non-cytotoxic and repairs UVC-induced DNA lesions in human keratinocytes, we propose that PhrAHym could be used as a biotherapeutic agent against UV-induced skin cancer, photoaging, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Acosta
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Canclini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Juan José Marizcurrena
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Paola Hernández
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
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99792
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Zhou S, Li T, Han N, Zhang Y, Chen G, Ji Y, Li Q, Liu J, Wang H, Hu J, Liu T, Guo Y, Wang HJ. The associations of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth: A prospective birth cohort in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114196. [PMID: 36029842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies investigated the association of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and fetal growth measured by ultrasound with inconsistent results. No study evaluated the effect of PM2.5 constituents on fetal growth in utero. We aimed to investigated whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with fetal growth measured by ultrasound. METHODS A total of 4319 eligible pregnant women in Peking University Birth Cohort in Tongzhou (PKUBC-T) were included in the study. Based on mothers' residential addresses, we estimated prenatal PM2.5 concentrations with a satellite-based spatiotemporal model and PM2.5 constituents concentrations with a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Fetal growth parameters of abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC), and femur length (FL) were measured by ultrasound and then estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. We calculated sex and gestational age-specific fetal growth Z-score and then defined the corresponding fetal undergrowth. Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate the association of PM2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth Z-score and fetal undergrowth. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was consistently associated with decreased Z-scores of fetal growth parameters (AC, HC, FL, EFW). One IQR increase of PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was associated with -0.183 [95% confident interval (CI): -0.225, -0.141], -0.144 (95%CI: -0.181, -0.107), -0.123 (95%CI: -0.160, -0.085), -0.035 (95%CI: -0.055, -0.015), -0.095 (95%CI: -0.126, -0.064), and -0.124 (95%CI: -0.159, -0.088) decrease in EFW Z-score, respectively. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was also associated with higher risk of fetal AC, HC, FL or EFW undergrowth. CONCLUSION The study identified that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 or its constituents was associated with impaired fetal growth. The findings provided evidence that control measures for PM2.5 constituents should be implemented for further promoting fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Na Han
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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99793
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Priya S, Kirschner LS. Abnormal Fibroblasts Drive Pigmentary Skin Lesions in a Mouse Model of Carney Complex. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2850-2852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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99794
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Tang Q. Z-nucleic acids: Uncovering the functions from past to present. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1700-1711. [PMID: 36165274 PMCID: PMC9827954 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since Z-nucleic acid was identified in the 1970s, much is still unknown about its biological functions and nature in vivo. Recent studies on adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) and Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) have highlighted its function in immune responses. Specifically, Z-RNAs, either endogenous or induced by viral infection, are sensed by ZBP1 and activate necroptosis. Z-RNAs act as the stimuli that induce innate immune responses through various pathways, including melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MAD5)-mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated type I IFN activation and proteinase kinase R (PKR)-dependent integrated stress response, and their immunostimulatory potential is curtailed by RNA editing conducted by ADAR1. Aberrant immune responses induced by Z-RNAs are associated with human diseases. They also induce pathogenesis in mice. Unlike Z-RNAs, the biological functions of Z-DNAs were barely studied, especially in mammals. Moreover, the origin or sequence preference of Z-nucleic acids requires further investigation. Such knowledge will expand our understanding of Z-nucleic acids, including from which genomic loci and under which circumstances they form, and the mechanisms by which they participate in the physiological activities. In this review, we provide insights in Z-nucleic acid research and highlight the unsolved puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Tang
- Shanghai Institute of ImmunologyDepartment of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Centre for Immune‐Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of ImmunologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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99795
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Chiba M, Hirano T, Yamazaki D, Ye B, Ito S, Kagawa O, Endo K, Nishida S, Hara S, Aratake K, Chiba S. The mutual history of Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and humans inscribed in genes and ancient literature. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac245. [PMID: 36712337 PMCID: PMC9802249 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowing how the present distribution of organisms was formed is an essential issue in evolutionary ecology. Recently, the distribution of organisms on Earth has been significantly changed by human-mediated dispersal due to globalization. Therefore, significant attention has been paid to such processes. However, although humankind has taken considerable time to achieve modernization, the impact of ancient human activity on ecosystems has not yet been thoroughly studied. We hypothesized that ancient urban development and transitions had a non-negligible effect on species distribution. Inferring the impact of past human activity on ecosystems from ancient literature and verifying that impact by genetic analysis and human history is an effective means of tackling this problem. As geckos, a popular neighbor of human dwellings, are good material for this model, we performed this combination approach using Schlegel's Japanese gecko, Gekko japonicus. We show that G. japonicus migrated from China to the western Japanese archipelago before Christ. The gecko species dispersed itself from western to eastern the archipelago on a time scale of thousands of years. There are many synchronizations between the dispersal history of G. japonicus and the historical development of human society. It is suggested by such synchronizations that humans have influenced the distribution of G. japonicus many times throughout its dispersal history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daishi Yamazaki
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Bin Ye
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shun Ito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Osamu Kagawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Komei Endo
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shu Nishida
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiji Hara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Aratake
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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99796
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Ilenwabor BP, Franken GAC, Sponder G, Bos C, Racay P, Kolisek M, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF. SLC41A1 knockout mice display normal magnesium homeostasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F553-F563. [PMID: 36049064 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00101.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcellular Mg2+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidneys plays an important role in maintaining systemic Mg2+ homeostasis. SLC41A1 is a Na+/Mg2+ exchanger that mediates Mg2+ efflux from cells and is hypothesized to facilitate basolateral extrusion of Mg2+ in the DCT. In this study, we generated a SLC41A1 knockout mouse model to examine the role of SLC41A1 in Mg2+ homeostasis. Slc41a1-/- mice exhibited similar serum and urine Mg2+ levels as their wild-type littermates. Dietary restriction of Mg2+ resulted in reduced serum Mg2+ concentration and urinary Mg2+ excretion, which was similar in the wild-type and knockout groups. Expression of genes encoding Mg2+ channels and transporters such as transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (Trpm6), transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (Trpm7), cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 2 (Cnnm2), and Slc41a3 were unchanged based on genotype. We investigated the potential redundancy of SLC41A1 and its homolog SLC41A3 by generating a double knockout mouse. Although Slc41a3-/- knockout mice showed significantly reduced serum Mg2+ compared with wild-type and Slc41a1-/- knockout groups, double knockout mice displayed similar serum Mg2+ levels as Slc41a3-/- knockout mice. In conclusion, our data show that SLC41A1 is not involved in the regulation of systemic Mg2+ homeostasis in mice. Our data also demonstrate that SLC41A1 does not compensate for the loss of SLC41A3, suggesting different functions of these SLC41 proteins in vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SLC41A1 has been hypothesized to mediate Mg2+ extrusion in the distal convoluted tubule and thus regulate Mg2+ homeostasis. This study investigated the role of SLC41A1 in Mg2+ homeostasis in vivo using a transgenic mouse model. Our results demonstrate that SLC41A1 is not required to maintain normal Mg2+ balance in mice. We also show that SLC41A3 is more important than SLC41A1 in regulating systemic Mg2+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas P Ilenwabor
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A C Franken
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caro Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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99797
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Wang H, Han H, Niu Y, Li X, Du X, Wang Q. LPP polymorphisms are risk factors for allergic rhinitis in the Chinese Han population. Cytokine 2022; 159:156027. [PMID: 36084606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoma preferred partner (LPP) polymorphisms are related to immune diseases, but the role of LPP gene in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is unclear. The current study aimed to explore the contribution of LPP variants to AR susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 992 healthy controls and 992 patients with AR were recruited. Agena MassARRAY system was applied for genotyping. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated to conduct the risk assessment of LPP variants in people with a predisposition to AR. Additionally, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was applied to identify high-order interaction models for AR risk. RESULTS We found that rs2030519-G (p = 0.027, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31), rs6780858-G (p = 0.019, OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.32), and rs60946162-T (p = 0.014, OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.34) were associated with increased susceptibility to AR. Subgroup analyses indicated the interaction of LPP polymorphisms in terms of age, gender, and BMI with AR susceptibility (p < 0.05, OR > 1). MDR analysis revealed that rs60946162 had the information gain (0.40%) of individual attribute regarding AR. CONCLUSION Our results first determined that rs2030519, rs6780858, and rs60946162 were correlated with increased susceptibility to AR in the Chinese Han population, which add to our understanding of the impact of LPP gene variants on AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Shenmu Hospital, The Affiliated Shenmu Hospital of Northwest University, Shenmu 719300, China
| | - Hui Han
- Shenmu Hospital, The Affiliated Shenmu Hospital of Northwest University, Shenmu 719300, China
| | - Yongliang Niu
- Shenmu Hospital, The Affiliated Shenmu Hospital of Northwest University, Shenmu 719300, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Shenmu Hospital, The Affiliated Shenmu Hospital of Northwest University, Shenmu 719300, China
| | - Xintao Du
- Shenmu Hospital, The Affiliated Shenmu Hospital of Northwest University, Shenmu 719300, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shenmu Hospital, The Affiliated Shenmu Hospital of Northwest University, Shenmu 719300, China.
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99798
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Elst L, Van Rompuy AS, Roussel E, Spans L, Vanden Bempt I, Necchi A, Ross J, Jacob JM, Baietti MF, Leucci E, Albersen M. Establishment and Characterization of Advanced Penile Cancer Patient-derived Tumor Xenografts: Paving the Way for Personalized Treatments. Eur Urol Focus 2022; 8:1787-1794. [PMID: 35537937 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic treatments for penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) are toxic and inefficient. Patient-based preclinical models are essential to study novel treatments. OBJECTIVE To establish a library of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models of human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) and -negative (HPV-) pSCC and characterize these at the genomic and histological levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Eighteen tumor samples from 14 patients with recurrent or metastatic pSCC were implanted in nude mice. A biobank of PDX tumors was established after passaging of patient samples (F0) for three generations (F1, F2, F3) and was characterized using histopathology and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS). Single-nucleotide polymorphism fingerprinting was used to confirm PDX genealogy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The engraftment rate, overall growth rate, and pSCC histomorphology were checked for each PDX generation. Staining for p40 (a pSCC marker) and p16 (a surrogate for HPV infection) was performed for F0 samples. The mutational profile according to a validated panel of 96 cancer genes was determined for F0 and F3 samples and compared to a larger tNGS database. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Including a previously established pilot model, 11 out of 18 tumor samples (61%) successfully engrafted in F1. The mean time from implantation in F1 to completion of F3 was 36 wk (standard deviation 18). Histological fidelity was demonstrated across generations. The patient mutational profiles were preserved in F3 and were representative of 277 pSCC samples in the Foundation Medicine database. The rapid progression of pSCC in patients from our selected high-risk cohort impeded the use of PDXs as avatars. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established the first library of 11 PDX models of HPV- and HPV+ pSCC. Our PDX models showed high engraftment rates and histological and genomic fidelity to the tumor tissue of origin. These models may help in paving the way towards the development of novel treatments. PATIENT SUMMARY We established 11 animal models based on tumor tissue from patients with penile cancer. These models could play a vital role in selection of novel treatments according to genetic mutations. In the future, therapies with confirmed preclinical effects may have a profound impact on the development of personalized treatments in penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elst
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Eduard Roussel
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Spans
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Andrea Necchi
- San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA; Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Maria-Francesca Baietti
- Trace, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Trace, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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99799
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Szostak B, Gorący A, Pala B, Rosik J, Ustianowski Ł, Pawlik A. Latest models for the discovery and development of rheumatoid arthritis drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1261-1278. [PMID: 36184990 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that reduces the quality of life. The current speed of development of therapeutic agents against RA is not satisfactory. Models on which initial experiments are conducted do not fully reflect human pathogenesis. Overcoming this oversimplification might be a crucial step to accelerate studies on RA treatment. AREAS COVERED The current approaches to produce novel models or to improve currently available models for the development of RA drugs have been discussed. Advantages and drawbacks of two- and three-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been described based on recently published results of the studies. Moreover, approaches such as tissue engineering or organ-on-a-chip have been reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The cell cultures and animal models used to date appear to be of limited value due to the complexity of the processes involved in RA. Current models in RA research should take into account the heterogeneity of patients in terms of disease subtypes, course, and activity. Several advanced models and tools using human cells and tissues have been developed, including three-dimensional tissues, liquid bioreactors, and more complex joint-on-a-chip devices. This may increase knowledge of the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development, to help identify new biomarkers for early detection, and to develop preventive strategies and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Pala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University Hospital No. 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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99800
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Neuroprotective effects of linear ubiquitin E3 ligase against aging-induced DNA damage and amyloid β neurotoxicity in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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