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Haquette P, Salmain M, Svedlung K, Martel A, Rudolf B, Zakrzewski J, Cordier S, Roisnel T, Fosse C, Jaouen G. Cysteine-Specific, Covalent Anchoring of Transition Organometallic Complexes to the Protein Papain fromCarica papaya. Chembiochem 2007; 8:224-31. [PMID: 17167808 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed and covalent introduction of various transition metal-organic entities to the active site of the cysteine endoproteinase, papain, was achieved by treatment of this enzyme with a series of organometallic maleimide derivatives specially designed for the purpose. Kinetic studies made it clear that time-dependent irreversible inactivation of papain occurred in the presence of these organometallic maleimides as a result of Michael addition of the sulfhydryl of Cys25. The rate and mechanism of inactivation were highly dependent on the structure of the organometallic entity attached to the maleimide group. Combined ESI-MS and IR analysis indicated that all the resulting papain adducts contained one organometallic moiety per protein molecule. This confirmed that chemospecific introduction of the metal complexes was indeed achieved. Thus, three novel reagents for heavy-atom derivatization of protein crystals, which include ruthenium, rhenium and tungsten, are now available for the introduction of electron-dense scatterers for phasing of X-ray crystallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Haquette
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires (UMR CNRS 7576), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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52
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Creus M, Ward TR. Designed evolution of artificial metalloenzymes: protein catalysts made to order. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1835-44. [PMID: 17551630 DOI: 10.1039/b702068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes based on biotin-streptavidin technology, a "fusion" of chemistry and biology, illustrate how asymmetric catalysts can be improved and evolved using chemogenetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Creus
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, C.P. 158, Neuchâtel, CH-2009, Switzerland.
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53
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Wu X, Xiao J. Aqueous-phase asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones ? a greener approach to chiral alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2449-66. [PMID: 17563797 DOI: 10.1039/b618340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) has emerged as a practical, powerful alternative to asymmetric hydrogenation for the production of chiral alcohols, one of the most valuable intermediates in chemical synthesis. In the last a few years, ATH in neat water has proved to be viable, affording chiral alcohols in fast rates, high productivity and high enantioselectivity. The reduction can be carried out with unmodified or tailor-made catalysts by using mild, readily available formate salt as reductant with no organic solvents required, thus providing a simple, economic and green pathway for alcohol production. This Feature Article attempts to present an account of the progress made on aqueous-phase transfer hydrogenation (TH) reactions, with a focus on ATH. The coverage includes a brief background of the chemistry, TH and ATH reactions in water, and the mechanistic aspects of the aqueous-phase reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Liverpool Centre for Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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54
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of DNA and RNA structures is their elegant chirality. Using these chiral structures to induce enantioselectivity in chemical synthesis is as enticing as it is challenging. In recent years, three general approaches have been developed to achieve this, including chirality transfer by nucleotide templated synthesis, enantioselective catalysis by RNA/DNAzymes and DNA-based asymmetric catalysis. In this article the concepts behind these strategies as well as the important achievements in this field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Roelfes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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55
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Brandau S, Maerten E, Jørgensen KA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Tetrahydrothiophenes by Organocatalytic Domino Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14986-91. [PMID: 17105310 DOI: 10.1021/ja065507+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple approach for the formation of optically active highly functionalized tetrahydrothiophenes, which might find important use in biochemistry, pharmaceutical science, and nanoscience is presented. Development of new organocatalytic Michael-aldol domino reactions is outlined, and with the appropriate choice of additives it is possible to control the regioselectivity of these domino reactions, yielding diastereomerically pure (tetrahydrothiophen-2-yl)phenyl methanones or tetrahydrothiophene carbaldehydes in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities up to 96% ee. The stereochemical outcome of these reactions is investigated, and the mechanism of these organocatalytic domino processes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Brandau
- Danish National Research Foundation, Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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56
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Crobu S, Marchetti M, Sanna G. Studies of interaction between Rh(I) and human serum albumin in a “nanostructured biocatalyst” active in the hydroformylation reaction. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:1514-20. [PMID: 16797714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between Rh(CO)(2)(acac=acetylacetonate ion) and human serum albumin (HSA) in a hydrosoluble nanostructured biocatalyst active in homogeneous hydroformylation was characterised by means of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MALDI-TOFMS substantiates that the biocatalyst consists of a tetrameric structure of HSA that could bind up to 89 Rh(CO)(2)(+) units. A comparison between samples of pure HSA and the biocatalyst, both tryptic digested, showed a significant change in the tertiary structure of the protein in the HSA/Rh adduct, probably ascribable to the interaction of Rh(I) ions with sulphur atoms in the HSA moiety. SEM observations confirmed an evident denaturation of the protein and an outstanding correspondence between the surface distribution of Rh and S atoms; this is indirect evidence that the metal ion interacts strongly mainly with the sulphur atoms. Furthermore, an excellent agreement between calculated and measured (SEM) S/Rh elemental mean ratio was observed. Finally, an electrostatic interaction between Rh(I) and sulphur atoms was ruled out by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Crobu
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55, Porto Conte - Capo Caccia, Km 8,400 Località Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero (SS), Italy
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57
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58
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Abstract
Inorganic chemistry and biology can benefit greatly from each other. Although synthetic and physical inorganic chemistry have been greatly successful in clarifying the role of metal ions in biological systems, the time may now be right to utilize biological systems to advance coordination chemistry. One such example is the use of small, stable, easy-to-make, and well-characterized proteins as ligands to synthesize novel inorganic compounds. This biosynthetic inorganic chemistry is possible thanks to a number of developments in biology. This review summarizes the progress in the synthesis of close models of complex metalloproteins, followed by a description of recent advances in using the approach for making novel compounds that are unprecedented in either inorganic chemistry or biology. The focus is mainly on synthetic "tricks" learned from biology, as well as novel structures and insights obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of this biosynthetic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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59
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Reetz MT, Jiao N. Copper–Phthalocyanine Conjugates of Serum Albumins as Enantioselective Catalysts in Diels–Alder Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Reetz MT, Jiao N. Copper–Phthalocyanine Conjugates of Serum Albumins as Enantioselective Catalysts in Diels–Alder Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2416-9. [PMID: 16528766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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61
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Le Trong I, Humbert N, Ward TR, Stenkamp RE. Crystallographic Analysis of a Full-length Streptavidin with Its C-terminal Polypeptide Bound in the Biotin Binding Site. J Mol Biol 2006; 356:738-45. [PMID: 16384581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a full-length streptavidin has been determined at 1.7 A resolution and shows that the 20 residue extension at the C terminus forms a well-ordered polypeptide loop on the surface of the tetramer. Residues 150-153 of the extension are bound to the ligand-binding site, possibly competing with exogenous ligands. The binding mode of these residues is compared with that of biotin and peptidic ligands. The observed structure helps to rationalize the observations that full-length mature streptavidin binds biotinylated macromolecules with reduced affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde Le Trong
- Departments of Biological Structure and Biochemistry and the Biomolecular Structure Center, University of Washington, Box 357420, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
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62
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Krämer R. Supramolekulare bio-anorganische Hybridkatalysatoren für enantioselektive Umsetzungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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63
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Krämer R. Supramolecular Bioinorganic Hybrid Catalysts for Enantioselective Transformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:858-60. [PMID: 16374790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Krämer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
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64
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Klein G, Humbert N, Gradinaru J, Ivanova A, Gilardoni F, Rusbandi UE, Ward TR. Tailoring the Active Site of Chemzymes by Using a Chemogenetic-Optimization Procedure: Towards Substrate-Specific Artificial Hydrogenases Based on the Biotin-Avidin Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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65
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Klein G, Humbert N, Gradinaru J, Ivanova A, Gilardoni F, Rusbandi UE, Ward TR. Tailoring the Active Site of Chemzymes by Using a Chemogenetic-Optimization Procedure: Towards Substrate-Specific Artificial Hydrogenases Based on the Biotin-Avidin Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7764-7. [PMID: 16276543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Klein
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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66
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Skander M, Malan C, Ivanova A, Ward TR. Chemical optimization of artificial metalloenzymes based on the biotin-avidin technology: (S)-selective and solvent-tolerant hydrogenation catalysts via the introduction of chiral amino acid spacers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4815-7. [PMID: 16193124 DOI: 10.1039/b509015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of biotinylated-[rhodium(diphosphine)]+ complexes, with enantiopure amino acid spacers, in streptavidin affords solvent-tolerant and selective artificial metalloenzymes: up to 91% ee (S) in the hydrogenation of N-protected dehydroamino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Skander
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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