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Ying-hao P, Yuan-yuan G, Hai-dong Z, Qiu-hua C, Xue-ran G, Hai-qi Z, Hua J. Clinical characteristics and analysis of risk factors for disease progression of patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: A retrospective study of 25207 cases in a Fangcang hospital. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1009894. [PMID: 36389157 PMCID: PMC9659624 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and explore the risk factors affecting the progression in a Fangcang hospital, Shanghai, China. METHODS A total of 25,207 patients were retrospectively enrolled. We described the clinical characteristics and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for non-severe to severe COVID-19 or death. RESULTS According to the outcomes, there were 39 severe patients (including 1 death) and 25,168 non-severe patients enrolled in this study. Among the 25,207 cases, the median age was 45 years (IQR 33-54), and 65% patients were male. Cough (44.5%) and expectoration (38.4%) were the most two common symptoms. Hypertension (10.4%) and diabetes (3.5%) were most two common comorbidities. Most patients (81.1%) were fully vaccinated. The unvaccinated and partially vaccinated patients were 15.1% and 3.9%, respectively. The length of viral shedding time was six days (IQR 4-9) in non-severe patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age (OR=1.062, 95%CI 1.034-1.090, p<0.001), fever (OR=2.603, 95%CI 1.061-6.384, p=0.037), cough (OR=0.276, 95%CI 0.119-0.637, p=0.003), fatigue (OR=4.677, 95%CI 1.976-11.068, p<0.001), taste disorders (OR=14.917, 95%CI 1.884-118.095, p=0.010), and comorbidity (OR=2.134, 95%CI 1.059-4.302, p=0.034) were predictive factors for deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection. CONCLUSIONS Non-critical patients have different clinical characteristics from critical patients. Age, fever, cough, fatigue, taste disorders, and comorbidity are predictors for the deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ying-hao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gu Yuan-yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Hai-dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Qiu-hua
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gu Xue-ran
- Department of Medical Affairs, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Hai-qi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Hua
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ueha R, Ito T, Ueha S, Furukawa R, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Uranaka T, Tanaka H, Nishijima H, Kondo K, Yamasoba T. Evidence for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and olfactory cell lineage impairment in close-contact infection Syrian hamster models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1019723. [PMCID: PMC9634532 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1019723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Close contact with patients with COVID-19 is speculated to be the most common cause of viral transmission, but the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by close contact remains to be elucidated. In addition, despite olfactory impairment being a unique complication of COVID-19, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory cell lineage has not been fully validated. This study aimed to elucidate close-contact viral transmission to the nose and lungs and to investigate the temporal damage in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage caused by SARS-CoV-2. Methods Syrian hamsters were orally administered SARS-CoV-2 nonvariant nCoV-19/JPN/TY/WK521/2020 as direct-infection models. On day 3 after inoculation, infected and uninfected hamsters were housed in the same cage for 30 minutes. These uninfected hamsters were subsequently assigned to a close-contact group. First, viral presence in the nose and lungs was verified in the infection and close-contact groups at several time points. Next, the impacts on the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs were examined histologically. Then, the viral transmission status and chronological changes in tissue damage were compared between the direct-infection and close-contact groups. Results In the close-contact group, viral presence could not be detected in both the nose and lungs on day 3, and the virus was identified in both tissues on day 7. In the direct-infection group, the viral load was highest in the nose and lungs on day 3, decreased on day 7, and was no longer detectable on day 14. Histologically, in the direct-infection group, mature ORNs were most depleted on day 3 (p <0.001) and showed a recovery trend on day 14, with similar trends for olfactory progenitors and immature ORNs. In the close-contact group, there was no obvious tissue damage on day 3, but on day 7, the number of all ORN lineage cells significantly decreased (p <0.001). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted even after brief contact and subsequent olfactory epithelium and lung damage occurred more than 3 days after the trigger of infection. The present study also indicated that SARS-CoV-2 damages all ORN lineage cells, but this damage can begin to recover approximately 14 days post infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Ueha
- Swallowing Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Rumi Ueha, ;
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tsukasa Uranaka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nishijima
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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53
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Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101556. [PMID: 36294991 PMCID: PMC9605261 DOI: 10.3390/life12101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Persistent chemosensory dysfunction (PCD) is a common symptom of long-COVID. Chemosensory dysfunction (CD) as well as SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels and CD8+ T-cell immunity were investigated in a cohort of 44 healthcare workers up to a median of 721 days after a positive PCR test. CD was assessed using questionnaires and psychophysical screening tests. After 721 days, 11 of 44 (25%) participants reported PCD, with five describing an impaired quality of life. One participant reported hyperosmia (increased sense of smell). The risk of PCD at 721 days was higher for participants reporting qualitative changes (parosmia (altered smell), dysgeusia (altered taste), or phantosmia (hallucination of smell)) during initial infection than in those with isolated quantitative losses during the first COVID-19 infection (62.5% vs. 7.1%). The main recovery rate occurred within the first 100 days and did not continue until follow-up at 2 years. No correlation was found between antibody levels and CD, but we observed a trend of a higher percentage of T-cell responders in participants with CD. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients suffer from PCD and impaired quality of life 2 years after initial infection. Qualitative changes in smell or taste during COVID-19 pose a higher risk for PCD.
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Lechien JR, Vaira LA, Le Bon SD, Geerts R, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Saussez S. Validity and reliability of a french version of the olfactory disorders questionnaire. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 51:36. [PMID: 36182947 PMCID: PMC9526523 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate a French version of the Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (Fr-ODQ).
Methods Patients with olfactory disorder (OD) and controls were enrolled from two medical centers. Individuals completed the Fr-ODQ and the French version of the sinonasal outcome tool-22 (SNOT-22). The extended Sniffin'Sticks procedure was used to test odor Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI). Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of Fr-ODQ. The reliability and the external validity were evaluated through a test–retest approach and by correlating Fr-ODQ and SNOT-22 scores. Results Eighty-nine patients with OD and 65 healthy individuals completed the evaluations. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.827, reporting adequate internal consistency. The test–retest reliability was high (rs = 0.944, p = 0.001). The external validity was adequate regarding the significant correlation between Fr-ODQ and SNOT-22 (rs = 0.498; p = 0.001). Patients with OD reported a significant higher score of Fr-ODQ than healthy individuals (p < 0.001), indicating a high internal validity. The baseline Fr-ODQ significantly improved after 3-month olfactory training, which corroborated the improvement of TDI scores. Conclusion The Fr-ODQ is the first patient-reported outcome questionnaire validated for French speaking patients. Fr-ODQ is reliable and valid for the evaluation of the olfactory dysfunction and the related impact on quality of life of French-speaking patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40463-022-00598-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Foch Hospital, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Serge D Le Bon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Geerts
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium.,Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
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Shahbaz MA, De Bernardi F, Alatalo A, Sachana M, Clerbaux LA, Muñoz A, Parvatam S, Landesmann B, Kanninen KM, Coecke S. Mechanistic Understanding of the Olfactory Neuroepithelium Involvement Leading to Short-Term Anosmia in COVID-19 Using the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. Cells 2022; 11:3027. [PMID: 36230989 PMCID: PMC9563945 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the sense of smell (anosmia) has been included as a COVID-19 symptom by the World Health Organization. The majority of patients recover the sense of smell within a few weeks postinfection (short-term anosmia), while others report persistent anosmia. Several studies have investigated the mechanisms leading to anosmia in COVID-19; however, the evidence is scattered, and the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we aim here to evaluate the current knowledge and uncertainties regarding the mechanisms leading to short-term anosmia following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We applied an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, well established in toxicology, to propose a sequence of measurable key events (KEs) leading to short-term anosmia in COVID-19. Those KEs are (1) SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins binding to ACE-2 expressed by the sustentacular (SUS) cells in the olfactory epithelium (OE); (2) viral entry into SUS cells; (3) viral replication in the SUS cells; (4) SUS cell death; (5) damage to the olfactory sensory neurons and the olfactory epithelium (OE). This AOP-aligned approach allows for the identification of gaps where more research should be conducted and where therapeutic intervention could act. Finally, this AOP gives a frame to explain several disease features and can be linked to specific factors that lead to interindividual differences in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Francesca De Bernardi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Arto Alatalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 75775 Paris, France
| | | | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Surat Parvatam
- Centre for Predictive Human Model Systems, Atal Incubation Centre-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (AIC-CCMB), Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | | | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
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Chemosensory Dysfunction in Long-Term COVID-19 Assessed by Self-Reported and Direct Psychophysical Methods. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101487. [PMID: 36294922 PMCID: PMC9604579 DOI: 10.3390/life12101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory dysfunction is a frequent postacute sequela of COVID-19. Depending on the type of test used to measure it (self-report vs. direct test), the degree of chemosensory dysfunction in long-term COVID-19 has been found to be highly variable. In this manuscript, we report the cross-sectional data (first assessment) of a longitudinal study (6-month follow-up) examining smell, taste, and chemesthesis in participants affected by long-term COVID-19 (COVID+) and participants without COVID-19 (COVID−) by means of both self-reported and direct psychophysical methods. In total, 208 Italian participants (COVID+ n = 133; COVID− n = 75) completed the Smell and Taste Check developed by the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research (GCCR), which includes self-reports on smell, taste, and chemesthetic abilities as well as direct intensity ratings of unstandardized smell, taste, and chemesthetic household items. Furthermore, all participants completed SCENTinel, a validated direct smell test. We found a positive association between the self-reported, unstandardized direct test and the validated direct test for smell, indicating moderate to large agreement across measures. Furthermore, the performance on SCENTinel was significantly associated with self-reported smell loss. A positive association between the self-reports and the intensity of household items was also retrieved for taste and chemesthesis. The time relative to COVID-19 onset (267.3 ± 113.9 days) did not modulate the chemosensory performance of self-reported abilities, intensity ratings, and SCENTinel. All in all, we confirm the impairment of three chemical senses (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) in an independent sample of Italian participants affected by long-term COVID-19 by using and comparing self-reported and direct psychophysical methods. We contribute to the discussion on best practices to monitor chemosensory dysfunction in individuals affected by long-term COVID-19.
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A machine learning COVID-19 mass screening based on symptoms and a simple olfactory test. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15622. [PMID: 36114256 PMCID: PMC9481525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of symptoms and rapid testing are the basis of an efficient screening strategy to control COVID-19 transmission. The olfactory dysfunction is one of the most prevalent symptom and in many cases is the first symptom. This study aims to develop a machine learning COVID-19 predictive tool based on symptoms and a simple olfactory test, which consists of identifying the smell of an aromatized hydroalcoholic gel. A multi-centre population-based prospective study was carried out in the city of Reus (Catalonia, Spain). The study included consecutive patients undergoing a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for presenting symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 or for being close contacts of a confirmed COVID-19 case. A total of 519 patients were included, 386 (74.4%) had at least one symptom and 133 (25.6%) were asymptomatic. A classification tree model including sex, age, relevant symptoms and the olfactory test results obtained a sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.91–0.99), a specificity of 0.39 (95% CI 0.34–0.44) and an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.92). This shows that this machine learning predictive model is a promising mass screening for COVID-19.
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Bauer L, Rissmann M, Benavides FFW, Leijten L, van Run P, Begeman L, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Lendemeijer B, Smeenk H, de Vrij FMS, Kushner SA, Koopmans MPG, Rockx B, van Riel D. In vitro and in vivo differences in neurovirulence between D614G, Delta And Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:124. [PMID: 36058935 PMCID: PMC9441226 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with various neurological complications. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, several studies have shown that neuroinflammation occurs in the acute and post-acute phase. As these studies have predominantly been performed with isolates from 2020, it is unknown if there are differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants in their ability to cause neuroinflammation. Here, we compared the neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism and neurovirulence of the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain D614G, the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variants using in vitro and in vivo models. The Omicron BA.1 variant showed reduced neurotropism and neurovirulence compared to Delta and D614G in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. Similar differences were obtained in Syrian hamsters inoculated with D614G, Delta and the Omicron BA.1 variant 5 days post infection. Replication in the olfactory mucosa was observed in all hamsters, but most prominently in D614G inoculated hamsters. Furthermore, neuroinvasion into the CNS via the olfactory nerve was observed in D614G, but not Delta or Omicron BA.1 inoculated hamsters. Furthermore, neuroinvasion was associated with neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb of hamsters inoculated with D614G. Altogether, our findings suggest differences in the neuroinvasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent potential between SARS-CoV-2 variants using in vitro hiPSC-derived neural cultures and in vivo in hamsters during the acute phase of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bauer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lineke Begeman
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bas Lendemeijer
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Smeenk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke M S de Vrij
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Esposito P, Picciotto D, Cappadona F, Russo E, Falqui V, Conti NE, Parodi A, Mallia L, Cavagnaro S, Battaglia Y, Viazzi F. The Evolving Scenario of COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10836. [PMID: 36078552 PMCID: PMC9518574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly changing disease. Therefore, in this study, to evaluate the evolution of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients, we retrospectively compared patients affected by COVID-19 during the first pandemic waves of 2020 (from March to December 2020-Group 1) with patients with COVID-19 from September 2021 to February 2022 (Group 2) after the full completion of vaccination. Group 1 was constituted of 44 patients (69.3 ± 14.6 years), and Group 2 of 55 patients (67.4 ± 15.3 years). Among Group 2, 52 patients (95%) were vaccinated. Patients of Group 2, compared with Group 1, were more often asymptomatic (38 vs. 10%, p = 0.002) and reported less frequent fever and pulmonary involvement. At diagnosis, Group 2 showed a significantly higher number of lymphocytes and lower levels of circulating IL-6 (16 ± 13.3 vs. 41 ± 39.4 pg/mL, p = 0.002). Moreover, in Group 2, inflammatory parameters significantly improved after a few days from diagnosis. Patients of Group 2 presented a lower hospitalization rate (12.7 vs. 38%, p = 0.004), illness duration (18.8 ± 7.7 vs. 29.2 ± 19.5 days, p = 0.005), and mortality rate (5.4 vs. 25%, p = 0.008). Finally, responders to the vaccination (80% of vaccinated patients) compared with nonresponders showed a reduction in infection duration and hospitalization (5 vs. 40%, p = 0.018). In conclusion, we found that COVID-19 presentation and course in hemodialysis patients have improved over time after the implementation of vaccine campaigns. However, due to the evolving nature of the disease, active surveillance is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappadona
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Falqui
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Angelica Parodi
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Mallia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Cavagnaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Persisting Smell and Taste Disorders in Patients Who Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection-Data from the Polish PoLoCOV-CVD Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081763. [PMID: 36016385 PMCID: PMC9416276 DOI: 10.3390/v14081763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the majority of cases, patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus experience a complete resolution of symptoms within six weeks of acquiring the infection, but an increasing number of patients report persistent symptoms. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of self-reported smell and/or taste disorders (STDs) in a group of convalescent patients after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and to identify risk factors for the disease. The study included 2218 COVID-19 convalescents after both inpatient and outpatient treatment. The sample group was analysed with regard to chronic diseases, place of isolation and clinical symptoms occurring during COVID-19 along with their duration. The assessment also included the most common symptoms of COVID-19 and the severity of the disease course. A total of 98 patients reported persistent smell and taste disorders up to three months after the end of isolation (67.4% of men and 32.6% of women). The mean age of the participants was 53.8 ± 13.5 years (49.19 ± 14.68 in patients with an STD vs. 54.01 ± 13.44 in patients without an STD). The patients treated for COVID-19 at home (p < 0.001) constituted almost the entire group of patients with persistent smell and taste disorders (97%). Among the patients with persistent smell and taste disorders, 57.1% suffered from at least one chronic condition (vs. 71.4% of patients without an STD). In patients with an STD, the number of symptoms per patient was higher than in the other group at 8.87 ± 3.65 (p = 0.018), while the most common clinical symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19 were smell and taste disorders (84%) (p < 0.001), significant weakness (70%), headache (60%), cough (55%), arthralgia (51%) (p = 0.034) and back muscle pain (51%). Based on the results obtained, the following conclusions were drawn: the risk of developing persistent smell and taste disorders after COVID-19 is greater in younger people with less comorbidities and a higher number of symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19. The risk is associated with clinical symptoms occurring during the acute phase of COVID-19, i.e., smell and taste disorders and arthralgia. In addition, this risk is higher in patients receiving outpatient treatment for COVID-19.
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61
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Fabbris C, Polesel J, Emanuelli E, Tirelli G, Spinato G, Hopkins C. Two-Year Prevalence and Recovery Rate of Altered Sense of Smell or Taste in Patients With Mildly Symptomatic COVID-19. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 148:889-891. [PMID: 35925596 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.,Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Enzo Emanuelli
- Unit of Otolaryngology, AULSS 2-Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, England, United Kingdom
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Hintschich CA, Vielsmeier V, Bohr C, Hagemann J, Klimek L. Author's reply to the Letter to the Editor "The study of olfactory dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 variants". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5471-5472. [PMID: 35904630 PMCID: PMC9335000 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin A Hintschich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Veronika Vielsmeier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Bohr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
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63
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Man K, Simons CT, Mohamed-Osman A, Travers SP, Zhao K. Chemosensory losses in past and active likely delta variant break-through COVID-19 cases. MED 2022; 3:450-451. [PMID: 35660163 PMCID: PMC9108022 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kym Man
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher T Simons
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aayah Mohamed-Osman
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susan P Travers
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Vaira LA, De Riu G, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Lechien JR. The rate of persistent COVID-19 related chemosensory dysfunctions can be established only after one year. Oral Dis 2022; 28 Suppl 2:2630-2631. [PMID: 35775823 PMCID: PMC9349988 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Istituto Tumori G. Pascale of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maglitto
- ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Istituto Tumori G. Pascale of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
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COVID-19 Induced Taste Dysfunction and Recovery: Association with Smell Dysfunction and Oral Health Behaviour. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060715. [PMID: 35743978 PMCID: PMC9231283 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Disruption to taste and smell are common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. The current literature overlooks taste symptoms and tends to focus on the sense of smell. Persisting cases (>28 days) of taste dysfunction are increasingly recognised as a major future healthcare challenge. This study focuses on the severity and recovery of COVID-19 induced taste loss and association with olfactory symptoms, lifestyle and oral health factors. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey comparing 182 rapid taste recovery participants (≤28 days) with 47 participants with prolonged taste recovery >28 days. Analyses of taste loss in association with smell loss, age, sex, illness severity, diet, BMI, vitamin-D supplementation, antidepressants, alcohol use, smoking, brushing frequency, flossing, missing teeth, appliances and number of dental restorations were conducted. Differences in the severity of the loss of sour, sweet, salt, bitter and umami tastes were explored. Results: Both the severity and the duration of taste and smell loss were closely correlated (p < 0.001). Salt taste was significantly less affected than all other taste qualities (p < 0.001). Persisting taste loss was associated with older age (mean ± 95% CI = 31.73 ± 1.23 years vs. 36.66 ± 3.59 years, p < 0.001) and reduced likelihood of using floss (odds ratio ± 95% CI = 2.22 (1.15−4.25), p = 0.047). Conclusions: Smell and taste loss in COVID-19 are closely related, although a minority of individuals can experience taste or smell dysfunction in the absence of the other. The taste of salt may be less severely affected than other taste qualities and future work exploring this finding objectively is indicated. The association of flossing with rapid taste recovery adds to the growing evidence of a link between good periodontal health and favourable COVID-19 outcomes.
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Rodriguez-Sevilla JJ, Güerri-Fernádez R, Bertran Recasens B. Is There Less Alteration of Smell Sensation in Patients With Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant Infection? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:852998. [PMID: 35492353 PMCID: PMC9039252 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.852998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a matter of global concern in terms of public health Within the symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, hyposmia and anosmia have emerged as characteristic symptoms during the onset of the pandemic. Although many researchers have investigated the etiopathogenesis of this phenomenon, the main cause is not clear. The appearance of the new variant of concern Omicron has meant a breakthrough in the chronology of this pandemic, presenting greater transmissibility and less severity, according to the first reports. We have been impressed by the decrease in anosmia reported with this new variant and in patients reinfected or who had received vaccination before becoming infected. Based on the literature published to date, this review proposes different hypotheses to explain this possible lesser affectation of smell. On the one hand, modifications in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein could produce changes in cell tropism and interaction with proteins that promote virus uptake (ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and TMEM16F). These proteins can be found in the sustentacular cells and glandular cells of the olfactory epithelium. Second, due to the characteristics of the virus or previous immunity (infection or vaccination), there could be less systemic or local inflammation that would generate less cell damage in the olfactory epithelium and/or in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Güerri-Fernádez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Vida (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Gutmann D, Donath H, Herrlich L, Lehmkühler T, Landeis A, Ume ER, Hutter M, Goßmann AK, Weis F, Weiß M, Rabenau HF, Zielen S. Exhaled Aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Positive Children and Age-Matched-Negative Controls. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:941785. [PMID: 35923787 PMCID: PMC9339682 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.941785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents seem to be less affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease in terms of severity, especially until the increasing spread of the omicron variant in December 2021. Anatomical structures and lower number of exhaled aerosols may in part explain this phenomenon. In a cohort of healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected children, we compared exhaled particle counts to gain further insights about the spreading of SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-center prospective observational trial, a total of 162 children and adolescents (age 6-17 years), of whom 39 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 123 PCR-negative, were included. The 39 PCR-positive children were compared to 39 PCR-negative age-matched controls. The data of all PCR-negative children were analyzed to determine baseline exhaled particle counts in children. In addition, medical and clinical history was obtained and spirometry was measured. RESULTS Baseline exhaled particle counts were low in healthy children. Exhaled particle counts were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive children (median 355.0/L; range 81-6955/L), compared to age-matched -negative children (median 157.0/L; range 1-533/L; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive children exhaled significantly higher levels of aerosols than healthy children. Overall children had low levels of exhaled particle counts, possibly indicating that children are not the major driver of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION [ClinicalTrials.gov], Identifier [NCT04739020].
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Gutmann
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helena Donath
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura Herrlich
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timon Lehmkühler
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anton Landeis
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Emily R Ume
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Hutter
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Frederik Weis
- Palas GmbH, Partikel- und Lasermesstechnik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weiß
- Palas GmbH, Partikel- und Lasermesstechnik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Subjective Mouthfeel and Temperature Alterations in COVID-19 Patients Six to Ten Months After Diagnosis. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2022; 15:165-174. [PMID: 36406042 PMCID: PMC9660145 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-022-09304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The characteristics and impact of mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste alterations in patients with COVID-19 at a long term are yet not well known. In this study, these characteristics and their impact on daily life and quality of life (QoL) were assessed, six to ten months after infection, in patients with COVID-19 searching for peer support on Facebook. Methods Between December 2020 and January 2021, members of two COVID-19 Facebook groups were invited to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked to report their perception of mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste alterations and their impact. Results The questionnaire was completed by 157/216 respondents (73%), with 92% being women. Alterations in mouthfeel, temperature, smell, and taste were reported by respectively 66, 40, 148, and 133 participants. The most frequently reported mouthfeel alterations were "a different feeling" and "dry mouth" in 38 and 30 participants, respectively. Preferences for food temperature were equally changed to "freezing", "cool", "room temperature", "a bit warmer", and "warmer". An impact on daily life and QoL was reported by most patients with alterations in mouthfeel (91% and 79%), temperature (78% and 60%), smell (98% and 93%), and taste (93% and 88%), respectively. Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 searching for peer support on Facebook experienced, next to smell and taste alterations, mouthfeel and temperature disturbances, six to ten months after infection. These alterations have an impact on daily life and QoL. Implications Health professionals should, next to smell and taste alterations, be aware of mouthfeel and temperature alterations in patients with COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12078-022-09304-y.
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