51
|
Bonvini A, Coqueiro AY, Tirapegui J, Calder PC, Rogero MM. Immunomodulatory role of branched-chain amino acids. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:840-856. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonvini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Y Coqueiro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang S, Carriere J, Lin X, Xie N, Feng P. Interplay between Cellular Metabolism and Cytokine Responses during Viral Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100521. [PMID: 30249998 PMCID: PMC6213852 DOI: 10.3390/v10100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immune responses are two fundamental biological processes that serve to protect hosts from viral infection. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to activate metabolism, while inactivating immune responses to achieve maximal reproduction or persistence within their hosts. The two-way virus-host interaction with metabolism and immune responses choreograph cytokine production via reprogramming metabolism of infected cells/hosts. In return, cytokines can affect the metabolism of virus-infected and bystander cells to impede viral replication processes. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the cross-talk between metabolic reprogramming and cytokine responses, and to highlight future potential research topics. Although the focus is placed on viral pathogens, relevant findings from other microbes are integrated to provide an overall picture, particularly when corresponding information on viral infection is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Jessica Carriere
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Na Xie
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Sato R, Kato A, Chimura T, Saitoh SI, Shibata T, Murakami Y, Fukui R, Liu K, Zhang Y, Arii J, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y, Ikenoue T, Barber GN, Manabe T, Kawaguchi Y, Miyake K. Combating herpesvirus encephalitis by potentiating a TLR3-mTORC2 axis. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1071-1082. [PMID: 30201994 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
TLR3 is a sensor of double-stranded RNA that is indispensable for defense against infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the brain. We found here that TLR3 was required for innate immune responses to HSV-1 in neurons and astrocytes. During infection with HSV-1, TLR3 recruited the metabolic checkpoint kinase complex mTORC2, which led to the induction of chemokines and trafficking of TLR3 to the cell periphery. Such trafficking enabled the activation of molecules (including mTORC1) required for the induction of type I interferons. Intracranial infection of mice with HSV-1 was exacerbated by impairment of TLR3 responses with an inhibitor of mTOR and was significantly 'rescued' by potentiation of TLR3 responses with an agonistic antibody to TLR3. These results suggest that the TLR3-mTORC2 axis might be a therapeutic target through which to combat herpes simplex encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sato
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kato
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Chimura
- Division of Neuronal Network, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murakami
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukui
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yun Zhang
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Arii
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Science, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Glen N Barber
- UM/Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Toshiya Manabe
- Division of Neuronal Network, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
The effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on immunological function and identify its anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity based on the biological network. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12680. [PMID: 30139984 PMCID: PMC6107651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) has shown positive effects for tumor treatment. However, the molecular mechanism of GLE treatment is unknown. In this study, a Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL/6 mouse model was established to explore the anti-tumor and immunostimulatory activity of GLE treatment. The results showed that GLE effectively inhibited tumor growth without hepatic/renal toxicity and bone marrow suppression, and might enhancing immunological function. Based on the mRNA profiles of GLE treated and untreated mice, 302 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were identified and 6 kernel mRNAs were identified from the established protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Quantitative RT-PCR and western-blot analysis indicated that 6 mRNAs have had statistically significant differences between the GLE treated and untreated mice. Furthermore, four kernel pathways were isolated from the KEGG-Target network, including the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Western-blot and cytokine detection results demonstrated that GLE suppressed growth and proliferation of tumors by the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, but also regulated the expression levels of serum immune cytokines and improved the anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity.
Collapse
|
55
|
Fensterheim BA, Young JD, Luan L, Kleinbard RR, Stothers CL, Patil NK, McAtee-Pereira AG, Guo Y, Trenary I, Hernandez A, Fults JB, Williams DL, Sherwood ER, Bohannon JK. The TLR4 Agonist Monophosphoryl Lipid A Drives Broad Resistance to Infection via Dynamic Reprogramming of Macrophage Metabolism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3777-3789. [PMID: 29686054 PMCID: PMC5964009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a clinically used TLR4 agonist that has been found to drive nonspecific resistance to infection for up to 2 wk. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring protection are not well understood. In this study, we found that MPLA prompts resistance to infection, in part, by inducing a sustained and dynamic metabolic program in macrophages that supports improved pathogen clearance. Mice treated with MPLA had enhanced resistance to infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans that was associated with augmented microbial clearance and organ protection. Tissue macrophages, which exhibited augmented phagocytosis and respiratory burst after MPLA treatment, were required for the beneficial effects of MPLA. Further analysis of the macrophage phenotype revealed that early TLR4-driven aerobic glycolysis was later coupled with mitochondrial biogenesis, enhanced malate shuttling, and increased mitochondrial ATP production. This metabolic program was initiated by overlapping and redundant contributions of MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways as well as downstream mTOR activation. Blockade of mTOR signaling inhibited the development of the metabolic and functional macrophage phenotype and ablated MPLA-induced resistance to infection in vivo. Our findings reveal that MPLA drives macrophage metabolic reprogramming that evolves over a period of days to support a macrophage phenotype highly effective at mediating microbe clearance and that this results in nonspecific resistance to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Fensterheim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Ruby R Kleinbard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Cody L Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | | | - Yin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Irina Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Jessica B Fults
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
| | - Edward R Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Julia K Bohannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Xu R, Lin J, Zhao GQ, Li C, Che CY, Xu Q, Liu M. Production of interleukin-1β related to mammalian target of rapamycin/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway during Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the mouse cornea. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:712-718. [PMID: 29862167 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus)-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A. fumigatus keratitis is associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. METHODS Fungal keratitis mouse models of susceptible C57BL/6 mice were established using A. fumigatus. The mice were subsequently treated with rapamycin. The protein levels of p-mTOR, TLR4, and IL-1β in normal and infected corneal tissue were measured by Western blot. The TLR4 and IL-1β mRNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS In C57BL/6 mice, rapamycin treatment decreased the clinical scores and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. The expression of TLR4, stimulated by A. fumigatus, was reduced as well when the mTOR signaling pathway was suppressed by rapamycin. CONCLUSION Rapamycin is beneficial for the outcome of fungal keratitis and has an inhibitory effect expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. The inhibitory effect on IL-1β expression can be associated with the mTOR/TLR4 signaling pathway in A. fumigatus infection in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kipp KR, Kruger SL, Schimmel MF, Parker N, Shillingford JM, Leamon CP, Weimbs T. Comparison of folate-conjugated rapamycin versus unconjugated rapamycin in an orthologous mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F395-F405. [PMID: 29717938 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00057.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a very common genetic disease leading to renal failure. Numerous aberrantly regulated signaling pathways have been identified as promising molecular drug targets for ADPKD therapy. In rodent models, many small-molecule drugs against such targets have proven effective in reducing renal cyst growth. For example, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with rapamycin greatly ameliorates renal cystic disease in several rodent models. However, clinical trials with mTOR inhibitors were disappointing largely due to the intolerable extrarenal side effects during long-term treatment with these drugs. Most other potential drug targets in ADPKD are also widely expressed in extrarenal tissues, which makes it likely that untargeted therapies with small-molecule inhibitors against such targets will lead to systemic adverse effects during the necessary long-term treatment of years and decades in ADPKD patients. To overcome this problem, we previously demonstrated that folate-conjugated rapamycin (FC-rapa) targets polycystic kidneys due to the high expression of the folate receptor (FRα) and that treatment of a nonortholgous PKD mouse model leads to inhibition of renal cyst growth. Here we show, in a head-to-head comparison with unconjugated rapamycin, that FCrapa inhibits renal cyst growth, mTOR activation, cell cycling, and fibrosis in an orthologous Pkd1 mouse model. Both unconjugated rapamycin and FC-rapa are similarly effective on polycystic kidneys in this model. However, FC-rapa lacks the extrarenal effects of unconjugated rapamycin, in particular immunosuppressive effects. We conclude that folate-conjugation is a promising avenue for increasing the tissue specificity of small-molecule compounds to facilitate very long-term treatment in ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Kipp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California , Santa Barbara, California
| | - Samantha L Kruger
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California , Santa Barbara, California
| | - Margaret F Schimmel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California , Santa Barbara, California
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology; and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California , Santa Barbara, California
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Van Laecke S, Malfait T, Schepers E, Van Biesen W. Cardiovascular disease after transplantation: an emerging role of the immune system. Transpl Int 2018; 31:689-699. [PMID: 29611220 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) after transplantation remains a major concern. Little is known about what drives the increased cardiovascular risk in transplant recipients apart from traditional risk factors. The immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease in the general population. Recently, inhibition of interleukin 1 - β by canakinumab versus placebo decreased the incidence of cardiovascular events. Emerging evidence points to a role of adaptive cellular immunity in the development of CVD. Especially, expansion of pro-inflammatory and antiapoptotic cytotoxic CD4+ CD28null T cells is closely associated with incident CVD in various study populations including transplant recipients. The association of cytomegalovirus exposure with increased cardiovascular mortality might be explained by its capacity to upregulate these cytotoxic cells. Also, humoral immunity seems to be relevant for cardiovascular outcome in transplant recipients. Panel-reactive antibodies at baseline and donor-specific antibodies are independently associated with poor cardiovascular outcome after kidney transplantation. Cardiovascular effects of immunosuppressive drugs and statins do not only imply indirect positive or negative effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors but also intrinsic immunological effects. How immunosuppressive drugs modify atherosclerosis largely remains elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Malfait
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Schepers
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Granata S, Santoro G, Masola V, Tomei P, Sallustio F, Pontrelli P, Accetturo M, Antonucci N, Carratù P, Lupo A, Zaza G. In Vitro Identification of New Transcriptomic and miRNomic Profiles Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by High Doses Everolimus: Looking for New Pathogenetic Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041250. [PMID: 29677166 PMCID: PMC5979287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of Everolimus (EVE), a mTOR inhibitor used in transplantation and cancer, is often associated with adverse effects including pulmonary fibrosis. Although the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified, this condition could be in part caused by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of airway cells. To improve our knowledge, primary bronchial epithelial cells (BE63/3) were treated with EVE (5 and 100 nM) for 24 h. EMT markers (α-SMA, vimentin, fibronectin) were measured by RT-PCR. Transepithelial resistance was measured by Millicell-ERS ohmmeter. mRNA and microRNA profiling were performed by Illumina and Agilent kit, respectively. Only high dose EVE increased EMT markers and reduced the transepithelial resistance of BE63/3. Bioinformatics showed 125 de-regulated genes that, according to enrichment analysis, were implicated in collagen synthesis/metabolism. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was one of the higher up-regulated mRNA. Five nM EVE was ineffective on the pro-fibrotic machinery. Additionally, 3 miRNAs resulted hyper-expressed after 100 nM EVE and able to regulate 31 of the genes selected by the transcriptomic analysis (including CTGF). RT-PCR and western blot for MMP12 and CTGF validated high-throughput results. Our results revealed a complex biological network implicated in EVE-related pulmonary fibrosis and underlined new potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Gloria Santoro
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Paola Tomei
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Matteo Accetturo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nadia Antonucci
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Carratù
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Panda SK, Facchinetti V, Voynova E, Hanabuchi S, Karnell JL, Hanna RN, Kolbeck R, Sanjuan MA, Ettinger R, Liu YJ. Galectin-9 inhibits TLR7-mediated autoimmunity in murine lupus models. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1873-1887. [PMID: 29611821 DOI: 10.1172/jci97333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled secretion of type I IFN, as the result of endosomal TLR (i.e., TLR7 and TLR9) signaling in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and abnormal production of autoantibodies by B cells are critical for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. The importance of galectin-9 (Gal-9) in regulating various autoimmune diseases, including lupus, has been demonstrated. However, the precise mechanism by which Gal-9 mediates this effect remains unclear. Here, using spontaneous murine models of lupus (i.e., BXSB/MpJ and NZB/W F1 mice), we demonstrate that administration of Gal-9 results in reduced TLR7-mediated autoimmune manifestations. While investigating the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we observed that Gal-9 inhibits the phenotypic maturation of pDCs and B cells and abrogates their ability to mount cytokine responses to TLR7/TLR9 ligands. Importantly, immunocomplex-mediated (IC-mediated) and neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated (NET-mediated) pDC activation was inhibited by Gal-9. Additionally, the mTOR/p70S6K pathway, which is recruited by both pDCs and B cells for TLR-mediated IFN secretion and autoantibody generation, respectively, was attenuated. Gal-9 was found to exert its inhibitory effect on both the cells by interacting with CD44.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Panda
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Shino Hanabuchi
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Jun Liu
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Rojas Márquez JD, Ana Y, Baigorrí RE, Stempin CC, Cerban FM. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition in Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Macrophages Leads to an Intracellular Profile That Is Detrimental for Infection. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515594 PMCID: PMC5826284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of Chagas’ disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, affects approximately 10 million people living mainly in Latin America, with macrophages being one of the first cellular actors confronting the invasion during T. cruzi infection and their function depending on their proper activation and polarization into distinct M1 and M2 subtypes. Macrophage polarization is thought to be regulated not only by cytokines and growth factors but also by environmental signals. The metabolic checkpoint kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated sensing of environmental and metabolic cues influences macrophage polarization in a complex and as of yet incompletely understood manner. Here, we studied the role of the mTOR pathway in macrophages during T. cruzi infection. We demonstrated that the parasite activated mTOR, which was beneficial for its replication since inhibition of mTOR in macrophages by different inhibitors decreased parasite replication. Moreover, in rapamycin pretreated and infected macrophages, we observed a decreased arginase activity and expression, reduced IL-10 and increased interleukin-12 production, compared to control infected macrophages treated with DMSO. Surprisingly, we also found a reduced iNOS activity and expression in these macrophages. Therefore, we investigated possible alternative mechanisms involved in controlling parasite replication in rapamycin pretreated and infected macrophages. Although, cytoplasmic ROS and the enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) were not involved, we observed a significant increase in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β production. Taking into account that IL-1β is produced by activation of the cytoplasmic receptor NLRP3, which is one of the main components of the inflammasome, we evaluated NLRP3 expression during mTOR inhibition and T. cruzi infection. We observed that rapamycin-pretreated and infected macrophages showed a significant increase in NLRP3 expression and produced higher levels of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) compared with control cells. Moreover, inhibition of mtROS production partially reversed the effect of rapamycin on parasite replication, with there being a significant increase in parasite load in rapamycin pretreated and infected macrophages from NLRP3 KO mice compared to wild-type control cells. Our findings strongly suggest that mTOR inhibition during T. cruzi infection induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mtROS production, resulting in an inflammatory-like macrophage profile that controls T. cruzi replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge David Rojas Márquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yamile Ana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruth Eliana Baigorrí
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Carolina Stempin
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabio Marcelo Cerban
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lee K, Kwak JH, Pyo S. Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in macrophages through suppression of PI3K/NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2018; 7:3073-82. [PMID: 27264984 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00187d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many tryptophan metabolites have immunomodulatory effects on various immune cells. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid (3-HAA) is a tryptophan metabolite reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of this activity is unclear. The present study examined the immunomodulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of 3-HAA on macrophages. Pretreatment of 3-HAA (0.1-10 μg mL(-1)) for 2 h markedly inhibited NO and cytokine production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Moreover, translocation and activation of NF-κB by LPS in the nucleus were abrogated through the prevention of IκB degradation by 3-HAA treatment. 3-HAA significantly suppressed LPS-induced PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, whereas MAPKs were not affected by 3-HAA treatment. Furthermore, the inhibition of mTOR by 3-HAA resulted in decreased production of inflammatory mediators and NF-κB activity. Similar results were also observed in primary peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, 3-HAA modulated macrophage polarization. Collectively, the results suggest that 3-HAA has an immunomodulatory effect that may result from inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB activation, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungran Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Bodur C, Kazyken D, Huang K, Ekim Ustunel B, Siroky KA, Tooley AS, Gonzalez IE, Foley DH, Acosta-Jaquez HA, Barnes TM, Steinl GK, Cho KW, Lumeng CN, Riddle SM, Myers MG, Fingar DC. The IKK-related kinase TBK1 activates mTORC1 directly in response to growth factors and innate immune agonists. EMBO J 2018; 37:19-38. [PMID: 29150432 PMCID: PMC5753041 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune kinase TBK1 initiates inflammatory responses to combat infectious pathogens by driving production of type I interferons. TBK1 also controls metabolic processes and promotes oncogene-induced cell proliferation and survival. Here, we demonstrate that TBK1 activates mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) directly. In cultured cells, TBK1 associates with and activates mTORC1 through site-specific mTOR phosphorylation (on S2159) in response to certain growth factor receptors (i.e., EGF-receptor but not insulin receptor) and pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) (i.e., TLR3; TLR4), revealing a stimulus-selective role for TBK1 in mTORC1 regulation. By studying cultured macrophages and those isolated from genome edited mTOR S2159A knock-in mice, we show that mTOR S2159 phosphorylation promotes mTORC1 signaling, IRF3 nuclear translocation, and IFN-β production. These data demonstrate a direct mechanistic link between TBK1 and mTORC1 function as well as physiologic significance of the TBK1-mTORC1 axis in control of innate immune function. These data unveil TBK1 as a direct mTORC1 activator and suggest unanticipated roles for mTORC1 downstream of TBK1 in control of innate immunity, tumorigenesis, and disorders linked to chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Bodur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dubek Kazyken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kezhen Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bilgen Ekim Ustunel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate A Siroky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Seth Tooley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian E Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel H Foley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hugo A Acosta-Jaquez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tammy M Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabrielle K Steinl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kae-Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane C Fingar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Ghosh A, Tyson T, George S, Hildebrandt EN, Steiner JA, Madaj Z, Schulz E, Machiela E, McDonald WG, Escobar Galvis ML, Kordower JH, Van Raamsdonk JM, Colca JR, Brundin P. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates autophagy, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:368ra174. [PMID: 27928028 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction as well as neuroinflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that targeting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), a key controller of cellular metabolism that influences mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation, might attenuate neurodegeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in animal models of PD. To test this, we used MSDC-0160, a compound that specifically targets MPC, to reduce its activity. MSDC-0160 protected against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) insult in murine and cultured human midbrain dopamine neurons and in an α-synuclein-based Caenorhabditis elegans model. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice, MSDC-0160 improved locomotor behavior, increased survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons, boosted striatal dopamine levels, and reduced neuroinflammation. Long-term targeting of MPC preserved motor function, rescued the nigrostriatal pathway, and reduced neuroinflammation in the slowly progressive Engrailed1 (En1+/-) genetic mouse model of PD. Targeting MPC in multiple models resulted in modulation of mitochondrial function and mTOR signaling, with normalization of autophagy and a reduction in glial cell activation. Our work demonstrates that changes in metabolic signaling resulting from targeting MPC were neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in several PD models, suggesting that MPC may be a useful therapeutic target in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Ghosh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Trevor Tyson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sonia George
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Erin N Hildebrandt
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jennifer A Steiner
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Emily Schulz
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Emily Machiela
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Martha L Escobar Galvis
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Department of Pathology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jerry R Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Soltani A, Bahreyni A, Boroumand N, Roshan MK, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Soleimanpour S, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of mTOR signaling pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of proinflammatory diseases, current status, and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4783-4790. [PMID: 29165795 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway controls cell energy metabolism. There is an interplay between mTOR and proinflammatory signaling pathways, supporting the role of the pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of mTOR signaling using specific pharmacological inhibitors could offer therapeutic promise in several inflammatory-associated diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulatory effects of mTOR signaling on inflammation and the therapeutic potency of mTOR pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis for a better understanding and hence a better management of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Soltani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi Roshan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Novák J, Fabrik I, Linhartová I, Link M, Černý O, Stulík J, Šebo P. Phosphoproteomics of cAMP signaling of Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin in mouse dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16298. [PMID: 29176673 PMCID: PMC5701129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis subverts immune functions of host myeloid cells expressing the αMβ2 integrin (CD11b/CD18, CR3 or Mac-1). CyaA delivers into cytosol of cells an extremely catalytically active adenylyl cyclase enzyme, which disrupts the innate and adaptive immune functions of phagocytes through unregulated production of the key signaling molecule cAMP. We have used phosphoproteomics to analyze cAMP signaling of CyaA in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. CyaA action resulted in alterations of phosphorylation state of a number of proteins that regulate actin cytoskeleton homeostasis, including Mena, Talin-1 and VASP. CyaA action repressed mTOR signaling through activation of mTORC1 inhibitors TSC2 and PRAS40 and altered phosphorylation of multiple chromatin remodelers, including the class II histone deacetylase HDAC5. CyaA toxin action further elicited inhibitory phosphorylation of SIK family kinases involved in modulation of immune response and provoked dephosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator CRTC3, indicating that CyaA-promoted nuclear translocation of CRTC3 may account for CyaA-induced IL-10 production. These findings document the complexity of subversive physiological manipulation of myeloid phagocytes by the CyaA toxin, serving in immune evasion of the pertussis agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novák
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Link
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Černý
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Stulík
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Šebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
TLR7 mediated viral recognition results in focal type I interferon secretion by dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1592. [PMID: 29150602 PMCID: PMC5693993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) sense viral RNA through toll-like
receptor 7 (TLR7), form self-adhesive pDC–pDC clusters, and produce type I
interferons. This cell adhesion enhances type I interferon production, but little is
known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we show that MyD88-dependent TLR7
signaling activates CD11a/CD18 integrin to induce microtubule elongation.
TLR7+ lysosomes then become linked with these
microtubules through the GTPase Arl8b and its effector SKIP/Plekhm2, resulting in
perinuclear to peripheral relocalization of TLR7. The type I interferon signaling
molecules TRAF3, IKKα, and mTORC1 are constitutively associated in pDCs. TLR7
localizes to mTORC1 and induces association of TRAF3 with the upstream molecule
TRAF6. Finally, type I interferons are secreted in the vicinity of cell–cell
contacts between clustered pDCs. These results suggest that TLR7 needs to move to
the cell periphery to induce robust type I interferon responses in pDCs. Antiviral immune responses involve clustering of plasmacytoid
dendritic cells (pDC) in response to endosomal TLR7-mediated sensing of viral RNA.
Here the authors show the GTPase Arl8b controls translocation of
TLR7+ endosomes to the periphery of the cell via
microtubule interactions, thus enabling pDC clustering and type I interferon
production.
Collapse
|
68
|
Sintes J, Gentile M, Zhang S, Garcia-Carmona Y, Magri G, Cassis L, Segura-Garzón D, Ciociola A, Grasset EK, Bascones S, Comerma L, Pybus M, Lligé D, Puga I, Gutzeit C, He B, DuBois W, Crespo M, Pascual J, Mensa A, Aróstegui JI, Juan M, Yagüe J, Serrano S, Lloreta J, Meffre E, Hahne M, Cunningham-Rundles C, Mock BA, Cerutti A. mTOR intersects antibody-inducing signals from TACI in marginal zone B cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1462. [PMID: 29133782 PMCID: PMC5684130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) enhances immunity in addition to orchestrating metabolism. Here we show that mTOR coordinates immunometabolic reconfiguration of marginal zone (MZ) B cells, a pre-activated lymphocyte subset that mounts antibody responses to T-cell-independent antigens through a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-amplified pathway involving transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). This receptor interacts with mTOR via the TLR adapter MyD88. The resulting mTOR activation instigates MZ B-cell proliferation, immunoglobulin G (IgG) class switching, and plasmablast differentiation through a rapamycin-sensitive pathway that integrates metabolic and antibody-inducing transcription programs, including NF-κB. Disruption of TACI-mTOR interaction by rapamycin, truncation of the MyD88-binding domain of TACI, or B-cell-conditional mTOR deficiency interrupts TACI signaling via NF-κB and cooperation with TLRs, thereby hampering IgG production to T-cell-independent antigens but not B-cell survival. Thus, mTOR drives innate-like antibody responses by linking proximal TACI signaling events with distal immunometabolic transcription programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sintes
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Gentile
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yolanda Garcia-Carmona
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Giuliana Magri
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Linda Cassis
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Daniel Segura-Garzón
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Alessandra Ciociola
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Bascones
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Pybus
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - David Lligé
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Irene Puga
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Cindy Gutzeit
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wendy DuBois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marta Crespo
- Department of Nephrology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Anna Mensa
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | | | - Manel Juan
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Jordi Yagüe
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Sergi Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Michael Hahne
- Molecular Genetics Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Comparative effects of schisandrin A, B, and C on Propionibacterium acnes-induced, NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:129-136. [PMID: 28972885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes, a common pathogen associated with acne, is also responsible for various surgical infections. Schisandrin A, schisandrin B and schisandrin C, the representative lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. extract, inhibit P. acnes-induced inflammation. However, their effects on P. acnes-induced IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of schisandrin A, B, and C (Sch A, B, and C) on IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis in P. acnes-infected THP-1 cells. As NLRP3 plays important roles in P. acnes-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis, we also investigated the effects of Schs on P. acnes-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by measuring the levels of NLRP3, active caspase-1, and mature IL-1β, and activity of caspase-1. Our results showed that Sch A, B, and C suppressed P. acnes-induced pyroptosis. Further, the three lignans significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with the following potency: Sch C > Sch B > Sch A. Three lignans also inhibited the production of mitochondrial ROS and ATP release. Additionally, Sch B and C almost completely prevented the efflux of K+., whereas Sch A had a relatively weak effect. Collectively, our novel findings showed that Sch A, B, and C effectively suppressed IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in P. acnes-infected THP-1 cells. Thus, Schs may be promising agents for the treatment of P. acnes-related infections.
Collapse
|
70
|
Structure-Function Relationships Underlying the Capacity of Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin to Disarm Host Phagocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100300. [PMID: 28946636 PMCID: PMC5666347 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetellae, pathogenic to mammals, produce an immunomodulatory adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC-Hly) that enables them to overcome the innate immune defense of the host. CyaA subverts host phagocytic cells by an orchestrated action of its functional domains, where an extremely catalytically active adenylyl cyclase enzyme is delivered into phagocyte cytosol by a pore-forming repeat-in-toxin (RTX) cytolysin moiety. By targeting sentinel cells expressing the complement receptor 3, known as the CD11b/CD18 (αMβ₂) integrin, CyaA compromises the bactericidal functions of host phagocytes and supports infection of host airways by Bordetellae. Here, we review the state of knowledge on structural and functional aspects of CyaA toxin action, placing particular emphasis on signaling mechanisms by which the toxin-produced 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) subverts the physiology of phagocytic cells.
Collapse
|
71
|
Kamaladevi A, Balamurugan K. Global Proteomics Revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae Induced Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway during Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:393. [PMID: 28932706 PMCID: PMC5592217 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The enterobacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae invades the intestinal epithelium of humans by interfering with multiple host cell response. To uncover a system-level overview of host response during infection, we analyzed the global dynamics of protein profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans using quantitative proteomics approach. Comparison of protein samples of nematodes exposed to K. pneumoniae for 12, 24, and 36 h by 2DE revealed several changes in host proteome. A total of 266 host-encoded proteins were identified by 2DE MALDI-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS and the interacting partners of the identified proteins were predicted by STRING 10.0 analysis. In order to understand the interacting partners of regulatory proteins with similar or close pI ranges, a liquid IEF was performed and the isolated fractions containing proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Functional bioinformatics analysis on identified proteins deciphered that they were mostly related to the metabolism, dauer formation, apoptosis, endocytosis, signal transduction, translation, developmental, and reproduction process. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that the metabolic process as the most overrepresented pathway regulated against K. pneumoniae infection. The dauer-like formation in infected C. elegans along with intestinal atrophy and ROS during the physiological analysis indicated that the regulation of metabolic pathway is probably through the involvement of mTOR. Immunoblot analysis supported the above notion that the K. pneumoniae infection induced protein mis-folding in host by involving PI3Kinase/AKT-1/mTOR mediated pathway. Furthermore, the susceptibility of pdi-2, akt-1, and mTOR C. elegans mutants confirmed the role and involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mediating protein mis-folding which appear to be translating the vulnerability of host defense toward K. pneumoniae infection.
Collapse
|
72
|
Schülke S, Fiedler AH, Junker AC, Flaczyk A, Wolfheimer S, Wangorsch A, Heinz A, Beckert H, Nagl B, Bohle B, Vieths S, Toda M, Scheurer S. Critical role of mammalian target of rapamycin for IL-10 dendritic cell induction by a flagellin A conjugate in preventing allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1786-1798.e11. [PMID: 28886863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusion proteins incorporating the Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin are currently undergoing clinical trials as vaccine candidates for many diseases. OBJECTIVE We studied the mechanisms of immune modulation by a flagellin:allergen fusion protein containing the Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin A from Listeria monocytogenes and the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 (recombinant flagellin A [rFlaA]:Betv1). METHODS BALB/c mice were vaccinated with rFlaA:Betv1 in an experimental Bet v 1 sensitization model. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) were differentiated from mouse bone marrow, and PBMCs were isolated from subjects with birch pollen allergy. Cells were stimulated with equimolar amounts of rFlaA, rBet v 1, rFlaA plus rBet v 1, or the rFlaA:Betv1 conjugate and analyzed for cell activation, cytokine secretion, and metabolic state. RESULTS rFlaA:Betv1 displayed strong immune-modulating properties both in vivo and in vitro, as characterized by secretion of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines from murine mDCs and PBMCs from patients with birch allergy. rFlaA:Betv1 suppressed TH2 responses from Bet v 1-specific CD4+ T cells and prevented allergic sensitization in a mouse allergy model. Aggregation of rFlaA:Betv1 resulted in stronger protein uptake accompanied by an increased resistance to microsomal digestion. Remarkably, rFlaA:Betv1 induced activation of mammalian target of rapamycin, which increased the metabolic activity of the stimulated mDCs. rFlaA:Betv1-mediated IL-10 secretion, but not proinflammatory cytokine secretion, was inhibited by rapamycin in mDCs. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that mammalian target of rapamycin is a key player involved in prevention of TH2 responses by flagellin A conjugate vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Adam Flaczyk
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Anke Heinz
- Pulmonary Department III, Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Beckert
- Department of Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisberg-Essen, Germany
| | - Birgit Nagl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Masako Toda
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Linke M, Fritsch SD, Sukhbaatar N, Hengstschläger M, Weichhart T. mTORC1 and mTORC2 as regulators of cell metabolism in immunity. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3089-3103. [PMID: 28600802 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that senses intra- and extracellular nutrients, growth factors, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns to regulate the function of innate and adaptive immune cell populations. In this review, we focus on the role of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 in the regulation of the cellular energy metabolism of these immune cells to regulate and support immune responses. In this regard, mTORC1 and mTORC2 generally promote an anabolic response by stimulating protein synthesis, glycolysis, mitochondrial functions, and lipid synthesis to influence proliferation and survival, effector and memory responses, innate training and tolerance as well as hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Deactivation of mTOR restores cell homeostasis after immune activation and optimizes antigen presentation and memory T-cell generation. These findings show that the mTOR pathway integrates spatiotemporal information of the environmental and cellular energy status by regulating cellular metabolic responses to guide immune cell activation. Elucidation of the metabolic control mechanisms of immune responses will help to generate a systemic understanding of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Deborah Fritsch
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Nishijima N, Hirai T, Misato K, Aoyama M, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ, Higashisaka K, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Human Scavenger Receptor A1-Mediated Inflammatory Response to Silica Particle Exposure Is Size Specific. Front Immunol 2017; 8:379. [PMID: 28421077 PMCID: PMC5377922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in the health care setting has many potential benefits; however, our understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles and our immune system remains incomplete. Although many of the biological effects of nanoparticles are negatively correlated with particle size, some are clearly size specific and the mechanisms underlying these size-specific biological effects remain unknown. Here, we examined the pro-inflammatory effects of silica particles in THP-1 cells with respect to particle size; a large overall size range with narrow intervals between particle diameters (particle diameter: 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, 300, and 1,000 nm) was used. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by exposure to the silica particles had a bell-shaped distribution, where the maximal secretion was induced by silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 nm and particles with smaller or larger diameters had progressively less effect. We found that blockade of IL-1β secretion markedly inhibited TNF-α secretion, suggesting that IL-1β is upstream of TNF-α in the inflammatory cascade induced by exposure to silica particles, and that the induction of IL-1β secretion was dependent on both the NLRP3 inflammasome and on uptake of the silica particles into the cells via endocytosis. However, a quantitative analysis of silica particle uptake showed that IL-1β secretion was not correlated with the amount of silica particles taken up by the cells. Further investigation revealed that the induction of IL-1β secretion and uptake of silica nanoparticles with diameters of 50 or 100 nm, but not of 10 or 1,000 nm, was dependent on scavenger receptor (SR) A1. In addition, of the silica particles examined, only those with a diameter of 50 nm induced strong IL-1β secretion via activation of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase, a signal mediator of SR A1. Together, our results suggest that the SR A1-mediated pro-inflammatory response is dependent on ligand size and that both SR A1-mediated endocytosis and receptor-mediated signaling are required to produce the maximal pro-inflammatory response to exposure to silica particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Nishijima
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuki Misato
- Vaccine Creation Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Michihiko Aoyama
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Vaccine Creation Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,BIKEN Center for Innovative Vaccine Research and Development, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Pinto A, Jahn A, Immohr MB, Jenke A, Döhrn L, Kornfeld M, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P, Boeken U. Modulation of Immunologic Response by Preventive Everolimus Application in a Rat CPB Model. Inflammation 2017; 39:1771-82. [PMID: 27473158 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus (EVL) is widely used in solid organ transplantation. It is known to have antiproliferative and immunosuppressive abilities via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Preventive EVL administration may lower inflammation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). After oral loading with EVL 2.5 mg/kg/day (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11) for seven consecutive days, male Wistar rats (400-500 g) were connected to a miniaturised heart-lung-machine performing a deep hypothermic circulatory arrest protocol. White blood cells (WBC) were significantly reduced in EVL-pretreated animals before start of CPB with a preserved reduction by trend at all other time points. Ischemia/reperfusion led to decreased glucose levels. Application of EVL significantly increased glucose levels after reperfusion. In addition, potassium levels were significantly lower in EVL-treated animals at the end of reperfusion. Immunoblotting revealed increased S6 levels after CPB. EVL decreased phosphorylation of S6 in the heart and kidney, which indicates an inhibition of mTOR pathway. Moreover, EVL significantly modified phosphorylation of AKT, while decreasing IL2, IL6, RANTES, and TNFα (n = 6). Preventive application of EVL may modulate inflammation by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. This may be beneficial to evade SIRS-related morbidities after CPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pinto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Jahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Jenke
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Döhrn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Kornfeld
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
|
77
|
Temiz-Resitoglu M, Kucukkavruk SP, Guden DS, Cecen P, Sari AN, Tunctan B, Gorur A, Tamer-Gumus L, Buharalioglu CK, Malik KU, Sahan-Firat S. Activation of mTOR/IκB-α/NF-κB pathway contributes to LPS-induced hypotension and inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 802:7-19. [PMID: 28228357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase plays an important role in various pathophysiological processes including cancer, metabolic diseases, and inflammation. Although mTOR participates in Toll-like receptor 4 signalling in different cell types, the role of this enzyme in sepsis pathogenesis and its effects on hypotension and inflammation in endotoxemic rats remains unclear. In this study we investigated the effects of mTOR inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes on expressions and/or activities of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), an mTOR substrate, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor κB (IκB)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 with production of nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, prostacyclin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), which results in hypotension and inflammation. Injection of LPS (10mg/kg, i.p.) to male Wistar rats decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate that were associated with elevated nitrotyrosine, 6-keto-PGF1α, and TNF-α levels and MPO activity, and increased expressions and/or activities of rpS6, NF-κB p65, iNOS, and COX-2 and decreased expression of IκB-α in renal, cardiac, and vascular tissues. LPS also increased serum and tissue nitrite levels. Rapamycin (1mg/kg, i.p.) given one h after injection of LPS reversed these effects of LPS. These data suggest that the activation of mTOR/IκB-α/NF-κB pathway associated with vasodilator and proinflammatory mediator formation contributes to LPS-induced hypotension and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Pelin Cecen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nihal Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Gorur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Lulufer Tamer-Gumus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Kafait U Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Saliba SW, Vieira ELM, Santos RPDM, Candelario-Jalil E, Fiebich BL, Vieira LB, Teixeira AL, de Oliveira ACP. Neuroprotective effects of intrastriatal injection of rapamycin in a mouse model of excitotoxicity induced by quinolinic acid. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:25. [PMID: 28143498 PMCID: PMC5282622 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a kinase involved in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. However, the exact role of mTOR in excitotoxicity is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of mTOR inhibition with rapamycin against neurodegeneration, and motor impairment, as well as inflammatory profile caused by an excitotoxic stimulus. Methods A single and unilateral striatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) was used to induce excitotoxicity in mice. Rapamycin (250 nL of 0.2, 2, or 20 μM; intrastriatal route) was administered 15 min before QA injection. Forty-eight hours after QA administration, rotarod test was performed to evaluate motor coordination and balance. Fluoro-Jade C, Iba-1, and GFAP staining were used to evaluate neuronal cell death, microglia morphology, and astrocytes density, respectively, at this time point. Levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors were measured by ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array 8 h after QA injection. Striatal synaptosomes were used to evaluate the release of glutamate. Results We first demonstrated that rapamycin prevented the motor impairment induced by QA. Moreover, mTOR inhibition also reduced the neurodegeneration and the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by excitotoxic stimulus. The lowest dose of rapamycin also increased the production of IL-10 and prevented the reduction of astrocyte density induced by QA. By using an in vitro approach, we demonstrated that rapamycin differently alters the release of glutamate from striatal synaptosomes induced by QA, reducing or enhancing the release of this neurotransmitter at low or high concentrations, respectively. Conclusion Taken together, these data demonstrated a protective effect of rapamycin against an excitotoxic stimulus. Therefore, this study provides new evidence of the detrimental role of mTOR in neurodegeneration, which might represent an important target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0793-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Rebeca Priscila de Melo Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Fritsch SD, Weichhart T. Effects of Interferons and Viruses on Metabolism. Front Immunol 2016; 7:630. [PMID: 28066439 PMCID: PMC5174094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are potent pleiotropic cytokines that broadly alter cellular functions in response to viral and other infections. These alterations include changes in protein synthesis, proliferation, membrane composition, and the nutritional microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that antiviral responses are supported by an IFN-induced rewiring of the cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss the roles of type I and type II IFNs in regulating the cellular metabolism and biosynthetic reactions. Furthermore, we give an overview of how viruses themselves affect these metabolic activities to promote their replication. In addition, we focus on the lipid as well as amino acid metabolisms, through which IFNs exert potent antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the expression of IFNs is controlled by the nutrient sensor mammalian target of rapamycin or by direct reprograming of lipid metabolic pathways. These findings establish a mutual relationship between IFN production and metabolic core processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Mint3/Apba3 depletion ameliorates severe murine influenza pneumonia and macrophage cytokine production in response to the influenza virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37815. [PMID: 27883071 PMCID: PMC5121658 DOI: 10.1038/srep37815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IFV) infection is a common cause of severe pneumonia. Studies have suggested that excessive activation of the host immune system including macrophages is responsible for the severe pathologies mediated by IFV infection. Here, we focused on the X11 protein family member Mint3/Apba3, known to promote ATP production via glycolysis by activating hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in macrophages, and examined its roles in lung pathogenesis and anti-viral defence upon IFV infection. Mint3-deficient mice exhibited improved influenza pneumonia with reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokine levels and neutrophil infiltration in the IFV-infected lungs without alteration in viral burden, type-I interferon production, or acquired immunity. In macrophages, Mint3 depletion attenuated NF-κB signalling and the resultant cytokine/chemokine production in response to IFV infection by increasing IκBα and activating the cellular energy sensor AMPK, respectively. Thus, Mint3 might represent one of the likely therapeutic targets for the treatment of severe influenza pneumonia without affecting host anti-viral defence through suppressing macrophage cytokine/chemokine production.
Collapse
|
81
|
van Scheppingen J, Broekaart DWM, Scholl T, Zuidberg MRJ, Anink JJ, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Czech T, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Mühlebner A, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Dysregulation of the (immuno)proteasome pathway in malformations of cortical development. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:202. [PMID: 27566410 PMCID: PMC5002182 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The proteasome is a multisubunit enzyme complex involved in protein degradation, which is essential for many cellular processes. During inflammation, the constitutive subunits are replaced by their inducible counterparts, resulting in the formation of the immunoproteasome. Methods We investigated the expression pattern of constitutive (β1, β5) and immunoproteasome (β1i, β5i) subunits using immunohistochemistry in malformations of cortical development (MCD; focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) IIa and b, cortical tubers from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and mild MCD (mMCD)). Glial cells in culture were used to elucidate the mechanisms regulating immunoproteasome subunit expression. Results Increased expression was observed in both FCD II and TSC; β1, β1i, β5, and β5i were detected (within cytosol and nucleus) in dysmorphic neurons, balloon/giant cells, and reactive astrocytes. Glial and neuronal nuclear expression positively correlated with seizure frequency. Positive correlation was also observed between the glial expression of constitutive and immunoproteasome subunits and IL-1β. Accordingly, the proteasome subunit expression was modulated by IL-1β in human astrocytes in vitro. Expression of both constitutive and immunoproteasome subunits in FCD II-derived astroglial cultures was negatively regulated by treatment with the immunomodulatory drug rapamycin (inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is activated in both TSC and FCD II). Conclusions These observations support the dysregulation of the proteasome system in both FCD and TSC and provide new insights on the mechanism of regulation the (immuno)proteasome in astrocytes and the molecular links between inflammation, mTOR activation, and epilepsy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0662-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J van Scheppingen
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D W M Broekaart
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M R J Zuidberg
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Anink
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J A Hainfellner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Mühlebner
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A van Vliet
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Academic Medical Center, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), ᅟ, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Microfilariae of Brugia malayi Inhibit the mTOR Pathway and Induce Autophagy in Human Dendritic Cells. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2463-72. [PMID: 27297394 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00174-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune modulation is a hallmark of patent filarial infection, including suppression of antigen-presenting cell function and downmodulation of filarial antigen-specific T cell responses. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in immune regulation, not only by suppressing T cell responses but also by regulating autophagy (through mTOR sensing amino acid availability). Global proteomic analysis (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) of microfilaria (mf)-exposed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) indicated that multiple components of the mTOR signaling pathway, including mTOR, eIF4A, and eIF4E, are downregulated by mf, suggesting that mf target this pathway for immune modulation in DC. Utilizing Western blot analysis, we demonstrate that similar to rapamycin (a known mTOR inhibitor), mf downregulate the phosphorylation of mTOR and its regulatory proteins, p70S6K1 and 4E-BP1, a process essential for DC protein synthesis. As active mTOR signaling regulates autophagy, we examined whether mf exposure alters autophagy-associated processes. mf-induced autophagy was reflected in marked upregulation of phosphorylated Beclin 1, known to play an important role in both autophagosome formation and autolysosome fusion, in induction of LC3II, a marker of autophagosome formation, and in induced degradation of p62, a ubiquitin-binding protein that aggregates protein in autophagosomes and is degraded upon autophagy that was reduced significantly by mf exposure and by rapamycin. Together, these results suggest that Brugia malayi mf employ mechanisms of metabolic modulation in DC to influence the regulation of the host immune response by downregulating mTOR signaling, resulting in increased autophagy. Whether this is a result of the parasite-secreted rapamycin homolog is currently under study.
Collapse
|
83
|
Vangan N, Cao Y, Jia X, Bao W, Wang Y, He Q, Binderiya U, Feng X, Li T, Hao H, Wang Z. mTORC1 mediates peptidoglycan induced inflammatory cytokines expression and NF-κB activation in macrophages. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:111-118. [PMID: 27524262 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is the major structural component of the bacterial cell wall, especially gram positive bacteria, which induces inflammatory responses. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by antigens, while the function of mTORC1 in peptidoglycan induced inflammatory response is unknown. This study aims to examine the role and the regulatory mechanism of mTOR signaling pathway in peptidoglycan induced cytokine expression in mouse macrophages. We observed that peptidoglycan upregulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. mTORC1 positively regulates IL-6 and TNF-α, but negatively regulates IL-10 secretion. mTORC1 regulates NF-κB p65 activation by degrading IκB-α in response to peptidoglycan. mTOR, NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways are involved in peptidoglycan induced inflammatory cytokines expression via a TLR1/TLR2-dependent mechanism in macrophages. Thus, mTORC1 pathway regulates the innate immune response to bacterial peptidoglycan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyamtsengel Vangan
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
| | - Yinfang Cao
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jia
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenlei Bao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiburi He
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Uyanga Binderiya
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Jiang WD, Qu B, Feng L, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Wu P, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Liu Y. Histidine Prevents Cu-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Associated Decreases in mRNA from Encoding Tight Junction Proteins in the Intestine of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157001. [PMID: 27280406 PMCID: PMC4900568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a common heavy metal pollutant in aquatic environments that originates from natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The present study investigated whether Cu causes oxidative damage and induces changes in the expression of genes that encode tight junction (TJ) proteins, cytokines and antioxidant-related genes in the intestine of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We demonstrated that Cu decreases the survival rate of fish and increases oxidative damage as measured by increases in malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents. Cu exposure significantly decreased the expression of genes that encode the tight junction proteins, namely, claudin (CLDN)-c, -3 and -15 as well as occludin and zonula occludens-1, in the intestine of fish. In addition, Cu exposure increases the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically, IL-8, TNF-α and its related signalling factor (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB), which was partly correlated to the decreased mRNA levels of NF-κB inhibitor protein (IκB). These changes were associated with Cu-induced oxidative stress detected by corresponding decreases in glutathione (GSH) content, as well as decreases in the copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and mRNA levels, which were associated with the down-regulated antioxidant signalling factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels, and the Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in the intestine of fish. Histidine supplementation in diets (3.7 up to 12.2 g/kg) blocked Cu-induced changes. These results indicated that Cu-induced decreases in intestinal TJ proteins and cytokine mRNA levels might be partially mediated by oxidative stress and are prevented by histidine supplementation in fish diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Qu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhang X, Ran YG, Wang KJ. Risk of mTOR inhibitors induced severe pneumonitis in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1529-39. [PMID: 27067269 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to determine the overall risk of noninfectious severe pneumonitis associated with mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) in cancer patients. Materials & methods: PubMed, EMBASE and oncology conference proceedings were searched for relevant studies. Results: A total of 8377 patients from 16 randomized controlled trials were included. The incidence of severe pneumonitis associated with mTORi was 1.7% (95% CI: 1.1–2.5%). The use of mTORi significantly increased the risk of severe pneumonitis compared with controls (odds ratio: 3.36; 95% CI: 2.20–5.12). The analysis was stratified for drug types, tumor types, controlled therapy and mTORi-based regimens, but no significant differences in odds ratios were observed. Conclusion: mTORi significantly increase the risk of severe pneumonitis in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yu-ge Ran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kun-jie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Del Mastro L, Cazzaniga M, Solidoro P, Generali D, Bianchi G, Testore F, De Placido S. Everolimus-based therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2(-) advanced breast cancer: management considerations. Future Oncol 2016; 11:2251-4. [PMID: 26260802 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
87
|
Wang B, Feng L, Chen GF, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Jiang J, Tang L, Wu P, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhao J, Zhou XQ. Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) intestinal immune responses, antioxidant status and tight junction protein mRNA expression are modulated via Nrf2 and PKC in response to dietary arginine deficiency. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:116-124. [PMID: 26518504 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dietary arginine on the immune response, antioxidant status and tight junction mRNA expression in the intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 1200 juvenile Jian carp with an average initial weight of 6.33 ± 0.03 g were fed graded levels of arginine (9.8-24.5 g kg(-1) diet) for nine weeks. The study showed that arginine deficiency up-regulated interleukin 1, interleukin 8 and transforming growth factor-β and down-regulated tumour necrosis factor α gene expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, arginine deficiency increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione contents and decreased the activities of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, arginine deficiency significantly increased claudin 7, occludin, protein kinase C, NF-E2-related factor 2 and Kelch-like-ECH- associated protein 1 mRNA expression and decreased SOD1, CAT and GR mRNA expression (P < 0.05). All of these results indicated that arginine deficiency impaired intestinal immune function via the regulation of mRNA expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2/Keap1 and PKC in fish intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Gang-Fu Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
van Scheppingen J, Iyer AM, Prabowo AS, Mühlebner A, Anink JJ, Scholl T, Feucht M, Jansen FE, Spliet WG, Krsek P, Zamecnik J, Buccoliero AM, Giordano F, Genitori L, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Jaworski J, Liszewska E, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Expression of microRNAs miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers and their regulation in human astrocytes and SEGA-derived cell cultures. Glia 2016; 64:1066-82. [PMID: 27014996 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease presenting with multiple neurological symptoms including epilepsy, mental retardation, and autism. Abnormal activation of various inflammatory pathways has been observed in astrocytes in brain lesions associated with TSC. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response. To study the role of inflammation-related microRNAs in TSC, we employed real-time PCR and in situ hybridization to characterize the expression of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in TSC lesions (cortical tubers and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, SEGAs). We observed an increased expression of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in TSC tubers compared with control and perituberal brain tissue. Expression was localized in dysmorphic neurons, giant cells, and reactive astrocytes and positively correlated with IL-1β expression. In addition, cultured human astrocytes and SEGA-derived cell cultures were used to study the regulation of the expression of these miRNAs in response to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and to evaluate the effects of overexpression or knockdown of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 on inflammatory signaling. IL-1β stimulation of cultured glial cells strongly induced intracellular miR21, miR146a, and miR155 expression, as well as miR146a extracellular release. IL-1β signaling was differentially modulated by overexpression of miR155 or miR146a, which resulted in pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. This study provides supportive evidence that inflammation-related microRNAs play a role in TSC. In particular, miR146a and miR155 appear to be key players in the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response, with miR146a as most interesting anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Prabowo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Krsek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A M Buccoliero
- Pathology Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - K Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Jozwiak
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Liszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce Selective Tumor Necrosis Factor Tolerance in a Toll-Like Receptor 4- and mTOR-Dependent Manner. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1194-1204. [PMID: 26857578 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01390-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important member of the anaerobic oral flora. Its presence fosters growth of periodontal biofilm and development of periodontitis. In this study, we demonstrated that lipophilic outer membrane vesicles (OMV) shed from P. gingivalis promote monocyte unresponsiveness to live P. gingivalis but retain reactivity to stimulation with bacterial DNA isolated from P. gingivalis or AIM2 ligand poly(dA·dT). OMV-mediated tolerance of P. gingivalis is characterized by selective abrogation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Neutralization of interleukin-10 (IL-10) during OMV challenge partially restores monocyte responsiveness toP. gingivalis; full reactivity toP. gingivalis can be restored by inhibition of mTOR signaling, which we previously identified as the major signaling pathway promoting Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR2/4)-mediated tolerance in monocytes. However, despite previous reports emphasizing a central role of TLR2 in innate immune recognition of P. gingivalis, our current findings highlight a selective role of TLR4 in the promotion of OMV-mediated TNF tolerance: only blockade of TLR4-and not of TLR2-restores responsiveness toP. gingivalis Of further note, OMV-mediated tolerance is preserved in the presence of cytochalasin B and chloroquine, indicating that triggering of surface TLR4 is sufficient for this effect. Taking the results together, we propose that P. gingivalis OMV contribute to local immune evasion of P. gingivalis by hampering the host response.
Collapse
|
90
|
Phase 2 study of idelalisib and entospletinib: pneumonitis limits combination therapy in relapsed refractory CLL and NHL. Blood 2016; 127:2411-5. [PMID: 26968534 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-683516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although agents targeting B-cell receptor signaling have provided practice-changing results in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), they require prolonged administration and provide incomplete responses. Given synergistic preclinical activity with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition, this phase 2 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of idelalisib and entospletinib. Eligible patients with relapsed or refractory CLL or NHL underwent intrapatient dose escalation with each agent. With a median treatment exposure of 10 weeks, 60% and 36% of patients with CLL or follicular lymphoma, respectively, achieved objective responses. However, the study was terminated early because of treatment-emergent pneumonitis in 18% of patients (severe in 11 of 12 cases). Although most patients recovered with supportive measures and systemic steroids, 2 fatalities occurred and were attributed to treatment-emergent pneumonitis. Increases of interferon-γ and interleukins 6, 7, and 8 occurred over time in patients who developed pneumonitis. Future studies of novel combinations should employ conservative designs that incorporate pharmacodynamics/biomarker monitoring. These investigations should also prospectively evaluate plasma cytokine/chemokine levels in an attempt to validate biomarkers predictive of response and toxicity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01796470.
Collapse
|
91
|
Latsoudis H, Mashreghi MF, Gruen J, Chang HD, Stuhlmueller B, Repa A, Gergiannaki I, Kabouraki E, Papakosta P, Haeupl T, Radbruch A, Sidiropoulos P, Kardassis D, Boumpas D, Goulielmos G. Differential expression of miR-4520a is associated with gain of function mutations in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4597287 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-o10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
|
92
|
Khaibullina A, Almeida LE, Wang L, Kamimura S, Wong EC, Nouraie M, Maric I, Albani S, Finkel J, Quezado ZM. Rapamycin increases fetal hemoglobin and ameliorates the nociception phenotype in sickle cell mice. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:363-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
93
|
Fekete T, Koncz G, Szabo B, Gregus A, Rajnavölgyi E. Interferon gamma boosts the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2-mediated signaling pathway in human dendritic cells in an X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent manner. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 14:380-391. [PMID: 26521691 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) receptor recognizes the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP). NOD2 ligation initiates the nuclear factor kappa B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. However, administering MDP alone is insufficient to elicit strong cytokine responses in various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). Because the simultaneous presence of various microbial products and cytokines in inflamed tissues modulates DC function, we initiated this study to examine how interferon gamma (IFNγ), a central modulator of inflammation, affects the NOD2-mediated signaling pathway in human conventional DCs (cDCs). Synergistic stimulation of DCs with MDP and IFNγ increased the expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen DQ proteins and significantly elevated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of MDP and IFNγ was necessary to decrease IkBα protein levels. By investigating various mechanisms implicated in MDP- and IFNγ-mediated signaling pathways, we revealed that the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is highly dependent on the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) but not on cellular IAP1 and IAP2. We also found that the NOD2 signaling pathway is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) but is not affected by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 inhibition. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that IFNγ positively affects NOD2-mediated signaling in human cDCs, in a manner considerably dependent on XIAP and partially dependent on mTOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Brigitta Szabo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Gregus
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Willemsen AE, Grutters JC, Gerritsen WR, van Erp NP, van Herpen CM, Tol J. mTOR inhibitor-induced interstitial lung disease in cancer patients: Comprehensive review and a practical management algorithm. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2312-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan C. Grutters
- Department of Pulmonology; Centre of Interstitial Lung Diseases, St. Antonius Hospital; Nieuwegein The Netherlands
- Division of Heart & Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Winald R. Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nielka P. van Erp
- Department of Pharmacy; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Carla M.L. van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Tol
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jeroen Bosch Hospital; ‘s-Hertogenbosch The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Antagonizing Neuronal Toll-like Receptor 2 Prevents Synucleinopathy by Activating Autophagy. Cell Rep 2015; 13:771-782. [PMID: 26489461 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and might be responsible for deposition of aggregated proteins in neurons. However, little is known about how neuronal autophagy and clearance of aggregated proteins are regulated. Here, we show a role for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a pathogen-recognizing receptor in innate immunity, in regulation of neuronal autophagy and clearance of α-synuclein, a protein aggregated in synucleinopathies, including in PD. Activation of TLR2 resulted in the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in neurons as a result of inhibition of autophagic activity through regulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. In contrast, inactivation of TLR2 resulted in autophagy activation and increased clearance of neuronal α-synuclein, and hence reduced neurodegeneration, in transgenic mice and in in vitro models. These results uncover roles of TLR2 in regulating neuronal autophagy and suggest that the TLR2 pathway may be targeted for autophagy activation strategies in treating neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
The innate immune system is central for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and quickly responds to local or systemic perturbations by pathogenic or sterile insults. This rapid response must be metabolically supported to allow cell migration and proliferation and to enable efficient production of cytokines and lipid mediators. This Review focuses on the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in controlling and shaping the effector responses of innate immune cells. mTOR reconfigures cellular metabolism and regulates translation, cytokine responses, antigen presentation, macrophage polarization and cell migration. The mTOR network emerges as an integrative rheostat that couples cellular activation to the environmental and intracellular nutritional status to dictate and optimize the inflammatory response. A detailed understanding of how mTOR metabolically coordinates effector responses by myeloid cells will provide important insights into immunity in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weichhart
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Linke
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Medical Genetics, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Giri SS, Sen SS, Chi C, Kim HJ, Yun S, Park SC, Sukumaran V. Effect of dietary leucine on the growth parameters and expression of antioxidant, immune, and inflammatory genes in the head kidney of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 167:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
98
|
Kang M, Min K, Jang J, Kim SC, Kang MS, Jang SJ, Lee JY, Kim SH, Kim MK, An SA, Kim M. Involvement of Immune Responses in the Efficacy of Cord Blood Cell Therapy for Cerebral Palsy. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2259-68. [PMID: 25977995 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and also assessed factors and mechanisms related to the efficacy. Thirty-six children (ages 6 months to 20 years old) with CP were enrolled and treated with UCB or a placebo. Muscle strength and gross motor function were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Along with function measurements, each subject underwent (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography at baseline and 2 weeks after treatment. Cytokine and receptor levels were quantitated in serial blood samples. The UCB group showed greater improvements in muscle strength than the controls at 1 (0.94 vs. -0.35, respectively) and 3 months (2.71 vs. 0.65) after treatment (Ps<0.05). The UCB group also showed greater improvements in gross motor performance than the control group at 6 months (8.54 vs. 2.60) after treatment (P<0.01). Additionally, positron emission tomography scans revealed decreased periventricular inflammation in patients administered UCB, compared with those treated with a placebo. Correlating with enhanced gross motor function, elevations in plasma pentraxin 3 and interleukin-8 levels were observed for up to 12 days after treatment in the UCB group. Meanwhile, increases in blood cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 were noted at 1 day after treatment in the UCB group, and they were correlated with increased muscle strength at 3 months post-treatment. In this trial, treatment with UCB alone improved motor outcomes and induced systemic immune reactions and anti-inflammatory changes in the brain. Generally, motor outcomes were positively correlated with the number of UCB cells administered: a higher number of cells resulted in better outcomes. Nevertheless, future trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of UCB therapy, as the follow-up duration of the present trial was short.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mino Kang
- 1 Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Min
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyoung Jang
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- 1 Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Seo Kang
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University and CHA Medical Center Cord Blood Bank , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jang
- 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- 4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heum Kim
- 5 Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kim
- 6 Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongSoo A An
- 1 Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- 2 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway essential for the recycling of proteins and larger substrates such as aggregates, apoptotic corpses, or long-lived and superfluous organelles whose accumulation could be toxic for cells. Because of its unique feature to engulf part of cytoplasm in double-membrane cup-shaped structures, which further fuses with lysosomes, autophagy is also involved in the elimination of host cell invaders and takes an active part of the innate and adaptive immune response. Its pivotal role in maintenance of the inflammatory balance makes dysfunctions of the autophagy process having important pathological consequences. Indeed, defects in autophagy are associated with a wide range of human diseases including metabolic disorders (diabetes and obesity), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer. In this review, we will focus on interrelations that exist between inflammation and autophagy. We will discuss in particular how mediators of inflammation can regulate autophagy activity and, conversely, how autophagy shapes the inflammatory response. Impact of genetic polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene on inflammatory bowel disease will be also discussed.
Collapse
|
100
|
The second-generation mTOR kinase inhibitor INK128 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:756-65. [PMID: 24385238 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cross-talk between the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) pathways has been reported to regulate macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of INK128, a second-generation inhibitor of mTOR, on the inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our data showed that INK128 strikingly inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1 and AKTSer473 in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells. Although it increased the phosphorylation levels of inhibitor kappa-B (IκB) in LPS-stimulated cells, INK128 did not significantly change the levels of NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, LPS-induced expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was markedly suppressed by INK128 at both mRNA and protein levels. However, the expression of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α protein), but not its mRNA level, was suppressed by this reagent. Our results suggest that the mTOR inhibitor INK128 not only regulates the NF-κB signaling but also influences the inflammatory cytokine expression at both transcriptional and translational levels.
Collapse
|