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Ren H, Yang Q, Yong J, Fang X, Yang Z, Liu Z, Jiang X, Miao W, Li X. Mitochondria targeted nanoparticles to generate oxygen and responsive-release of carbon monoxide for enhanced photogas therapy of cancer. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2709-2720. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen generating and photothermally responsive carbon monoxide delivering nanoparticles with a mitochondria-targeting property were developed to enhance a combination of phototherapy and gas therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jiahui Yong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Zhangya Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xing Jiang
- School of Nursing
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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52
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Hou X, Tao Y, Li X, Pang Y, Yang C, Jiang G, Liu Y. CD44-Targeting Oxygen Self-Sufficient Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Against Malignant Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10401-10416. [PMID: 33376328 PMCID: PMC7764953 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new anti-tumor strategy. However, its efficacy is limited by the hypoxic state in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle that encapsulated both IR820 and catalase (CAT) was developed to enhance anti-tumor therapy. Materials and Methods HA-PLGA-CAT-IR820 nanoparticles (HCINPs) were fabricated via a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy, and an ultraviolet spectrophotometer were used to identify and characterize the nanoparticles. The stability of the nanoparticle was investigated by DLS via monitoring the sizes and polydispersity indexes (PDIs) in water, PBS, DMEM, and DMEM+10%FBS. Oxygen generation measurement was carried out via visualizing the oxygen bubbles with ultrasound imaging system and an optical microscope. Inverted fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to measure the uptake and targeting effect of the fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles. The live-dead method and tumor-bearing mouse models were applied to study the HCINP-induced enhanced PDT effect. Results The results showed that the HCINPs could selectively target melanoma cells with high expression of CD44, and generated oxygen by catalyzing H2O2, which increased the amount of singlet oxygen, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth significantly. Conclusion The present study presents a novel nanoplatform for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingkai Tao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Pang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
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Gao X, Wang Q, Cheng C, Lin S, Lin T, Liu C, Han X. The Application of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles in Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6905. [PMID: 33287186 PMCID: PMC7730465 DOI: 10.3390/s20236905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have attracted increasing research interest in immunosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery, and application as therapeutic agents due to their large internal pore volume, tunable size, easy synthesis and surface modification, good thermal stability, and favorable biocompatibility. This review first outlines the effect of tumor markers using PBNPs-based immunosensors which have a sandwich-type architecture and competitive-type structure. Metal ion doped PBNPs which were used as T1-weight magnetic resonance and photoacoustic imaging agents to improve image quality and surface modified PBNPs which were used as drug carriers to decrease side effects via passive or active targeting to tumor sites are also summarized. Moreover, the PBNPs with high photothermal efficiency and excellent catalase-like activity were promising for photothermal therapy and O2 self-supplied photodynamic therapy of tumors. Hence, PBNPs-based multimodal imaging-guided combinational tumor therapies (such as chemo, photothermal, and photodynamic therapies) were finally reviewed. This review aims to inspire broad interest in the rational design and application of PBNPs for detecting and treating tumors in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cui Cheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.G.); (Q.W.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (C.L.); (X.H.)
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Chen J, Zhu Y, Wu C, Shi J. Nanoplatform-based cascade engineering for cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:9057-9094. [PMID: 33112326 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00607f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various therapeutic techniques have been studied for treating cancer precisely and effectively, such as targeted drug delivery, phototherapy, tumor-specific catalytic therapy, and synergistic therapy, which, however, evoke numerous challenges due to the inherent limitations of these therapeutic modalities and intricate biological circumstances as well. With the remarkable advances of nanotechnology, nanoplatform-based cascade engineering, as an efficient and booming strategy, has been tactfully introduced to optimize these cancer therapies. Based on the designed nanoplatforms, pre-supposed cascade processes could be triggered under specific conditions to generate/deliver more therapeutic species or produce stronger tumoricidal effects inside tumors, aiming to achieve cancer therapy with increased anti-tumor efficacy and diminished side effects. In this review, the recent advances in nanoplatform-based cascade engineering for cancer therapy are summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on the design of smart nanoplatforms with unique structures, compositions and properties, and the implementation of specific cascade processes by means of endogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) resources and/or exogenous energy inputs. This fascinating strategy presents unprecedented potential in the enhancement of cancer therapies, and offers better controllability, specificity and effectiveness of therapeutic functions compared to the corresponding single components/functions. In the end, challenges and prospects of such a burgeoning strategy in the field of cancer therapy will be discussed, hopefully to facilitate its further development to meet the personalized treatment demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
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Liang X, Chen M, Bhattarai P, Hameed S, Dai Z. Perfluorocarbon@Porphyrin Nanoparticles for Tumor Hypoxia Relief to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy against Liver Metastasis of Colon Cancer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13569-13583. [PMID: 32915537 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows great promise for the treatment of colon cancer. However, practically, it is a great challenge to use a nanocarrier for the codelivery of both the photosensitizer and oxygen to improve PDT against PDT-induced hypoxia, which is closely related to tumor metastasis. Hence, an effective strategy was proposed to develop an oxygen self-supplemented PDT nanocarrier based on the ultrasonic dispersion of perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) liquid into the preformed porphyrin grafted lipid (PGL) nanoparticles (NPs) with high porphyrin loading content of 38.5%, followed by entrapping oxygen. Interestingly, the orderly arranging mode of porphyrins and alkyl chains in PGL NPs not only guarantees a high efficacy of singlet oxygen generation but also reduces fluorescence loss of porphyrins to enable PGL NPs to be highly fluorescent. More importantly, PFOB liquid was stabilized inside PGL NPs with an ultrahigh loading content of 98.15% due to the strong hydrophobic interaction between PGL and PFOB molecules, facilitating efficient oxygen delivery. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the obtained O2@PFOB@PGL NPs could act as a prominent oxygen reservoir and effectively replenish oxygen into the hypoxic tumors with no need for external stimulation, conducive to augmented singlet oxygen generation, hypoxia relief, and subsequent downregulation of COX-2 expression. As a result, the use of O2@PFOB@PGL NPs for hypoxia relief dramatically inhibits tumor growth and liver metastasis in an HT-29 colon cancer mouse model. In addition, the O2@PFOB@PGL NPs could serve as a bimodal contrast agent to enhance fluorescence and CT imaging, visualizing nanoparticle accumulation to guide the subsequent laser irradiation for precise PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pravin Bhattarai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sadaf Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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56
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Wang X, Cheng L. Multifunctional Prussian blue-based nanomaterials: Preparation, modification, and theranostic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gao Y, Yu G, Xing K, Gorin D, Kotelevtsev Y, Tong W, Mao Z. Finely tuned Prussian blue-based nanoparticles and their application in disease treatment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7121-7134. [PMID: 32648878 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Prussian blue (PB) based nanostructure is a mixed-valence coordination network with excellent biosafety, remarkable photothermal effect and multiple enzyme-mimicking behaviours. Compared with other nanomaterials, PB-based nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit several unparalleled advantages in biomedical applications. This review begins with the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of PB-based NPs. The tuning strategies of PB-based NPs and their biomedical properties are systemically demonstrated. Afterwards, the biomedical applications of PB-based NPs are comprehensively recounted, mainly focusing on treatment of tumors, bacterial infection and inflammatory diseases. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of PB-based NPs and their application in disease treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kuoran Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- Functional Genomics and RNAi Therapy CREI, Skolkovo Institute for Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo Moscow region, 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Weijun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Li D, Bao A, Chen X, Li S, Wang T, Zhang L, Ji J, Li Q, Wang C, Gao Y, Yang Y, Dong X. Prussian Blue@Polyacrylic Acid/Au Aggregate Janus Nanoparticles for CT Imaging‐guided Chemotherapy and Enhanced Photothermal Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Aomin Bao
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Hebei University of Technology Xiping Road No. 5340, Beichen District Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Ji
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Chungang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Gao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 88, Keling Road, Suzhou New District Jiangsu 215163 P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiangting Dong
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
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Zou MZ, Liu WL, Chen HS, Bai XF, Gao F, Ye JJ, Cheng H, Zhang XZ. Advances in nanomaterials for treatment of hypoxic tumor. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa160. [PMID: 34691571 PMCID: PMC8288333 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment is characterized by disordered vasculature and rapid proliferation of tumors, resulting from tumor invasion, progression and metastasis. The hypoxic conditions restrict efficiency of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy and immunotherapy, leading to serious results of tumor recurrence and high mortality. Recently, research has concentrated on developing functional nanomaterials to treat hypoxic tumors. In this review, we categorize such nanomaterials into (i) nanomaterials that elevate oxygen levels in tumors for enhanced oxygen-dependent tumor therapy and (ii) nanomaterials with diminished oxygen dependence for hypoxic tumor therapy. To elevate oxygen levels in tumors, oxygen-carrying nanomaterials, oxygen-generating nanomaterials and oxygen-economizing nanomaterials can be used. To diminish oxygen dependence of nanomaterials for hypoxic tumor therapy, therapeutic gas-generating nanomaterials and radical-generating nanomaterials can be used. The biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of these nanomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Zou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Han-Shi Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fan Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing-Jie Ye
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Han Cheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wang Q, Hong G, Liu Y, Hao J, Liu S. Dual enzyme-like activity of iridium nanoparticles and their applications for the detection of glucose and glutathione. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25209-25213. [PMID: 35517456 PMCID: PMC9055236 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05342b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that iridium nanoparticles (Ir NPs) functionally mimic peroxidase and catalase. The possible mechanism of intrinsic dual-enzyme mimetic activity of Ir NPs was investigated. Based on the excellent peroxidase-like activity of Ir NPs, a new colorimetric detection method for reduced glutathione (GSH) and glucose was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China +86 451 86403483 +86 451 86403493
| | - Guanghui Hong
- Center of Analysis Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China +86 451 86403483 +86 451 86403493
| | - Jia Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China +86 451 86403483 +86 451 86403493
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China +86 451 86403483 +86 451 86403493
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Wang J, Sun J, Hu W, Wang Y, Chou T, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Ren L, Wang H. A Porous Au@Rh Bimetallic Core-Shell Nanostructure as an H 2 O 2 -Driven Oxygenerator to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for Simultaneous Bimodal Imaging and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001862. [PMID: 32329171 PMCID: PMC7386557 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In treatment of hypoxic tumors, oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considerably limited. Herein, a new bimetallic and biphasic Rh-based core-shell nanosystem (Au@Rh-ICG-CM) is developed to address tumor hypoxia while achieving high PDT efficacy. Such porous Au@Rh core-shell nanostructures are expected to exhibit catalase-like activity to efficiently catalyze oxygen generation from endogenous hydrogen peroxide in tumors. Coating Au@Rh nanostructures with tumor cell membrane (CM) enables tumor targeting via homologous binding. As a result of the large pores of Rh shells and the trapping ability of CM, the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) is successfully loaded and retained in the cavity of Au@Rh-CM. Au@Rh-ICG-CM shows good biocompatibility, high tumor accumulation, and superior fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging properties. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that Au@Rh-ICG-CM is able to effectively convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and then elevate the production of tumor-toxic singlet oxygen to significantly enhance PDT. As noted, the mild photothermal effect of Au@Rh-ICG-CM also improves PDT efficacy. By integrating the superiorities of hypoxia regulation function, tumor accumulation capacity, bimodal imaging, and moderate photothermal effect into a single nanosystem, Au@Rh-ICG-CM can readily serve as a promising nanoplatform for enhanced cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Tsengming Chou
- Laboratory for Multiscale Imaging, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Beilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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Busquets MA, Estelrich J. Prussian blue nanoparticles: synthesis, surface modification, and biomedical applications. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1431-1443. [PMID: 32492486 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are a nanomaterial that presents unique properties and an excellent biocompatibility. They can be synthesized in mild conditions and can be derivatized with polymers and/or biomolecules. PBNPs are used in biomedicine as therapy and diagnostic agents. In biomedical imaging, PBNPs constitute contrast agents in photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They are a good adsorbent to be used as antidotes for poisoning with cesium and/or thallium ions. Moreover, the ability to convert energy into heat makes them useful photothermal agents (PAs) in photothermal therapy (PTT) or as nonantibiotic substances with antibacterial properties. Finally, PBNPs can be both reduced to Prussian white and oxidized to Prussian green. A large window of redox potential exists between reduction and oxidation, which result in the enzyme-like characteristics of these NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antònia Busquets
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, IN2UB, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Estelrich
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, IN2UB, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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63
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Tang C, Song C, Wei Z, Liang C, Ran J, Cai Y, Dong X, Han W. Polycyclic naphthalenediimide-based nanoparticles for NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided phototherapy. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Huang B, Chen S, Pei W, Xu Y, Jiang Z, Niu C, Wang L. Oxygen-Sufficient Nanoplatform for Chemo-Sonodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumors. Front Chem 2020; 8:358. [PMID: 32411675 PMCID: PMC7199163 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of hypoxia is an essential factor for enhancing the effects of antitumor therapies, especially sonodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. To improve the efficacy of combination therapy by reversing the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, we developed shell-core structured PPID-NPs, which were designed with a polymer shell onto the sonosensitizer and a chemotherapeutic drug were loaded and a perfluorocarbon core loaded with oxygen. The perfluorocarbon core provides sufficient oxygen not only for causing the sonosensitizer to produce more singlet oxygen to induce cell apoptosis but also for reducing drug resistance to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the release of chemotherapeutic drugs at the tumor site can be controlled. Thus, PPID-NPs can efficiently inhibit the growth of breast cancer by synergistic therapy under ultrasound exposure. We believe that our oxygen-sufficient nanoplatform could be an ideal therapeutic system for hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Pei
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang X, Tian Y, Liao X, Tang Y, Ni Q, Sun J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Teng Z, Lu G. Enhancing selective photosensitizer accumulation and oxygen supply for high-efficacy photodynamic therapy toward glioma by 5-aminolevulinic acid loaded nanoplatform. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:483-493. [PMID: 31982715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complex biology of glioma compromises therapeutic efficacy and results in poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising modality for localized tumor ablation with limited damage to healthy brain tissues. However, low photosensitizer concentration and hypoxic microenvironment in glioma tissue hamper the practical applications of PDT. To address the challenges, biocompatible periodic mesoporous organosilica coated Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB@PMOs) are constructed to load a biosafe prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which is pronouncedly converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in malignant cells. PB@PMO-5-ALA induces a higher accumulation of PpIX in glioma cells compared to free 5-ALA. Meanwhile, the PB@PMOs, with a mean edge length of 81 nm and good biocompatibility, effectively decompose hydrogen peroxide to oxygen in a temperature-responsive manner. Oxygen supply further contributes to the promotion of 5-ALA-PDT. Thus, the photodynamic effect of PB@PMO-5-ALA is significantly improved, imposing augmented cytotoxicity to glioma U87MG cells. Furthermore, ex vivo fluorescence imaging elucidates the tumor PpIX increases by 75% in PB@PMO-5-ALA treated mice than that in 5-ALA treated ones post 12 h injection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and iron staining strongly demonstrate the accumulation of PB@PMO-5-ALA in glioma tissues with negative contrast enhancement and blue staining deposits, respectively. The nanoparticle accumulation and high PpIX level collaboratively enhance PDT efficacy through PB@PMO-5-ALA, which efficiently suppresses tumor growth, providing a promising option with safety for local glioma ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuxia Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Chen H, Ma A, Yin T, Chen Z, Liang R, Pan H, Shen X, Zheng M, Cai L. In Situ Photocatalysis of TiO-Porphyrin-Encapsulated Nanosystem for Highly Efficient Oxidative Damage against Hypoxic Tumors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12573-12583. [PMID: 32119518 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell apoptosis has been a significant strategy for tumor oxidative damage, while tumor hypoxia is a major bottleneck for efficiency. Here, a novel TiO-porphyrin nanosystem (FA-TiOPs) is designed by encapsulating TiO-porphyrin (TiOP) in folate-liposome. The nanosysytem can photocatalyze H2O and tumor-overexpressed H2O2, in situ generating sufficient ROS. TiOP can photosplit water to produce ·OH radical, H2O2, and O2. Generated O2 not only conquers the hypoxia of tumor environment but also can be further excited by TiOP to 1O2 for killing tumor cells. Density functional theory calculations indicate that high energy in excited state (S1) of TiOP and narrow gap energy between S1 and the triplet excited state (Tn) might contribute to the efficient photocatalytic action. Moreover, the generated and overexpressed H2O2 in tumors can also be photocatalyzed to generate 1O2 especially in acid condition, helpful to specific anticancer effect while harmless to normal tissues. This research might pave a new way to bypass the hypoxia-triggered problem for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Aiqing Ma
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Ting Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xin Shen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519000, PR China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519000, PR China
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Guimarães RS, Rodrigues CF, Moreira AF, Correia IJ. Overview of stimuli-responsive mesoporous organosilica nanocarriers for drug delivery. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104742. [PMID: 32151682 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials is regarded nowadays as a highly promising approach for overcoming the limitations of the currently available cancer treatments, contributing for the creation of more effective, precise, and safer therapies. In the last years, organosilica nanoparticles arisen as alternatives to the most common mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The organosilica nanoparticles combine the advantages of the mesoporous silica, such as structural stability and mesoporous structure, with the increased biocompatibility and biodegradability of organic materials. Therefore, the variety of organic bridges that can be incorporated into the silica matrix allowed the development of new and exciting compositions, properties, and functions for improving the therapeutic effectiveness of the anticancer nanomedicines. In this review, the strategies that have been explored to create stimuli-responsive organosilica-based drug delivery systems are highlighted, describing the practical approaches and mechanisms controlling the drug release. Additionally, the organosilica nanoparticles surface modifications aimed for increasing the blood circulation time and the tumor targeting are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S Guimarães
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carolina F Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André F Moreira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; CIEPQF - Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
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68
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Hu D, Pan M, Yu Y, Sun A, Shi K, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology for enhancing photodynamic therapy via ameliorating, neglecting, or exploiting tumor hypoxia. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DanRong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - ZhiYong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
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69
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Xu P, Wang X, Li T, Wu H, Li L, Chen Z, Zhang L, Guo Z, Chen Q. Biomineralization-inspired nanozyme for single-wavelength laser activated photothermal-photodynamic synergistic treatment against hypoxic tumors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4051-4060. [PMID: 32022048 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, one of the features of most solid tumors, can severely impede the efficiency of oxygen-dependent treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and type-II photodynamic therapy. Herein, a catalase-like nanozyme RuO2@BSA (RB) was first prepared through a biomineralization strategy, and a high efficiency near-infrared photosensitizer (IR-808-Br2) was further loaded into the protein shell to generate the safe and versatile RuO2@BSA@IR-808-Br2 (RBIR) for the imaging-guided enhanced phototherapy against hypoxic tumors. RB not only acts like a catalase, but also serves as a photothermal agent that speeds up the oxygen supply under near-infrared irradiation (808 nm). The loaded NIR photosensitizer could immediately convert molecular oxygen (O2) to cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) upon the same laser irradiation. Results indicated that RBIR achieved enhanced therapeutic outcomes with negligible side effects. Features such as a simple synthetic route and imaging-guided and single-wavelength-excited phototherapy make the nanozyme a promising agent for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengping Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Xueying Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Tuanwei Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Huihui Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Qianwang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Materials Science & Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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70
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Shou P, Yu Z, Wu Y, Feng Q, Zhou B, Xing J, Liu C, Tu J, Akakuru OU, Ye Z, Zhang X, Lu Z, Zhang L, Wu A. Zn 2+ Doped Ultrasmall Prussian Blue Nanotheranostic Agent for Breast Cancer Photothermal Therapy under MR Imaging Guidance. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900948. [PMID: 31746549 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoprobes are widely studied and applied in tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to their low toxicity and excellent in vivo performance. However, the sizes of hitherto reported Prussian blue nanoprobes are generally larger than 50 nm, which greatly influence cell phagocytosis, in vivo circulation, and biodistribution. In this work, a novel method of doping zinc ions is used to control the size of Prussian blue nanoprobes. Consequently, the performances of the nanoprobes in PTT and MRI are both significantly improved. The results show that the minimum size of Prussian blue nanoprobes achieved by doping 10% zinc ions (abbreviated as SPBZn(10%)) is 3.8 ± 0.90 nm, and the maximum specific absorption coefficient, photothermal conversion efficiency, and longitudinal relaxation rates are 1.78 L g-1 cm-1 , 47.33%, and 18.40 mm-1 s-1 , respectively. In addition, the SPBZn(10%) nanoprobes provide excellent PTT efficacy on 4T1 tumor cells (killing rate: 90.3%) and breast cancer model (tumor inhibition rate: 69.4%). Toxicological experiment results show that the SPBZn(n%) nanoprobes exhibit no obvious in vitro cytotoxicity and they can be used safely in mice at doses below 100 mg kg-1 . Therefore, SPBZn(10%) nanoprobes can potentially be used for effective cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Shou
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Zhangsen Yu
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Yiting Wu
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Bangyi Zhou
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Jie Xing
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Jinqing Tu
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiu Ye
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Zhenbo Lu
- Nano Biomedicine GroupScience Research Center of Medical SchoolSchool of MedicineShaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Luyun Zhang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
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71
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Wang H, Li J, Wang Y, Gong X, Xu X, Wang J, Li Y, Sha X, Zhang Z. Nanoparticles-mediated reoxygenation strategy relieves tumor hypoxia for enhanced cancer therapy. J Control Release 2019; 319:25-45. [PMID: 31862359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a characteristic hallmark of malignant solid tumors, which remains an essential impediment to many current treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy, thereby leading to poor clinical prognosis after therapy. Rationally, modulating tumor hypoxia can be of great interest to augment the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments. In this review, we focus our discussion on current advances in nanoparticles-mediated tumor reoxygenation strategy for relieving tumor hypoxia to improve the therapeutic efficacy of versatile therapies. These nanoparticles can improve tumor oxygen levels via nanoparticles-mediated oxygen-carrying or oxygen-generating tactics to synergize the effectiveness of many current therapeutic modalities. Based on these considerable summaries and analyses, we propose some feasible perspectives on nanoparticles-based tumor reoxygenations to ameliorate the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Shandong 264000, China.
| | - Xianyi Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China.
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Larue L, Myrzakhmetov B, Ben-Mihoub A, Moussaron A, Thomas N, Arnoux P, Baros F, Vanderesse R, Acherar S, Frochot C. Fighting Hypoxia to Improve PDT. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E163. [PMID: 31671658 PMCID: PMC6958374 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn great interest in recent years mainly due to its low side effects and few drug resistances. Nevertheless, one of the issues of PDT is the need for oxygen to induce a photodynamic effect. Tumours often have low oxygen concentrations, related to the abnormal structure of the microvessels leading to an ineffective blood distribution. Moreover, PDT consumes O2. In order to improve the oxygenation of tumour or decrease hypoxia, different strategies are developed and are described in this review: 1) The use of O2 vehicle; 2) the modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME); 3) combining other therapies with PDT; 4) hypoxia-independent PDT; 5) hypoxia-dependent PDT and 6) fractional PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Larue
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Amina Ben-Mihoub
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Albert Moussaron
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Biologie, Signaux et Systèmes en Cancérologie et Neurosciences, CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Francis Baros
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
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73
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Zhong S, Chen C, Yang G, Zhu Y, Cao H, Xu B, Luo Y, Gao Y, Zhang W. Acid-Triggered Nanoexpansion Polymeric Micelles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33697-33705. [PMID: 31487149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a noninvasive and selective treatment technology has presented great potential in cancer prevention and precision medicine, but its therapeutic efficacy is still greatly inhibited by the limitations of photosensitizers (PSs) in the microenvironment such as the aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) of PSs. Herein, we proposed an "acid-triggered nanoexpansion" method to further reduce the aggregation of photosensitizers by constructing acetal-based polymeric micelles. A pH-responsive amphiphilic block copolymer, POEGMA-b-[PTTMA-co-PTPPC6MA] was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and self-assembled into spherical micelles. In the normal physiological environment, the micelles were stable and had good biocompatibility. Upon entry into the acidic microenvironment of the tumor, the acid-responsive hydrophobic 2, 4, 6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde in the micelles hydrolyzed and generated a hydrophilic diol moiety. Although the hydrophility of the micellar core was increased, the assembled structure of block copolymers was not dissociated but expanded. The responsive expansion of the micelles could allow the photosensitizers to well-disperse in the core, whereas more tumor-dissolved oxygen entered the micelles. This phenomenon could provide a better nanoenvironment for photosensitizers to reduce the ACQ of the photosensitizers, leading to more singlet oxygen (1O2) produced under the laser irradiation (650 nm). Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the remarkable photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of acid-responsive micelles could be realized. Thus, the acid-triggered nanoexpansion method might provide more possibilities to develop efficient platforms for treating cancers.
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Zheng T, Zhou T, Feng X, Shen J, Zhang M, Sun Y. Enhanced Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer (PIRET)-Mediated Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy Guided by Photoacoustic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31615-31626. [PMID: 31359757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapy, has attracted extensive attention due to its noninvasive nature, low toxicity, and high anticancer efficiency. The charge-separation mechanism of plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) has been increasingly employed to design nanotheranotic agents. Herein, we developed a novel and smart PIRET-mediated nanoplatform for enhanced, imaging-guided phototherapy. Prussian blue (PB) was incorporated into a Au@Cu2O nanostructure, which was then assembled with poly(allylamine) (PAH)-modified black phosphorus quantum dots (Au@PB@Cu2O@BPQDs/PAH nanocomposites). The hybrid nanosystem exhibited great absorption in the near-infrared region, as well as the ability to self-supply O2 by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide and convert O2 into singlet oxygen (1O2) under 650 nm laser light (0.5 W/cm2) irradiation. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that the generated heat and toxic 1O2 from Au@PB@Cu2O@BPQDs/PAH nanocomposites could effectively kill the cancer cells and suppress tumor growth. Moreover, the unique properties of the PB-modified nanosystem allowed for synergistic therapy with the aid of T1-weighed magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging) and photoacoustic imaging. This study presented a suitable way to fabricate smart PIRET-based nanosystems with enhanced photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy efficacy and dual-modality imaging functionality. The great biocompatibility and low toxicity ensured their high potential for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Tongchang Zhou
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Xiaotong Feng
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby DK-2800 , Denmark
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75
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Hu JJ, Chen Y, Li ZH, Peng SY, Sun Y, Zhang XZ. Augment of Oxidative Damage with Enhanced Photodynamic Process and MTH1 Inhibition for Tumor Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5568-5576. [PMID: 31262183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells adapt to reactive oxygen species (ROS) attacking by launching DNA damage repairing mechanisms such as nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme mutt homologue 1 (MTH1) to mitigate the oxidatively induced DNA lesions, which could greatly limit the therapeutic efficiency of current oxidation therapy. Here, an amplified oxidative damage strategy for tumor therapy was proposed that was focused not only on the enhancement of ROS generation but also the inhibition of subsequent MTH1 enzyme activity simultaneously. In our formulation, mesoporous silica-coated Prussian blue nanoplatforms (PB@MSN) with excellent catalase-like activity and drug loading capability were employed to encapsulate MTH1 inhibitor TH287, followed by the modification of tetraphenylporphrin zinc (Zn-Por) via metallo-supramolecular coordination (PMPT), where Zn-Por behaved as photodynamic and fluorescence imaging agents, as well as acid-responsive gatekeepers. The intelligent PMPT nanosystems could induce the decomposition of H2O2 to relieve the hypoxic tumor environment, thus elevating the generation of singlet oxygen for improved oxidative damage. In the meantime, controllable-released TH287 from pores could hinder MTH1-mediated damage repairing process and aggravate oxidative damage, thereby resulting in cellular toxicity as well as tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Si-Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
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Li L, Zhang P, Li Z, Li D, Han B, Tu L, Li B, Wang Y, Ren L, Yang P, Ke S, Ye S, Shi W. CuS/Prussian blue core-shell nanohybrid as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:325501. [PMID: 30947158 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihuang Li
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Ding B, Shao S, Xiao H, Sun C, Cai X, Jiang F, Zhao X, Ma P, Lin J. MnFe 2O 4-decorated large-pore mesoporous silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles for near-infrared light-induced and O 2 self-sufficient photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14654-14667. [PMID: 31355836 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The limited light penetration depth and tumor hypoxia are two natural shortcomings of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Overcoming these two issues within a single system is still a great challenge. Herein, photosensitizer (PS)-loaded and PEG-modified MnFe2O4-decorated large-pore mesoporous silica-coated β-NaYF4:20%Yb,2%Er@β-NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCMnFe-PS-PEG) as excellent PDT agents are successfully prepared for NIR light-mediated and O2 self-sufficient PDT. The large mesoporous structure observably increases PS loading efficiency (11.33 wt%) and the green luminescence from upconversion nanoparticles activated by NIR is able to activate PSs to generate ROS effectively. In addition, sub-10 nm MnFe2O4 nanoparticles work as a Fenton catalyst to generate O2in situ. In vivo experiments further prove that UCMnFe-PS-PEG not only provides magnetic guidance to the tumor, but also overcomes tumor hypoxia and dramatically enhances PDT efficiency. Furthermore, in vivo MR and UCL imaging are performed for accurate cancer therapy. We believe that the successful construction of the multifunctional UCMnFe-PS-PEG provides more revelations for developing advanced nano-drug systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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78
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Zhang J, Xu M, Mu Y, Li J, Foda MF, Zhang W, Han K, Han H. Reasonably retard O 2 consumption through a photoactivity conversion nanocomposite for oxygenated photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119312. [PMID: 31299456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) brings excellent treatment outcome while also causing poor tumor microenvironment and prognosis due to the uncontrolled oxygen consumption. To solve this issue, a novel PDT strategy, oxygenated PDT (maintain the tumor oxygenation before and after PDT) was carried out by a tumor and apoptosis responsive photoactivity conversion nanocomposite (MPPa-DP). Under physiological conditions, this nanocomposite has a low photoactivity. While at H2O2-rich tumor microenvironment, the nanocomposite could react with overexpressed H2O2 to produce O2 and release high photoactivity chimeric peptide PPa-DP for oxygenated tumor and PDT. Importantly, when the PDT mediates cell apoptosis, the photoactivity of PPa-DP be effectively quenched and the O2 consumption appeared retard, which avoided further consumption of residual O2 on apoptotic cells. In vitro and vivo studies revealed that this nanocomposite could efficiently change photoactivity, reasonable control O2 consumption and increase residual O2 content of tumor after PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mengqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yongli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jinjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Mohamed F Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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79
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Hu R, Fang Y, Huo M, Yao H, Wang C, Chen Y, Wu R. Ultrasmall Cu2-xS nanodots as photothermal-enhanced Fenton nanocatalysts for synergistic tumor therapy at NIR-II biowindow. Biomaterials 2019; 206:101-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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80
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Fu LH, Qi C, Hu YR, Lin J, Huang P. Glucose Oxidase-Instructed Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808325. [PMID: 30907460 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 3 years, glucose oxidase (GOx) has aroused great research interest in the context of cancer treatment due to its inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and its unique catalytic properties against β-d-glucose. GOx can effectively catalyze the oxidation of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This process depletes oxygen levels, resulting in elevated acidity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment. All of these changes can be readily harnessed to develop a multimodal synergistic cancer therapy by combining GOx with other therapeutic approaches. Herein, the representative studies of GOx-instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are introduced, and their synergistic mechanisms are discussed systematically. The current challenges and future prospects to advance the development of GOx-based nanomedicines in this cutting-edge research area are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Hua Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yan-Ru Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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81
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Lan S, Lin Z, Zhang D, Zeng Y, Liu X. Photocatalysis Enhancement for Programmable Killing of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Self-Compensation Mechanisms Based on Black Phosphorus Quantum-Dot-Hybridized Nanocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9804-9813. [PMID: 30773883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently reported black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) possess unique photocatalysis activities. However, the environmental instability accompanied by a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) seriously hindered the bioapplications of BPQDs, especially in oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we construct a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific targeting aptamer "TLS11a"-decorated BPQDs-hybridized nanocatalyst, which can specifically target HCC tumor cells and self-compensate oxygen (O2) into hypoxic TME for enhancing PDT efficiency. The BPQD-hybridized mesoporous silica framework (BMSF) with in situ synthesized Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) in the BMSF is simply prepared. After being decorated by TLS11a aptamer/Mal-PEG-NHS, the resultant nanosystem (refer as Apt-BMSF@Pt) exhibits excellent environmental stability, active targeting ability to HCC cells, and self-compensation ability of oxygen. Compared with the PEG-BMSF@Pt without H2O2 incubation, the PEG-BMSF@Pt nanocatalyst exhibits 4.2-folds O2 and 1.6-folds 1O2 generation ability in a mimetic closed-system in the presence of both H2O2 and near-infrared laser. In a mouse model, the Apt-BMSF@Pt can effectively accumulate into tumor sites, and the core of BMSF subsequently can act as a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species, while the PtNPs can serve as a catalyst to convert H2O2 into O2 for enhancing PDT through self-compensation mechanisms in hypoxic TME. By comparison of the tumor volume/weight, H&E, and immunohistochemical analysis, the excellent antitumor effects with minimized side effects of our Apt-BMSF@Pt could be demonstrated in vivo. Taken together, the current study suggests that our Apt-BMSF@Pt could act as an active targeting nanocatalyst for programmable killing of cancer cells in hypoxic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyou Lan
- Liver Disease Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350005 , P. R. China
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Ziguo Lin
- Liver Disease Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350005 , P. R. China
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Da Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Liver Disease Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350005 , P. R. China
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province , Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116 , P. R. China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350025 , P. R. China
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82
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Yang Z, Wen J, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Wang X, Cao X, Zhang Y, Lu G, Teng Z, Zhang L. Sensitive, Real-Time, and In-Vivo Oxygen Monitoring for Photodynamic Therapy by Multifunctional Mesoporous Nanosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:187-194. [PMID: 30525413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of oxygen consumption is beneficial to predict treatment responses and optimize therapeutic protocols for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, we first demonstrate that deformable hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) can be used to load [(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2 for detecting oxygen (denoted as HMON-[(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2). This nanoprobe shows significantly improved biocompatibility and high cellular uptake. In-vitro experiments demonstrate that the HMON-[(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2 can sensitively detect oxygen changes between 1% and 20%. On this basis, photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and [(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2 are simultaneously loaded in the HMONs (denoted as HMON-Ce6-[(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2) for real-time oxygen monitoring during photodynamic therapy. The HMON-Ce6-[(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2 can reflects oxygen consumption in solution and cells in photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the ability of the HMON-Ce6-[(Ru(dpp)3)]Cl2 nanosensor to monitor oxygen changes is demonstrated in tumor-bearing nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Urology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430030 Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Department of Medical Imaging of Southeast Hospital , Medical College of Xiamen University , Zhangzhou 363000 , Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Xiongfeng Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , 212000 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P.R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210002 Jiangsu , P. R. China
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83
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Zhang Q, Huang W, Yang C, Wang F, Song C, Gao Y, Qiu Y, Yan M, Yang B, Guo C. The theranostic nanoagent Mo2C for multi-modal imaging-guided cancer synergistic phototherapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2729-2739. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mo2C is an excellent photoactive material that can trigger hyperthermia and ROS generation, thus contributing to synergistic photothermal/photodynamic outcomes. Moreover, Mo2C is a potential photoacoustic and CT contrast agent.
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84
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Wang D, Shi R, Zhou J, Shi S, Wu H, Xu P, Wang H, Xia G, Barnhart TE, Cai W, Guo Z, Chen Q. Photo-Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Generation of Prussian Blue-Based Nanocatalyst for Augmented Photodynamic Therapy. iScience 2018; 9:14-26. [PMID: 30368078 PMCID: PMC6203243 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) remain largely limited because of tumor hypoxia. Herein, we report safe and versatile nanocatalysts (NCs) for endogenous oxygen generation and imaging-guided enhanced PDT. The NCs (named as PSP) are prepared by coating Prussian blue (PB) with mesoporous silica to load photosensitizer (zinc phthalocyanine, ZnPc), followed by the modification of polyethylene glycol chains. The inner PB not only acts like a catalase for hydrogen peroxide decomposition but also serves as a photothermal agent to increase the local temperature and then speed up the oxygen supply under near-infrared irradiation. The loaded ZnPc can immediately transform the formed oxygen to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen upon the same laser irradiation due to the overlapped absorption between PB and ZnPc. Results indicate that the PSP-ZnPc (PSPZP) NCs could realize the photothermally controlled improvement of hypoxic condition in cancer cells and tumor tissues, therefore demonstrating enhanced cancer therapy by the incorporation of PDT and photothermal therapy. All compositions have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration PSP-89Zr serves as a dual-modal PET and PAI imaging agent PSP shows catalase-like activity toward H2O2 decomposition under tumor-microenvironment Photo-enhanced endogenous O2 generation of PSPZP for augmented photodynamic therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Ruohong Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Huihui Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Pengping Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Guoliang Xia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Zhen Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Qianwang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; The Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
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85
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Guan Q, Li YA, Li WY, Dong YB. Photodynamic Therapy Based on Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks: From Material Design to Cancer Nanotherapeutics. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3122-3149. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yan-An Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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Hu D, Chen Z, Sheng Z, Gao D, Yan F, Ma T, Zheng H, Hong M. A catalase-loaded hierarchical zeolite as an implantable nanocapsule for ultrasound-guided oxygen self-sufficient photodynamic therapy against pancreatic cancer. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17283-17292. [PMID: 30198041 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative strategy for treating pancreatic cancer (PC) in clinics. However, the therapeutic efficacy is generally suppressed by inadequate oxygen supply in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Herein, hierarchical zeolite nanocarriers with hydrophilic mesoporous nanostructures and excellent biodegradability are synthesized via a one-pot wet chemical method. By co-loading with catalase and methylene blue (MB), a new type of oxygen self-sufficient PDT platform, a zeolite-catalase-MB nanocapsule (ZCM nanocapsule), is developed. After precision implantation of the ZCM nanocapsule into the tumor area under the real-time ultrasound (US) imaging guidance, the nanocapsule with 90% relative activity of equivalent free catalase enzyme efficiently modulates the tumor hypoxia and enhances the intratumoral US contrast by sustained decomposition of endogenous H2O2 and in situ production of O2 gas bubbles. Meanwhile, the MB loading in hierarchical zeolite matrices prevents the rapid leaching of the photosensitizer in tumor tissue, achieving a good sustained photosensitizer release effect. Based on the synchronous mechanisms, upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the local PC cells are completely killed, and no therapy-induced toxicity and recurrence are observed. This highly biocompatible and biodegradable hierarchical nanozeolite would further facilitate the development of catalase-based catalytic nanomedicine for enhancing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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87
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Gautam M, Poudel K, Yong CS, Kim JO. Prussian blue nanoparticles: Synthesis, surface modification, and application in cancer treatment. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:31-49. [PMID: 30053487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines recently developed Prussian blue nanoparticle (PB NPs)-based multimodal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment in order to provide insight into the future of the field. The primary limitation of existing therapeutics is the lack of selectivity in drug delivery: they target healthy and cancerous cells alike. In this paper, we provide a thorough review of diverse synthetic and surface engineering techniques for PB NP fabrication. We have elucidated the various targeting approaches employed to deliver the therapeutic and imaging ligands into the tumor area, and outlined methods for enhancement of the tumor ablative ability of the NPS, including several important combinatorial approaches. In addition, we have summarized different in vitro and in vivo effects of PB NP-based therapies used to overcome both systemic and tumor-associated local barriers. An important new approach - PB NP-based immune drug delivery, which is an exciting and promising strategy to overcome cancer resistance and tumor recurrence - has been discussed. Finally, we have discussed the current understanding of the toxicological effects of PB NPs and PB NP-based therapeutics. We conclude that PB NP-based multimodal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal therapy offers new treatment strategies to overcome current hurdles in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishwor Poudel
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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