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Wu Y, Gai J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Actuation of Living Cells. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:466. [PMID: 38675277 PMCID: PMC11052308 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Acoutofluidics is an increasingly developing and maturing technical discipline. With the advantages of being label-free, non-contact, bio-friendly, high-resolution, and remote-controllable, it is very suitable for the operation of living cells. After decades of fundamental laboratory research, its technical principles have become increasingly clear, and its manufacturing technology has gradually become popularized. Presently, various imaginative applications continue to emerge and are constantly being improved. Here, we introduce the development of acoustofluidic actuation technology from the perspective of related manipulation applications on living cells. Among them, we focus on the main development directions such as acoustofluidic sorting, acoustofluidic tissue engineering, acoustofluidic microscopy, and acoustofluidic biophysical therapy. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the current state of research and bridge past developments with future directions, offering researchers a comprehensive overview and sparking innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Junyang Gai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
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52
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Cooke J, Jerolmack D, Park GI. Mesoscale structure of the atmospheric boundary layer across a natural roughness transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320216121. [PMID: 38507446 PMCID: PMC10990122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The structure and intensity of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) drive fluxes of sediment, contaminants, heat, moisture, and CO[Formula: see text] at the Earth's surface. Where ABL flows encounter changes in roughness-such as cities, wind farms, forest canopies, and landforms-a new mesoscopic flow scale is introduced: the internal boundary layer (IBL), which represents a near-bed region of transient flow adjustment that develops over kilometers. Measurement of this new mesoscopic scale lies outside present observational capabilities of ABL flows, and simplified models fail to capture the sensitive dependence of turbulence on roughness geometry. Here, we use large-eddy simulations, run over high-resolution topographic data and validated against field observations, to examine the structure of the ABL across a natural roughness transition: the emergent sand dunes at White Sands National Park. We observe that development of the IBL is triggered by the abrupt transition from smooth playa surface to dunes; however, continuous changes in the size and spacing of dunes over several kilometers influence the downwind patterns of boundary stress and near-bed turbulence. Coherent flow structures grow and merge over the entire [Formula: see text]10 km distance of the dune field and modulate the influence of large-scale atmospheric turbulence on the bed. Simulated boundary stresses in the developing IBL counter existing expectations and explain the observed downwind decrease in dune migration, demonstrating a mesoscale coupling between flow and form that governs landscape dynamics. More broadly, our findings demonstrate the importance of resolving both turbulence and realistic roughness for understanding fluid-boundary interactions in environmental flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Cooke
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Douglas Jerolmack
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - George Ilhwan Park
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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53
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Radtke AJ, Roschewski M. The follicular lymphoma tumor microenvironment at single-cell and spatial resolution. Blood 2024; 143:1069-1079. [PMID: 38194685 PMCID: PMC11103101 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable malignancy that originates from developmentally blocked germinal center B cells residing, primarily, within lymph nodes (LNs). During the long natural history of FL, malignant B cells often disseminate to multiple LNs and can affect virtually any organ. Nonmalignant LNs are highly organized structures distributed throughout the body, in which they perform functions critical for host defense. In FL, the malignant B cells "re-educate" the lymphoid environment by altering the phenotype, distribution, and abundance of other cells such as T cells, macrophages, and subsets of stromal cells. Consequently, dramatic anatomical changes occur and include alterations in the number, shape, and size of neoplastic follicles with an accompanying attenuation of the T-cell zone. Ongoing and dynamic interactions between FL B cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) result in significant clinical heterogeneity observed both within and across patients. Over time, FL evolves into pathological variants associated with distinct outcomes, ranging from an indolent disease to more aggressive clinical courses with early death. Given the importance of both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors in shaping disease progression and patient survival, comprehensive examination of FL tumors is critical. Here, we describe the cellular composition and architecture of normal and malignant human LNs and provide a broad overview of emerging technologies for deconstructing the FL TME at single-cell and spatial resolution. We additionally discuss the importance of capturing samples at landmark time points as well as longitudinally for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Radtke
- Lymphocyte Biology Section and Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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54
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Hu X, Chen W, Lin J, Nie D, Zhu Z, Lin P. The motion of micro-swimmers over a cavity in a micro-channel. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2789-2803. [PMID: 38445957 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01589k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This article combines the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with the squirmer model to investigate the motion of micro-swimmers in a channel-cavity system. The study analyses various influential factors, including the value of the squirmer-type factor (β), the swimming Reynolds number (Rep), the size of the cavity, initial position and particle size on the movement of micro-swimmers within the channel-cavity system. We simultaneously studied three types of squirmer models, Puller (β > 0), Pusher (β < 0), and Neutral (β = 0) swimmers. The findings reveal that the motion of micro-swimmers is determined by the value of β and Rep, which can be classified into six distinct motion modes. For Puller and Pusher, when the β value is constant, an increase in Rep will lead to transition in the motion mode. Moreover, the appropriate depth of cavity within the channel-cavity system plays a crucial role in capturing and separating Neutral swimmers. This study, for the first time, explores the effect of complex channel-cavity systems on the behaviour of micro-swimmers and highlights their separation and capture ability. These findings offer novel insights for the design and enhancement of micro-channel structures in achieving efficient separation and capture of micro-swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Weijin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Safety of Pressure Vessel and Pipeline, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Deming Nie
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Zuchao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Peifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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55
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Monteleone A, Di Leonardo S, Napoli E, Burriesci G. A novel mono-physics particle-based approach for the simulation of cardiovascular fluid-structure interaction problems. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 245:108034. [PMID: 38244340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is required in the study of several cardiovascular engineering problems were the mutual interaction between the pulsatile blood flow and the tissue structures is essential to establish the biomechanics of the system. Traditional FSI methods are partitioned approaches where two independent solvers, one for the fluid and one for the structure, are asynchronously coupled. This process results into high computational costs. In this work, a new FSI scheme which avoids the coupling of different solvers is presented in the framework of the truly incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. METHODS In the proposed FSI method, ISPH particles contribute to define both the fluid and structural domains and are solved together in a unified system. Solid particles, geometrically defined at the beginning of the simulation, are linked through spring bounds with elastic constant providing the material Young's modulus. At each iteration, internal elastic forces are calculated to restore the springs resting length. These forces are added in the predictor step of the fractional-step procedure used to solve the momentum and continuity equations for incompressible flows of all particles. RESULTS The method was validated with a benchmark test case consisting of a flexible beam immersed in a channel. Results showed good agreement with the system coupling approach of a well-established commercial software, ANSYS®, both in terms of fluid-dynamics and beam deformation. The approach was then applied to model a complex cardiovascular problem, consisting in the aortic valve operating function. The valve dynamics during opening and closing phases were compared qualitatively with literature results, demonstrating good consistency. CONCLUSIONS The method is computationally more efficient than traditional FSI strategies, and overcomes some of their main drawbacks, such as the impossibility of simulating the correct valve coaptation during the closing phase. Thanks to the incompressibility scheme, the proposed FSI method is appropriate to model biological soft tissues. The simplicity and flexibility of the approach also makes it suitable to be expanded for the modelling of thromboembolic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Napoli
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Burriesci
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy; UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK.
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56
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Bai C, Tang X, Li Y, Arai T, Huang Q, Liu X. Acoustohydrodynamic micromixers: Basic mixing principles, programmable mixing prospectives, and biomedical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021505. [PMID: 38659428 PMCID: PMC11037935 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acoustohydrodynamic micromixers offer excellent mixing efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and flexible controllability compared with conventional micromixers. There are two mechanisms in acoustic micromixers: indirect influence by induced streamlines, exemplified by sharp-edge micromixers, and direct influence by acoustic waves, represented by surface acoustic wave micromixers. The former utilizes sharp-edge structures, while the latter employs acoustic wave action to affect both the fluid and its particles. However, traditional micromixers with acoustic bubbles achieve significant mixing performance and numerous programmable mixing platforms provide excellent solutions with wide applicability. This review offers a comprehensive overview of various micromixers, elucidates their underlying principles, and explores their biomedical applications. In addition, advanced programmable micromixing with impressive versatility, convenience, and ability of cross-scale operations is introduced in detail. We believe this review will benefit the researchers in the biomedical field to know the micromixers and find a suitable micromixing method for their various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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57
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Shen F, Gao J, Zhang J, Ai M, Gao H, Liu Z. Vortex sorting of rare particles/cells in microcavities: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021504. [PMID: 38571909 PMCID: PMC10987199 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip technology has shown great potential for the separation of target particles/cells from heterogeneous solutions. Among current separation methods, vortex sorting of particles/cells in microcavities is a highly effective method for trapping and isolating rare target cells, such as circulating tumor cells, from flowing samples. By utilizing fluid forces and inertial particle effects, this passive method offers advantages such as label-free operation, high throughput, and high concentration. This paper reviews the fundamental research on the mechanisms of focusing, trapping, and holding of particles in this method, designs of novel microcavities, as well as its applications. We also summarize the challenges and prospects of this technique with the hope to promote its applications in medical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Ai
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongkai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomiao Liu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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58
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Westwood J, Mayhook-Walker I, Simpkins C, Darby-Smith A, Morris D, Normando E. Retinal Vascular Changes in Response to Hypoxia: A High-Altitude Expedition Study. High Alt Med Biol 2024; 25:49-59. [PMID: 38011631 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Westwood, Jessica, India Mayhook-Walker, Ciaran Simpkins, Andrew Darby-Smith, Dan Morris, and Eduardo Normando. Retinal vascular changes in response to hypoxia: a high-altitude expedition study. High Alt Med Biol. 25:49-59, 2024. Background: Increased tortuosity and engorgement of retinal vasculature are recognized physiological responses to hypoxia. This can lead to high-altitude retinopathy (HAR), but incidence reports are highly variable, and our understanding of the etiological mechanisms remains incomplete. This study quantitatively evaluated retinal vascular changes during an expedition to 4,167 m. Methods: Ten healthy participants summited Mount Toubkal, Morocco. Fundus images were taken predeparture, daily throughout the expedition, and 1 month postreturn. Diameter and tortuosity of four vessels were assessed, in addition to vessel density and features of HAR. Results: Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in tortuosity and diameter were observed in several vessels on high-altitude exposure days. There was a strong correlation between altitude and supratemporal retinal artery diameter on days 2, 3, and 6 of the expedition (r = 0.7707, 0.7951, 0.7401, respectively; p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in median vessel density from 6.7% at baseline to 10.0% on summit day. Notably there were no incidences of HAR. Conclusion: Physiological but not pathological changes were seen in this cohort, which gives insight into the state of the cerebral vasculature throughout this expedition. These results are likely attributable to relatively low altitude exposure, a conservative ascent profile, and the cohort's demographic. Future study must include daily retinal images at higher altitudes and take steps to mitigate environmental confounders. This study is relevant to altitude tourists, patients with diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion, and critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Westwood
- Imperial College London Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - India Mayhook-Walker
- Imperial College London Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Simpkins
- Imperial College London Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Darby-Smith
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Morris
- Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Normando
- Imperial College London Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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59
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Saugel B, Annecke T, Bein B, Flick M, Goepfert M, Gruenewald M, Habicher M, Jungwirth B, Koch T, Kouz K, Meidert AS, Pestel G, Renner J, Sakka SG, Sander M, Treskatsch S, Zitzmann A, Reuter DA. Intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring and management of adults having non-cardiac surgery: Guidelines of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in collaboration with the German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies. J Clin Monit Comput 2024:10.1007/s10877-024-01132-7. [PMID: 38381359 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-024-01132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Haemodynamic monitoring and management are cornerstones of perioperative care. The goal of haemodynamic management is to maintain organ function by ensuring adequate perfusion pressure, blood flow, and oxygen delivery. We here present guidelines on "Intraoperative haemodynamic monitoring and management of adults having non-cardiac surgery" that were prepared by 18 experts on behalf of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und lntensivmedizin; DGAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Saugel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Thorsten Annecke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Hospital of the University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - Berthold Bein
- Department for Anaesthesiology, Asklepios Hospital Hamburg St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Flick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goepfert
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Alexianer St. Hedwigkliniken Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Gruenewald
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Evangelisches Amalie Sieveking Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marit Habicher
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bettina Jungwirth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tilo Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karim Kouz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Agnes S Meidert
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunther Pestel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Renner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Municipal Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samir G Sakka
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein gGmbH, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Sander
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amelie Zitzmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medical Centre of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel A Reuter
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medical Centre of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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60
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Smith BT, Hashmi SM. In situ polymer gelation in confined flow controls intermittent dynamics. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1858-1868. [PMID: 38315155 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01389h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymer flows through pores, nozzles and other small channels govern engineered and naturally occurring dynamics in many processes, from 3D printing to oil recovery in the earth's subsurface to a wide variety of biological flows. The crosslinking of polymers can change their material properties dramatically, and it is advantageous to know a priori whether or not crosslinking polymers will lead to clogged channels or cessation of flow. In this study, we investigate the flow of a common biopolymer, alginate, while it undergoes crosslinking by the addition of a crosslinker, calcium, driven through a microfluidic channel at constant flow rate. We map the boundaries defining complete clogging and flow as a function of flow rate, polymer concentration, and crosslinker concentration. Interestingly, the boundaries of the dynamic behavior qualitatively match the thermodynamic jamming phase diagram of attractive colloidal particles. That is, polymer clogging occurs in a region analogous to colloids in a jammed state, while the polymer flows in regions corresponding to colloids in a liquid phase. However, between the dynamic regimes of complete clogging and unrestricted flow, we observe a remarkable phenomenon in which the crosslinked polymer intermittently clogs the channel. This pattern of deposition and removal of a crosslinked gel is simultaneously highly reproducible, long-lasting, and controllable by system parameters. Higher concentrations of polymer and cross-linker result in more frequent ablation, while gels formed at lower component concentrations ablate less frequently. Upon ablation, the eluted gel maintains its shape, resulting in micro-rods several hundred microns long. Our results suggest both rich dynamics of intermittent flows in crosslinking polymers and the ability to control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett T Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, USA.
| | - Sara M Hashmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, USA.
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, USA
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61
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Kiseleva DG, Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Cherednichenko VR, Gugueva EA, Markin AM. Mechanisms of Myocardial Edema Development in CVD Pathophysiology. Biomedicines 2024; 12:465. [PMID: 38398066 PMCID: PMC10887157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial edema is the excess accumulation of fluid in the myocardial interstitium or cardiac cells that develops due to changes in capillary permeability, loss of glycocalyx charge, imbalance in lymphatic drainage, or a combination of these factors. Today it is believed that this condition is not only a complication of cardiovascular diseases, but in itself causes aggravation of the disease and increases the risks of adverse outcomes. The study of molecular, genetic, and mechanical changes in the myocardium during edema may contribute to the development of new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. This review was conducted to describe the main mechanisms of myocardial edema development at the molecular and cellular levels and to identify promising targets for the regulation of this condition based on articles cited in Pubmed up to January 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G. Kiseleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ac. Chazov Str. 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Vadim R. Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Gugueva
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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62
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Zhang Y, O'Mahony A, He Y, Barber T. Hydrodynamic shear stress' impact on mammalian cell properties and its applications in 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022003. [PMID: 38277669 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
As an effective cell assembly method, three-dimensional bioprinting has been widely used in building organ models and tissue repair over the past decade. However, different shear stresses induced throughout the entire printing process can cause complex impacts on cell integrity, including reducing cell viability, provoking morphological changes and altering cellular functionalities. The potential effects that may occur and the conditions under which these effects manifest are not clearly understood. Here, we review systematically how different mammalian cells respond under shear stress. We enumerate available experimental apparatus, and we categorise properties that can be affected under disparate stress patterns. We also summarise cell damaging mathematical models as a predicting reference for the design of bioprinting systems. We concluded that it is essential to quantify specific cell resistance to shear stress for the optimisation of bioprinting systems. Besides, as substantial positive impacts, including inducing cell alignment and promoting cell motility, can be generated by shear stress, we suggest that we find the proper range of shear stress and actively utilise its positive influences in the development of future systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Aidan O'Mahony
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Alexandria, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tracie Barber
- School of Mechanical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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63
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Fylling C, Tamayo J, Gopinath A, Theillard M. Multi-population dissolution in confined active fluids. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1392-1409. [PMID: 38305767 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Autonomous out-of-equilibrium agents or cells in suspension are ubiquitous in biology and engineering. Turning chemical energy into mechanical stress, they generate activity in their environment, which may trigger spontaneous large-scale dynamics. Often, these systems are composed of multiple populations that may reflect the coexistence of multiple species, differing phenotypes, or chemically varying agents in engineered settings. Here, we present a new method for modeling such multi-population active fluids subject to confinement. We use a continuum multi-scale mean-field approach to represent each phase by its first three orientational moments and couple their evolution with those of the suspending fluid. The resulting coupled system is solved using a parallel adaptive level-set-based solver for high computational efficiency and maximal flexibility in the confinement geometry. Motivated by recent experimental work, we employ our method to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of confined bacterial suspensions and swarms dominated by fluid hydrodynamic effects. Our in silico explorations reproduce observed emergent collective patterns, including features of active dissolution in two-population active-passive swarms, with results clearly suggesting that hydrodynamic effects dominate dissolution dynamics. Our work lays the foundation for a systematic characterization and study of collective phenomena in natural or synthetic multi-population systems such as bacteria colonies, bird flocks, fish schools, colloid swimmers, or programmable active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayce Fylling
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Merced, Merced, CA95343, USA.
| | - Joshua Tamayo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Arvind Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Maxime Theillard
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Merced, Merced, CA95343, USA.
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Khan D, Li X, Hashimoto T, Tanikawa R, Niemela M, Lawton M, Muhammad S. Current Mouse Models of Intracranial Aneurysms: Analysis of Pharmacological Agents Used to Induce Aneurysms and Their Impact on Translational Research. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031811. [PMID: 38258667 PMCID: PMC11056163 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are rare vascular lesions that are more frequently found in women. The pathophysiology behind the formation and growth of IAs is complex. Hence, to date, no single pharmacological option exists to treat them. Animal models, especially mouse models, represent a valuable tool to explore such complex scientific questions. Genetic modification in a mouse model of IAs, including deletion or overexpression of a particular gene, provides an excellent means for examining basic mechanisms behind disease pathophysiology and developing novel pharmacological approaches. All existing animal models need some pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, or both to develop IAs, which is different from the spontaneous and natural development of aneurysms under the influence of the classical risk factors. The benefit of such animal models is the development of IAs in a limited time. However, clinical translation of the results is often challenging because of the artificial course of IA development and growth. Here, we summarize the continuous improvement in mouse models of IAs. Moreover, we discuss the pros and cons of existing mouse models of IAs and highlight the main translational roadblocks and how to improve them to increase the success of translational IA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaware Khan
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Xuanchen Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tomoki Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery and NeurobiologyBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Rokuya Tanikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stroke CenterSapporo Teishinkai HospitalSapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Mika Niemela
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Michael Lawton
- Department of Neurological SurgeryBarrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of NeurosurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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65
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Astara K, Tsimpolis A, Kalafatakis K, Vavougios GD, Xiromerisiou G, Dardiotis E, Christodoulou NG, Samara MT, Lappas AS. Sleep disorders and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology: The role of the Glymphatic System. A scoping review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111899. [PMID: 38163471 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly intertwined with sleep disturbances throughout its whole natural history. Sleep consists of a major compound of the functionality of the glymphatic system, as the synchronized slow-wave activity during NREM facilitates cerebrospinal and interstitial long-distance mixing. OBJECTIVE The present study undertakes a scoping review of research on the involvement of the glymphatic system in AD-related sleep disturbances. DESIGN we searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo and HEAL-link databases, without limitations on date and language, along with reference lists of relevant reviews and all included studies. We included in vivo, in vitro and post-mortem studies examining glymphatic implications of sleep disturbances in human populations with AD spectrum pathology. A thematic synthesis of evidence based on the extracted content was applied and presented in a narrative way. RESULTS In total, 70 original research articles were included and were grouped as following: a) Protein aggregation and toxicity, after sleep deprivation, along with its effects on sleep architecture, b) Glymphatic Sequalae in SDB, yielding potential glymphatic markers c) Circadian Dysregulation, d) Possible Interventions. CONCLUSIONS this review sought to provide insight into the role of sleep disturbances in AD pathogenesis, in the context of the glymphatic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Astara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsimpolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete & Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kalafatakis
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry (Malta campus), Queen Mary University of London, VCT 2520, Victoria, Gozo, Malta.
| | - George D Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Lefkosia, Cyprus; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikos G Christodoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Medical School, University of Nottingham, Lenton, Nottingham, UK
| | - Myrto T Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Andreas S Lappas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Wales, UK
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66
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Lauzier DC, Srienc AI, Vellimana AK, Dacey Jr RG, Zipfel GJ. Peripheral macrophages in the development and progression of structural cerebrovascular pathologies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:169-191. [PMID: 38000039 PMCID: PMC10993883 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The human cerebrovascular system is responsible for maintaining neural function through oxygenation, nutrient supply, filtration of toxins, and additional specialized tasks. While the cerebrovascular system has resilience imparted by elaborate redundant collateral circulation from supportive tertiary structures, it is not infallible, and is susceptible to developing structural vascular abnormalities. The causes of this class of structural cerebrovascular diseases can be broadly categorized as 1) intrinsic developmental diseases resulting from genetic or other underlying aberrations (arteriovenous malformations and cavernous malformations) or 2) extrinsic acquired diseases that cause compensatory mechanisms to drive vascular remodeling (aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae). Cerebrovascular diseases of both types pose significant risks to patients, in some cases leading to death or disability. The drivers of such diseases are extensive, yet inflammation is intimately tied to all of their progressions. Central to this inflammatory hypothesis is the role of peripheral macrophages; targeting this critical cell type may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic advancement in this area. Here, we comprehensively review the role that peripheral macrophages play in cerebrovascular pathogenesis, provide a schema through which macrophage behavior can be understood in cerebrovascular pathologies, and describe emerging diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Lauzier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anja I Srienc
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ananth K Vellimana
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralph G Dacey Jr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Zhu Z, Chen T, Huang F, Wang S, Zhu P, Xu RX, Si T. Free-Boundary Microfluidic Platform for Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304840. [PMID: 37722080 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics, with its remarkable capacity to manipulate fluids and droplets at the microscale, has emerged as a powerful platform in numerous fields. In contrast to conventional closed microchannel microfluidic systems, free-boundary microfluidic manufacturing (FBMM) processes continuous precursor fluids into jets or droplets in a relatively spacious environment. FBMM is highly regarded for its superior flexibility, stability, economy, usability, and versatility in the manufacturing of advanced materials and architectures. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in FBMM is provided, encompassing technical principles, advanced material manufacturing, and their applications. FBMM is categorized based on the foundational mechanisms, primarily comprising hydrodynamics, interface effects, acoustics, and electrohydrodynamic. The processes and mechanisms of fluid manipulation are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the manufacturing of advanced materials in various dimensions ranging from zero-dimensional to three-dimensional, as well as their diverse applications in material science, biomedical engineering, and engineering are presented. Finally, current progress is summarized and future challenges are prospected. Overall, this review highlights the significant potential of FBMM as a powerful tool for advanced materials manufacturing and its wide-ranging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tianao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fangsheng Huang
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Negm AS, Collins JD, Bendel EC, Takahashi E, Knavel Koepsel EM, Gehling KJ, Burke CE, Barker DR, Stenzel WS, Bathke AM, Polites SF, Abcejo AS, Morris JM, Favazza C, Lu A, François CJ, Young P, Thompson SM. MR Lymphangiography in Lymphatic Disorders: Clinical Applications, Institutional Experience, and Practice Development. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230075. [PMID: 38271257 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Lymphatic flow and anatomy can be challenging to study, owing to variable lymphatic anatomy in patients with diverse primary or secondary lymphatic pathologic conditions and the fact that lymphatic imaging is rarely performed in healthy individuals. The primary components of the lymphatic system outside the head and neck are the peripheral, retroperitoneal, mesenteric, hepatic, and pulmonary lymphatic systems and the thoracic duct. Multiple techniques have been developed for imaging components of the lymphatic system over the past century, with trade-offs in spatial, temporal, and contrast resolution; invasiveness; exposure to ionizing radiation; and the ability to obtain information on dynamic lymphatic flow. More recently, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR lymphangiography (MRL) has emerged as a valuable tool for imaging both lymphatic flow and anatomy in a variety of congenital and acquired primary or secondary lymphatic disorders. The authors provide a brief overview of lymphatic physiology, anatomy, and imaging techniques. Next, an overview of DCE MRL and the development of an MRL practice and workflow in a hybrid interventional MRI suite incorporating cart-based in-room US is provided, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration. The spectrum of congenital and acquired lymphatic disorders encountered early in an MRL practice is provided, with emphasis on the diversity of imaging findings and how DCE MRL can aid in diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Methods such as DCE MRL for assessing the hepatic and mesenteric lymphatic systems and emerging technologies that may further expand DCE MRL use such as three-dimensional printing are introduced. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Negm
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Jeremy D Collins
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Emily C Bendel
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Edwin Takahashi
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Erica M Knavel Koepsel
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Kathleen J Gehling
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Courtney E Burke
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Devin R Barker
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Wayne S Stenzel
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Angela M Bathke
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Stephanie F Polites
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Arnoley S Abcejo
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Jonathan M Morris
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Christopher Favazza
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Aiming Lu
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Christopher J François
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Phillip Young
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
| | - Scott M Thompson
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging (A.S.N., J.D.C., E.T., D.R.B., W.S.S., C.F., A.L., C.J.F., P.Y., S.M.T.), Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (E.C.B., E.T., K.J.G., C.E.B., A.M.B., J.M.M., S.M.T.), Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery (S.F.P.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.A.), Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; and Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis (E.M.K.K.)
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Jahandardoost M, Ricci D, Milani AS, Jahandardoost M, Grecov D. A comprehensive simulation framework for predicting the eCLIPs implant crimping into a catheter and its deployment mechanisms. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106227. [PMID: 37995603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tubular flow diverters (FDs) represent an important subset of the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms (CAs), acting to reduce aneurysm inflow, eventually resulting in aneurysm thrombosis and occlusion. eCLIPs (product of Evasc Neurovascular Enterprises, Vancouver, Canada), an innovative non-tubular implant causes flow diversion by bridging the neck of bifurcation CAs. However, in a small subset of challenging bifurcation aneurysms with fusiform pathology, the currently available eCLIPs models do not provide sufficient neck bridging resulting in a gap created between the device structure and the aneurysm/artery wall. To overcome this challenge, a new design of the eCLIPs (VR-eCLIPs) was developed by varying the rib length to cover such an inflow gap. To optimize the new product development process, and avoiding expensive and time-consuming iterative manufacture of prototype devices, we have developed a new finite element model to simulate the crimping and expansion processes of the VR-eCLIPs implant, and assess the possibility of plastic deformation. Results indicated that neither eCLIPs nor VR-eCLIPs experience plastic deformation during the crimping process. Upon full expansion, the ribs of VR-eCLIPs interact with the aneurysm and artery wall to cover the inflow gap that exists in certain challenging anatomies. This process serves as a basis to expedite design development prior to prototype manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jahandardoost
- Industrial and Biological Multiphysics Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
| | - Donald Ricci
- eVasc Neurovascular Enterprise, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Abbas S Milani
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; Composites Research Network-Okanagan Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
| | - Mohsen Jahandardoost
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA, USA.
| | - Dana Grecov
- Industrial and Biological Multiphysics Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Souza AD, Scarim CB, Cotrim PC, Junior FB, Rocha BA, Calixto LA, Correia CJ, de Barros Araújo GL, Löbenberg R, Bou-Chacra NA, Breithaupt-Faloppa AC. Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone lymphatic uptake with nanostructured lipid carrier after oral administration in rats. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:293-301. [PMID: 38270378 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania sp., infects phagocyte cells present in lymphatic organs. This study demonstrates the influence of nanostructured lipid carrier-loaded hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NLC-NFOH) on lymphatic uptake using a chylomicron-blocking flow model in rats. Method: Lymphatic uptake of NFOH was assessed 1 h after oral administration of dimethyl sulfoxide with NFOH or NLC-NFOH with and without cycloheximide pretreatment. Result: Dimethyl sulfoxide with NFOH and NLC-NFOH showed NFOH serum concentrations of 0.0316 and 0.0291 μg/ml, respectively. After chylomicron blocking, NFOH was not detected. Conclusion: Despite log P below 5, NFOH was successfully taken up by the lymphatic system. Long-chain fatty acids and particle size might be main factors in these findings. NLC-NFOH is a promising and convenient platform for treating leishmaniasis via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cauê Benito Scarim
- Department of Drugs & Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Cotrim
- Seroepidemiology, Cellular & Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, Jardim América, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Junior
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Essentiality of Metals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alves Rocha
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Essentiality of Metals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diadema - SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Jesus Correia
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Raimar Löbenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
| | - Nádia Araci Bou-Chacra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Breithaupt-Faloppa
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
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71
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DuToit J, Brothers P, Stephens M, Keane K, de Jesus FN, Roizes S, von der Weid PY. Flow-dependent regulation of rat mesenteric lymphatic vessel contractile response requires activation of endothelial TRPV4 channels. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12839. [PMID: 38044795 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study is to evaluate the involvement of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in the alteration of lymphatic pumping in response to flow and determine the signaling pathways involved. METHODS We used immunofluorescence imaging and western blotting to assess TRPV4 expression in rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels. We examined inhibition of TRPV4 with HC067047, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with L-NNA and cyclooxygenases (COXs) with indomethacin on the contractile response of pressurized lymphatic vessels to flow changes induced by a stepwise increase in pressure gradients, and the functionality of endothelial TRPV4 channels by measuring the intracellular Ca2+ response of primary lymphatic endothelial cell cultures to the selective agonist GSK1016790A. RESULTS TRPV4 protein was expressed in both the endothelial and the smooth muscle layer of rat mesenteric lymphatics with high endothelial expression around the valve sites. When maintained under constant transmural pressure, most lymphatic vessels displayed a decrease in contraction frequency under conditions of flow and this effect was ablated through inhibition of NOS, COX or TRPV4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a critical role for TRPV4 in the decrease in contraction frequency induced in lymphatic vessels by increases in flow rate via the production and action of nitric oxide and dilatory prostanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques DuToit
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Brothers
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Keane
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Flavia Neto de Jesus
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Roizes
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Serrano JC, Gillrie MR, Li R, Ishamuddin SH, Moeendarbary E, Kamm RD. Microfluidic-Based Reconstitution of Functional Lymphatic Microvasculature: Elucidating the Role of Lymphatics in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302903. [PMID: 38059806 PMCID: PMC10837354 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the blood microvasculature and its functional role in health and disease has grown significantly attributable to decades of research and numerous advances in cell biology and tissue engineering; however, the lymphatics (the secondary vascular system) has not garnered similar attention, in part due to a lack of relevant in vitro models that mimic its pathophysiological functions. Here, a microfluidic-based approach is adopted to achieve precise control over the biological transport of growth factors and interstitial flow that drive the in vivo growth of lymphatic capillaries (lymphangiogenesis). The engineered on-chip lymphatics with in vivo-like morphology exhibit tissue-scale functionality with drainage rates of interstitial proteins and molecules comparable to in vivo standards. Computational and scaling analyses of the underlying transport phenomena elucidate the critical role of the three-dimensional geometry and lymphatic endothelium in recapitulating physiological drainage. Finally, the engineered on-chip lymphatics enabled studies of lymphatic-immune interactions that revealed inflammation-driven responses by the lymphatics to recruit immune cells via chemotactic signals similar to in vivo, pathological events. This on-chip lymphatics platform permits the interrogation of various lymphatic biological functions, as well as screening of lymphatic-based therapies such as interstitial absorption of protein therapeutics and lymphatic immunomodulation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C. Serrano
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Mark R. Gillrie
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ran Li
- Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Research InstituteBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sarah H. Ishamuddin
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- 199 Biotechnologies LtdGloucester RoadLondonW2 6LDUK
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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73
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Jayathungage Don TD, Safaei S, Maso Talou GD, Russell PS, Phillips ARJ, Reynolds HM. Computational fluid dynamic modeling of the lymphatic system: a review of existing models and future directions. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:3-22. [PMID: 37902894 PMCID: PMC10901951 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Historically, research into the lymphatic system has been overlooked due to both a lack of knowledge and limited recognition of its importance. In the last decade however, lymphatic research has gained substantial momentum and has included the development of a variety of computational models to aid understanding of this complex system. This article reviews existing computational fluid dynamic models of the lymphatics covering each structural component including the initial lymphatics, pre-collecting and collecting vessels, and lymph nodes. This is followed by a summary of limitations and gaps in existing computational models and reasons that development in this field has been hindered to date. Over the next decade, efforts to further characterize lymphatic anatomy and physiology are anticipated to provide key data to further inform and validate lymphatic fluid dynamic models. Development of more comprehensive multiscale- and multi-physics computational models has the potential to significantly enhance the understanding of lymphatic function in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soroush Safaei
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gonzalo D Maso Talou
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter S Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hayley M Reynolds
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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74
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Du J, Fogelson AL. A computational investigation of occlusive arterial thrombosis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:157-178. [PMID: 37702979 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The generation of occlusive thrombi in stenotic arteries involves the rapid deposition of millions of circulating platelets under high shear flow. The process is mediated by the formation of molecular bonds of several distinct types between platelets; the bonds capture the moving platelets and stabilize the growing thrombi under flow. We investigated the mechanisms behind occlusive thrombosis in arteries with a two-phase continuum model. The model explicitly tracks the formation and rupture of the two types of interplatelet bonds, the rates of which are coupled with the local flow conditions. The motion of platelets in the thrombi results from competition between the viscoelastic forces generated by the interplatelet bonds and the fluid drag. Our simulation results indicate that stable occlusive thrombi form only under specific combinations for the ranges of model parameters such as rates of bond formation and rupture, platelet activation time, and number of bonds required for platelet attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University BLVD, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA.
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Departments of Mathematics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 155 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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75
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Ebrahimi S, Bagchi P. Predicting capillary vessel network hemodynamics in silico by machine learning. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae043. [PMID: 38725529 PMCID: PMC11079571 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Blood velocity and red blood cell (RBC) distribution profiles in a capillary vessel cross-section in the microcirculation are generally complex and do not follow Poiseuille's parabolic or uniform pattern. Existing imaging techniques used to map large microvascular networks in vivo do not allow a direct measurement of full 3D velocity and RBC concentration profiles, although such information is needed for accurate evaluation of the physiological variables, such as the wall shear stress (WSS) and near-wall cell-free layer (CFL), that play critical roles in blood flow regulation, disease progression, angiogenesis, and hemostasis. Theoretical network flow models, often used for hemodynamic predictions in experimentally acquired images of the microvascular network, cannot provide the full 3D profiles either. In contrast, such information can be readily obtained from high-fidelity computational models that treat blood as a suspension of deformable RBCs. These models, however, are computationally expensive and not feasible for extension to the microvascular network at large spatial scales up to an organ level. To overcome such limitations, here we present machine learning (ML) models that bypass such expensive computations but provide highly accurate and full 3D profiles of the blood velocity, RBC concentration, WSS, and CFL in every vessel in the microvascular network. The ML models, which are based on artificial neural networks and convolution-based U-net models, predict hemodynamic quantities that compare very well against the true data but reduce the prediction time by several orders. This study therefore paves the way for ML to make detailed and accurate hemodynamic predictions in spatially large microvascular networks at an organ-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Ebrahimi
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Prosenjit Bagchi
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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76
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Easson M, Wong S, Moody M, Schmidt TA, Deymier A. Physiochemical effects of acid exposure on bone composition and function. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106304. [PMID: 38096610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bone is primarily composed of collagen and apatite, two materials which exhibit a high sensitivity to pH dysregulation. As a result, acid exposure of bone, both clinically and in the laboratory is expected to cause compositional and mechanical changes to the tissue. Clinically, Metabolic acidosis (MA), a condition characterized by a reduced physiological pH, has been shown to have negative implications on bone health, including a decrease in bone mineral density and volume as well as increased fracture risk. The addition of bone-like apatite to ionic solutions such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and media has been shown to acidify the solution leading to bone acid exposure. Therefore, is it essential to understand how reduced pH physiochemically affects bone composition and in turn its mechanical properties. This study investigates the specific changes in bone due to physiochemical dissolution in acid. Excised murine bones were placed in PBS solutions at different pHs: a homeostatic pH level (pH 7.4), an acidosis equivalent (pH 7.0), and an extreme acidic solution (pH 5.5). After 5 days, the bones were removed from the solutions and characterized to determine compositional and material changes. We found that bones, without cells, were able to regulate pH via buffering, leading to a decrease in bone mineral content and an increase in collagen denaturation. Both of these compositional changes contributed to an increase in bone toughness by creating a more ductile bone surface and preventing crack propagation. Therefore, we conclude that the skeletal systems' physiochemical response to acid exposure includes multifaceted and spatially variable compositional changes that affect bone mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Easson
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Wong
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mikayla Moody
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alix Deymier
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Niroobakhsh M, Laughrey LE, Dallas SL, Johnson ML, Ganesh T. Computational modeling based on confocal imaging predicts changes in osteocyte and dendrite shear stress due to canalicular loss with aging. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:129-143. [PMID: 37642807 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity exert mechanical loading on the bones which induces bone formation. However, the relationship between the osteocyte lacunar-canalicular morphology and mechanical stress experienced locally by osteocytes transducing signals for bone formation is not fully understood. In this study, we used computational modeling to predict the effect of canalicular density, the number of fluid inlets, and load direction on fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) and bone strains and how these might change following the microstructural deterioration of the lacunar-canalicular network that occurs with aging. Four distinct computational models were initially generated of osteocytes with either ten or eighteen dendrites using a fluid-structure interaction method with idealized geometries. Next, a young and a simulated aged osteocyte were developed from confocal images after FITC staining of the femur of a 4-month-old C57BL/6 mouse to estimate FFSS using a computational fluid dynamics approach. The models predicted higher fluid velocities in the canaliculi versus the lacunae. Comparison of idealized models with five versus one fluid inlet indicated that with four more inlets, one-half of the dendrites experienced FFSS greater than 0.8 Pa, which has been associated with osteogenic responses. Confocal image-based models of real osteocytes indicated a six times higher ratio of canalicular to lacunar surface area in the young osteocyte model than the simulated aged model and the average FFSS in the young model (FFSS = 0.46 Pa) was three times greater than the aged model (FFSS = 0.15 Pa). Interestingly, the surface area with FFSS values above 0.8 Pa was 23 times greater in the young versus the simulated aged model. These findings may explain the impaired mechano-responsiveness of osteocytes with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Niroobakhsh
- Division of Natural and Built Environment, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350 L Flarsheim Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 620 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Loretta E Laughrey
- Division of Natural and Built Environment, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350 L Flarsheim Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 620 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 620 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 620 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Thiagarajan Ganesh
- Division of Natural and Built Environment, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350 L Flarsheim Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
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Neary MT, Mulder LM, Kowalski PS, MacLoughlin R, Crean AM, Ryan KB. Nebulised delivery of RNA formulations to the lungs: From aerosol to cytosol. J Control Release 2024; 366:812-833. [PMID: 38101753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade RNA-based therapies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) have emerged as new and ground-breaking therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of many conditions from viral infection to cancer. Most clinically approved RNA therapies are parenterally administered which impacts patient compliance and adds to healthcare costs. Pulmonary administration via inhalation is a non-invasive means to deliver RNA and offers an attractive alternative to injection. Nebulisation is a particularly appealing method due to the capacity to deliver large RNA doses during tidal breathing. In this review, we discuss the unique physiological barriers presented by the lung to efficient nebulised RNA delivery and approaches adopted to circumvent this problem. Additionally, the different types of nebulisers are evaluated from the perspective of their suitability for RNA delivery. Furthermore, we discuss recent preclinical studies involving nebulisation of RNA and analysis in in vitro and in vivo settings. Several studies have also demonstrated the importance of an effective delivery vector in RNA nebulisation therefore we assess the variety of lipid, polymeric and hybrid-based delivery systems utilised to date. We also consider the outlook for nebulised RNA medicinal products and the hurdles which must be overcome for successful clinical translation. In summary, nebulised RNA delivery has demonstrated promising potential for the treatment of several lung-related conditions such as asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, to which the mode of delivery is of crucial importance for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Neary
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Piotr S Kowalski
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Abina M Crean
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Behir B, Benslimane A, Mehdaoui H, Mehdi B. Impact of hematocrit on pulsatile blood flow in stenosed arteries: a computational study in healthy, diabetic, and anemic models. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38297822 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2310720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, researchers aim to enhance the realism of circulatory system simulations, focusing on factors affecting flow variations, particularly in stenotic arteries of individuals with altered hematocrit levels. Through extensive data collection and varied conditions, the goal is to attain more precise and valid results. The study conducts approximate simulations to comprehensively describe the dynamic motion of pulsatile flow. Different values of inlet velocity (UDF) are introduced, considering potential arterial distortion or occlusion due to plaque deposition, along with variations in hematocrit (Hct) levels commonly observed in patients. Three distinct types of pulsatile blood flow, corresponding to diabetes (Hct 65%), healthy (Hct 45%), and anemia (Hct 25%), are studied and compared. The research illuminates that stenosis in arteries with varying hematocrit levels significantly impacts hydrodynamic features, potentially predisposing individuals to cardiovascular diseases. Through meticulous analysis, several conclusions about hemodynamic characteristics are drawn. It is observed that both velocity and wall shear stress exhibit variation along the affected artery, influenced by stenosis and changes in hematocrit levels. Notably, the highest influence on velocity and wall shear stress is observed with Hct 65%, compared to Hct 45% and Hct 25% at the moment of stenosis. These findings hold substantial practical implications for the field of cardiovascular health, providing valuable insights into blood flow behavior in stenotic arteries with diverse hematocrit levels. Ultimately, this research contributes to more effective clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Behir
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Energetics (L2ME), Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Abdelhakim Benslimane
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Energetics (L2ME), Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Hamza Mehdaoui
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials and Energetics (L2ME), Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Boukhari Mehdi
- Laboratory of Materials Technology and Process Engineering (LTMGP), Faculty of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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80
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Zhong X, Liu Y, Ardekani AM. A compartment model for subcutaneous injection of monoclonal antibodies. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123687. [PMID: 38103705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of subcutaneous (SC) administration for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), there remains a limited understanding of the significance of mAb transport rate constants within the interstitial space and the lymphatic system on their pharmacokinetics. To bridge this knowledge gap, we introduce a compartmental model for subcutaneously administered mAbs. Our model differentiates FcRn-expressing cells across various sites, and the model predictions agree with experimental data from both human and rat studies. Our findings indicate that the time to reach the maximum mAb concentration in the plasma, denoted by Tmax, displays a weak positive correlation with mAb half-life and a negligible correlation with bioavailability. In contrast, the half-life of mAbs exhibits a strong positive correlation with bioavailability. Moreover, the rate of mAb transport from lymph to plasma significantly affects the mAb half-life. Increasing the transport rates of mAbs from the injection site to the lymph or from lymph to plasma enhances bioavailability. These insights, combined with our compartmental model, contribute to a deeper understanding of the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Yikai Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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81
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Dahms P, Lyons TR. Toward Characterizing Lymphatic Vasculature in the Mammary Gland During Normal Development and Tumor-Associated Remodeling. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:1. [PMID: 38218743 PMCID: PMC10787674 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vasculature has been shown to promote metastatic spread of breast cancer. Lymphatic vasculature, which is made up of larger collecting vessels and smaller capillaries, has specialized cell junctions that facilitate cell intravasation. Normally, these junctions are designed to collect immune cells and other cellular components for immune surveillance by lymph nodes, but they are also utilized by cancer cells to facilitate metastasis. Although lymphatic development overall in the body has been well-characterized, there has been little focus on how the lymphatic network changes in the mammary gland during stages of remodeling such as pregnancy, lactation, and postpartum involution. In this review, we aim to define the currently known lymphangiogenic factors and lymphatic remodeling events during mammary gland morphogenesis. Furthermore, we juxtapose mammary gland pubertal development and postpartum involution to show similarities of pro-lymphangiogenic signaling as well as other molecular signals for epithelial cell survival that are critical in these morphogenic stages. The similar mechanisms include involvement of M2-polarized macrophages that contribute to matrix remodeling and vasculogenesis; signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) survival and proliferation signaling; and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling to promote ductal and lymphatic expansion. Investigation and characterization of lymphangiogenesis in the normal mammary gland can provide insight to targetable mechanisms for lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic spread of tumor cells in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dahms
- Division of Medical Oncology Senior Scientist, Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 12801 E 17th Ave, RC1 South, Mailstop 8117, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Anschutz Medical Campus Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology Senior Scientist, Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 12801 E 17th Ave, RC1 South, Mailstop 8117, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Anschutz Medical Campus Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA.
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82
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Teeraratkul C, Tomaiuolo M, Stalker TJ, Mukherjee D. Investigating clot-flow interactions by integrating intravital imaging with in silico modeling for analysis of flow, transport, and hemodynamic forces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:696. [PMID: 38184693 PMCID: PMC10771506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
As a blood clot forms, grows, deforms, and embolizes following a vascular injury, local clot-flow interactions lead to a highly dynamic flow environment. The local flow influences transport of biochemical species relevant for clotting, and determines the forces on the clot that in turn lead to clot deformation and embolization. Despite this central role, quantitative characterization of this dynamic clot-flow interaction and flow environment in the clot neighborhood remains a major challenge. Here, we propose an approach that integrates dynamic intravital imaging with computer geometric modeling and computational flow and transport modeling to develop a unified in silico framework to quantify the dynamic clot-flow interactions. We outline the development of the methodology referred to as Intravital Integrated In Silico Modeling or IVISim, and then demonstrate the method on a sample set of simulations comprising clot formation following laser injury in two mouse cremaster arteriole injury model data: one wild-type mouse case, and one diYF knockout mouse case. Simulation predictions are verified against experimental observations of transport of caged fluorescent Albumin (cAlb) in both models. Through these simulations, we illustrate how the IVISim methodology can provide insights into hemostatic processes, the role of flow and clot-flow interactions, and enable further investigations comparing and contrasting different biological model scenarios and parameter variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayut Teeraratkul
- Paul M Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Maurizio Tomaiuolo
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Debanjan Mukherjee
- Paul M Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
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83
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Stathoulopoulos A, Passos A, Kaliviotis E, Balabani S. Partitioning of dense RBC suspensions in single microfluidic bifurcations: role of cell deformability and bifurcation angle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:535. [PMID: 38177195 PMCID: PMC10767057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are a key determinant of human physiology and their behaviour becomes extremely heterogeneous as they navigate in narrow, bifurcating vessels in the microvasculature, affecting local haemodynamics. This is due to partitioning in bifurcations which is dependent on the biomechanical properties of RBCs, especially deformability. We examine the effect of deformability on the haematocrit distributions of dense RBC suspensions flowing in a single, asymmetric Y-shaped bifurcation, experimentally. Human RBC suspensions (healthy and artificially hardened) at 20% haematocrit (Ht) were perfused through the microchannels at different flow ratios between the outlet branches, and negligible inertia, and imaged to infer cell distributions. Notable differences in the shape of the haematocrit distributions were observed between healthy and hardened RBCs near the bifurcation apex. These lead to more asymmetric distributions for healthy RBCs in the daughter and outlet branches with cells accumulating near the inner channel walls, exhibiting distinct hematocrit peaks which are sharper for healthy RBCs. Although the hematocrit distributions differed locally, similar partitioning characteristics were observed for both suspensions. Comparisons with RBC distributions measured in a T-shaped bifurcation showed that the bifurcation angle affects the haematocrit characteristics of the healthy RBCs and not the hardened ones. The extent of RBC partitioning was found similar in both geometries and suspensions. The study highlights the differences between local and global characteristics which impact RBC distribution in more complex, multi-bifurcation networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Stathoulopoulos
- FluME, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Andreas Passos
- FluME, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Efstathios Kaliviotis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Stavroula Balabani
- FluME, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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84
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Silveira A, Greving I, Longo E, Scheel M, Weitkamp T, Fleck C, Shahar R, Zaslansky P. Deep learning to overcome Zernike phase-contrast nanoCT artifacts for automated micro-nano porosity segmentation in bone. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:136-149. [PMID: 38095668 PMCID: PMC10833422 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523009852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bone material contains a hierarchical network of micro- and nano-cavities and channels, known as the lacuna-canalicular network (LCN), that is thought to play an important role in mechanobiology and turnover. The LCN comprises micrometer-sized lacunae, voids that house osteocytes, and submicrometer-sized canaliculi that connect bone cells. Characterization of this network in three dimensions is crucial for many bone studies. To quantify X-ray Zernike phase-contrast nanotomography data, deep learning is used to isolate and assess porosity in artifact-laden tomographies of zebrafish bones. A technical solution is proposed to overcome the halo and shade-off domains in order to reliably obtain the distribution and morphology of the LCN in the tomographic data. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models are utilized with increasing numbers of images, repeatedly validated by `error loss' and `accuracy' metrics. U-Net and Sensor3D CNN models were trained on data obtained from two different synchrotron Zernike phase-contrast transmission X-ray microscopes, the ANATOMIX beamline at SOLEIL (Paris, France) and the P05 beamline at PETRA III (Hamburg, Germany). The Sensor3D CNN model with a smaller batch size of 32 and a training data size of 70 images showed the best performance (accuracy 0.983 and error loss 0.032). The analysis procedures, validated by comparison with human-identified ground-truth images, correctly identified the voids within the bone matrix. This proposed approach may have further application to classify structures in volumetric images that contain non-linear artifacts that degrade image quality and hinder feature identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Silveira
- Department for Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imke Greving
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elena Longo
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Fleck
- Fachgebiet Werkstofftechnik / Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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85
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Wang Y, Yin X. Modelling coronary flow and myocardial perfusion by integrating a structured-tree coronary flow model and a hyperelastic left ventricle model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107928. [PMID: 38000321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is an increasing demand to establish integrated computational models that facilitate the exploration of coronary circulation in physiological and pathological contexts, particularly concerning interactions between coronary flow dynamics and myocardial motion. The field of cardiology has also demonstrated a trend toward personalised medicine, where these integrated models can be instrumental in integrating patient-specific data to improve therapeutic outcomes. Notably, incorporating a structured-tree model into such integrated models is currently absent in the literature, which presents a promising prospect. Thus, the goal here is to develop a novel computational framework that combines a 1D structured-tree model of coronary flow in human coronary vasculature with a 3D left ventricle model utilising a hyperelastic constitutive law, enabling the physiologically accurate simulation of coronary flow dynamics. METHODS We adopted detailed geometric information from previous studies of both coronary vasculature and left ventricle to construct the coronary flow model and the left ventricle model. The structured-tree model for coronary flow was expanded to encompass the effect of time-varying intramyocardial pressure on intramyocardial blood vessels. Simultaneously, the left ventricle model served as a robust foundation for the calculation of intramyocardial pressure and subsequent quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion. A one-way coupling framework between the two models was established to enable the evaluation and examination of coronary flow dynamics and myocardial perfusion. RESULTS Our predicted coronary flow waveforms aligned well with published experimental data. Our model precisely captured the phasic pattern of coronary flow, including impeded or even reversed flow during systole. Moreover, our assessment of coronary flow, considering both globally and regionally averaged intramyocardial pressure, demonstrated that elevated intramyocardial pressure corresponds to increased impeding effects on coronary flow. Furthermore, myocardial blood flow simulated from our model was comparable with MRI perfusion data at rest, showcasing the capability of our model to predict myocardial perfusion. CONCLUSIONS The integrated model introduced in this study presents a novel approach to achieving physiologically accurate simulations of coronary flow and myocardial perfusion. It holds promise for its clinical applicability in diagnosing insufficient myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Xueqing Yin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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86
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Zhang Y, Man J, Wang J, Liu J, Song X, Yu X, Li J, Li R, Qiu Y, Li J, Chen Y. Surface modification of polyvinyl chloride with sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan and heparin for realizing the anticoagulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127653. [PMID: 37918597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis of extracorporeal circuits causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, plasma treatment technology and chemical grafting method were used to construct heparinized surfaces on the PVC substrate, which could not only reduce thrombosis but also decrease the side effects of the direct injection of anticoagulants. The PVC substrate was modified by plasma treatment technology firstly to obtain the active surface with the hydroxyl groups used for grafting. Then, heparin was grafted onto the modified PVC surface using different grafting strategies to prepare different heparinized surfaces. The experimental results indicated that the sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) used as interlayers could significantly increase the graft density of heparin to improve the anticoagulant effects and hemocompatibility of heparinized surfaces. In addition, the modification of heparin can further improve the anticoagulant effects. The CCS/low-molecular-weight heparin (LWMH) surface has the best anticoagulant properties, which can prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values of human plasma for about 35 s, reduce the hemolysis rates to <0.3 %, and perform well in the in-vitro blood circulation test. The heparinized surfaces prepared in this work have great application potential in anticoagulant treatment for medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Jia Man
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
| | - Jiali Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jianing Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Song
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Ruijian Li
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yinghua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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87
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Yi W, Otani T, Yoshida T, Endo S, Wada S. Computational study on hemodynamic effects of left superior pulmonary vein resection and associated physiological changes in the left atrium after left upper lobectomy. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024; 27:167-178. [PMID: 36790387 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2178258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Left upper lobectomy (LUL) with left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) resection alters the left atrium (LA) physiological states and LA hemodynamics associated with thrombosis, although this underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of LSPV resection and associated LA physiological changes on LA hemodynamics using four-dimensional computed tomography image-based computational simulations. Three cases were considered: the LA before and after LUL extracted from computed tomography images and artificial LSPV resection without physiological changes. Comparisons among the three cases demonstrated that physiological changes associated with LSPV resection are the possible factors that affect the LA hemodynamics after LUL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Otani
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Endo
- Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Omiya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shiego Wada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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88
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Albahrani FH, Alturaiki JA, Alahmed AY, Aljasem JM, Alshammari MM, Alali AS, Aldabbab AY, Alhelal AA, Alkhairy A. Co-occurrence of Meningioma and Intracranial Aneurysm: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52919. [PMID: 38406094 PMCID: PMC10893881 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A complete understanding of the rare neurosurgical phenomenon of co-occurring meningioma and intracranial aneurysm is important to improve the quality of life and decrease future complications in these patients. In this review, we searched the literature for cases of this rare phenomenon to highlight the most important historical, investigation, and treatment-related factors to improve the accuracy of intraoperative procedural decisions. We searched the PubMed database for case reports on this neurological rare phenomenon to create organized data for our review. Then, we extracted information from these cases and organized it in a table. We identified 19 cases in the literature. In the published studies, there was a predominance of the female sex (73.68%). The mean age of the patients was 54.11 years, with the cases relatively evenly distributed among patients in their 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s. Posterior communicating artery aneurysm was the most common among the 19 cases. For meningioma, the frontal lobe and clinoid were the two most affected locations, and the meningothelial histopathology was the most common. Complete tumor resection and aneurysmal clipping were done for the majority of the cases (57.8%) unless there was a complication that deferred simultaneous intervention. Fortunately, most patients (78.95%) recovered completely after surgery. The coexistence of meningioma and intracranial aneurysm has a very high cure rate, postoperative symptom resolution, and a very low recurrence rate. For most cases, neuroimaging investigations are recommended for simultaneous management. This imaging can also highlight other potentially suspicious findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali A Alhelal
- Medical School, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Abdu Alkhairy
- Skull Base and Vascular Neurosurgery, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Aseer, SAU
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89
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Závodszky G, Gyürki D, Károlyi G, Szikora I, Paál G. Fractals and Chaos in the Hemodynamics of Intracranial Aneurysms. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:397-412. [PMID: 38468044 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Computing the emerging flow in blood vessel sections by means of computational fluid dynamics is an often applied practice in hemodynamics research. One particular area for such investigations is related to the cerebral aneurysms, since their formation, pathogenesis, and the risk of a potential rupture may be flow-related. We present a study on the behavior of small advected particles in cerebral vessel sections in the presence of aneurysmal malformations. These malformations cause strong flow disturbances driving the system toward chaotic behavior. Within these flows, the particle trajectories can form a fractal structure, the properties of which are measurable by quantitative techniques. The measurable quantities are well established chaotic properties, such as the Lyapunov exponent, escape rate, and information dimension. Based on these findings, we propose that chaotic flow within blood vessels in the vicinity of the aneurysm might be relevant for the pathogenesis and development of this malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Závodszky
- University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute, Computational Science Lab, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Dániel Gyürki
- University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute, Computational Science Lab, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - György Károlyi
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Szikora
- Department of Neurointerventions, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Paál
- University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute, Computational Science Lab, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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90
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Grande Gutiérrez N, Mukherjee D, Bark D. Decoding thrombosis through code: a review of computational models. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:35-47. [PMID: 37657562 PMCID: PMC11064820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
From the molecular level up to a blood vessel, thrombosis and hemostasis involves many interconnected biochemical and biophysical processes over a wide range of length and time scales. Computational modeling has gained eminence in offering insights into these processes beyond what can be obtained from in vitro or in vivo experiments, or clinical measurements. The multiscale and multiphysics nature of thrombosis has inspired a wide range of modeling approaches that aim to address how a thrombus forms and dismantles. Here, we review recent advances in computational modeling with a focus on platelet-based thrombosis. We attempt to summarize the diverse range of modeling efforts straddling the wide-spectrum of physical phenomena, length scales, and time scales; highlighting key advancements and insights from existing studies. Potential information gleaned from models is discussed, ranging from identification of thrombus-prone regions in patient-specific vasculature to modeling thrombus deformation and embolization in response to fluid forces. Furthermore, we highlight several limitations of current models, future directions in the field, and opportunities for clinical translation, to illustrate the state-of-the-art. There are a plethora of opportunity areas for which models can be expanded, ranging from topics of thromboinflammation to platelet production and clearance. Through successes demonstrated in existing studies described here, as well as continued advancements in computational methodologies and computer processing speeds and memory, in silico investigations in thrombosis are poised to bring about significant knowledge growth in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Grande Gutiérrez
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Mechanical Engineering Pittsburgh, PA, USA. https://twitter.com/ngrandeg
| | - Debanjan Mukherjee
- University of Colorado Boulder, Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering Boulder, CO, USA. https://twitter.com/debanjanmukh
| | - David Bark
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology St Louis, MO, USA; Washington University in St Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering St Louis, MO, USA.
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Larson BT. Perspectives on Principles of Cellular Behavior from the Biophysics of Protists. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1405-1421. [PMID: 37496203 PMCID: PMC10755178 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are the fundamental unit of biological organization. Although it may be easy to think of them as little more than the simple building blocks of complex organisms such as animals, single cells are capable of behaviors of remarkable apparent sophistication. This is abundantly clear when considering the diversity of form and function among the microbial eukaryotes, the protists. How might we navigate this diversity in the search for general principles of cellular behavior? Here, we review cases in which the intensive study of protists from the perspective of cellular biophysics has driven insight into broad biological questions of morphogenesis, navigation and motility, and decision making. We argue that applying such approaches to questions of evolutionary cell biology presents rich, emerging opportunities. Integrating and expanding biophysical studies across protist diversity, exploiting the unique characteristics of each organism, will enrich our understanding of general underlying principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Larson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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92
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Weiss AJ, Panduro AO, Schwarz EL, Sexton ZA, Lan IS, Geisbush TR, Marsden AL, Telischak NA. A matched-pair case control study identifying hemodynamic predictors of cerebral aneurysm growth using computational fluid dynamics. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1300754. [PMID: 38162830 PMCID: PMC10757566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1300754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Initiation and progression of cerebral aneurysms is known to be driven by complex interactions between biological and hemodynamic factors, but the hemodynamic mechanism which drives aneurysm growth is unclear. We employed robust modeling and computational methods, including temporal and spatial convergence studies, to study hemodynamic characteristics of cerebral aneurysms and identify differences in these characteristics between growing and stable aneurysms. Methods: Eleven pairs of growing and non-growing cerebral aneurysms, matched in both size and location, were modeled from MRA and CTA images, then simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Key hemodynamic characteristics, including wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and portion of the aneurysm under low shear, were evaluated. Statistical analysis was then performed using paired Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results: The portion of the aneurysm dome under 70% of the parent artery mean wall shear stress was higher in growing aneurysms than in stable aneurysms and had the highest significance among the tested metrics (p = 0.08). Other metrics of area under low shear had similar levels of significance. Discussion: These results align with previously observed hemodynamic trends in cerebral aneurysms, indicating a promising direction for future study of low shear area and aneurysm growth. We also found that mesh resolution significantly affected simulated WSS in cerebral aneurysms. This establishes that robust computational modeling methods are necessary for high fidelity results. Together, this work demonstrates that complex hemodynamics are at play within cerebral aneurysms, and robust modeling and simulation methods are needed to further study this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson J. Weiss
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aaron O. Panduro
- Department of Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Erica L. Schwarz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Sexton
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ingrid S. Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas. R. Geisbush
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alison L. Marsden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Telischak
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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93
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Chalkias A. Shear Stress and Endothelial Mechanotransduction in Trauma Patients with Hemorrhagic Shock: Hidden Coagulopathy Pathways and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17522. [PMID: 38139351 PMCID: PMC10743945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive trauma remains a leading cause of death and a global public health burden. Post-traumatic coagulopathy may be present even before the onset of resuscitation, and correlates with severity of trauma. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of abnormal coagulation processes, but the heterogeneity in injuries and patient profiles makes it difficult to define a dominant mechanism. Regardless of the pattern of death, a significant role in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of coagulopathy may be attributed to the exposure of endothelial cells to abnormal physical forces and mechanical stimuli in their local environment. In these conditions, the cellular responses are translated into biochemical signals that induce/aggravate oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulopathy. Microvascular shear stress-induced alterations could be treated or prevented by the development and use of innovative pharmacologic strategies that effectively target shear-mediated endothelial dysfunction, including shear-responsive drug delivery systems and novel antioxidants, and by targeting the venous side of the circulation to exploit the beneficial antithrombogenic profile of venous endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chalkias
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA;
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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94
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Keramati H, de Vecchi A, Rajani R, Niederer SA. Using Gaussian process for velocity reconstruction after coronary stenosis applicable in positron emission particle tracking: An in-silico study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295789. [PMID: 38096169 PMCID: PMC10721050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate velocity reconstruction is essential for assessing coronary artery disease. We propose a Gaussian process method to reconstruct the velocity profile using the sparse data of the positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) in a biological environment, which allows the measurement of tracer particle velocity to infer fluid velocity fields. We investigated the influence of tracer particle quantity and detection time interval on flow reconstruction accuracy. Three models were used to represent different levels of stenosis and anatomical complexity: a narrowed straight tube, an idealized coronary bifurcation with stenosis, and patient-specific coronary arteries with a stenotic left circumflex artery. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle tracking, and the Gaussian process of kriging were employed to simulate and reconstruct the pulsatile flow field. The study examined the error and uncertainty in velocity profile reconstruction after stenosis by comparing particle-derived flow velocity with the CFD solution. Using 600 particles (15 batches of 40 particles) released in the main coronary artery, the time-averaged error in velocity reconstruction ranged from 13.4% (no occlusion) to 161% (70% occlusion) in patient-specific anatomy. The error in maximum cross-sectional velocity at peak flow was consistently below 10% in all cases. PEPT and kriging tended to overestimate area-averaged velocity in higher occlusion cases but accurately predicted maximum cross-sectional velocity, particularly at peak flow. Kriging was shown to be useful to estimate the maximum velocity after the stenosis in the absence of negative near-wall velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Keramati
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adelaide de Vecchi
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronak Rajani
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Guy’s and St, Thomas’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A. Niederer
- School of Bioengineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Turing Research and Innovation Cluster in Digital Twins (TRIC: DT), The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
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95
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Hancock EJ, Zawieja SD, Macaskill C, Davis MJ, Bertram CD. A dual-clock-driven model of lymphatic muscle cell pacemaking to emulate knock-out of Ano1 or IP3R. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313355. [PMID: 37851028 PMCID: PMC10585120 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic system defects are involved in a wide range of diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Fluid return through the lymphatic vascular system is primarily provided by contractions of muscle cells in the walls of lymphatic vessels, which are in turn driven by electrochemical oscillations that cause rhythmic action potentials and associated surges in intracellular calcium ion concentration. There is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved in these repeated events, restricting the development of pharmacological treatments for dysfunction. Previously, we proposed a model where autonomous oscillations in the membrane potential (M-clock) drove passive oscillations in the calcium concentration (C-clock). In this paper, to model more accurately what is known about the underlying physiology, we extend this model to the case where the M-clock and the C-clock oscillators are both active but coupled together, thus both driving the action potentials. This extension results from modifications to the model's description of the IP3 receptor, a key C-clock mechanism. The synchronised dual-driving clock behaviour enables the model to match IP3 receptor knock-out data, thus resolving an issue with previous models. We also use phase-plane analysis to explain the mechanisms of coupling of the dual clocks. The model has the potential to help determine mechanisms and find targets for pharmacological treatment of some causes of lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Hancock
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott D. Zawieja
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charlie Macaskill
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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96
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Bae DW, Lee JH, Shin JH, Ihn YK, Sung JH. Detection of cerebral aneurysm and intracranial vertebral dissection using non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in emergency setting: Emphasis on magnitude image of susceptibility-weighted image. Interv Neuroradiol 2023; 29:665-673. [PMID: 35642276 PMCID: PMC10680967 DOI: 10.1177/15910199221104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate image features and diagnostic performance of susceptibility-weighted image (SWI) in detection of intracranial vertebral artery dissection (VAD) and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2015 to December 2021, symptomatic patients who underwent 3.0 T MR SWI were recruited. For study group, transfemoral cerebral angiography-proven lesions were included, while 1:1 matched control group with MR angiography were included. Image features of SWI were evaluated. Diagnostic performance and interobserver agreements were calculated for detecting VAD with stenosis and UIA greater than 7 mm. RESULTS Total of 110 patients (mean age: 60.92 years, female: 60/110) were included. In the study group (N = 55), 21 patients (38.2%) had VAD, while 34 patients (61.8%) had UIA. For SWI-detectable VAD, larger parent artery (PA)-dilatation ratio was observed (1.36 vs. 1.84, p = 0.034). For SWI-detectable UIA, larger PA-dome ratio (1.32 vs. 1.90, p = 0.020) and larger PA-height ratio (1.25 vs. 1.77, p = 0.005) were observed. The diagnostic performance and kappa values for VAD with stenosis were as follow: sensitivity: 91.7 (95% CI: 61.5-99.8); specificity: 93.9 (95% CI: 87.2-97.7); к: 0.80. The diagnostic performance for UIA larger than 7 mm were as follow: sensitivity: 87.5 (95% CI: 47.4-99.7); specificity: 95.1 (95% CI: 88.9-98.4); к: 0.73. CONCLUSION SWI-detectable lesions were VAD with larger PA-dilatation ratio, and UIA with larger PA-dome ratio, and PA-height ratio. SWI was able to accurately detect VAD with stenosis and UIA larger than 7 mm with substantial interobserver agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woong Bae
- Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, St Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Heon Lee
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea, St Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea, St Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Kwon Ihn
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea, St Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Catholic University of Korea, The Catholic University of Korea, St Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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97
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Nikmaneshi MR, Baish JW, Zhou H, Padera TP, Munn LL. Transport Barriers Influence the Activation of Anti-Tumor Immunity: A Systems Biology Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304076. [PMID: 37949675 PMCID: PMC10754116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective anti-cancer immune responses require activation of one or more naïve T cells. If the correct naïve T cell encounters its cognate antigen presented by an antigen presenting cell, then the T cell can activate and proliferate. Here, mathematical modeling is used to explore the possibility that immune activation in lymph nodes is a rate-limiting step in anti-cancer immunity and can affect response rates to immune checkpoint therapy. The model provides a mechanistic framework for optimizing cancer immunotherapy and developing testable solutions to unleash anti-tumor immune responses for more patients with cancer. The results show that antigen production rate and trafficking of naïve T cells into the lymph nodes are key parameters and that treatments designed to enhance tumor antigen production can improve immune checkpoint therapies. The model underscores the potential of radiation therapy in augmenting tumor immunogenicity and neoantigen production for improved ICB therapy, while emphasizing the need for careful consideration in cases where antigen levels are already sufficient to avoid compromising the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Nikmaneshi
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - James W. Baish
- Biomedical EngineeringBucknell UniversityLewisburgPA17837USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Timothy P. Padera
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Lance L. Munn
- Department of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
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98
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Liu Y, Qi F, Cai XC. An aneurysm-specific preconditioning technique for the acceleration of Newton-Krylov method with application in the simulation of blood flows. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3771. [PMID: 37688432 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop an algorithm to simulate blood flows in aneurysmal arteries and focus on the construction of robust and efficient multilevel preconditioners to speed up the convergence of both linear and nonlinear solvers. The work is motivated by the observation that in the local aneurysmal region, the flow is often quite complicated with one or more vortices, but in the healthy section of the artery, the principal component of blood flows along the centerline of the artery. Based on this observation, we introduce a novel two-level additive Schwarz method with a mixed-dimensional coarse preconditioner. The key components of the preconditioner include (1) a three-dimensional coarse preconditioner covering the aneurysm; (2) a one-dimensional coarse preconditioner covering the central line of the healthy section of the artery; (3) a collection of three-dimensional overlapping subdomain preconditioners covering the fine meshes of the entire artery; (4) extension/restriction operators constructed by radial basis functions. The blood flow is modeled by the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with resistance outflow boundary conditions discretized by a stabilized finite element method on fully unstructured meshes and the second-order backward differentiation formula in time. The resulting large nonlinear algebraic systems are solved by a Newton-Krylov algorithm accelerated by the new preconditioner in two ways: (1) the initial guess of Newton is obtained by solving a linear system defined by the coarse preconditioner; (2) the Krylov solver of the Jacobian system is preconditioned by the new preconditioner. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed preconditioner is highly effective and robust for complex flows in a patient-specific artery with aneurysm, and it significantly reduces the numbers of linear and nonlinear iterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Liu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Qi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Cai
- Department of Mathematics, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
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99
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Molloi S, Polivka AR, Zhao Y, Redmond J, Itkin M, Antunes I, Yu Z. Dynamic Contrast-enhanced CT Lymphangiography to Quantify Thoracic Duct Lymphatic Flow. Radiology 2023; 309:e230959. [PMID: 38112547 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background CT lymphangiography has been used to image the lymphatic anatomy and assess lymphatic abnormalities. There is, however, a need to develop a method for quantification of lymphatic flow rate in the thoracic duct (TD). Purpose To develop and validate a TD lymphatic flow measurement technique using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT lymphangiography. Materials and Methods Lymphatic flow rate was measured with two techniques: a first-pass analysis technique based on a single compartment model and a thresholding technique distinguishing between opacified and nonopacified voxels within the TD. The measurements were validated in a swine animal model between November 2021 and September 2022. CT images were acquired at 100 kV and 200 mA using a fast-pitched helical scan mode covering the entire TD following contrast material injection into the bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Two helical CT scans, acquired at the base and peak contrast enhancement of the TD, were used to measure lymphatic flow rate. A US flow probe surgically placed around the TD provided the reference standard measurement. CT lymphatic flow measurements were compared with the reference US flow probe measurements using regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Repeatability was determined using repeated flow measurements within approximately 10 minutes of each other. Results Eleven swine (10 male; mean weight, 43.6 kg ± 2.6 [SD]) were evaluated with 71 dynamic CT acquisitions. The lymphatic flow rates measured using the first-pass analysis and thresholding techniques were highly correlated with the reference US flow probe measurements (r = 0.99 and 0.91, respectively) and showed good agreement with the reference standard, with Bland-Altman analysis showing small mean differences of 0.04 and 0.05 mL/min, respectively. The first-pass analysis and thresholding techniques also showed good agreement for repeated flow measurements (r = 0.94 and 0.90, respectively), with small mean differences of 0.09 and 0.03 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion The first-pass analysis and thresholding techniques could be used to accurately and noninvasively quantify TD lymphatic flow using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT lymphangiography. © RSNA, 2023 See also the editorial by Choyke in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabee Molloi
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
| | - Alesh R Polivka
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
| | - Yixiao Zhao
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
| | - Jonas Redmond
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
| | - Maxim Itkin
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
| | - Ines Antunes
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
| | - Zhaoxia Yu
- From the Departments of Radiological Sciences (S.M., A.R.P., Y.Z., I.A.) and Statistics (Z.Y.), University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, B-140, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (J.R.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.I.)
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100
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Gou Z, Zhang H, Nait-Ouhra A, Abbasi M, Farutin A, Misbah C. Dynamics and rheology of vesicles under confined Poiseuille flow. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9101-9114. [PMID: 37990752 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The rheological behavior and dynamics of a vesicle suspension, serving as a simplified model for red blood cells, are explored within a Poiseuille flow under the Stokes limit. Investigating vesicle response has led to the identification of novel solutions that complement previously documented forms like the parachute and slipper shapes. This study has brought to light the existence of alternative configurations, including a fully off-centered form and a multilobe structure. The study unveils the presence of two distinct branches associated with the slipper shape. One branch arises as a consequence of a supercritical bifurcation from the symmetric parachute shape, while the other emerges from a saddle-node bifurcation. Notably, the findings are represented through diagrams that display data collapsing harmoniously based on a combination of independent dimensionless parameters. Delving into the rheological implications, a remarkable observation emerges: the normalized viscosity (i.e. similar to intrinsic viscosity) exhibits a non-monotonic trend as a function of vesicle concentration. Initially, the normalized viscosity diminishes as the concentration increases, followed by a subsequent rise at higher concentrations. Noteworthy is the presence of a minimum value in the normalized viscosity at lower concentrations, aligning well with the concentrations observed in microcirculation scenarios. The intricate behavior of the normalized viscosity can be attributed to a delicate spatial arrangement within the suspension. Importantly, this trend echoes the observations made in a linear shear flow scenario, thereby underscoring the universality of the rheological behavior for confined suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hengdi Zhang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Abdessamad Nait-Ouhra
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
- Laboratoire de Matière Condensée et Sciences Interdisciplinaires, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 1014, Morocco
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Chaouqi Misbah
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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