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Palmieri F. Diseases caused by defects of mitochondrial carriers: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:564-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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52
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Dörner A, Schultheiss HP. Adenine nucleotide translocase in the focus of cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2008; 17:284-90. [PMID: 18021939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) facilitates the exchange of extramitochondrial adenosine diphosphate and intramitochondrial adenosine triphosphate across the inner mitochondrial membrane and appears to be a member of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore whose opening induces apoptosis. Genetically or physiologically restricted ANT function associated with insufficient energy supply and induced apoptosis leads to severe cardiac disturbance. In contrast, to counter myocardial stress, heart tissue developed cell protecting gene programs including ANT1 up-regulation to stabilize energy supply and concurrently suppress apoptotic processes. This review describes characteristics of ANT function and expression in cardiovascular diseases and ANT's role in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dörner
- Charité-University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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53
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Dahout-Gonzalez C, Nury H, Trézéguet V, Lauquin GJM, Pebay-Peyroula E, Brandolin G. Molecular, functional, and pathological aspects of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Physiology (Bethesda) 2006; 21:242-9. [PMID: 16868313 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00005.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In providing the cell with ATP generated by oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier plays a central role in aerobic eukaryotic cells. Combining biochemical, genetic, and structural approaches contributes to understanding the molecular mechanism of this essential transport system, the dysfunction of which is implicated in neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dahout-Gonzalez
- Département de Réponse et Dynamique Cellulaires, CEA-Grenoble, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biophysique des Systèmes Intégrés, UMR 5092 CEA-CNRS-Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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54
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Di Rosa G, Deodato F, Loupatty FJ, Rizzo C, Carrozzo R, Santorelli FM, Boenzi S, D'Amico A, Tozzi G, Bertini E, Maiorana A, Wanders RJA, Dionisi-Vici C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cataract, developmental delay, lactic acidosis: a novel subtype of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29:546-50. [PMID: 16736096 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria is the biochemical marker of several inherited metabolic diseases. Four types of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria can be distinguished. In the type I form, accumulation of 3-methylglutaconate is due to deficient activity of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase, an enzyme of the leucine degradation pathway. In the other forms, 3-methylglutaconic acid is not derived from leucine but is of unidentified origin, possibly derived from other metabolic pathways, such as mevalonate metabolism. We report five patients, all presenting a severe early-onset phenotype characterized by 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cataract, hypotonia/developmental delay, lactic acidosis, and normal 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase activity. This peculiar phenotype, for which a primary mitochondrial disorder is hypothesized, identifies a novel subtype of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Di Rosa
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, I-00165, Rome, Italy
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55
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Celotto AM, Frank AC, McGrath SW, Fergestad T, Van Voorhies WA, Buttle KF, Mannella CA, Palladino MJ. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2006; 26:810-20. [PMID: 16421301 PMCID: PMC6675365 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4162-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are common and devastating multisystem genetic disorders characterized by neuromuscular dysfunction and tissue degeneration. Point mutations in the human mitochondrial ATP6 gene are known to cause several related mitochondrial disorders: NARP (neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa), MILS (maternally inherited Leigh's syndrome), and FBSN (familial bilateral striatal necrosis). We identified a pathogenic mutation in the Drosophila mitochondrial ATP6 gene that causes progressive, adult-onset neuromuscular dysfunction and myodegeneration. Our results demonstrate ultrastructural defects in the mitochondrial innermembrane, neural dysfunction, and a marked reduction in mitochondrial ATP synthase activity associated with this mutation. This Drosophila mutant recapitulates key features of the human neuromuscular disorders enabling detailed in vivo studies of these enigmatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Celotto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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56
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Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) comprise a growing list of potentially lethal diseases caused by mutations in either mitochondrial (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). Two such conditions, autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO) and Senger's Syndrome, are associated with dysfunction of the heart and muscle-specific isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT1), a nDNA gene product that facilitates transport of ATP and ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. AdPEO is a mtDNA deletion disorder broadly characterized by pathology involving the eyes, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system. In addition to ANT1, mutations in at least two other nuclear genes, twinkle and POLG, have been shown to cause mtDNA destabilization associated with adPEO. Senger's syndrome is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by congenital heart defects, abnormalities of skeletal muscle mitochondria, cataracts, and elevated circulatory levels of lactic acid. This syndrome is associated with severe depletion of ANT1, which may be the result of an as yet unidentified ANT1-specific transcriptional or translational processing error. ANT1 has also been associated with a third condition, autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), an adult onset disorder characterized by variable muscle weakness in the face, feet, shoulders, and hips. FSHD patients possess specific DNA deletions on chromosome 4, which appear to cause derepression of several nearby genes, including ANT1. Early development of FSHD may involve mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, possibly associated with overexpression of ANT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Sharer
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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57
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Palmieri L, Alberio S, Pisano I, Lodi T, Meznaric-Petrusa M, Zidar J, Santoro A, Scarcia P, Fontanesi F, Lamantea E, Ferrero I, Zeviani M. Complete loss-of-function of the heart/muscle-specific adenine nucleotide translocator is associated with mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3079-88. [PMID: 16155110 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions are associated with clinically heterogeneous disorders transmitted as mendelian traits. Dominant missense mutations were found in the gene encoding the heart and skeletal muscle-specific isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in families with autosomal dominant progressive external opthalmoplegia and in a sporadic patient. We herein report on a sporadic patient who presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mild myopathy with exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis but no ophthalmoplegia. A muscle biopsy showed the presence of numerous ragged-red fibers, and Southern blot analysis disclosed multiple deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA. Molecular analysis revealed a C to A homozygous mutation at nucleotide 368 of the ANT1 gene. The mutation converted a highly conserved alanine into an aspartic acid at codon 123 and was absent in 500 control individuals. This is the first report of a recessive mutation in the ANT1 gene. The clinical and biochemical features are different from those found in dominant ANT1 mutations, resembling those described in ANT1 knockout mice. No ATP uptake was measured in proteoliposomes reconstituted with protein extracts from the patient's muscle. The equivalent mutation in AAC2, the yeast ortholog of human ANT1, resulted in a complete loss of transport activity and in the inability to rescue the severe Oxidative Phosphorylation phenotype displayed by WB-12, an AAC1/AAC2 defective strain. Interestingly, exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers dramatically increased the viability of the WB-12 transformant, suggesting that increased redox stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and that anti-ROS therapy may be beneficial to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Italy
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58
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Dörner A, Giessen S, Gaub R, Grosse Siestrup H, Schwimmbeck PL, Hetzer R, Poller W, Schultheiss HP. An isoform shift in the cardiac adenine nucleotide translocase expression alters the kinetic properties of the carrier in dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 8:81-9. [PMID: 16107323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport and altered adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) isoform expression characterized by enhanced ANT1 and decreased ANT2 expression have been implicated in the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It is still unknown whether restricted ANT function results from exogenous factors, or mutations in the ANT genes, or whether the imbalance in the isoform composition causes the reduced ADP/ATP transport. We performed DNA mutation screening of ANT genes and analyzed the kinetic properties of ANT protein isolated from DCM hearts and controls in a reconstituted system excluding natural environmental influences. RESULTS A G1409T polymorphism in ANT2 leads to an exchange from Arg111 to Leu111 in healthy blood donors (n = 60) with allele frequencies of 76% and 24%. This polymorphism was neither associated with DCM (74%, 26%; n = 93) nor with altered myocardial ANT isoform expression or restricted ANT function (89%, 11%; n = 8). However, there was a remarkable reduction in the maximum transport activity (v(max)) of reconstituted ANT from DCM hearts with altered ANT isoform expression (498 +/- 113 micromol min(-1) g(-1) incorporated protein vs. 1112 +/- 178 micromol min(-1) g(-1) incorporated protein, p < 0.01). Moreover, the substrate affinity of DCM myocardial ANT to ATP was slightly reduced with an increased K(m) value of 104.3 +/- 2.4 microM vs. 90.4 +/- 2.9 microM in controls (p < 0.03). CONCLUSION The altered isoform expression in DCM hearts entails changes in the kinetic properties of total ANT protein restricting ANT function and contributing to disturbed energy metabolism in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dörner
- Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.
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59
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Chevrollier A, Loiseau D, Stepien G. [What is the specific role of ANT2 in cancer cells?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2005; 21:156-61. [PMID: 15691486 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2005212156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mitochondrial internal membrane, the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) carries out the ATP/ADP exchange between cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. Three isoforms with different kinetic properties are encoded from three different genes in Human: the muscle specific ANT1 and the ubiquitary ANT3 isoforms export ATP produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The ANT2 isoform is specifically expressed in proliferative cells with a predominant glycolytic metabolism and is associated with cellular undifferentiation which is a major characteristic in carcinogenesis. Its role would be to import into mitochondria ATP produced by the glycolysis, energy essential to several intramitochondrial functions, particularly to maintenance of the membrane potential (Delta Psi m), conditioning cellular survival and proliferation. The mechanism of regeneration of this Delta Psi m gradient would involve at least three major proteins: the hexokinase II isoform, the ANT2 isoform and the F1 part of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex. Taking into account this major role of ANT2 in cell proliferation and the very low expression of this isoform in differentiated tissues, this protein or its transcript could be chosen as a target for an anticancer strategy. Furthermore, previous studies showed that molecules of the cisplatin family, used as chemotherapeutic agents, led to the destruction of the mitochondrial membrane potential and thus to cell death. Does the anticancer effect of these molecules result, at least partially, from this mitochondrial aggression? If it is the case, the ANT2 isoform, mainly involved in the generation of this potential by its ATP4-/ADP3- exchange, could be considered as a more specific targeting by an RNA interference approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevrollier
- Laboratoire d'étude des molécules marquées, Inserm U.484, 58, rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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60
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Atiq M, Iqbal S, Ibrahim S. Sengers disease: a rare association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital cataracts. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71:437-40. [PMID: 15163876 DOI: 10.1007/bf02725636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an uncommon childhood cardiac disease and can be primary or secondary. Several systemic diseases are known to be associated with this entity. Senger's disease is a mitochondrial disorder causing congenital cataracts lactic acidosis and skeletal and cardiac myopathy. Diagnosis should be kept in mind when routine neonatal eye screening reveals absent red reflex. The authors report a case of Sengers disease and discuss the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Atiq
- Department of Pediatrics, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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61
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Palmieri F. The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications. Pflugers Arch 2003; 447:689-709. [PMID: 14598172 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-003-1099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2003] [Revised: 04/24/2003] [Accepted: 04/28/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carriers (MCs) shuttle a variety of metabolites across the inner mitochondrial membrane (i.m.m.). In man they are encoded by the SLC25 genes. Some MCs have isoforms encoded by different SLC25 genes, whereas the phosphate carrier has two variants arising from an alternative splicing of SLC25A3. Six MCs have been sequenced after purification, and many more have been identified from their transport and kinetic properties following heterologous over-expression and reconstitution into liposomes. All MCs of known function belong to the same protein family, since their polypeptide chains consist of three tandemly related sequences of about 100 amino acids, and the repeats of the different carriers are homologous. They probably function as homodimers, each monomer being folded in the membrane into six transmembrane segments. The functional information obtained in studies with mitochondria and/or the reconstituted system has helped to gain an insight into the physiological role of the MCs in cell metabolism, as have tissue distribution, the use of knock-out mice (and/or yeast) and over-expression in human cell lines (or yeast) of individual carriers and isoforms. At the same time, the cloning and functional identification of many SLC25 genes has made it possible (i) to identify the genes (and their defects) responsible for some diseases, e.g. Stanley syndrome and Amish microcephaly, and (ii) where the genes were already known, to characterize the function of the gene products and hence understand the molecular basis and the symptoms of the diseases, e.g. hyperornithinaemia, hyperammonaemia and homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome and type II citrullinemia. It is likely that further extension and functional characterization of the SLC25 gene family will elucidate other diseases caused by MC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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62
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Ashrafian H, Redwood C, Blair E, Watkins H. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:a paradigm for myocardial energy depletion. Trends Genet 2003; 19:263-8. [PMID: 12711218 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9525(03)00081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a mendelian form of cardiac hypertrophy, indicates that the primary defect is in sarcomeric function. However, the initial proposal that depressed myocardial contraction leads to a 'compensatory' hypertrophy has proven inconsistent with laboratory and clinical evidence. Drawing on observations of mutant contractile protein function, together with mouse models and clinical studies, we propose that sarcomeric HCM mutations lead to inefficient ATP utilization. The suggestion that energy depletion underlies HCM is supported by the HCM-like phenotype found with mutations in a variety of metabolic genes. A central role for compromised energetics would also help explain the unresolved clinical observations of delayed onset and asymmetrical hypertrophy in HCM, and would have implications for therapy in HCM and, potentially, in more-common forms of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Ashrafian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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