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Bisseret P, Abdelkafi H, Blanchard N. Aryl transition metal chemical warheads for protein bioconjugation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5132-5144. [PMID: 29997865 PMCID: PMC6001634 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00780b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The past seven years have witnessed the burgeoning of protein bioconjugation reactions highlighting aryl transition metal reagents as coupling partners. This new bioorthogonal organometallic chemistry, which sets the scene for stoichiometric processes in place of the catalytic procedures that developed in parallel, already enabled the forging of C-S and C-C bonds onto protein substrates, respectively in their native state or equipped with pre-installed non-natural terminal alkene or alkyne appendages. Although not yet applied to proteins, related transformations pointing to the creation of C-N bonds have, in addition, just been disclosed by targeting peptide lysine residues. Central to this research was the selection of ligands attached to the transition metal, in order to confer to metal complexes, not only their stability in aqueous medium, but also the desired chemoselectivity. We summarize here this body of work, which has already put in the limelight elaborated palladium and gold complexes equipped with biologically relevant appendages, such as fluorescent and affinity tags, as well as drug molecules. This research holds much promise, not only for the study of proteins themselves, but also for the design of new protein-based biotherapeutics, such as protein-drug conjugates or constrained analogs resulting from macrocyclisation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bisseret
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , LIMA , UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France . https://bsm.unistra.fr ; ;
| | - Hajer Abdelkafi
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , LIMA , UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France . https://bsm.unistra.fr ; ;
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , LIMA , UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France . https://bsm.unistra.fr ; ;
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52
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Sebest F, Dunsford JJ, Adams M, Pivot J, Newman PD, Díez‐González S. Ring-Expanded N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Copper-Mediated Azide-Alkyne Click Cycloaddition Reactions. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:2041-2045. [PMID: 29861792 PMCID: PMC5969269 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-defined copper(I) complexes bearing ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been applied to the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The obtained results notably showed that the six-membered NHC ligands outperform well-established five-membered ones. [CuI(Mes-6)] displayed a remarkable catalytic activity while respecting the strict criteria for click reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sebest
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition Road, South KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Matthew Adams
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition Road, South KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Jeremy Pivot
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition Road, South KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Silvia Díez‐González
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition Road, South KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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53
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Liu Y, Pujals S, Stals PJM, Paulöhrl T, Presolski SI, Meijer EW, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Catalytically Active Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: Exploring Their Functions in Complex Biological Media. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3423-3433. [PMID: 29457449 PMCID: PMC5997400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are intriguing, bioinspired architectures that result from the collapse or folding of an individual polymer chain into a nanometer-sized particle. Here we present a detailed biophysical study on the behavior of dynamic SCPNs in living cells and an evaluation of their catalytic functionality in such a complex medium. We first developed a number of delivery strategies that allowed the selective localization of SCPNs in different cellular compartments. Live/dead tests showed that the SCPNs were not toxic to cells while spectral imaging revealed that SCPNs provide a structural shielding and reduced the influence from the outer biological media. The ability of SCPNs to act as catalysts in biological media was first assessed by investigating their potential for reactive oxygen species generation. With porphyrins covalently attached to the SCPNs, singlet oxygen was generated upon irradiation with light, inducing spatially controlled cell death. In addition, Cu(I)- and Pd(II)-based SCPNs were prepared and these catalysts were screened in vitro and studied in cellular environments for the carbamate cleavage reaction of rhodamine-based substrates. This is a model reaction for the uncaging of bioactive compounds such as cytotoxic drugs for catalysis-based cancer therapy. We observed that the rate of the deprotection depends on both the organometallic catalysts and the nature of the protective group. The rate reduces from in vitro to the biological environment, indicating a strong influence of biomolecules on catalyst performance. The Cu(I)-based SCPNs in combination with the dimethylpropargyloxycarbonyl protective group showed the best performances both in vitro and in biological environment, making this group promising in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Liu
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick J. M. Stals
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Paulöhrl
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stanislav I. Presolski
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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54
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Sallustrau A, Bregant S, Chollet C, Audisio D, Taran F. Scalable and practical synthesis of clickable Cu-chelating azides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:7890-7893. [PMID: 28597902 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and effective synthetic access to chelating azides was designed enabling the preparation of efficient clickable fluorescent derivatives. The comparison of the reactivity of these chelating azides to regular azides showcased the striking superiority of such derivatives for labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sallustrau
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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56
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Miguel-Ávila J, Tomás-Gamasa M, Olmos A, Pérez PJ, Mascareñas JL. Discrete Cu(i) complexes for azide-alkyne annulations of small molecules inside mammalian cells. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1947-1952. [PMID: 29675241 PMCID: PMC5892125 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The archetype reaction of "click" chemistry, namely, the copper-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), has found an impressive number of applications in biological chemistry. However, methods for promoting intermolecular annulations of exogenous, small azides and alkynes in the complex interior of mammalian cells, are essentially unknown. Herein we demonstrate that isolated, well-defined copper(i)-tris(triazolyl) complexes featuring designed ligands can readily enter mammalian cells and promote intracellular CuAAC annulations of small, freely diffusible molecules. In addition to simplifying protocols and avoiding the addition of "non-innocent" reductants, the use of these premade copper complexes leads to more efficient processes than with the alternative, in situ made copper species prepared from Cu(ii) sources, tris(triazole) ligands and sodium ascorbate. Under the reaction conditions, the well-defined copper complexes exhibit very good cell penetration properties, and do not present significant toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Miguel-Ávila
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - María Tomás-Gamasa
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Andrea Olmos
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea , Unidad Asociada al CSIC , CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible , Departamento de Química , Universidad de Huelva , Campus de El Carmen s/n , 21007 Huelva , Spain .
| | - Pedro J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea , Unidad Asociada al CSIC , CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible , Departamento de Química , Universidad de Huelva , Campus de El Carmen s/n , 21007 Huelva , Spain .
| | - José L Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
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57
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Triazole-Functionalized Silica Supported Palladium(II) Complex: A Novel and Highly Active Heterogeneous Nano-catalyst for C–C Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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58
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Wang CS, Dixneuf PH, Soulé JF. Metal-free C(sp3)–H bond sulfonyloxylation of 2-alkylpyridines and alkylnitrones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4954-4957. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct transformation of an inert C(sp3)–H bond of 2-alkylpyridines and nitrones into a C–OSO2R bond has been described.
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59
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Ross DAW, Preston D, Crowley JD. Self-Assembly with 2,6-Bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine: Silver(I) and Iron(II) Complexes. Molecules 2017; 22:E1762. [PMID: 29048381 PMCID: PMC6151823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new "click" ligand, 2,6-bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L) featuring a tridentate 2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (tripy) pocket and two pyridyl (py) units was synthesized in modest yield (42%) using the copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The coordination chemistry of the ligand with silver(I) and iron(II) ions was examined using a battery of solution (¹H and DOSY (diffusion ordered spectroscopy) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared and absorption spectroscopies, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS)), and solid state (X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis) techniques. When treated with silver(I) ions, the ligand forms discrete [Ag(L)]⁺ (X-, where X- = BF₄-, NO₃- or SbF₆-) complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution but these complexes crystallize as coordination polymers. The addition of [Fe(H₂O)₆](BF₄)₂ to an acetonitrile solution of the ligand forms the expected monomeric octahedral [Fe(L)₂]2+ complex and treatment of the iron(II) complex with AgBF₄ generates a heterometallic linear coordination polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A W Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand.
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand.
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60
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Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as a significant tool for materials science, organic chemistry, and bioscience. Based on the initial concept of Barry Sharpless in 2001, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has triggered a plethora of chemical concepts for linking molecules and building blocks under ambient conditions, forming the basis for applications in autonomous cross-linking materials. Self-healing systems on the other hand are often based on mild cross-linking chemistries that are able to react either autonomously or upon an external trigger. In the ideal case, self-healing takes place efficiently at low temperatures, independent of the substrate(s) used, by forming strong and stable networks, binding to the newly generated (cracked) interfaces to restore the original material properties. The use of the CuAAC in self-healing systems, most of all the careful design of copper-based catalysts linked to additives as well as the chemical diversity of substrates, has led to an enormous potential of applications of this singular reaction. The implementation of click-based strategies in self-healing systems therefore is highly attractive, as here chemical (and physical) concepts of molecular reactivity, molecular design, and even metal catalysis are connected to aspects of materials science. In this Account, we will show how CuAAC reactions of multivalent components can be used as a tool for self-healing materials, achieving cross-linking at low temperatures (exploiting concepts of autocatalysis or internal chelation within the bulk CuAAC and systematic optimization of the efficiency of the used Cu(I) catalysts). Encapsulation strategies to separate the click components by micro- and nanoencapsulation are required in this context. Consequently, the examples reported here describe chemical concepts to realize more efficient and faster click reactions in self-healing polymeric materials. Thus, enhanced chain diffusion in (hyper)branched polymers, autocatalysis, or internal chelation concepts enable efficient click cross-linking already at 5 °C with a simultaneously reduced amount of Cu(I) catalyst and increased reaction rates, culminating in the first reported self-healing system based on click cycloaddition reactions. Via tailor-made nanocarbon/Cu(I) catalysts we can further improve the click cross-linking reaction in view of efficiency and kinetics, leading to the generation of self-healing graphene-based epoxy nanocomposites. Additionally, we have designed special CuAAC click methods for chemical reporting and visualization systems based on the detection of ruptured capsules via a fluorogenic click reaction, which can be combined with CuAAC cross-linking reactions to obtain simultaneous stress detection and self-healing within polymeric materials. In a similar concept, we have prepared polymeric Cu(I)-biscarbene complexes to detect (mechanical) stress within self-healing polymeric materials via a triggered fluorogenic reaction, thus using a destructive force for a constructive chemical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Döhler
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Philipp Michael
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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61
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Wittenberg E, Abetz V. New post modification route for styrene butadiene copolymers leading to supramolecular hydrogen bonded networks - Synthesis and thermodynamic analysis of complexation. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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62
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Sartor V, Irvoas J, Bordeau G, Chouini-Lalanne N. Multivalent Azide-Functionalized Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complexes and Their DNA Conjugates through Click Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Sartor
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Joris Irvoas
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Guillaume Bordeau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Nadia Chouini-Lalanne
- Laboratoire des IMRCP; Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
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63
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Aioub AG, Dahora L, Gamble K, Finn MG. Selection of Natural Peptide Ligands for Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Catalysis. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1693-1701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison G. Aioub
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lindsay Dahora
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kelly Gamble
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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64
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Abstract
Azines, which are six-membered aromatic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms, serve as ubiquitous structural cores of aromatic species with important applications in biological and materials sciences. Among a variety of synthetic approaches toward azines, C-H functionalization represents the most rapid and atom-economical transformation, and it is advantageous for the late-stage functionalization of azine-containing functional molecules. Since azines have several C-H bonds with different reactivities, the development of new reactions that allow for the functionalization of azines in a regioselective fashion has comprised a central issue. This review describes recent advances in the C-H functionalization of azines categorized as follows: (1) SNAr reactions, (2) radical reactions, (3) deprotonation/functionalization, and (4) metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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65
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Chen H, Cai C, Li S, Ma Y, Luozhong S, Zhu Z. Intermediates Stabilized by Tris(triazolylmethyl)amines in the CuAAC Reaction. Chemistry 2017; 23:4730-4735. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Houston 1441 Moursund St. Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
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66
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Li S, Wang L, Yu F, Zhu Z, Shobaki D, Chen H, Wang M, Wang J, Qin G, Erasquin UJ, Ren L, Wang Y, Cai C. Copper-Catalyzed Click Reaction on/in Live Cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2107-2114. [PMID: 28348729 PMCID: PMC5365239 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction could be performed inside live mammalian cells without using a chelating azide. Under optimized conditions, the reaction was performed in human ovary cancer cell line OVCAR5 in which newly synthesized proteins were metabolically modified with homopropargylglycine (HPG). This model system allowed us to estimate the efficiency of the reaction on the cell membranes and in the cytosol using mass spectrometry. We found that the reaction was greatly promoted by a tris(triazolylmethyl)amine CuI ligand tethering a cell-penetrating peptide. Uptake of the ligand, copper, and a biotin-tagged azide in the cells was determined to be 69 ± 2, 163 ± 3 and 1.3 ± 0.1 µM, respectively. After 10 minutes of reaction, the product yields on the membrane and cytosolic proteins were higher than 18% and 0.8%, respectively, while 75% cells remained viable. By reducing the biothiols in the system by scraping or treatment with N-ethylmalemide, the reaction yield on the cytosolic proteins was greatly improved to ~9% and ~14%, respectively, while the yield on the membrane proteins remained unchanged. The results indicate that out of many possibilities, deactivation of the current copper catalysts by biothiols is the major reason for the low yield of CuAAC reaction in the cytosol. Overall, we have improved the efficiency for CuAAC reaction on live cells by 3-fold. Despite the low yielding inside live cells, the products that strongly bind to the intracellular targets can be detected by mass spectrometry. Hence, the in situ CuAAC reaction can be potentially used for screening of cell-specific enzyme inhibitors or biomarkers containing 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Dema Shobaki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Guoting Qin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Uriel J. Erasquin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
| | - Li Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Rd. , Houston , TX 77204 , USA .
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67
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Fauché K, Nauton L, Jouffret L, Cisnetti F, Gautier A. A catalytic intramolecular nitrene insertion into a copper(i)–N-heterocyclic carbene bond yielding fused nitrogen heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2402-2405. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a catalytic NHC–imido/nitrene cyclization allowing an easy access to diverse nitrogen-rich heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Fauché
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Lionel Nauton
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Laurent Jouffret
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Federico Cisnetti
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Université Clermont Auvergne
- CNRS
- Sigma Clermont
- ICCF
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
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68
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Guo X, Zeng L, Wang Z, Zhang T, He C, Duan C. Photocatalytic copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click reaction with Cu(ii) coordination polymer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu(ii) coordination polymers as photocatalysts for the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click reaction under household light irradiation in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Le Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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69
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Zhang X, Liu P, Zhu L. Structural Determinants of Alkyne Reactivity in Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121697. [PMID: 27941684 PMCID: PMC6274337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work represents our initial effort in identifying azide/alkyne pairs for optimal reactivity in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. In previous works, we have identified chelating azides, in particular 2-picolyl azide, as “privileged” azide substrates with high CuAAC reactivity. In the current work, two types of alkynes are shown to undergo rapid CuAAC reactions under both copper(II)- (via an induction period) and copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. The first type of the alkynes bears relatively acidic ethynyl C-H bonds, while the second type contains an N-(triazolylmethyl)propargylic moiety that produces a self-accelerating effect. The rankings of reactivity under both copper(II)- and copper(I)-catalyzed conditions are provided. The observations on how other reaction parameters such as accelerating ligand, reducing agent, or identity of azide alter the relative reactivity of alkynes are described and, to the best of our ability, explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Peiye Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
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70
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Qian L, Zhang CJ, Wu J, Yao SQ. Fused Bicyclic Caspase-1 Inhibitors Assembled by Copper-Free Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (SPAAC). Chemistry 2016; 23:360-369. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Ji'en Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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71
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Clavadetscher J, Hoffmann S, Lilienkampf A, Mackay L, Yusop RM, Rider SA, Mullins JJ, Bradley M. Copper Catalysis in Living Systems and In Situ Drug Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Clavadetscher
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science; Queen's Medical Research Institute; 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Logan Mackay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Rahimi M. Yusop
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sebastien A. Rider
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science; Queen's Medical Research Institute; 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - John J. Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science; Queen's Medical Research Institute; 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UK
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72
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Clavadetscher J, Hoffmann S, Lilienkampf A, Mackay L, Yusop RM, Rider SA, Mullins JJ, Bradley M. Copper Catalysis in Living Systems and In Situ Drug Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15662-15666. [PMID: 27860120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has proven to be a pivotal advance in chemical ligation strategies with applications ranging from polymer fabrication to bioconjugation. However, application in vivo has been limited by the inherent toxicity of the copper catalyst. Herein, we report the application of heterogeneous copper catalysts in azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes in biological systems ranging from cells to zebrafish, with reactions spanning from fluorophore activation to the first reported in situ generation of a triazole-containing anticancer agent from two benign components, opening up many new avenues of exploration for CuAAC chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Clavadetscher
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Logan Mackay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rahimi M Yusop
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sebastien A Rider
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
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73
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Li L, Zhang Z. Development and Applications of the Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) as a Bioorthogonal Reaction. Molecules 2016; 21:E1393. [PMID: 27783053 PMCID: PMC6273301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bioorthogonal reactions has greatly broadened the scope of biomolecule labeling and detecting. Of all the bioorthogonal reactions that have been developed, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is the most widely applied one, mainly because of its relatively fast kinetics and high efficiency. However, the introduction of copper species to in vivo systems raises the issue of potential toxicity. In order to reduce the copper-induced toxicity and further improve the reaction kinetics and efficiency, different strategies have been adopted, including the development of diverse copper chelating ligands to assist the catalytic cycle and the development of chelating azides as reagents. Up to now, the optimization of CuAAC has facilitated its applications in labeling and identifying either specific biomolecule species or on the omics level. Herein, we mainly discuss the efforts in the development of CuAAC to better fit the bioorthogonal reaction criteria and its bioorthogonal applications both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
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74
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Sun Y, Hong S, Ma X, Cheng K, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yang M, Jiang Y, Hong X, Cheng Z. Recyclable Cu(i)/melanin dots for cycloaddition, bioconjugation and cell labelling. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5888-5892. [PMID: 30034730 PMCID: PMC6024301 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of biocompatible and high-performance heterogeneous catalysts for bioconjugation and cell labeling is highly challenging. Melanin has previously been used as a target for melanoma imaging and therapy. Herein, this important biomarker was transferred into a novel catalytic platform. A biocompatible Cu(i)/melanin dot-based catalyst [Cu(i)/M-dots] was easily prepared and exhibited high catalytic activity and excellent reusability in various Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC). Furthermore, DNA bioconjugation was carried out efficiently using Cu(i)/M-dots under ligand-free and reductant-free conditions, and the Cu(i)/M-dots could easily be removed by centrifugation. Lastly, the integrin receptor (alkyne RGD targeted) of U87MG cells was effectively labelled with a fluorescent dye (Cyanine5.5 azide) in combination with Cu(i)/M-dots. These attractive properties of Cu(i)/M-dots render it a promising catalytic platform in bioconjugation and chemical biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
- State Key Laboratory of Virology , Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) , Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
| | - Suhyun Hong
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Meng Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science , Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound , Beijing , 100730 , China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science , Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Department of Ultrasound , Beijing , 100730 , China
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology , Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) , Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease , Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China .
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
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75
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Gaebler A, Penno A, Kuerschner L, Thiele C. A highly sensitive protocol for microscopy of alkyne lipids and fluorescently tagged or immunostained proteins. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1934-1947. [PMID: 27565170 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand to study the cellular localization of specific lipids has led to recent advances in lipid probes and microscopy. Alkyne lipids bear a small, noninterfering tag and can be detected upon click reaction with an azide-coupled reporter. Fluorescent alkyne lipid imaging crucially depends on appropriate azide reporters and labeling protocols that allow for an efficient click reaction and therefore a sensitive detection. We synthesized several azide reporters with different spacer components and tested their suitability for alkyne lipid imaging in fixed cells. The implementation of a copper-chelating picolyl moiety into fluorescent or biotin-based azide reagents strongly increased the sensitivity of the imaging routine. We demonstrate the applicability and evaluate the performance of this approach using different lipid classes and experimental setups. As azide picolyl reporters allow for reduced copper catalyst concentrations, they also enable coimaging of alkyne lipids with multiple fluorescent proteins including enhanced green fluorescent protein. Alternatively, and as we also show, microscopy of alkyne lipids can be combined with protein detection by immunocytochemistry. In summary, we present a robust, sensitive, and highly versatile protocol for the labeling of alkyne lipids with azide-coupled reporters for fluorescence microscopy that can be combined with different protein detection and imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gaebler
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anke Penno
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Kuerschner
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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76
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Schöffler AL, Makarem A, Rominger F, Straub BF. Dinuclear thiazolylidene copper complex as highly active catalyst for azid-alkyne cycloadditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1566-72. [PMID: 27559407 PMCID: PMC4979731 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A dinuclear N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper complex efficiently catalyzes azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reactions. The ancillary ligand comprises two 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene units and an ethylene linker. The three-step preparation of the complex from commercially available starting compounds is more straightforward and cost-efficient than that of the previously described 1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene derivatives. Kinetic experiments revealed its high catalytic CuAAC activity in organic solvents at room temperature. The activity increases upon addition of acetic acid, particularly for more acidic alkyne substrates. The modular catalyst design renders possible the exchange of N-heterocyclic carbene, linker, sacrificial ligand, and counter ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Schöffler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ata Makarem
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd F Straub
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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77
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Zhu L, Brassard CJ, Zhang X, Guha PM, Clark RJ. On the Mechanism of Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1501-17. [PMID: 27216993 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction regiospecifically produces 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole molecules. This heterocycle formation chemistry has high tolerance to reaction conditions and substrate structures. Therefore, it has been practiced not only within, but also far beyond the area of heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, the mechanistic understanding of CuAAC is summarized, with a particular emphasis on the significance of copper/azide interactions. Our analysis concludes that the formation of the azide/copper(I) acetylide complex in the early stage of the reaction dictates the reaction rate. The subsequent triazole ring-formation step is fast and consequently possibly kinetically invisible. Therefore, structures of substrates and copper catalysts, as well as other reaction variables that are conducive to the formation of the copper/alkyne/azide ternary complex predisposed for cycloaddition would result in highly efficient CuAAC reactions. Specifically, terminal alkynes with relatively low pKa values and an inclination to engage in π-backbonding with copper(I), azides with ancillary copper-binding ligands (aka chelating azides), and copper catalysts that resist aggregation, balance redox activity with Lewis acidity, and allow for dinuclear cooperative catalysis are favored in CuAAC reactions. Brief discussions on the mechanistic aspects of internal alkyne-involved CuAAC reactions are also included, based on the relatively limited data that are available at this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Christopher J Brassard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - P M Guha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
| | - Ronald J Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 (USA)
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78
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Araújo M, Díaz-Oltra S, Escuder B. Triazolyl-Based Molecular Gels as Ligands for Autocatalytic ‘Click’ Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:8676-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Araújo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; 12071 Castelló Spain
| | - Beatriu Escuder
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Universitat Jaume I; 12071 Castelló Spain
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79
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Machida T, Winssinger N. One-Step Derivatization of Reducing Oligosaccharides for Rapid and Live-Cell-Compatible Chelation-Assisted CuAAC Conjugation. Chembiochem 2016; 17:811-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Machida
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; University of Geneva; 30 quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry; NCCR Chemical Biology; University of Geneva; 30 quai Ernest Ansermet 1211 Geneva Switzerland
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80
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Abel GR, Calabrese ZA, Ayco J, Hein JE, Ye T. Measuring and Suppressing the Oxidative Damage to DNA During Cu(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:698-704. [PMID: 26829457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have used the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure the extent of oxidative DNA damage under varying reaction conditions used for copper(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. We systematically studied how the damage depends on a number of key reaction parameters, including the amounts of copper, ascorbate, and ligand used, and found that the damage is significant under nearly all conditions tested, including those commonly used for bioconjugation. Furthermore, we discovered that the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, a known radical scavenger, into the aqueous mixture dramatically suppresses DNA damage during the reaction. We also measured the efficiency of cross-linking two short synthetic oligonucleotides via click chemistry, and found that the reaction could proceed reasonably efficiently even with DMSO present. This approach for screening both DNA damage and reactivity under a range of reaction conditions will be valuable for improving the biocompatibility of click chemistry, and should help to extend this powerful synthetic tool for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Abel
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Zachary A Calabrese
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jeffrey Ayco
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jason E Hein
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States.,Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Tao Ye
- Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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81
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Monasterio Z, Sagartzazu-Aizpurua M, Miranda JI, Reyes Y, Aizpurua JM. Cationic 1,2,3-Triazolium Alkynes: Components To Enhance 1,4-Regioselective Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. Org Lett 2016; 18:788-91. [PMID: 26847154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4-Alkynyl-1,2,3-triazolium cations undergo thermal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with azides roughly 50- to 100-fold faster than comparable noncharged alkynes. Further, the reaction is highly 1,4-regioselective (dr up to 99:1) owing to the selective stabilization of 1,4-TS transition states via conjugative π-acceptor assistance of the alkyne triazolium ring. The novel cationic triazolium alkynes also accelerate the CuAAC reaction to provide bis(1,2,3-triazoles) in an "ultrafast" way (<5 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Monasterio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU , Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maialen Sagartzazu-Aizpurua
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU , Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José I Miranda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU , Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yuri Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana UAM , Hidalgo Poniente-46 Col. La Estación, 52006 Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Jesus M Aizpurua
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU , Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda Tolosa-72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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82
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Cao X, Shi Y, Wang X, Graff RW, Gao H. Design a Highly Reactive Trifunctional Core Molecule To Obtain Hyperbranched Polymers with over a Million Molecular Weight in One-Pot Click Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Robert W. Graff
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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83
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Tiwari VK, Mishra BB, Mishra KB, Mishra N, Singh AS, Chen X. Cu-Catalyzed Click Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3086-240. [PMID: 26796328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), popularly known as the "click reaction", serves as the most potent and highly dependable tool for facile construction of simple to complex architectures at the molecular level. Click-knitted threads of two exclusively different molecular entities have created some really interesting structures for more than 15 years with a broad spectrum of applicability, including in the fascinating fields of synthetic chemistry, medicinal science, biochemistry, pharmacology, material science, and catalysis. The unique properties of the carbohydrate moiety and the advantages of highly chemo- and regioselective click chemistry, such as mild reaction conditions, efficient performance with a wide range of solvents, and compatibility with different functionalities, together produce miraculous neoglycoconjugates and neoglycopolymers with various synthetic, biological, and pharmaceutical applications. In this review we highlight the successful advancement of Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry in glycoscience and its applications as well as future scope in different streams of applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Kunj B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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84
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Chen MY, Song T, Zheng ZJ, Xu Z, Cui YM, Xu LW. Tao-Phos-controlled desymmetrization of succinimide-based bisalkynes via asymmetric copper-catalyzed Huisgen alkyne–azide click cycloaddition: substrate scope and mechanism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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85
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Neumann S, Döhler D, Ströhl D, Binder WH. Chelation-assisted CuAAC in star-shaped polymers enables fast self-healing at low temperatures. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01818h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The achievement of self-healing (SH) under ambient conditions (low temperature, no external input of energy) still presents a significant area of research, and is enabledvia“click”-type crosslinking reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Neumann
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
| | - D. Döhler
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
| | - D. Ströhl
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
| | - W. H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
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86
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87
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Su Y, Li L, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang Z. All-in-One azides: empowered click reaction for in vivo labeling and imaging of biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2185-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized All-in-One (AIO) reactive azide reagents for bioorthogonal reactions with highly efficient Cu(i) ligand moieties, an azido group, and functional tags for imaging or purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Su
- College of Life Sciences
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS)
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS)
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS)
- Beijing 102206
- China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS)
- Beijing 102206
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS)
- Beijing 102206
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Beijing
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88
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Cheisson T, Auffrant A. Palladium(ii) complexes featuring a mixed phosphine–pyridine–iminophosphorane pincer ligand: synthesis and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2069-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cationic and neutral Pd complexes featuring an original phosphine–pyridine–iminophosphorane (PNN) ligand were synthesised. In particular, an unexpected borylated complex was isolated by reaction with B(C6F5)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cheisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
- Ecole Polytechnique
- UMR CNRS 9168
- F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex
- France
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
- Ecole Polytechnique
- UMR CNRS 9168
- F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex
- France
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89
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Haldón E, Nicasio MC, Pérez PJ. Copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC): an update. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9528-50. [PMID: 26284434 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of organic azides and alkynes catalysed by copper species represent the prototypical examples of click chemistry. The so-called CuAAC reaction (copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition), discovered in 2002, has been expanded since then to become an excellent tool in organic synthesis. In this contribution the recent results described in the literature since 2010 are reviewed, classified according to the nature of the catalyst precursor: copper(I) or copper(II) salts or complexes, metallic or nano-particulated copper and several solid-supported copper systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Haldón
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química y Ciencias de los Materiales, Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007-Huelva, Spain.
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90
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Khalily MA, Gulseren G, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Biocompatible Supramolecular Catalytic One-Dimensional Nanofibers for Efficient Labeling of Live Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2371-5. [PMID: 26457765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding complex cellular functions requires study and tracking of biomolecules such as proteins, glycans, and lipids in their natural environment. Herein, we report the first supramolecular nanocatalyst for bioorthogonal click reaction to label live cells. This biocompatible and biodegradable nanocatalyst was formed by self-assembled peptide nanofibers complexed with copper ions. The supramolecular nanocatalyst enhanced azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction rate under physiological conditions and was shown to be useful for efficient bioorthogonal labeling of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aref Khalily
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Gulcihan Gulseren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara, Turkey 06800
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91
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Shieh P, Dien VT, Beahm BJ, Castellano JM, Wyss-Coray T, Bertozzi CR. CalFluors: A Universal Motif for Fluorogenic Azide Probes across the Visible Spectrum. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7145-51. [PMID: 25902190 PMCID: PMC4487548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent bioorthogonal smart probes across the visible spectrum will enable sensitive visualization of metabolically labeled molecules in biological systems. Here we present a unified design, based on the principle of photoinduced electron transfer, to access a panel of highly fluorogenic azide probes that are activated by conversion to the corresponding triazoles via click chemistry. Termed the CalFluors, these probes possess emission maxima that range from green to far red wavelengths, and enable sensitive biomolecule detection under no-wash conditions. We used the CalFluor probes to image various alkyne-labeled biomolecules (glycans, DNA, RNA, and proteins) in cells, developing zebrafish, and mouse brain tissue slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vivian T. Dien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brendan J. Beahm
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joseph M. Castellano
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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92
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Genetically encoded tools for RNA imaging in living cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 31:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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93
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Hazra S, Karmakar A, Guedes da Silva MDFC, Dlháň L, Boča R, Pombeiro AJL. Sulfonated Schiff base dinuclear and polymeric copper(ii) complexes: crystal structures, magnetic properties and catalytic application in Henry reaction. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous medium syntheses and nitroaldol catalytic studies of three pseudohalide bridged copper(ii) complexes characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis and variable temperature magnetic studies are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Hazra
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | - Anirban Karmakar
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
| | | | - L'ubor Dlháň
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- FCHPT
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Roman Boča
- Department of Chemistry
- FPV
- University of SS Cyril and Methodius
- Trnava
- Slovakia
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon
- Portugal
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94
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Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has enabled the selective labeling and detection of biomolecules in living systems. Bioorthogonal smart probes, which become fluorescent or deliver imaging or therapeutic agents upon reaction, allow for the visualization of biomolecules or targeted delivery even in the presence of excess unreacted probe. This review discusses the strategies used in the development of bioorthogonal smart probes and highlights the potential of these probes to further our understanding of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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95
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McKay CS, Finn MG. Click chemistry in complex mixtures: bioorthogonal bioconjugation. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:1075-101. [PMID: 25237856 PMCID: PMC4331201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The selective chemical modification of biological molecules drives a good portion of modern drug development and fundamental biological research. While a few early examples of reactions that engage amine and thiol groups on proteins helped establish the value of such processes, the development of reactions that avoid most biological molecules so as to achieve selectivity in desired bond-forming events has revolutionized the field. We provide an update on recent developments in bioorthogonal chemistry that highlights key advances in reaction rates, biocompatibility, and applications. While not exhaustive, we hope this summary allows the reader to appreciate the rich continuing development of good chemistry that operates in the biological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S McKay
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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96
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Xu G, Xu P, Shi D, Chen M. Modification of graphene oxide by a facile coprecipitation method and click chemistry for use as a drug carrier. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A graphene oxide based ternary composite was synthesized for targeted drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi, China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi, China
| | - Dongjian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi, China
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