51
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Smith M, Knight IS, Kormos RC, Pepe JG, Kunach P, Diamond MI, Shahmoradian SH, Irwin JJ, DeGrado WF, Shoichet BK. Docking for Molecules That Bind in a Symmetric Stack with SymDOCK. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:425-434. [PMID: 38191997 PMCID: PMC10806807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Discovering ligands for amyloid fibrils, such as those formed by the tau protein, is an area of great current interest. In recent structures, ligands bind in stacks in the tau fibrils to reflect the rotational and translational symmetry of the fibril itself; in these structures, the ligands make few interactions with the protein but interact extensively with each other. To exploit this symmetry and stacking, we developed SymDOCK, a method to dock molecules that follow the protein's symmetry. For each prospective ligand pose, we apply the symmetry operation of the fibril to generate a self-interacting and fibril-interacting stack, checking that doing so will not cause a clash between the original molecule and its image. Absent a clash, we retain that pose and add the ligand-ligand van der Waals energy to the ligand's docking score (here using DOCK3.8). We can check these geometries and energies using an implementation of ANI, a neural-network-based quantum-mechanical evaluation of the ligand stacking energies. In retrospective calculations, symmetry docking can reproduce the poses of three tau PET tracers whose structures have been determined. More convincingly, in a prospective study, SymDOCK predicted the structure of the PET tracer MK-6240 bound in a symmetrical stack to AD PHF tau before that structure was determined; the docked pose was used to determine how MK-6240 fit the cryo-EM density. In proof-of-concept studies, SymDOCK enriched known ligands over property-matched decoys in retrospective screens without sacrificing docking speed and can address large library screens that seek new symmetrical stackers. Future applications of this approach will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
S. Smith
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Program
in Biophysics, University of California, UCSF Genentech Hall MC2240, 600
16th St Rm N474D,San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Ian S. Knight
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rian C. Kormos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Program
in Biophysics, University of California, UCSF Genentech Hall MC2240, 600
16th St Rm N474D,San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Joseph G. Pepe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Program
in Biophysics, University of California, UCSF Genentech Hall MC2240, 600
16th St Rm N474D,San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Peter Kunach
- McGill
Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill
University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department
of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Room 310, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Center
for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell
Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, 6124 Harry Hines Blvd. Suite NS03.200, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., G2.222, Dallas, Texas 75390-9368, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, United States
| | - Marc I. Diamond
- Center
for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell
Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, 6124 Harry Hines Blvd. Suite NS03.200, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., G2.222, Dallas, Texas 75390-9368, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, United States
| | - Sarah H. Shahmoradian
- Center
for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell
Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, 6124 Harry Hines Blvd. Suite NS03.200, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, United States
| | - John J. Irwin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, PO Box 589001, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, United
States
| | - Brian K. Shoichet
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, UCSF Genentech
Hall Box 2280, 600 16th St Rm 518,San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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52
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Lucey BP. Paradoxical effects of daytime sleepiness and memory in African Americans at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad301. [PMID: 38011628 PMCID: PMC10782496 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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53
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Santillán-Morales V, Rodriguez-Espinosa N, Muñoz-Estrada J, Alarcón-Elizalde S, Acebes Á, Benítez-King G. Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Are Olfactory Neuronal Precursors Useful for Antemortem Biomarker Research? Brain Sci 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 38248261 PMCID: PMC10813897 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the main cause of dementia, affects millions of people around the world, whose diagnosis is based mainly on clinical criteria. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is obtained very late, when the neurodegenerative damage is significant for most patients. Therefore, the exhaustive study of biomarkers is indispensable for diagnostic, prognostic, and even follow-up support. AD is a multifactorial disease, and knowing its underlying pathological mechanisms is crucial to propose new and valuable biomarkers. In this review, we summarize some of the main biomarkers described in AD, which have been evaluated mainly by imaging studies in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples. Furthermore, we describe and propose neuronal precursors derived from the olfactory neuroepithelium as a potential resource to evaluate some of the widely known biomarkers of AD and to gear toward searching for new biomarkers. These neuronal lineage cells, which can be obtained directly from patients through a non-invasive and outpatient procedure, display several characteristics that validate them as a surrogate model to study the central nervous system, allowing the analysis of AD pathophysiological processes. Moreover, the ease of obtaining and harvesting endows them as an accessible and powerful resource to evaluate biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Santillán-Morales
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (V.S.-M.); (S.A.-E.)
| | - Norberto Rodriguez-Espinosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Tenerife, Spain;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Estrada
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90069, USA;
| | - Salvador Alarcón-Elizalde
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (V.S.-M.); (S.A.-E.)
| | - Ángel Acebes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (V.S.-M.); (S.A.-E.)
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Høilund-Carlsen PF, Alavi A, Barrio JR, Castellani RJ, Costa T, Herrup K, Kepp KP, Neve RL, Perry G, Revheim ME, Robakis NK, Sensi SL, Vissel B. Revision of Alzheimer's diagnostic criteria or relocation of the Potemkin village. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102173. [PMID: 38104639 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The recently announced revision of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostic ATN classification adds to an already existing disregard for clinical assessment the rejection of image-based in vivo assessment of the brain's condition. The revision suggests that the diagnosis of AD should be based solely on the presence of cerebral amyloid-beta and tau, indicated by the "A" and "T". The "N", which stands for neurodegeneration - detected by imaging - should no longer be given importance, except that A+ ± T + = AD with amyloid PET being the main method for demonstrating A+ . We believe this is an artificial and misleading suggestion. It is artificial because it relies on biomarkers whose significance remains obscure and where the detection of "A" is based on a never-validated PET method using a tracer that marks much more than amyloid-beta. It is misleading because many patients without dementia will be falsely classified as having AD, but nonetheless candidates for passive immunotherapy, which may be more harmful than beneficial, and sometimes fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge R Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- Section of Biophysical and Biomedicinal Chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- The Intervention Centre, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolaos K Robakis
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; CAST-Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; ITAB-Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technology, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bryce Vissel
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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55
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Timsina J, Ali M, Do A, Wang L, Western D, Sung YJ, Cruchaga C. Harmonization of CSF and imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Need and practical applications for genetics studies and preclinical classification. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106373. [PMID: 38072165 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Amyloid beta (Aβ), Tau and pTau are the most accepted and well validated biomarkers. Several methods and platforms exist to measure those biomarkers, leading to challenges in combining data across studies. Thus, there is a need to identify methods that harmonize and standardize these values. We used a Z-score based approach to harmonize CSF and amyloid imaging data from multiple cohorts and compared GWAS results using this approach with currently accepted methods. We also used a generalized mixture model to calculate the threshold for biomarker-positivity. Based on our findings, our normalization approach performed as well as meta-analysis and did not lead to any spurious results. In terms of dichotomization, cutoffs calculated with this approach were very similar to those reported previously. These findings show that the Z-score based harmonization approach can be applied to heterogeneous platforms and provides biomarker cut-offs consistent with the classical approaches without requiring any additional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anh Do
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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56
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Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Kumar A, Malarte ML, Ioannou K, Rocha FM, Chiotis K. Imaging Neuroinflammation: Quantification of Astrocytosis in a Multitracer PET Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2785:195-218. [PMID: 38427196 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The recent progress in the development of in vivo biomarkers is rapidly changing how neurodegenerative diseases are conceptualized and diagnosed and how clinical trials are designed today. Alzheimer's disease (AD) - the most common neurodegenerative disorder - is characterized by a complex neuropathology involving the deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, accompanied by the activation of glial cells, i.e., astrocytes and microglia, and neuroinflammatory response, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. An increasing diversity of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radiotracers is available to selectively target the different pathophysiological processes of AD. Along with the success of Aβ PET and the more recent tau PET imaging, there is a great interest to develop PET tracers to image glial reactivity and neuroinflammation. While most research to date has focused on imaging microgliosis, there is an upsurge of interest in imaging reactive astrocytes in the AD continuum. There is increasing evidence that reactive astrocytes are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous, with different subtypes that express different markers and display various homeostatic or detrimental roles across disease stages. Therefore, multiple biomarkers are desirable to unravel the complex phenomenon of reactive astrocytosis. In the field of in vivo PET imaging in AD, the research concerning reactive astrocytes has predominantly focused on targeting monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), most often using either 11C-deuterium-L-deprenyl (11C-DED) or 18F-SMBT-1 PET tracers. Additionally, imidazoline2 binding (I2BS) sites have been imaged using 11C-BU99008 PET. Recent studies in our group using 11C-DED PET imaging suggest that astrocytosis may be present from the early stages of disease development in AD. This chapter provides a detailed description of the practical approach used for the analysis of 11C-DED PET imaging data in a multitracer PET paradigm including 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). The multitracer PET approach allows investigating the comparative regional and temporal patterns of in vivo brain astrocytosis, fibrillar Aβ deposition, glucose metabolism, and brain structural changes. It may also contribute to understanding the potential role of novel plasma biomarkers of reactive astrocytes, in particular the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), at different stages of disease progression. This chapter attempts to stimulate further research in the field, including the development of novel PET tracers that may allow visualizing different aspects of the complex astrocytic and microglial response in neurodegenerative diseases. Progress in the field will contribute to the incorporation of PET imaging of glial reactivity and neuroinflammation as biomarkers with clinical application and motivate further investigation on glial cells as therapeutic targets in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona-Lisa Malarte
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Ioannou
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filipa M Rocha
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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57
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Acharya NK, Grossman HC, Clifford PM, Levin EC, Light KR, Choi H, Swanson Ii RL, Kosciuk MC, Venkataraman V, Libon DJ, Matzel LD, Nagele RG. A Chronic Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Facilitates Intraneuronal Deposition of Exogenous Bloodborne Amyloid-Beta1-42 Peptide in the Brain and Leads to Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant Cognitive Changes in a Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:163-186. [PMID: 38393907 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides (especially Aβ1-42) (Aβ42) have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the nature of their involvement in AD-related neuropathological changes leading to cognitive changes remains poorly understood. Objective To test the hypothesis that chronic extravasation of bloodborne Aβ42 peptide and brain-reactive autoantibodies and their entry into the brain parenchyma via a permeable BBB contribute to AD-related pathological changes and cognitive changes in a mouse model. Methods The BBB was rendered chronically permeable through repeated injections of Pertussis toxin (PT), and soluble monomeric, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled or unlabeled Aβ42 was injected into the tail-vein of 10-month-old male CD1 mice at designated intervals spanning ∼3 months. Acquisition of learned behaviors and long-term retention were assessed via a battery of cognitive and behavioral tests and linked to neuropathological changes. Results Mice injected with both PT and Aβ42 demonstrated a preferential deficit in the capacity for long-term retention and an increased susceptibility to interference in selective attention compared to mice exposed to PT or saline only. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased BBB permeability and entry of bloodborne Aβ42 and immunoglobulin G (IgG) into the brain parenchyma, selective neuronal binding of IgG and neuronal accumulation of Aβ42 in animals injected with both PT and Aβ42 compared to controls. Conclusion Results highlight the potential synergistic role of BBB compromise and the influx of bloodborne Aβ42 into the brain in both the initiation and progression of neuropathologic and cognitive changes associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish K Acharya
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging (NJISA), Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Henya C Grossman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter M Clifford
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- HNL Lab Medicine, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Eli C Levin
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Kenneth R Light
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hana Choi
- Rowan-Virtua Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Randel L Swanson Ii
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rehab Medicine Service, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary C Kosciuk
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Academic and Student Affairs, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - David J Libon
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Louis D Matzel
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging (NJISA), Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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58
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Schlein E, Andersson KG, Dallas T, Syvänen S, Sehlin D. Reducing neonatal Fc receptor binding enhances clearance and brain-to-blood ratio of TfR-delivered bispecific amyloid-β antibody. MAbs 2024; 16:2339337. [PMID: 38634473 PMCID: PMC11028011 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2339337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-targeted immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have highlighted the need for accurate diagnostic methods. Antibody-based positron emission tomography (PET) ligands are well suited for this purpose as they can be directed toward the same target as the therapeutic antibody. Bispecific, brain-penetrating antibodies can achieve sufficient brain concentrations, but their slow blood clearance remains a challenge, since it prolongs the time required to achieve a target-specific PET signal. Here, two antibodies were designed based on the Aβ antibody bapineuzumab (Bapi) - one monospecific IgG (Bapi) and one bispecific antibody with an antigen binding fragment (Fab) of the transferrin receptor (TfR) antibody 8D3 fused to one of the heavy chains (Bapi-Fab8D3) for active, TfR-mediated transport into the brain. A variant of each antibody was designed to harbor a mutation to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding domain, to increase clearance. Blood and brain pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled antibodies were studied in wildtype (WT) and AD mice (AppNL-G-F). The FcRn mutation substantially reduced blood half-life of both Bapi and Bapi-Fab8D3. Bapi-Fab8D3 showed high brain uptake and the brain-to-blood ratio of its FcRn mutated form was significantly higher in AppNL-G-F mice than in WT mice 12 h after injection and increased further up to 168 h. Ex vivo autoradiography showed specific antibody retention in areas with abundant Aβ pathology. Taken together, these results suggest that reducing FcRn binding of a full-sized bispecific antibody increases the systemic elimination and could thereby drastically reduce the time from injection to in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schlein
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tiffany Dallas
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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59
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Taha A, Alassi A, Gjedde A, Wong DF. Transforming Neurology and Psychiatry: Organ-specific PET Instrumentation and Clinical Applications. PET Clin 2024; 19:95-103. [PMID: 37813719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PET technology has immense potential for furthering understanding of the brain and associated disorders, including advancements in high-resolution tomographs and hybrid imaging modalities. Novel radiotracers targeting specific neurotransmitter systems and molecular markers provide opportunities to unveil intricate mechanisms underlying neurologic and psychiatric conditions. As PET imaging techniques and analysis methods continue to be refined, the field is poised to make significant contributions to personalized medicine for more targeted and effective interventions. PET instrumentation has advanced the fields of neurology and psychiatry, providing insights into pathophysiology and development of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Taha
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amer Alassi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean F Wong
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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60
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Sánchez-Soblechero A, López-García S, Lage C, Fernández-Matarrubia M, Irure J, López-Hoyos M, Jiménez-Bonilla J, Quirce R, de Arcocha-Torres M, Cuenca-Vera O, Martín-Arroyo J, Martínez-Dubarbie F, Pozueta A, García-Martínez M, Infante J, Sánchez-Juan P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E. Where Should I Draw the Line: PET-Driven, Data-Driven, or Manufacturer Cut-Off? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:957-967. [PMID: 38489172 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background The optimal cut-off for Alzheimer's disease (AD) CSF biomarkers remains controversial. Objective To analyze the performance of cut-off points standardized by three methods: one that optimized the agreement between 11C-Pittsburgh compound B PET (a-PET) and CSF biomarkers (Aβ1-42, pTau, tTau, and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio) in our population, called PET-driven; an unbiased cut-off using data from a healthy research cohort, called data-driven, and that provided by the manufacturer. We also compare changes in ATN classification. Methods CSF biomarkers measured by the LUMIPULSE G600II platform and qualitative visualization of amyloid positron emission tomography (a-PET) were performed in all the patients. We established a cut-off for each single biomarker and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio that optimized their agreement with a-PET using ROC curves. Sensitivity, Specificity, and Overall Percent of Agreement are assessed using a-PET or clinical diagnosis as gold standard for every cut-off. Also, we established a data-driven cut-off from our cognitively unimpaired cohort. We then analyzed changes in ATN classification. Results One hundred and ten patients were recruited. Sixty-six (60%) were a-PET positive. PET-driven cut-offs were: pTau > 57, tTau > 362.62, Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 < 0.069. For a single biomarker, pTau showed the highest accuracy (AUC 0.926). New PET-driven cut-offs classified patients similarly to manufacturer cut-offs (only two patients changed). However, 20 patients (18%) changed when data-driven cut-offs were used. Conclusions We established our sample's best CSF biomarkers cut-offs using a-PET as the gold standard. These cut-offs categorize better symptomatic subjects than data-driven in ATN classification, but they are very similar to the manufacturer's.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara López-García
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Matarrubia
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Irure
- Immunology Department, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Immunology Department, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Julio Jiménez-Bonilla
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Department, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Remedios Quirce
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Department, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - María de Arcocha-Torres
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Department, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Oriana Cuenca-Vera
- Nuclear Medicine Department, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Arroyo
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Dubarbie
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pozueta
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Martínez
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Neurology Department, Cognitive Impairment Unit, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Institute for Research 'Marqués de Valdecilla' (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Figdore DJ, Wiste HJ, Bornhorst JA, Bateman RJ, Li Y, Graff‐Radford J, Knopman DS, Vemuri P, Lowe VJ, Jr CRJ, Petersen RC, Algeciras‐Schimnich A. Performance of the Lumipulse plasma Aβ42/40 and pTau181 immunoassays in the detection of amyloid pathology. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12545. [PMID: 38304322 PMCID: PMC10831129 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the performance of the Lumipulse plasma beta-amyloid (Aβ) 42/40 and pTau181 compared to other assays to detect an abnormal amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Plasma samples from cognitively unimpaired (N = 179) and MCI/AD dementia (N = 36) individuals were retrospectively evaluated. Plasma Aβ42/40 and pTau181 were measured using the Lumipulse and Simoa immunoassays. An immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assay for plasma Aβ42/40 was also evaluated. Amyloid-PET status was the outcome measure. RESULTS Lumipulse and IP-MS Aβ42/40 exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy for detecting an abnormal amyloid-PET (areas under the curve [AUCs] of 0.81 and 0.84, respectively). The Lumipulse and Simoa pTau181 assays exhibited lower performance (AUCs of 0.74 and 0.72, respectively). The Simoa Aβ42/40 assay demonstrated the lowest diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.57). Combining Aβ42/40 and pTau181 did not significantly improve performance over Aβ42/40 alone for Lumipulse (AUC 0.83) or over pTau181 alone for Simoa (AUC 0.71). DISCUSSION The Lumipulse Aβ42/40 assay showed similar performance to the IP-MS Aβ42/40 assay for detection of an abnormal amyloid-PET; and both assays performed better than the two p-tau181 immunoassays. The Simoa Aβ42/Aβ40 assay was the least accurate at predicting an abnormal amyloid-PET status. Highlights Lumipulse plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 AUC for abnormal amyloid-PET detection was 0.81.This performance was comparable to previously reported IP-MS and higher than Simoa.Performance of Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers varies between assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Figdore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Heather J. Wiste
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Joshua A. Bornhorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Mattsson P, Cselényi Z, Forsberg Morén A, Freund-Levi Y, Wahlund LO, Halldin C, Farde L. High Contrast PET Imaging of Subcortical and Allocortical Amyloid-β in Early Alzheimer's Disease Using [11C]AZD2184. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1391-1401. [PMID: 38552111 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) appear early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of cortical and subcortical Aβ in early AD using positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Eight cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, 8 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 8 with mild AD were examined with PET and [11C]AZD2184. A data driven cut-point for Aβ positivity was defined by Gaussian mixture model of isocortex binding potential (BPND) values. Results Sixteen subjects (3 CU, 5 MCI and 8 AD) were Aβ-positive. BPND was lower in subcortical and allocortical regions compared to isocortex. Fifteen of the 16 Aβ-positive subjects displayed Aβ binding in striatum, 14 in thalamus and 10 in allocortical regions. Conclusions Aβ deposits appear to be widespread in early AD. It cannot be excluded that deposits appear simultaneously throughout the whole brain which has implications for improved diagnostics and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Forsberg Morén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro and Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zukowski LA, Brinkerhoff SA, Levin I, Herter TM, Hetrick L, Lockhart SN, Miller ME, Laurienti PJ, Kritchevsky SB, Hugenschmidt CE. Amyloid-β Deposition Predicts Grocery Shopping Performance in Older Adults Without Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:53-75. [PMID: 38820016 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Background A screening tool sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and subtle cognitive changes, best elicited by complex everyday tasks, is needed. Objective To determine if grocery shopping performance could differentiate older adults at elevated risk of developing AD (OAer), older adults at low risk of developing AD (OAlr), and young adults (YA), and if amount of Aβ deposition could predict grocery shopping performance in older adults (OA). Methods Twenty-one OAer (78±5 years), 33 OAlr (78±5 years), and 28 YA (31±3 years) performed four grocery shopping trials, with the best and worst performances analyzed. Measures included trial time, number of correct items, number of grocery note fixations, and number of fixations and percentage of time fixating on the correct shelving unit, correct brand, and correct shelf. Linear mixed effects models compared measures by performance rank (best, worst) and group (OAer, OAlr, YA), and estimated the effect of Aβ deposition on measures in OA. Results Relative to their best performance, OAer and OAlr exhibited more correct shelving unit fixations and correct brand fixations during their worst performance, while YA did not. Within OA's worst performance, greater Aβ deposition was associated with a smaller percentage of time fixating on the correct shelving unit, correct shelf, and correct brand. Within OA, greater Aβ deposition was associated with more grocery note fixations. Conclusions OA with elevated Aβ deposition may exhibit subtle working memory impairments and less efficient visual search strategies while performing a cognitively demanding everyday task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Zukowski
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Sarah A Brinkerhoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ilana Levin
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Troy M Herter
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lena Hetrick
- Department of Neuroscience, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Miller
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christina E Hugenschmidt
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Almahasneh F, Gerges RH, Abu-El-Rub E, Khasawneh RR. Nicotine Abuse and Neurodegeneration: Novel Pharmacogenetic Targets to Aid Quitting and Reduce the Risk of Dementia. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:2-8. [PMID: 36803746 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230220121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence has deleterious neurological impacts. Previous studies found an association between cigarette smoking and accelerating age-related thinning of the brain's cortex and subsequent cognitive decline. Smoking is considered the third most common risk factor for dementia, which prompted the inclusion of smoking cessation in dementia prevention strategies. Traditional pharmacologic options for smoking cessation include nicotine transdermal patches, bupropion and varenicline. However, based on smokers' genetic makeup, pharmacogenetics can be used to develop novel therapies to replace these traditional approaches. Genetic variability of cytochrome P450 2A6 has a major impact on smokers' behavior and their response to quitting therapies. Gene polymorphism in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits also has a great influence on the ability to quit smoking. In addition, polymorphism of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors was found to affect the risk of dementia and the impact of tobacco smoking on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Nicotine dependence involves the activation of pleasure response through the stimulation of dopamine release. Central dopamine receptors, catechol-o-methyltransferase and the dopamine transporter protein, regulate synaptic dopamine levels. The genes of these molecules are potential targets for novel smoking cessation drugs. Pharmacogenetic studies of smoking cessation also investigated other molecules, such as ANKK1 and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). In this perspective article, we aim to highlight the promising role of pharmacogenetics in the development of effective drugs for smoking cessation, which can increase the success rate of smoking quitting plans and ultimately reduce the incidence of neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Almahasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Romany H Gerges
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ramada R Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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Zhuang C, Chen B, Wu S, Xu L, Zhang X, Zheng X, Chen Y, Geng Y, Guan J, Lin Y, Wilman AH, Wu R. Repurposing of the PET Probe Prototype PiB for Label and Radiation-Free CEST MRI Molecular Imaging of Amyloid. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4344-4351. [PMID: 38061891 PMCID: PMC10741654 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) probes are specific and sensitive while suffering from radiation risk. It is worthwhile to explore the chemical emission saturation transfer (CEST) effects of the probe prototypes and repurpose them for CEST imaging to avoid radiation. In this study, we used 11C-PiB as an example of a PET probe for detecting amyloid and tested the feasibility of repurposing this PET probe prototype, PiB, for CEST imaging. After optimizing the parameters through preliminary phantom experiments, we used APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched C57 mice for in vivo CEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of amyloid. Furthermore, the pathological assessment was conducted on the same brain slices to evaluate the correlation between the CEST MRI signal abnormality and β-amyloid deposition detected by immunohistochemical staining. In our results, the Z-spectra revealed an apparent CEST effect that peaked at approximately 6 ppm. APP/PS1 mice as young as 9 months injected with PiB showed a significantly higher CEST effect compared to the control groups. The hyperintense region was correlated with the Aβ deposition shown by pathological staining. In conclusion, repurposing the PET probe prototype for CEST MRI imaging is feasible and enables label- and radiation-free detection of the amyloid while maintaining the sensitivity and specificity of the ligand. This study opens the door to developing CEST probes based on PET probe prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zhuang
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department
of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shuohua Wu
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department
of Medical Imaging, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xinhui Zheng
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Laboratory
of Molecular Pathology, Shantou University
Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Provincial
Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Alan H. Wilman
- The Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department
of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Provincial
Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou 515041, China
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Yu Z, Blade G, Bouley BS, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW, Mirica LM. Coordination Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing Bifunctional Chelators: Toward in Vivo Stabilization of 64Cu PET Imaging Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20820-20833. [PMID: 38060375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The broader utilization of 64Cu positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents has been hindered by the unproductive demetalation induced by bioreductants. To advance the development of 64Cu-based PET imaging tracers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), there is a need for novel ligand design strategies. In this study, we developed sulfur-containing dithiapyridinophane (N2S2) bifunctional chelators (BFCs) as well as all nitrogen-based diazapyridinophane (N4) BFCs to compare their abilities to chelate Cu and target Aβ aggregates. Through spectrophotometric titrations and electrochemical measurements, we have demonstrated that the N2S2-based BFCs exhibit >10 orders of magnitude higher binding affinity toward Cu(I) compared to their N4-based counterparts, while both types of BFCs exhibit high stability constants toward Cu(II). Notably, solid state structures for both Cu(II) and Cu(I) complexes supported by the two ligand frameworks were obtained, providing molecular insights into their copper chelating abilities. Aβ binding experiments were conducted to study the structure-affinity relationship, and fluorescence microscopy imaging studies confirmed the selective labeling of the BFCs and their copper complexes. Furthermore, we investigated the potential of these ligands for the 64Cu-based PET imaging of AD through radiolabeling and autoradiography studies. We believe our findings provide molecular insights into the design of bifunctional Cu chelators that can effectively stabilize both Cu(II) and Cu(I) and, thus, can have significant implications for the development of 64Cu PET imaging as a diagnostic tool for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Glenn Blade
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bailey S Bouley
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Iwona T Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, The Neuroscience Program, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Souchet B, Michaïl A, Billoir B, Braudeau J. Biological Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Amyloid Status: An Illustration of Confirmation Bias in Medical Research? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17544. [PMID: 38139372 PMCID: PMC10744068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first characterized by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 by studying a demented patient and discovering cerebral amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Subsequent research highlighted the roles of Aβ peptides and tau proteins, which are the primary constituents of these lesions, which led to the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Technological advances, such as PET scans using Florbetapir, have made it possible to visualize amyloid plaques in living patients, thus improving AD's risk assessment. The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association introduced biological diagnostic criteria in 2011, which underlined the amyloid deposits diagnostic value. However, potential confirmation bias may have led researchers to over-rely on amyloid markers independent of AD's symptoms, despite evidence of their limited specificity. This review provides a critical examination of the current research paradigm in AD, including, in particular, the predominant focus on amyloid and tau species in diagnostics. We discuss the potential multifaceted consequences of this approach and propose strategies to mitigate its overemphasis in the development of new biomarkers. Furthermore, our study presents comprehensive guidelines aimed at enhancing the creation of biomarkers for accurately predicting AD dementia onset. These innovations are crucial for refining patient selection processes in clinical trial enrollment and for the optimization of therapeutic strategies. Overcoming confirmation bias is essential to advance the diagnosis and treatment of AD and to move towards precision medicine by incorporating a more nuanced understanding of amyloid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jérôme Braudeau
- AgenT SAS, 4 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France; (B.S.); (A.M.); (B.B.)
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Rani N, Alm KH, Corona-Long CA, Speck CL, Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Zhu Y, Albert M, Bakker A. Tau PET burden in Brodmann areas 35 and 36 is associated with individual differences in cognition in non-demented older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1272946. [PMID: 38161595 PMCID: PMC10757623 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1272946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The accumulation of neurofibrillary tau tangles, a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), occurs in medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions early in the disease process, with some of the earliest deposits localized to subregions of the entorhinal cortex. Although functional specialization of entorhinal cortex subregions has been reported, few studies have considered functional associations with localized tau accumulation. Methods In this study, stepwise linear regressions were used to examine the contributions of regional tau burden in specific MTL subregions, as measured by 18F-MK6240 PET, to individual variability in cognition. Dependent measures of interest included the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and composite scores of delayed episodic memory and language. Other model variables included age, sex, education, APOE4 status, and global amyloid burden, indexed by 11C-PiB. Results Tau burden in right Brodmann area 35 (BA35), left and right Brodmann area 36 (BA36), and age each uniquely contributed to the proportion of explained variance in CDR-SB scores, while right BA36 and age were also significant predictors of MMSE scores, and right BA36 was significantly associated with delayed episodic memory performance. Tau burden in both left and right BA36, along with education, uniquely contributed to the proportion of explained variance in language composite scores. Importantly, the addition of more inclusive ROIs, encompassing less granular segmentation of the entorhinal cortex, did not significantly contribute to explained variance in cognition across any of the models. Discussion These findings suggest that the ability to quantify tau burden in more refined MTL subregions may better account for individual differences in cognition, which may improve the identification of non-demented older adults who are on a trajectory of decline due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kylie H. Alm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Caitlin A. Corona-Long
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Caroline L. Speck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhang M, Mi N, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y. Advances in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on oral bacteria. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291455. [PMID: 38156323 PMCID: PMC10754487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global population undergoing demographic shift towards aging, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prominent neurodegenerative disorder that primarily afflicts individuals aged 65 and above, has increased across various geographical regions. This phenomenon is accompanied by a concomitant decline in immune functionality and oral hygiene capacity among the elderly, precipitating compromised oral functionality and an augmented burden of dental plaque. Accordingly, oral afflictions, including dental caries and periodontal disease, manifest with frequency among the geriatric population worldwide. Recent scientific investigations have unveiled the potential role of oral bacteria in instigating both local and systemic chronic inflammation, thereby delineating a putative nexus between oral health and the genesis and progression of AD. They further proposed the oral microbiome as a potentially modifiable risk factor in AD development, although the precise pathological mechanisms and degree of association have yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes current research on the relationship between oral bacteria and AD, describing the epidemiological and pathological mechanisms that may potentially link them. The purpose is to enrich early diagnostic approaches by incorporating emerging biomarkers, offering novel insights for clinicians in the early detection of AD. Additionally, it explores the potential of vaccination strategies and guidance for clinical pharmacotherapy. It proposes the development of maintenance measures specifically targeting oral health in older adults and advocates for guiding elderly patients in adopting healthy lifestyle habits, ultimately aiming to indirectly mitigate the progression of AD while promoting oral health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang J, Wickizer C, Ding W, Van R, Yang L, Zhu B, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang C, Shen S, Wang C, Shao Y, Ran C. In vivo three-dimensional brain imaging with chemiluminescence probes in Alzheimer's disease models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310131120. [PMID: 38048460 PMCID: PMC10723133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310131120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical three-dimensional (3D) molecular imaging is highly desirable for providing precise distribution of the target-of-interest in disease models. However, such 3D imaging is still far from wide applications in biomedical research; 3D brain optical molecular imaging, in particular, has rarely been reported. In this report, we designed chemiluminescence probes with high quantum yields, relatively long emission wavelengths, and high signal-to-noise ratios to fulfill the requirements for 3D brain imaging in vivo. With assistance from density-function theory (DFT) computation, we designed ADLumin-Xs by locking up the rotation of the double bond via fusing the furan ring to the phenyl ring. Our results showed that ADLumin-5 had a high quantum yield of chemiluminescence and could bind to amyloid beta (Aβ). Remarkably, ADLumin-5's radiance intensity in brain areas could reach 4 × 107 photon/s/cm2/sr, which is probably 100-fold higher than most chemiluminescence probes for in vivo imaging. Because of its strong emission, we demonstrated that ADLumin-5 could be used for in vivo 3D brain imaging in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Carly Wickizer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK73019
| | - Weihua Ding
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Richard Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK73019
| | - Liuyue Yang
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Biyue Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Yongle Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Yulong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, McCance Center for Brain Health Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH Center for Translational Pain Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Changning Wang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK73019
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA02129
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71
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Bhattarai P, Taha A, Soni B, Thakuri DS, Ritter E, Chand GB. Predicting cognitive dysfunction and regional hubs using Braak staging amyloid-beta biomarkers and machine learning. Brain Inform 2023; 10:33. [PMID: 38043122 PMCID: PMC10694120 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presence of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) in Braak regions suggests a connection with cognitive dysfunction in MCI/AD. Investigating the multivariate predictive relationships between regional Aβ biomarkers and cognitive function can aid in the early detection and prevention of AD. We introduced machine learning approaches to estimate cognitive dysfunction from regional Aβ biomarkers and identify the Aβ-related dominant brain regions involved with cognitive impairment. We employed Aβ biomarkers and cognitive measurements from the same individuals to train support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models and predict cognitive performance solely based on Aβ biomarkers on the test set. To identify Aβ-related dominant brain regions involved in cognitive prediction, we built the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) model. We found elevated Aβ in MCI compared to controls and a stronger correlation between Aβ and cognition, particularly in Braak stages III-IV and V-VII (p < 0.05) biomarkers. Both SVR and ANN, especially ANN, showed strong predictive relationships between regional Aβ biomarkers and cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). LIME integrated with ANN showed that the parahippocampal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and hippocampus were the most decisive Braak regions for predicting cognitive decline. Consistent with previous findings, this new approach suggests relationships between Aβ biomarkers and cognitive impairment. The proposed analytical framework can estimate cognitive impairment from Braak staging Aβ biomarkers and delineate the dominant brain regions collectively involved in AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puskar Bhattarai
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ahmed Taha
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bhavin Soni
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deepa S Thakuri
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Erin Ritter
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ganesh B Chand
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Imaging Core, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Singh S, Mahajan M, Kumar D, Singh K, Chowdhary M, Amit. An inclusive study of recent advancements in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102369. [PMID: 37611472 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has remained elusive in revealing its pathophysiology and mechanism of development. In this review paper, we attempt to highlight several theories that abound about the exact pathway of AD development. The number of cases worldwide has prompted a constant flow of research to detect high-risk patients, slow the progression of the disease and discover improved methods of treatment that may prove effective. We shall focus on the two main classes of drugs that are currently in use; and emerging ones with novel mechanisms that are under development. As of late there has also been increased attention towards factors that were previously thought to be unrelated to AD, such as the gut microbiome, lifestyle habits, and diet. Studies have now shown that all these factors make an impact on AD progression, thus bringing to our attention more areas that could hold the key to combating this disease. This paper covers all the aforementioned factors concisely. We also briefly explore the relationship between mental health and AD, both before and after the diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mitali Mahajan
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dhawal Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kunika Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mehvish Chowdhary
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amit
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Dellal F, Santo Domingo Porqueras D, Narayanin-Richenapin S, Thimotee M, Delahaye V, Diouf Y, Piasta K, Gumienna-Kontecka E, Kozlowski H, Beyler M, Tripier R, Moyeux A, Gager O, Besnard V, Salerno M. Multistep synthesis of a novel copper complex with potential for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:777-790. [PMID: 37978078 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Aβ plaques, is recognized as a tool for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. As a contribution to the development of new strategies for early diagnosis of the disease, using PET medical imaging technique, a new copper complex, the [Cu(TE1PA-ONO)]+ was synthesized in ten steps. The key step of our strategy is the coupling of a monopicolinate-N-alkylated cyclam-based ligand with a moiety capable of recognizing Aβ plaques via a successful and challenging Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction. To our knowledge, it is the first time that such a strategy is used to functionalize polyazamacrocyclic derivatives. The thermodynamic stability constants determined in MeOH/H2O solvent indicate that the attachment of this moiety does not weaken the chelating properties of TE1PA-ONO ligand in relation to parent HTE1PA. The novel complex described here is able to recognize amyloid plaques in brain sections from Alzheimer's disease patients and shows low toxicity to human neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Dellal
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Diego Santo Domingo Porqueras
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Stacy Narayanin-Richenapin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Marine Thimotee
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Vanessa Delahaye
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Yacine Diouf
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Karolina Piasta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Henryk Kozlowski
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060, Opole, Poland
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Raphael Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Alban Moyeux
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Gager
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Valérie Besnard
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR1272, Laboratoire Hypoxie et Poumon, Plateforme TisCel 13, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Milena Salerno
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe NBD, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France.
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Darvesh S, Banfield S, Dufour M, Forrestall KL, Maillet H, Reid GA, Sands D, Pottie IR. A method for the efficient evaluation of substrate-based cholinesterase imaging probes for Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2225797. [PMID: 38061987 PMCID: PMC10294744 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes have been identified as diagnostic markers for Alzheimer disease (AD). Substrate-based probes have been synthesised to detect ChEs but they have not detected changes in ChE distribution associated with AD pathology. Probes are typically screened using spectrophotometric methods with pure enzyme for specificity and kinetics. However, the biochemical properties of ChEs associated with AD pathology are altered. The present work was undertaken to determine whether the Karnovsky-Roots (KR) histochemical method could be used to evaluate probes at the site of pathology. Thirty thioesters and esters were synthesised and evaluated using enzyme kinetic and KR methods. Spectrophotometric methods demonstrated all thioesters were ChE substrates, yet only a few provided staining in the brain with the KR method. Esters were ChE substrates with interactions with brain ChEs. These results suggest that the KR method may provide an efficient means to screen compounds as probes for imaging AD-associated ChEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine & Neurology), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount St. Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Scott Banfield
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Maeve Dufour
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Katrina L. Forrestall
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hillary Maillet
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G. Andrew Reid
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Dane Sands
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ian R. Pottie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount St. Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Li M, Li Y, Schindler SE, Yen D, Sutcliffe S, Babulal GM, Benzinger TL, Lenze EJ, Bateman RJ. Design and feasibility of an Alzheimer's disease blood test study in a diverse community-based population. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5387-5398. [PMID: 37204806 PMCID: PMC10657331 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood tests are likely to become increasingly important in clinical practice, but they need to be evaluated in diverse groups before use in the general population. METHODS This study enrolled a community-based sample of older adults in the St. Louis, Missouri, USA area. Participants completed a blood draw, Eight-Item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8® ), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and survey about their perceptions of the blood test. A subset of participants completed additional blood collection, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR® ). RESULTS Of the 859 participants enrolled in this ongoing study, 20.6% self-identified as Black or African American. The AD8 and MoCA correlated moderately with the CDR. The blood test was well accepted by the cohort, but it was perceived more positively by White and highly educated individuals. DISCUSSION Studying an AD blood test in a diverse population is feasible and may accelerate accurate diagnosis and implementation of effective treatments. HIGHLIGHTS A diverse group of older adults was recruited to evaluate a blood amyloid test. The enrollment rate was high and the blood test was well accepted by participants. Cognitive impairment screens have moderate performance in a diverse population. Alzheimer's disease blood tests are likely to be feasible for use in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Tracy Family Stable Isotope Labeling Quantitation Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Tracy Family Stable Isotope Labeling Quantitation Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Yen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Department of Surgery – Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ganesh M. Babulal
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric J. Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Tracy Family Stable Isotope Labeling Quantitation Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Borchert RJ, Azevedo T, Badhwar A, Bernal J, Betts M, Bruffaerts R, Burkhart MC, Dewachter I, Gellersen HM, Low A, Lourida I, Machado L, Madan CR, Malpetti M, Mejia J, Michopoulou S, Muñoz-Neira C, Pepys J, Peres M, Phillips V, Ramanan S, Tamburin S, Tantiangco HM, Thakur L, Tomassini A, Vipin A, Tang E, Newby D, Ranson JM, Llewellyn DJ, Veldsman M, Rittman T. Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5885-5904. [PMID: 37563912 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroimaging offer new opportunities for diagnosis and prognosis of dementia. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies reporting AI for neuroimaging in diagnosis and/or prognosis of cognitive neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS A total of 255 studies were identified. Most studies relied on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Algorithmic classifiers were the most commonly used AI method (48%) and discriminative models performed best for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from controls. The accuracy of algorithms varied with the patient cohort, imaging modalities, and stratifiers used. Few studies performed validation in an independent cohort. DISCUSSION The literature has several methodological limitations including lack of sufficient algorithm development descriptions and standard definitions. We make recommendations to improve model validation including addressing key clinical questions, providing sufficient description of AI methods and validating findings in independent datasets. Collaborative approaches between experts in AI and medicine will help achieve the promising potential of AI tools in practice. HIGHLIGHTS There has been a rapid expansion in the use of machine learning for diagnosis and prognosis in neurodegenerative disease Most studies (71%) relied on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset with no other individual dataset used more than five times There has been a recent rise in the use of more complex discriminative models (e.g., neural networks) that performed better than other classifiers for classification of AD vs healthy controls We make recommendations to address methodological considerations, addressing key clinical questions, and validation We also make recommendations for the field more broadly to standardize outcome measures, address gaps in the literature, and monitor sources of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Borchert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiago Azevedo
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - AmanPreet Badhwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie (CRIUGM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Jose Bernal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Betts
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Computational Neurology, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Dewachter
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helena M Gellersen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Audrey Low
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luiza Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jhony Mejia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sofia Michopoulou
- Imaging Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Neira
- Research into Memory, Brain sciences and dementia Group (ReMemBr Group), Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Artificial Intelligence & Computational Neuroscience Group (AICN Group), Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jack Pepys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Marion Peres
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Siddharth Ramanan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Lokendra Thakur
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandro Tomassini
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Eugene Tang
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David J Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Michele Veldsman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Dybing KM, Vetter CJ, Dempsey DA, Chaudhuri S, Saykin AJ, Risacher SL. Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers: A systematic review of findings from amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.30.23298528. [PMID: 38077068 PMCID: PMC10705648 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.23298528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been discussed as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its association with dementia risk and earlier cognitive symptom onset. However, the mechanisms behind this relationship are unclear. Some studies have suggested TBI may increase pathological protein deposition in an AD-like pattern; others have failed to find such associations. This review covers literature that uses positron emission tomography (PET) of amyloid-β and/or tau to examine subjects with history of TBI who are at risk for AD due to advanced age. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on January 9, 2023, and 24 resulting citations met inclusion criteria. Common methodological concerns included small samples, limited clinical detail about subjects' TBI, recall bias due to reliance on self-reported TBI, and an inability to establish causation. For both amyloid and tau, results were widespread but inconsistent. The regions which showed the most compelling evidence for increased amyloid deposition were the cingulate gyrus, cuneus/precuneus, and parietal lobe. Evidence for increased tau was strongest in the medial temporal lobe, entorhinal cortex, precuneus, and frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. However, conflicting findings across most regions of interest in both amyloid- and tau-PET studies indicate the critical need for future work in expanded samples and with greater clinical detail to offer a clearer picture of the relationship between TBI and protein deposition in older subjects at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Dybing
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Cecelia J. Vetter
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Desarae A. Dempsey
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Soumilee Chaudhuri
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Myburgh PJ, Moore MD, Pathirannahel BL, Grace LR, Solingapuram Sai KK. Fully automated production of [ 11C]PiB for clinical use on Trasis-AllinOne synthesizer module. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111040. [PMID: 37788544 PMCID: PMC10727203 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) was the first broadly applied radiotracer with specificity for amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregates in the brain and has since been established as the gold standard for positron emission tomography (PET) employed for clinical in vivo imaging of Aβ plaques, used for imaging applications of Alzheimer's disease (AD), related dementia, and other tauopathies. The use of [11C]PiB for routine PET studies is dependent on the production capabilities of each radiochemistry laboratory, subsequently a continuous effort is made to develop suitable and sustainable methods on a variety of auto synthesis platforms. Here we report a fully automated, multi-step radio synthesis, purification, and reformulation of [11C]PiB for PET imaging using the Trasis AllinOne synthesis unit, a commonly used commercial radiochemistry module. We performed three validation runs to evaluate the reproducibility and to verify that the acceptable criteria were met for the release of clinical-grade [11C]PiB using a Trasis AllinOne auto radiosynthesis unit. Solid phase supported radiolabeling was performed through the capture of precursor (6-OH-BTA-0) on a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and subsequent flushing of gaseous [11C]Methyl triflate(MeOTf) through the Sep-Pak for carbon-11 (11C) N-methylation. Starting with 92.5 GBq [11C]CO2, [11C]PiB synthesis was completed in approximately 25 min after cyclotron end of bombardment with an injectable dose >7.0 GBq at end of the synthesis. The radiopharmaceutical product met all quality control criteria and specifications for use in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Josef Myburgh
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael David Moore
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Laura Rose Grace
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Radiology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Li C, Chen Z, He S, Chen Y, Liu J. Unveiling the influence of daily dietary patterns on brain cortical structure: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Food Funct 2023; 14:10418-10429. [PMID: 37960880 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a significant concern in aging populations. This study utilized Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the impact of dietary habits and macro-nutrients on cortical structure. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach was employed, incorporating large-scale genetic data on dietary habits and brain cortical structure. The results did not reveal significant causal relationships between dietary factors and overall cortical structure and thickness. However, specific dietary factors showed associations with cortical structure in certain regions. For instance, fat intake affected six cortical regions, while milk, protein, fruits, and water were associated with changes in specific regions. Reverse analysis suggested that cortical thickness influenced the consumption of alcohol, carbohydrates, coffee, and fish. These findings contribute to understanding the potential mechanisms underlying the role of dietary factors in cognitive function changes and provide evidence supporting the existence of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaqi He
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
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80
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Giannopoulou P, Vrahatis AG, Papalaskari MA, Vlamos P. The RODI mHealth app Insight: Machine-Learning-Driven Identification of Digital Indicators for Neurodegenerative Disorder Detection. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2985. [PMID: 37998477 PMCID: PMC10671821 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive Disorders (NCDs) pose a significant global health concern, and early detection is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. In parallel, mobile health apps (mHealth apps) have emerged as a promising avenue for assisting individuals with cognitive deficits. Under this perspective, we pioneered the development of the RODI mHealth app, a unique method for detecting aligned with the criteria for NCDs using a series of brief tasks. Utilizing the RODI app, we conducted a study from July to October 2022 involving 182 individuals with NCDs and healthy participants. The study aimed to assess performance differences between healthy older adults and NCD patients, identify significant performance disparities during the initial administration of the RODI app, and determine critical features for outcome prediction. Subsequently, the results underwent machine learning processes to unveil underlying patterns associated with NCDs. We prioritize the tasks within RODI based on their alignment with the criteria for NCDs, thus acting as key digital indicators for the disorder. We achieve this by employing an ensemble strategy that leverages the feature importance mechanism from three contemporary classification algorithms. Our analysis revealed that tasks related to visual working memory were the most significant in distinguishing between healthy individuals and those with an NCD. On the other hand, processes involving mental calculations, executive working memory, and recall were less influential in the detection process. Our study serves as a blueprint for future mHealth apps, offering a guide for enhancing the detection of digital indicators for disorders and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giannopoulou
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (P.G.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Aristidis G. Vrahatis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (P.G.); (A.G.V.)
| | | | - Panagiotis Vlamos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece; (P.G.); (A.G.V.)
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Pittock RR, Aakre JA, Castillo AM, Ramanan VK, Kremers WK, Jack CR, Vemuri P, Lowe VJ, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford J, Vassilaki M. Eligibility for Anti-Amyloid Treatment in a Population-Based Study of Cognitive Aging. Neurology 2023; 101:e1837-e1849. [PMID: 37586881 PMCID: PMC10663008 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treatment options for Alzheimer disease (AD) are limited and have focused mainly on symptomatic therapy and improving quality of life. Recently, lecanemab, an anti-β-amyloid monoclonal antibody (mAb), received accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment in the early stages of biomarker-confirmed symptomatic AD. An additional anti-β-amyloid mAb, aducanumab, was approved in 2021, and more will potentially become available in the near future. Research on the applicability and generalizability of the anti-β-amyloid mAb eligibility criteria on adults with biomarkers available in the general population has been lacking. The study's primary aim was to apply the clinical trial eligibility criteria for lecanemab treatment to participants with early AD of the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) and assess the generalizability of anti-amyloid treatment. The secondary aim of this study was to apply the clinical trial eligibility criteria for aducanumab treatment in MCSA participants. METHODS This cross-sectional study aimed to apply the clinical trial eligibility criteria for lecanemab and aducanumab treatment to participants with early AD of the population-based MCSA and assess the generalizability of anti-amyloid treatment. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-seven MCSA participants (mean age [SD] 80.9 [6.3] years, 54.9% male, and 97.5% White) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia and increased brain amyloid burden by PiB PET comprised the study sample. Lecanemab trial's inclusion criteria reduced the study sample to 112 (47.3% of 237) participants. The trial's exclusion criteria further narrowed the number of potentially eligible participants to 19 (overall 8% of 237). Modifying the eligibility criteria to include all participants with MCI (instead of applying additional cognitive criteria) resulted in 17.4% of participants with MCI being eligible for lecanemab treatment. One hundred four participants (43.9% of 237) fulfilled the aducanumab clinical trial's inclusion criteria. The aducanumab trial's exclusion criteria further reduced the number of available participants, narrowing those eligible to 12 (5.1% of 237). Common exclusions were related to other chronic conditions and neuroimaging findings. DISCUSSION Findings estimate the limited eligibility in typical older adults with cognitive impairment for anti-β-amyloid mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rioghna R Pittock
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeremiah A Aakre
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anna M Castillo
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vijay K Ramanan
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Walter K Kremers
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Clifford R Jack
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Val J Lowe
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jonathan Graff-Radford
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- From the Department of Neurology (R.R.P., V.K.R., D.S.K., R.C.P., J.G.-R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; The College (R.R.P.), University of Chicago, IL; Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.A.A., A.M.C., W.K.K., R.C.P., M.V.) and Radiology (C.R.J., P.V., V.J.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Björk L, Shirani H, Todarwal Y, Linares M, Vidal R, Ghetti B, Norman P, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR. Distinct Heterocyclic Moieties Govern the Selectivity of Thiophene-Vinylene-Based Ligands Towards Aβ or Tau Pathology in Alzheime's Disease. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300583. [PMID: 38585413 PMCID: PMC10997339 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Distinct aggregated proteins are correlated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and the development of ligands that selectively detect these pathological hallmarks is vital. Recently, the synthesis of thiophene-based optical ligands, denoted bi-thiophene-vinyl-benzothiazoles (bTVBTs), that could be utilized for selective assignment of tau pathology in brain tissue with Alzheime's disease (AD) pathology, was reported. Herein, we investigate the ability of these ligands to selectively distinguish tau deposits from aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ), the second AD associated pathological hallmark, when replacing the terminal thiophene moiety with other heterocyclic motifs. The selectivity for tau pathology was reduced when introducing specific heterocyclic motifs, verifying that specific molecular interactions between the ligands and the aggregates are necessary for selective detection of tau deposits. In addition, ligands having certain heterocyclic moieties attached to the central thiophene-vinylene building block displayed selectivity to aggregated Aβ pathology. Our findings provide chemical insights for the development of ligands that can distinguish between aggregated proteinaceous species consisting of different proteins and might also aid in creating novel agents for clinical imaging of tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yogesh Todarwal
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202 Indiana, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202 Indiana, USA
| | - Patrick Norman
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Oeckl P, Bluma M, Bucci M, Halbgebauer S, Chiotis K, Sandebring-Matton A, Ashton NJ, Molfetta GD, Grötschel L, Kivipelto M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Savitcheva I, Nordberg A, Otto M. Blood β-synuclein is related to amyloid PET positivity in memory clinic patients. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4896-4907. [PMID: 37052206 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION β-synuclein is an emerging blood biomarker to study synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer´s disease (AD), but its relation to amyloid-β (Αβ) pathology is unclear. METHODS We investigated the association of plasma β-synuclein levels with [18F] flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with AD dementia (n = 51), mild cognitive impairment (MCI-Aβ+ n = 18, MCI- Aβ- n = 30), non-AD dementias (n = 22), and non-demented controls (n = 5). RESULTS Plasma β-synuclein levels were higher in Aβ+ (AD dementia, MCI-Aβ+) than in Aβ- subjects (non-AD dementias, MCI-Aβ-) with good discrimination of Aβ+ from Aβ- subjects and prediction of Aβ status in MCI individuals. A positive correlation between plasma β-synuclein and Aβ PET was observed in multiple cortical regions across all lobes. DISCUSSION Plasma β-synuclein demonstrated discriminative properties for Aβ PET positive and negative subjects. Our data underline that β-synuclein is not a direct marker of Aβ pathology and suggest different longitudinal dynamics of synaptic degeneration versus amyloid deposition across the AD continuum. HIGHLIGHTS Blood and CSF β-synuclein levels are higher in Aβ+ than in Aβ- subjects. Blood β-synuclein level correlates with amyloid PET positivity in multiple regions. Blood β-synuclein predicts Aβ status in MCI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oeckl
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Bluma
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Bucci
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guglielmo Di Molfetta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lana Grötschel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- University Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Eraslan Boz H, Koçoğlu K, Akkoyun M, Tüfekci IY, Ekin M, Akdal G. Eye movement patterns during viewing face images with neutral expressions in patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3232. [PMID: 37605291 PMCID: PMC10636417 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology affects the brain regions responsible for visuospatial skills. Accumulating evidence points to visual difficulties involving face processing in AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). No study has so far examined eye movement patterns when viewing faces with neutral expressions in patients with AD. AIM The objective of this study aimed to examine the eye movements of patients with early-stage AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HC) during viewing face images. MATERIALS&METHODS Thirty-one AD, 37 aMCI, and 33 HC were included in the study. Eye movements in facial stimuli were recorded with the EyeLink 1000 Plus eye-tracker. RESULTS Our findings showed that AD patients looked less at the eye area of interest than the nose and mouth areas of interest compared to aMCI and HC. Regardless of the group, all participants looked at the eye and nose areas of interest more and longer in the mouth area of interest. In addition, the first fixation duration to the eye area of interest of all participants was shorter than that of the nose and mouth. DISCUSSION Consistent with our study, studies in healthy adults revealed eye movement patterns that focused more on the eyes and nose. AD patients are unable to pay attention to the salient parts of faces, tending to focus instead on the non-informative parts. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to reveal eye movement differences in face processing in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Eraslan Boz
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
- Department of Neurology, Unit of NeuropsychologyDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
| | - Koray Koçoğlu
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
| | - Müge Akkoyun
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
| | - Işıl Yağmur Tüfekci
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
| | - Merve Ekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
- Department of NeurologyDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTürkiye
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85
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Smith MS, Knight IS, Kormos RC, Pepe JG, Kunach P, Diamond MI, Shahmoradian SH, Irwin JJ, DeGrado WF, Shoichet BK. Docking for molecules that bind in a symmetric stack with SymDOCK. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564400. [PMID: 37961414 PMCID: PMC10634874 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Discovering ligands for amyloid fibrils, such as those formed by the tau protein, is an area of much current interest. In recent structures, ligands bind in stacks in the tau fibrils to reflect the rotational and translational symmetry of the fibril itself; in these structures the ligands make few interactions with the protein but interact extensively with each other. To exploit this symmetry and stacking, we developed SymDOCK, a method to dock molecules that follow the protein's symmetry. For each prospective ligand pose, we apply the symmetry operation of the fibril to generate a self-interacting and fibril-interacting stack, checking that doing so will not cause a clash between the original molecule and its image. Absent a clash, we retain that pose and add the ligand-ligand van der Waals energy to the ligand's docking score (here using DOCK3.8). We can check these geometries and energies using an implementation of ANI, a neural network-based quantum-mechanical evaluation of the ligand stacking energies. In retrospective calculations, symmetry docking can reproduce the poses of three tau PET tracers whose structures have been determined. More convincingly, in a prospective study SymDOCK predicted the structure of the PET tracer MK-6240 bound in a symmetrical stack to AD PHF tau before that structure was determined; the docked pose was used to determine how MK-6240 fit the cryo-EM density. In proof-of-concept studies, SymDOCK enriched known ligands over property-matched decoys in retrospective screens without sacrificing docking speed, and can address large library screens that seek new symmetrical stackers. Future applications of this approach will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian S. Knight
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rian C. Kormos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G. Pepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kunach
- McGill Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marc I. Diamond
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah H. Shahmoradian
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John J. Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian K. Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Tagmazian AA, Schwarz C, Lange C, Pitkänen E, Vuoksimaa E. ArcheD, a residual neural network for prediction of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta from amyloid PET images. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.20.545686. [PMID: 37425778 PMCID: PMC10327176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.545686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection and measurement of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain is a key factor for early identification and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to develop a deep learning model to predict Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration directly from amyloid PET images, independent of tracers, brain reference regions or preselected regions of interest. We used 1870 Aβ PET images and CSF measurements to train and validate a convolutional neural network ("ArcheD"). We evaluated the ArcheD performance in relation to episodic memory and the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of cortical Aβ. We also compared the brain region's relevance for the model's CSF prediction within clinical-based and biological-based classifications. ArcheD-predicted Aβ CSF values correlated strongly with measured Aβ CSF values ( r =0.81; p <0.001) and showed correlations with SUVR and episodic memory measures in all participants except in those with AD. For both clinical and biological classifications, cerebral white matter significantly contributed to CSF prediction ( q <0.01), specifically in non-symptomatic and early stages of AD. However, in late-stage disease, brain stem, subcortical areas, cortical lobes, limbic lobe, and basal forebrain made more significant contributions (q<0.01). Considering cortical gray matter separately, the parietal lobe was the strongest predictor of CSF amyloid levels in those with prodromal or early AD, while the temporal lobe played a more crucial role for those with AD. In summary, ArcheD reliably predicted Aβ CSF concentration from Aβ PET scans, offering potential clinical utility for Aβ level determination and early AD detection.
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87
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Martínez-Dubarbie F, Guerra-Ruiz A, López-García S, Lage C, Fernández-Matarrubia M, Infante J, Pozueta-Cantudo A, García-Martínez M, Corrales-Pardo A, Bravo M, López-Hoyos M, Irure-Ventura J, Sánchez-Juan P, García-Unzueta MT, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E. Accuracy of plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and p-tau181 to detect CSF Alzheimer's pathological changes in cognitively unimpaired subjects using the Lumipulse automated platform. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:163. [PMID: 37784138 PMCID: PMC10544460 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arrival of new disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires the identification of subjects at risk in a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive way. With tools allowing an adequate screening, it would be possible to optimize the use of these treatments. Plasma markers of AD are very promising, but it is necessary to prove that alterations in their levels are related to alterations in gold standard markers such as cerebrospinal fluid or PET imaging. With this research, we want to evaluate the performance of plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and p-tau181 to detect the pathological changes in CSF using the automated Lumipulse platform. METHODS Both plasma and CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, and p-tau181 have been evaluated in a group of 208 cognitively unimpaired subjects with a 30.3% of ApoE4 carriers. We have correlated plasma and CSF values of each biomarker. Then, we have also assessed the differences in plasma marker values according to amyloid status (A - / +), AD status (considering AD + subjects to those A + plus Tau +), and ATN group defined by CSF. Finally, ROC curves have been performed, and the area under the curve has been measured using amyloid status and AD status as an outcome and different combinations of plasma markers as predictors. RESULTS Aβ42, amyloid ratio, p-tau181, and p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio correlated significantly between plasma and CSF. For these markers, the levels were significantly different in the A + / - , AD + / - , and ATN groups. Amyloid ratio predicts amyloid and AD pathology in CSF with an AUC of 0.89. CONCLUSIONS Plasma biomarkers of AD using the automated Lumipulse platform show good diagnostic performance in detecting Alzheimer's pathology in cognitively unimpaired subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martínez-Dubarbie
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain.
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain.
| | - Armando Guerra-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
| | - Sara López-García
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Marta Fernández-Matarrubia
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Pozueta-Cantudo
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - María García-Martínez
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Andrea Corrales-Pardo
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - María Bravo
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- Immunology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Irure-Ventura
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- Immunology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, 28220, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Unzueta
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avda. de Valdecilla 25, Santander, Cantabria, 39008, Spain
- Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28220, Spain
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Tao Y, Xia W, Zhao Q, Xiang H, Han C, Zhang S, Gu W, Tang W, Li Y, Tan L, Li D, Liu C. Structural mechanism for specific binding of chemical compounds to amyloid fibrils. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1235-1245. [PMID: 37400537 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibril is an important pharmaceutical target for diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, rational design of chemical compounds that interact with amyloid fibrils is unachievable due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of the ligand-fibril interaction. Here we used cryoelectron microscopy to survey the amyloid fibril-binding mechanism of a series of compounds including classic dyes, (pre)clinical imaging tracers and newly identified binders from high-throughput screening. We obtained clear densities of several compounds in complex with an α-synuclein fibril. These structures unveil the basic mechanism of the ligand-fibril interaction, which exhibits remarkable difference from the canonical ligand-protein interaction. In addition, we discovered a druggable pocket that is also conserved in the ex vivo α-synuclein fibrils from multiple system atrophy. Collectively, these findings expand our knowledge of protein-ligand interaction in the amyloid fibril state, which will enable rational design of amyloid binders in a medicinally beneficial way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqi Tao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencheng Xia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyue Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaijiang Xiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenqing Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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89
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Ferreira PCL, Zhang Y, Snitz B, Chang CCH, Bellaver B, Jacobsen E, Kamboh MI, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Pascoal TA, Villemagne VL, Ganguli M, Karikari TK. Plasma biomarkers identify older adults at risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in a real-world population-based cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4507-4519. [PMID: 36876954 PMCID: PMC10480336 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma biomarkers-cost effective, non-invasive indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD)-have largely been studied in clinical research settings. Here, we examined plasma biomarker profiles and their associated factors in a population-based cohort to determine whether they could identify an at-risk group, independently of brain and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. METHODS We measured plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio in 847 participants from a population-based cohort in southwestern Pennsylvania. RESULTS K-medoids clustering identified two distinct plasma Aβ42/40 modes, further categorizable into three biomarker profile groups: normal, uncertain, and abnormal. In different groups, plasma p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP were inversely correlated with Aβ42/40, Clinical Dementia Rating, and memory composite score, with the strongest associations in the abnormal group. DISCUSSION Abnormal plasma Aβ42/40 ratio identified older adult groups with lower memory scores, higher dementia risks, and higher ADRD biomarker levels, with potential implications for population screening. HIGHLIGHTS Population-based plasma biomarker studies are lacking, particularly in cohorts without cerebrospinal fluid or neuroimaging data. In the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team study (n = 847), plasma biomarkers associated with worse memory and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), apolipoprotein E ε4, and greater age. Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio levels allowed clustering participants into abnormal, uncertain, and normal groups. Plasma Aβ42/40 correlated differently with neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated tau181, memory composite, and CDR in each group. Plasma biomarkers can enable relatively affordable and non-invasive community screening for evidence of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C. L Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yingjin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Beth Snitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chung-Chou H. Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Erin Jacobsen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- UW Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
| | - Tharick A. Pascoal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
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Ferreira PCL, Therriault J, Tissot C, Ferrari-Souza JP, Benedet AL, Povala G, Bellaver B, Leffa DT, Brum WS, Lussier FZ, Bezgin G, Servaes S, Vermeiren M, Macedo AC, Cabrera A, Stevenson J, Triana-Baltzer G, Kolb H, Rahmouni N, Klunk WE, Lopez O, Villemagne VL, Cohen A, Tudorascu DL, Zimmer ER, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Gauthier S, Rosa-Neto P, Pascoal TA. Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 inform on tau tangles aggregation in cognitively impaired individuals. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4463-4474. [PMID: 37534889 PMCID: PMC10592380 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have been recently proposed to represent brain amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Here, we evaluated the plasma biomarkers' contribution beyond the information provided by demographics (age and sex) to identify Aβ and tau pathologies in individuals segregated as cognitively unimpaired (CU) and impaired (CI). METHODS We assessed 138 CU and 87 CI with available plasma p-tau231, 217+ , and 181, Aβ42/40, GFAP and Aβ- and tau-PET. RESULTS In CU, only plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217+ significantly improved the performance of the demographics in detecting Aβ-PET positivity, while no plasma biomarker provided additional information to identify tau-PET positivity. In CI, p-tau217+ and GFAP significantly contributed to demographics to identify both Aβ-PET and tau-PET positivity, while p-tau231 only provided additional information to identify tau-PET positivity. DISCUSSION Our results support plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217+ as state markers of early Aβ deposition, but in later disease stages they inform on tau tangle accumulation. HIGHLIGHTS It is still unclear how much plasma biomarkers contribute to identification of AD pathology across the AD spectrum beyond the information already provided by demographics (age + sex). Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217+ contribute to demographic information to identify brain Aβ pathology in preclinical AD. In CI individuals, plasma p-tau231 contributes to age and sex to inform on the accumulation of tau tangles, while p-tau217+ and GFAP inform on both Aβ deposition and tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C. L Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - João Pedro Ferrari-Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Andréa L. Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
| | - Guilherme Povala
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Douglas T. Leffa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wagner S. Brum
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
| | - Firoza Z. Lussier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marie Vermeiren
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Arthur C. Macedo
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Arlec Cabrera
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gallen Triana-Baltzer
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, 92121-1126, USA
| | - Hartmuth Kolb
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, 92121-1126, USA
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de l’Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - William E. Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Oscar Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ann Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dana L. Tudorascu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eduardo R. Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeuctis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Brain Insitute of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, HKG, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 431 41, Sweden
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tharick A. Pascoal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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91
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yang Y, Du X, Feng H, Zhang S. Application of Deep Learning for Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease in PET/MR Imaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1120. [PMID: 37892850 PMCID: PMC10604050 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging is a promising technique that combines the advantages of PET and MR to provide both functional and structural information of the brain. Deep learning (DL) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on developing algorithms and models inspired by the structure and function of the human brain's neural networks. DL has been applied to various aspects of PET/MR imaging in AD, such as image segmentation, image reconstruction, diagnosis and prediction, and visualization of pathological features. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and types of DL algorithms, such as feed forward neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and autoencoders. We then summarize the current applications and challenges of DL in PET/MR imaging in AD, and discuss the future directions and opportunities for automated diagnosis, predictions of models, and personalized medicine. We conclude that DL has great potential to improve the quality and efficiency of PET/MR imaging in AD, and to provide new insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Information Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qianrui Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Hampel H, Hu Y, Cummings J, Mattke S, Iwatsubo T, Nakamura A, Vellas B, O'Bryant S, Shaw LM, Cho M, Batrla R, Vergallo A, Blennow K, Dage J, Schindler SE. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Current state and future use in a transformed global healthcare landscape. Neuron 2023; 111:2781-2799. [PMID: 37295421 PMCID: PMC10720399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Timely detection of the pathophysiological changes and cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly pressing because of the advent of biomarker-guided targeted therapies that may be most effective when provided early in the disease. Currently, diagnosis and management of early AD are largely guided by clinical symptoms. FDA-approved neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers can aid detection and diagnosis, but the clinical implementation of these testing modalities is limited because of availability, cost, and perceived invasiveness. Blood-based biomarkers (BBBMs) may enable earlier and faster diagnoses as well as aid in risk assessment, early detection, prognosis, and management. Herein, we review data on BBBMs that are closest to clinical implementation, particularly those based on measures of amyloid-β peptides and phosphorylated tau species. We discuss key parameters and considerations for the development and potential deployment of these BBBMs under different contexts of use and highlight challenges at the methodological, clinical, and regulatory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Health, Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Yan Hu
- Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Health, Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Soeren Mattke
- Center for Improving Chronic Illness Care, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Biomarker Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan; Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bruno Vellas
- University Paul Sabatier, Gérontopôle, Toulouse University Hospital, UMR INSERM 1285, Toulouse, France
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Min Cho
- Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Health, Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Batrla
- Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Health, Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Health, Eisai Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Dage
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Pei W, Chen Y. Theranostic in GLP-1R molecular imaging: challenges and emerging opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1210347. [PMID: 37780209 PMCID: PMC10540701 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1210347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic in nuclear medicine combines diagnostic imaging and internal irradiation therapy using different therapeutic nuclear probes for visual diagnosis and precise treatment. GLP-1R is a popular receptor target in endocrine diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, tumors, and other areas. Likewise, it has also made breakthroughs in the development of molecular imaging. It was recognized that GLP-1R imaging originated from the study of insulinoma and afterwards was expanded in application including islet transplantation, pancreatic β-cell mass measurement, and ATP-dependent potassium channel-related endocrine diseases. Fortunately, GLP-1R molecular imaging has been involved in ischemic cardiomyocytes and neurodegenerative diseases. These signs illustrate the power of GLP-1R molecular imaging in the development of medicine. However, it is still limited to imaging diagnosis research in the current molecular imaging environment. The lack of molecular-targeted therapeutics related report hinders its radiology theranostic. In this article, the current research status, challenges, and emerging opportunities for GLP-1R molecular imaging are discussed in order to open a new path for theranostics and to promote the evolution of molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjie Pei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Kim HY, Chia WK, Hsieh CJ, Guarino DS, Graham TJA, Lengyel-Zhand Z, Schneider M, Tomita C, Lougee MG, Kim HJ, Pagar VV, Lee H, Hou C, Garcia BA, Petersson EJ, O’Shea J, Kotzbauer PT, Mathis CA, Lee VMY, Luk KC, Mach RH. A Novel Brain PET Radiotracer for Imaging Alpha Synuclein Fibrils in Multiple System Atrophy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12185-12202. [PMID: 37651366 PMCID: PMC10617560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation characterizes α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, no suitable positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for imaging α-syn in PD and MSA exists currently. Our structure-activity relationship studies identified 4-methoxy-N-(4-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)phenyl)benzamide (4i) as a PET radiotracer candidate for imaging α-syn. In vitro assays revealed high binding of 4i to recombinant α-syn fibrils (inhibition constant (Ki) = 6.1 nM) and low affinity for amyloid beta (Aβ) fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD) homogenates. However, [3H]4i also exhibited high specific binding to AD, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration tissues as well as PD and MSA tissues, suggesting notable affinity to tau. Nevertheless, the specific binding to pathologic α-syn aggregates in MSA post-mortem brain tissues was significantly higher than in PD tissues. This finding demonstrated the potential use of [11C]4i as a PET tracer for imaging α-syn in MSA patients. Nonhuman primate PET studies confirmed good brain uptake and rapid washout for [11C]4i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Wai Kit Chia
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dinahlee Saturnino Guarino
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Thomas J. A. Graham
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Zsofia Lengyel-Zhand
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Mark Schneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Cosette Tomita
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Marshall G. Lougee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6303, USA
| | - Vinayak V. Pagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6303, USA
| | - E. James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jennifer O’Shea
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Paul T. Kotzbauer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Chester A. Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2676, USA
| | - Kelvin C. Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2676, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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Haratake Y, Sano K, Fujioka C, Oshima S, Munekane M, Yamasaki T, Mukai T. Chemical design of radioiodinated probes with a metabolizable linkage for target-selective imaging of systemic amyloidosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117426. [PMID: 37552917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by the deposition of amyloid fibrils in various organs. Amyloid-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and applied to diagnose systemic amyloidosis peripherally; however, high-contrast imaging has not been achieved because of the high background signals in normal organs. To overcome this problem, we designed an amyloid-targeted radioiodinated probe 1 with a metabolizable linkage (ester bond) to release of radiolabeled metabolites (m-iodohippuric acid) in normal organs that could be rapidly excreted in the urine. METHODS Compound 1 was synthesized by conjugating 2-(4-(methylamino)phenyl)benzo[d]thiazol-6-ol, an amyloid-targeting compound, with m-iodohippuric acid. [125I]1 was synthesized via iododestannylation using a tributyltin precursor. Mouse models of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, a type of systemic amyloidosis, were prepared by administering amyloid-enhancing factor to mice and used for in vitro autoradiography using organ sections and in vivo evaluation. RESULTS [125I]1 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 59% and radiochemical purity of over 95%. An in vitro autoradiographic study demonstrated that [125I]1 specifically binds to amyloid in the splenic tissue. Upon administration to normal mice, [125I]1 was distributed to organs throughout the body, followed by the rapid excretion of radioactivity in the urine as m-[125I]iodohippuric acid. Furthermore, ex vivo autoradiography showed that [125I]1 bound to the amyloid formed around the follicles in the spleens of AA amyloidosis model mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the interposition of a metabolizable linkage between an amyloid-targeting moiety and a radiolabeled hippuric acid would be useful in the design of radiopharmaceuticals for high-contrast imaging of systemic amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Haratake
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Chika Fujioka
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Satsuki Oshima
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Analytical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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96
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Sauers SC, Toedebusch CD, Richardson R, Spira AP, Morris JC, Holtzman DM, Lucey BP. Chronotype is Associated with Sleep Quality in Older Adults. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.04.23294997. [PMID: 37732218 PMCID: PMC10508806 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.23294997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Disrupted sleep is common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a marker for AD risk. The timing of sleep or chronotype affects sleep-wake activity and is also associated with AD, but little is known about links between sleep and chronotype in older adults. In this study, we tested if different measures of sleep and chronotype are associated among older adults even after adjusting for multiple potentially confounding variables. Methods Participants (N=243) with a mean age of 74 underwent standardized cognitive assessments, measurement of CSF AD biomarkers, and sleep monitoring via single-channel EEG, actigraphy, and self-reported sleep logs. Chronotype was defined as the midpoint of sleep measured by actigraphy. Results Later mid-point of sleep (i.e., late chronotype) was associated with African American race and greater night-to-night variability in the sleep mid-point. After controlling for age, race, sex, cognitive status, AD biomarkers, and sleep disorders, a later mid-point of sleep was associated with longer rapid eye movement (REM) onset latency, decreased REM sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, increased sleep onset latency, and more awakenings at night. Late chronotype was also associated with increased <2 Hz non-REM slow-wave activity. Conclusions To identify individuals at risk for cognitive impairment before symptoms onset, non-invasive in vivo markers of brain function, such as sleep, are needed to track both future risk of cognitive impairment and response to interventions. Chronotype is a potential modifiable AD risk factor and should also be taken into account when using sleep as a marker for AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Sauers
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | | | - Rachel Richardson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- The Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brendan P. Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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97
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Juganavar A, Joshi A, Shegekar T. Navigating Early Alzheimer's Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic Innovations. Cureus 2023; 15:e44937. [PMID: 37818489 PMCID: PMC10561010 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hunt for early Alzheimer's disease detection has created cutting-edge diagnostic instruments with enormous promise. This article examines the many facets of these developments, focusing on how they have revolutionised diagnosis and patient outcomes. These tools make it possible to detect tiny brain changes even before they give birth to clinical symptoms by combining cutting-edge biomarkers, neuroimaging methods, and machine-learning algorithms. A significant opportunity for therapies that can slow the course of the disease exists during this early detection stage. Additionally, these cutting-edge techniques improve diagnostic precision, objectivity, and accessibility. Liquid biopsies and blood-based biomarkers provide non-invasive alternatives, filling accessibility gaps in diagnosis. While issues with standardisation, ethics, and data integration continue, collaboration within research, clinical practice, and policy realms fuels positive developments. As technology advances, the way towards better Alzheimer's diagnosis becomes more evident, giving patients and families dealing with this difficult illness fresh hope. The synergy between scientific advancement and compassionate treatment is crucial for improving Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, as this paper emphasises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Juganavar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tejas Shegekar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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98
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Keith CM, Haut MW, Wilhelmsen K, Mehta RI, Miller M, Navia RO, Ward M, Lindberg K, Coleman M, McCuddy WT, Deib G, Giolzetti A, D'Haese PF. Frontal and temporal lobe correlates of verbal learning and memory in aMCI and suspected Alzheimer's disease dementia. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:923-939. [PMID: 36367308 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2144618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is primarily known for deficits in learning and retaining new information. This has long been associated with pathological changes in the mesial temporal lobes. The role of the frontal lobes in memory in Alzheimer's disease is less well understood. In this study, we examined the role of the frontal lobes in learning, recognition, and retention of new verbal information, as well as the presence of specific errors (i.e., intrusions and false-positive errors). Participants included one hundred sixty-seven patients clinically diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or suspected Alzheimer's disease dementia who were administered the California Verbal Learning Test and completed high-resolution MRI. We confirmed the role of the mesial temporal lobes in learning and retention, including the volumes of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus. In addition, false-positive errors were associated with all volumes of the mesial temporal lobes and widespread areas within the frontal lobes. Errors of intrusion were related to the supplementary motor cortex and hippocampus. Most importantly, the mesial temporal lobes interacted with the frontal lobes for learning, recognition, and memory errors. Lower volumes in both regions explained more performance variance than any single structure. This study supports the interaction of the frontal lobes with the temporal lobes in many aspects of memory in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra M Keith
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Marc W Haut
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Kirk Wilhelmsen
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Rashi I Mehta
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Mark Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - R Osvaldo Navia
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Melanie Ward
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Katharine Lindberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - William T McCuddy
- Department of Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Gerard Deib
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neuroradiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Angelo Giolzetti
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Pierre-François D'Haese
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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99
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Cools R, Kerkhofs K, Leitao RCF, Bormans G. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel PET Probes for Dementia. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:599-629. [PMID: 37149435 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel PET imaging agents that selectively bind specific dementia-related targets can contribute significantly to accurate, differential and early diagnosis of dementia causing diseases and support the development of therapeutic agents. Consequently, in recent years there has been a growing body of literature describing the development and evaluation of potential new promising PET tracers for dementia. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of novel dementia PET probes under development, classified by their target, and pinpoints their preclinical evaluation pathway, typically involving in silico, in vitro and ex/in vivo evaluation. Specific target-associated challenges and pitfalls, requiring extensive and well-designed preclinical experimental evaluation assays to enable successful clinical translation and avoid shortcomings observed for previously developed 'well-established' dementia PET tracers are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Cools
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kobe Kerkhofs
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Renan C F Leitao
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Dadario NB, Sughrue ME. The functional role of the precuneus. Brain 2023; 146:3598-3607. [PMID: 37254740 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in computational approaches and neuroimaging techniques have refined our understanding of the precuneus. While previously believed to be largely a visual processing region, the importance of the precuneus in complex cognitive functions has been previously less familiar due to a lack of focal lesions in this deeply seated region, but also a poor understanding of its true underlying anatomy. Fortunately, recent studies have revealed significant information on the structural and functional connectivity of this region, and this data has provided a more detailed mechanistic understanding of the importance of the precuneus in healthy and pathologic states. Through improved resting-state functional MRI analyses, it has become clear that the function of the precuneus can be better understood based on its functional association with large scale brain networks. Dual default mode network systems have been well explained in recent years in supporting episodic memory and theory of mind; however, a novel 'para-cingulate' network, which is a subnetwork of the larger central executive network, with likely significant roles in self-referential processes and related psychiatric symptoms is introduced here and requires further clarification. Importantly, detailed anatomic studies on the precuneus structural connectivity inside and beyond the cingulate cortex has demonstrated the presence of large structural white matter connections, which provide an additional layer of meaning to the structural-functional significance of this region and its association with large scale brain networks. Together, the structural-functional connectivity of the precuneus has provided central elements which can model various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 07102, USA
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