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Jiang X, Tian W, Tu AB, Pasupneti S, Shuffle E, Dahms P, Zhang P, Cai H, Dinh TT, Liu B, Cain C, Giaccia AJ, Butcher EC, Simon MC, Semenza GL, Nicolls MR. Endothelial Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Is Required for the Maintenance of Airway Microvasculature. Circulation 2019; 139:502-517. [PMID: 30586708 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), especially HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are key mediators of the adaptive response to hypoxic stress and play essential roles in maintaining lung homeostasis. Human and animal genetics studies confirm that abnormal HIF correlates with pulmonary vascular pathology and chronic lung diseases, but it remains unclear whether endothelial cell HIF production is essential for microvascular health. The large airway has an ideal circulatory bed for evaluating histological changes and physiology in genetically modified rodents. METHODS The tracheal microvasculature of mice, with conditionally deleted or overexpressed HIF-1α or HIF-2α, was evaluated for anatomy, perfusion, and permeability. Angiogenic signaling studies assessed vascular changes attributable to dysregulated HIF expression. An orthotopic tracheal transplantation model further evaluated the contribution of individual HIF isoforms in airway endothelial cells. RESULTS The genetic deletion of Hif-2α but not Hif-1α caused tracheal endothelial cell apoptosis, diminished pericyte coverage, reduced vascular perfusion, defective barrier function, overlying epithelial abnormalities, and subepithelial fibrotic remodeling. HIF-2α promoted microvascular integrity in airways through endothelial angiopoietin-1/TIE2 signaling and Notch activity. In functional tracheal transplants, HIF-2α deficiency in airway donors accelerated graft microvascular loss, whereas HIF-2α or angiopoietin-1 overexpression prolonged transplant microvascular perfusion. Augmented endothelial HIF-2α in transplant donors promoted airway microvascular integrity and diminished alloimmune inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the constitutive expression of endothelial HIF-2α is required for airway microvascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Wen Tian
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Allen B Tu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Shravani Pasupneti
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Eric Shuffle
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Petra Dahms
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Patrick Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Haoliang Cai
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (H.C.)
| | - Thanh T Dinh
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Corey Cain
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.C.S.)
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (G.L.S.)
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., C.C., E.C.B., M.R.N.).,School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (X.J., W.T., A.B.T., S.P., E.S., P.D., P.Z., T.T.D., B.L., A.J.G., E.C.B., M.R.N.)
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6
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Tian W, Jiang X, Sung YK, Shuffle E, Wu TH, Kao PN, Tu AB, Dorfmüller P, Cao A, Wang L, Peng G, Kim Y, Zhang P, Chappell J, Pasupneti S, Dahms P, Maguire P, Chaib H, Zamanian R, Peters-Golden M, Snyder MP, Voelkel NF, Humbert M, Rabinovitch M, Nicolls MR. Phenotypically Silent Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 Mutations Predispose Rats to Inflammation-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Enhancing the Risk for Neointimal Transformation. Circulation 2019; 140:1409-1425. [PMID: 31462075 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bmpr2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) mutations are critical risk factors for hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with approximately 20% of carriers developing disease. There is an unmet medical need to understand how environmental factors, such as inflammation, render Bmpr2 mutants susceptible to PAH. Overexpressing 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) provokes lung inflammation and transient PAH in Bmpr2+/- mice. Accordingly, 5-LO and its metabolite, leukotriene B4, are candidates for the second hit. The purpose of this study was to determine how 5-LO-mediated pulmonary inflammation synergized with phenotypically silent Bmpr2 defects to elicit significant pulmonary vascular disease in rats. METHODS Monoallelic Bmpr2 mutant rats were generated and found phenotypically normal for up to 1 year of observation. To evaluate whether a second hit would elicit disease, animals were exposed to 5-LO-expressing adenovirus, monocrotaline, SU5416, SU5416 with chronic hypoxia, or chronic hypoxia alone. Bmpr2-mutant hereditary PAH patient samples were assessed for neointimal 5-LO expression. Pulmonary artery endothelial cells with impaired BMPR2 signaling were exposed to increased 5-LO-mediated inflammation and were assessed for phenotypic and transcriptomic changes. RESULTS Lung inflammation, induced by intratracheal delivery of 5-LO-expressing adenovirus, elicited severe PAH with intimal remodeling in Bmpr2+/- rats but not in their wild-type littermates. Neointimal lesions in the diseased Bmpr2+/- rats gained endogenous 5-LO expression associated with elevated leukotriene B4 biosynthesis. Bmpr2-mutant hereditary PAH patients similarly expressed 5-LO in the neointimal cells. In vitro, BMPR2 deficiency, compounded by 5-LO-mediated inflammation, generated apoptosis-resistant and proliferative pulmonary artery endothelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics. These transformed cells expressed nuclear envelope-localized 5-LO consistent with induced leukotriene B4 production, as well as a transcriptomic signature similar to clinical disease, including upregulated nuclear factor Kappa B subunit (NF-κB), interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. The reversal of PAH and vasculopathy in Bmpr2 mutants by TGF-β antagonism suggests that TGF-β is critical for neointimal transformation. CONCLUSIONS In a new 2-hit model of disease, lung inflammation induced severe PAH pathology in Bmpr2+/- rats. Endothelial transformation required the activation of canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling pathways and was characterized by 5-LO nuclear envelope translocation with enhanced leukotriene B4 production. This study offers an explanation of how an environmental injury unleashes the destructive potential of an otherwise silent genetic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Yon K Sung
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Eric Shuffle
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Peter N Kao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Allen B Tu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.D., M.H.).,Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (P.D., M.H.).,Pathology Department, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, Paris, France (P.D.)
| | - Aiqin Cao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Lingli Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Gongyong Peng
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.).,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China (G.P.)
| | - Yesl Kim
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Patrick Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - James Chappell
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Shravani Pasupneti
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Petra Dahms
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Peter Maguire
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Hassan Chaib
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Roham Zamanian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | | | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.D., M.H.).,Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherche Medicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (P.D., M.H.).,AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Department Hospitalo-Universitaire Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (W.T, X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., A.B.T., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., S.P., P.D., M.R.N.).,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (W.T., X.J., Y.K.S., E.S., T.H.W., P.N.K., A.B.T., A.C., L.W., G.P., Y.K., P.Z., J.C., S.P., P.D., P.M., H.C., R.Z., M.P.S., M.R., M.R.N.)
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