51
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Hawley J, Manning C, Biga V, Glendinning P, Papalopulu N. Dynamic switching of lateral inhibition spatial patterns. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220339. [PMID: 36000231 PMCID: PMC9399705 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hes genes are transcriptional repressors activated by Notch. In the developing mouse neural tissue, HES5 expression oscillates in neural progenitors (Manning et al. 2019 Nat. Commun. 10, 1-19 (doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10734-8)) and is spatially organized in small clusters of cells with synchronized expression (microclusters). Furthermore, these microclusters are arranged with a spatial periodicity of three-four cells in the dorso-ventral axis and show regular switching between HES5 high/low expression on a longer time scale and larger amplitude than individual temporal oscillators (Biga et al. 2021 Mol. Syst. Biol. 17, e9902 (doi:10.15252/msb.20209902)). However, our initial computational modelling of coupled HES5 could not explain these features of the experimental data. In this study, we provide theoretical results that address these issues with biologically pertinent additions. Here, we report that extending Notch signalling to non-neighbouring progenitor cells is sufficient to generate spatial periodicity of the correct size. In addition, introducing a regular perturbation of Notch signalling by the emerging differentiating cells induces a temporal switching in the spatial pattern, which is longer than an individual cell's periodicity. Thus, with these two new mechanisms, a computational model delivers outputs that closely resemble the complex tissue-level HES5 dynamics. Finally, we predict that such dynamic patterning spreads out differentiation events in space, complementing our previous findings whereby the local synchronization controls the rate of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hawley
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cerys Manning
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Veronica Biga
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Glendinning
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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52
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Gujar MR, Wang H. A fly's eye view of quiescent neural stem cells. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac001. [PMID: 38596705 PMCID: PMC10913722 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The balance between proliferation and quiescence of stem cells is crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain have the ability to be reactivated from a reversible quiescent state to generate new neurons. However, how NSCs transit between quiescence and reactivation remains largely elusive. Drosophila larval brain NSCs, also known as neuroblasts, have emerged as an excellent in vivo model to study molecular mechanisms underlying NSC quiescence and reactivation. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the reactivation of quiescent NSCs in Drosophila. We review the most recent advances on epigenetic regulations and microtubule cytoskeleton in Drosophila quiescent NSCs and their cross-talk with signaling pathways that are required in regulating NSC reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahekta R Gujar
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
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53
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Gyllenhammer LE, Rasmussen JM, Bertele N, Halbing A, Entringer S, Wadhwa PD, Buss C. Maternal Inflammation During Pregnancy and Offspring Brain Development: The Role of Mitochondria. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:498-509. [PMID: 34800727 PMCID: PMC9086015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy and risk for offspring neuropsychiatric disorders has been increasingly recognized over the past several years. Among the mechanistic pathways that have been described through which maternal inflammation during pregnancy may affect fetal brain development, the role of mitochondria has received little attention. In this review, the role of mitochondria as a potential mediator of the association between MIA during pregnancy and offspring brain development and risk for psychiatric disorders will be proposed. As a basis for this postulation, convergent evidence is presented supporting the obligatory role of mitochondria in brain development, the role of mitochondria as mediators and initiators of inflammatory processes, and evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical MIA exposure models and human neurodevelopmental disorders. Elucidating the role of mitochondria as a potential mediator of MIA-induced alterations in brain development and neurodevelopmental disease risk may not only provide new insight into the pathophysiology of mental health disorders that have their origins in exposure to infection/immune activation during pregnancy but also offer new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gyllenhammer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Nina Bertele
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amy Halbing
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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54
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Vogenstahl J, Parrilla M, Acker-Palmer A, Segarra M. Vascular Regulation of Developmental Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890852. [PMID: 35573692 PMCID: PMC9099230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary studies indicate that the nervous system evolved prior to the vascular system, but the increasing complexity of organisms prompted the vascular system to emerge in order to meet the growing demand for oxygen and nutrient supply. In recent years, it has become apparent that the symbiotic communication between the nervous and the vascular systems goes beyond the exclusive covering of the demands on nutrients and oxygen carried by blood vessels. Indeed, this active interplay between both systems is crucial during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Several neural-derived signals that initiate and regulate the vascularization of the CNS have been described, however less is known about the vascular signals that orchestrate the development of the CNS cytoarchitecture. Here, we focus on reviewing the effects of blood vessels in the process of neurogenesis during CNS development in vertebrates. In mammals, we describe the spatiotemporal features of vascular-driven neurogenesis in two brain regions that exhibit different neurogenic complexity in their germinal zone, the hindbrain and the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vogenstahl
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marta Parrilla
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amparo Acker-Palmer, ; Marta Segarra,
| | - Marta Segarra
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amparo Acker-Palmer, ; Marta Segarra,
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55
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Liu C, Li R, Li Y, Lin X, Zhao K, Liu Q, Wang S, Yang X, Shi X, Ma Y, Pei C, Wang H, Bao W, Hui J, Yang T, Xu Z, Lai T, Berberoglu MA, Sahu SK, Esteban MA, Ma K, Fan G, Li Y, Liu S, Chen A, Xu X, Dong Z, Liu L. Spatiotemporal mapping of gene expression landscapes and developmental trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1284-1298.e5. [PMID: 35512701 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in understanding vertebrate embryogenesis is the lack of topographical transcriptomic information that can help correlate microenvironmental cues within the hierarchy of cell-fate decisions. Here, we employed Stereo-seq to profile 91 zebrafish embryo sections covering six critical time points during the first 24 h of development, obtaining a total of 152,977 spots at a resolution of 10 × 10 × 15 μm3 (close to cellular size) with spatial coordinates. Meanwhile, we identified spatial modules and co-varying genes for specific tissue organizations. By performing the integrated analysis of the Stereo-seq and scRNA-seq data from each time point, we reconstructed the spatially resolved developmental trajectories of cell-fate transitions and molecular changes during zebrafish embryogenesis. We further investigated the spatial distribution of ligand-receptor pairs and identified potentially important interactions during zebrafish embryo development. Our study constitutes a fundamental reference for further studies aiming to understand vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rui Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Young Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiumei Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kaichen Zhao
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qun Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Shuowen Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Brain Research Institute, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xueqian Yang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xuyang Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyu Pei
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wendai Bao
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | | | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Tingting Lai
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Michael Arman Berberoglu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | | | - Miguel A Esteban
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China; Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | | | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Brain Research Institute, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics, Shenzhen 518083, China.
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56
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Tsampoula M, Tarampoulous I, Manolakou T, Ninou E, Politis PK. The neurodevelopmental disorders associated gene Rnf113a regulates survival and differentiation properties of neural stem cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:678-690. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
RNF113A (Ring Finger Protein 113A) is genetically associated with autism spectrum disorders and X-linked trichothiodystrophy (TTD) syndrome. Loss-of-function mutations in human RNF113A are causally linked to TTD, which is characterized by abnormal development of central nervous system (CNS) and mental retardation. How loss of RNF113A activity affects brain development is not known. Here we identify Rnf113a1 as a critical regulator of cell death and neurogenesis during mouse brain development. Rnf113a1 gene exhibits widespread expression in the embryonic CNS. Knockdown studies in embryonic cortical neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) and the mouse cortex suggest that Rnf113a1 controls survival, proliferation and differentiation properties of progenitor cells. Importantly, Rnf113a1 deficiency triggers cell apoptosis via a combined action on essential regulators of cell survival, including p53, Nupr1 and Rad51. Collectively, these observations establish Rnf113a1 as a regulatory factor in CNS development and provide insights for its role in neurodevelopmental defects associated with TTD and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Isaak Tarampoulous
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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57
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Uenaka M, Uyeda A, Nakahara T, Muramatsu R. LPA 2 promotes neuronal differentiation and neurite formation in neocortical development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:89-94. [PMID: 35151977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that activates the G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6, which are associated with a wide number of cellular responses including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Although LPA1-6 are expressed in the developing brain, their functions in brain development are not fully understood. In the present study, we analyzed the temporal expression pattern of LPA receptors (LPARs) during neocortical development and found that LPA2 is highly expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) in the embryonic neocortex. LPA2 activation on cultured NS/PCs using GRI977143, a selective LPA2 agonist, promoted neuronal differentiation. LPA2-induced neuronal expansion was inhibited by FR180204, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) inhibitor, suggesting that LPA2 promotes neuronal differentiation via Erk1/2 signaling. In addition, LPA2 activation promotes neurite elongation and branch formation. These results suggest that LPA2 is a critical regulator of neuronal differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Uenaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akiko Uyeda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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58
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Kasioulis I, Dady A, James J, Prescott A, Halley PA, Storey KG. A lateral protrusion latticework connects neuroepithelial cells and is regulated during neurogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274540. [PMID: 35217862 PMCID: PMC8995095 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic contacts between cells within the developing neuroepithelium are poorly understood but play important roles in cell and tissue morphology and cell signalling. Here, using live-cell imaging and electron microscopy we reveal multiple protrusive structures in neuroepithelial apical endfeet of the chick embryonic spinal cord, including sub-apical protrusions that extend laterally within the tissue, and observe similar structures in human neuroepithelium. We characterise the dynamics, shape and cytoskeleton of these lateral protrusions and distinguish them from cytonemes, filopodia and tunnelling nanotubes. We demonstrate that lateral protrusions form a latticework of membrane contacts between non-adjacent cells, depend on actin but not microtubule dynamics, and provide a lamellipodial-like platform for further extending fine actin-dependent filipodia. We find that lateral protrusions depend on the actin-binding protein WAVE1 (also known as WASF1): misexpression of mutant WAVE1 attenuated protrusion and generated a round-ended apical endfoot morphology. However, this did not alter apico-basal cell polarity or tissue integrity. During normal neuronal delamination, lateral protrusions were withdrawn, but precocious protrusion loss induced by mutant WAVE1 was insufficient to trigger neurogenesis. This study uncovers a new form of cell-cell contact within the developing neuroepithelium, regulation of which prefigures neuronal delamination. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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59
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Verdile V, Svetoni F, La Rosa P, Ferrante G, Cesari E, Sette C, Paronetto M. EWS splicing regulation contributes to balancing Foxp1 isoforms required for neuronal differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3362-3378. [PMID: 35253879 PMCID: PMC8989529 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a key regulatory process underlying the amplification of genomic information and the expansion of proteomic diversity, particularly in brain. Here, we identify the Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) as a new player of alternative splicing regulation during neuronal differentiation. Knockdown of EWS in neuronal progenitor cells leads to premature differentiation. Transcriptome profiling of EWS-depleted cells revealed global changes in splicing regulation. Bioinformatic analyses and biochemical experiments demonstrated that EWS regulates alternative exons in a position-dependent fashion. Notably, several EWS-regulated splicing events are physiologically modulated during neuronal differentiation and EWS depletion in neuronal precursors anticipates the splicing-pattern of mature neurons. Among other targets, we found that EWS controls the alternative splicing of the forkhead family transcription factor FOXP1, a pivotal transcriptional regulator of neuronal differentiation, possibly contributing to the switch of gene expression underlying the neuronal differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Verdile
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Svetoni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ferrante
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cesari
- GSTEP-Organoids Core Facility, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- GSTEP-Organoids Core Facility, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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60
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Prdm12 regulates inhibitory neuron differentiation in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:329-339. [PMID: 35464160 PMCID: PMC8975904 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulatory system significant influences the fate determination of cells during developmental processes. Prdm12 is a transcriptional regulator that modulates gene expression epigenetically. The Prdm12 gene has been shown to be expressed in neural tissues, specifically during development, but its detailed function is not fully understood. This study investigated the function of the Prdm12 gene in P19 mouse embryonic tumor cells as a model for neural differentiation. A decrease in the expression of neuron-specific genes and the alterations of dendrites and axons morphology was confirmed in Prdm12-knockout P19 cells. In addition, almost no astrocytes were generated in Prdm12-knockout P19 cells. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that there was a reduction in the expression of the inhibitory neuron-specific genes Gad1/2 and Glyt2, but not the excitatory neuron-specific gene VGLUT2, in Prdm12-knockout P19 cells. Furthermore, the expression of inhibitory neuron-related factors, Ptf1a, Dbx1, and Gsx1/2, decreased in Prdm12-knockout P19 cells. Gene expression analysis also revealed that the Ptf1a, Hic1, and Foxa1 genes were candidate targets of Prdm12 during neurogenesis. These results suggest that Prdm12 regulates the differentiation of inhibitory neurons and astrocytes by controlling the expression of these genes during the neural differentiation of P19 cells.
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61
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Chang KC, Rhodes CT, Zhang JQ, Moseley MC, Cardona SM, Huang SWA, Rawls A, Lemmon VP, Berger MS, Abate AR, Lin CHA. The chromatin repressors EZH2 and Suv4-20h coregulate cell fate specification during hippocampal development. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:294-308. [PMID: 34890048 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cell fate transition from radial glial-like (RGL) cells to neurons and astrocytes is crucial for development and pathological conditions. Two chromatin repressors-the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog-are expressed in RGL cells in the hippocampus, implicating these epigenetic regulators in hippocampal cell fate commitment. Using a double knockout mouse model, we demonstrated that loss of both chromatin repressors in the RGL population leads to deficits in hippocampal development. Single-nuclei RNA-Seq revealed differential gene expression and provided mechanistic insight into how the two chromatin repressors are critical for the maintenance of cycling cells in the dentate gyrus as well as the balance of cell trajectories between neuronal and astroglial lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher T Rhodes
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/NICHD, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Q Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine C Moseley
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
| | - Sandra M Cardona
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
| | - Shu-Wei Angela Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Rawls
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chin-Hsing Annie Lin
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
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62
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Singh A, Mahesh A, Noack F, Cardoso de Toledo B, Calegari F, Tiwari VK. Tcf12 and NeuroD1 cooperatively drive neuronal migration during cortical development. Development 2022; 149:dev200250. [PMID: 35147187 PMCID: PMC8918803 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corticogenesis consists of a series of synchronised events, including fate transition of cortical progenitors, neuronal migration, specification and connectivity. NeuroD1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF), contributes to all of these events, but how it coordinates these independently is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NeuroD1 expression is accompanied by a gain of active chromatin at a large number of genomic loci. Interestingly, transcriptional activation of these loci relied on a high local density of adjacent bHLH TFs motifs, including, predominantly, Tcf12. We found that activity and expression levels of Tcf12 were high in cells with induced levels of NeuroD1 that spanned the transition of cortical progenitors from proliferative to neurogenic divisions. Moreover, Tcf12 forms a complex with NeuroD1 and co-occupies a subset of NeuroD1 target loci. This Tcf12-NeuroD1 cooperativity is essential for gaining active chromatin and targeted expression of genes involved in cell migration. By functional manipulation in vivo, we further show that Tcf12 is essential during cortical development for the correct migration of newborn neurons and, hence, for proper cortical lamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Florian Noack
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beatriz Cardoso de Toledo
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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63
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Kristofova M, Ori A, Wang ZQ. Multifaceted Microcephaly-Related Gene MCPH1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020275. [PMID: 35053391 PMCID: PMC8774270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MCPH1, or BRIT1, is often mutated in human primary microcephaly type 1, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a smaller brain size at birth, due to its dysfunction in regulating the proliferation and self-renewal of neuroprogenitor cells. In the last 20 years or so, genetic and cellular studies have identified MCPH1 as a multifaceted protein in various cellular functions, including DNA damage signaling and repair, the regulation of chromosome condensation, cell-cycle progression, centrosome activity and the metabolism. Yet, genetic and animal model studies have revealed an unpredicted essential function of MPCH1 in gonad development and tumorigenesis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. These studies have begun to shed light on the role of MPCH1 in controlling various pathobiological processes of the disorder. Here, we summarize the biological functions of MCPH1, and lessons learnt from cellular and mouse models of MCPH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kristofova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-656415; Fax: +49-3641-656335
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64
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Docampo-Seara A, Candal E, Rodríguez MA. Study of the glial cytoarchitecture of the developing olfactory bulb of a shark using immunochemical markers of radial glia. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1067-1082. [PMID: 34997380 PMCID: PMC8930965 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During development of the olfactory bulb (OB), glial cells play key roles in axonal guiding/targeting, glomerular formation and synaptic plasticity. Studies in mammals have shown that radial glial cells and peripheral olfactory glia (olfactory ensheathing cells, OECs) are involved in the development of the OB. Most studies about the OB glia were carried out in mammals, but data are lacking in most non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present work, we studied the development of the OB glial system in the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus canicula (catshark) using antibodies against glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), and glutamine synthase (GS). These glial markers were expressed in cells with radial morphology lining the OB ventricle of embryos and this expression continues in ependymal cells (tanycytes) in early juveniles. Astrocyte-like cells were also observed in the granular layer and surrounding glomeruli. Numerous GS-positive cells were present in the primary olfactory pathway of embryos. In the developmental stages analysed, the olfactory nerve layer and the glomerular layer were the regions with higher GFAP, BLBP and GS immuno-reactivity. In addition, numerous BLBP-expressing cells (a marker of mammalian OECs) showing proliferative activity were present in the olfactory nerve layer. Our findings suggest that glial cells of peripheral and central origin coexist in the OB of catshark embryos and early juveniles. These results open the path for future studies about the differential roles of glial cells in the catshark OB during embryonic development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Docampo-Seara
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Candal
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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65
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Grad M, Nir A, Levy G, Trangle SS, Shapira G, Shomron N, Assaf Y, Barak B. Altered White Matter and microRNA Expression in a Murine Model Related to Williams Syndrome Suggests That miR-34b/c Affects Brain Development via Ptpru and Dcx Modulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010158. [PMID: 35011720 PMCID: PMC8750756 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a de novo hemizygous deletion of ~26 genes from chromosome 7q11.23, among them the general transcription factor II-I (GTF2I). By studying a novel murine model for the hypersociability phenotype associated with WS, we previously revealed surprising aberrations in myelination and cell differentiation properties in the cortices of mutant mice compared to controls. These mutant mice had selective deletion of Gtf2i in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain. Here, we applied diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking, which showed a reduction in the number of streamlines in limbic outputs such as the fimbria/fornix fibers and the stria terminalis, as well as the corpus callosum of these mutant mice compared to controls. Furthermore, we utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of cortical small RNAs' expression (RNA-Seq) levels to identify altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), including two from the miR-34 cluster, known to be involved in prominent processes in the developing nervous system. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct binding of miR-34c-5p to the 3'UTR of PTPRU-a gene involved in neural development that was elevated in the cortices of mutant mice relative to controls. Moreover, we found an age-dependent variation in the expression levels of doublecortin (Dcx)-a verified miR-34 target. Thus, we demonstrate the substantial effect a single gene deletion can exert on miRNA regulation and brain structure, and advance our understanding and, hopefully, treatment of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitar Grad
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ariel Nir
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Gilad Levy
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yaniv Assaf
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (M.G.); (A.N.); (G.L.); (N.S.); (Y.A.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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66
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Ninou E, Michail A, Politis PK. Long Non-Coding RNA Lacuna Regulates Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells During Brain Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726857. [PMID: 34900989 PMCID: PMC8653915 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is one of the most abundant classes of RNAs encoded within the mammalian genome and are highly expressed in the adult brain, they remain poorly characterized and their roles in the brain development are not well understood. Here we identify the lncRNA Lacuna (also catalogued as NONMMUT071331.2 in NONCODE database) as a negative regulator of neuronal differentiation in the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) during mouse brain development. In particular, we show that Lacuna is transcribed from a genomic locus near to the Tbr2/Eomes gene, a key player in the transition of intermediate progenitor cells towards the induction of neuronal differentiation. Lacuna RNA expression peaks at the developmental time window between E14.5 and E16.5, consistent with a role in neural differentiation. Overexpression experiments in ex vivo cultured NSCs from murine cortex suggest that Lacuna is sufficient to inhibit neuronal differentiation, induce the number of Nestin+ and Olig2+ cells, without affecting proliferation or apoptosis of NSCs. CRISPR/dCas9-KRAB mediated knockdown of Lacuna gene expression leads to the opposite phenotype by inducing neuronal differentiation and suppressing Nestin+ and Olig2+ cells, again without any effect on proliferation or apoptosis of NSCs. Interestingly, despite the negative action of Lacuna on neurogenesis, its knockdown inhibits Eomes transcription, implying a simultaneous, but opposite, role in facilitating the Eomes gene expression. Collectively, our observations indicate a critical function of Lacuna in the gene regulation networks that fine tune the neuronal differentiation in the mammalian NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Michail
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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67
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Lyu P, Hoang T, Santiago CP, Thomas ED, Timms AE, Appel H, Gimmen M, Le N, Jiang L, Kim DW, Chen S, Espinoza DF, Telger AE, Weir K, Clark BS, Cherry TJ, Qian J, Blackshaw S. Gene regulatory networks controlling temporal patterning, neurogenesis, and cell-fate specification in mammalian retina. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109994. [PMID: 34788628 PMCID: PMC8642835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs), consisting of transcription factors and their target sites, control neurogenesis and cell-fate specification in the developing central nervous system. In this study, we use integrated single-cell RNA and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) analysis in developing mouse and human retina to identify multiple interconnected, evolutionarily conserved GRNs composed of cell-type-specific transcription factors that both activate genes within their own network and inhibit genes in other networks. These GRNs control temporal patterning in primary progenitors, regulate transition from primary to neurogenic progenitors, and drive specification of each major retinal cell type. We confirm that NFI transcription factors selectively activate expression of genes promoting late-stage temporal identity in primary retinal progenitors and identify other transcription factors that regulate rod photoreceptor specification in postnatal retina. This study inventories cis- and trans-acting factors that control retinal development and can guide cell-based therapies aimed at replacing retinal neurons lost to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clayton P Santiago
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric D Thomas
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Haley Appel
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megan Gimmen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nguyet Le
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lizhi Jiang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David F Espinoza
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ariel E Telger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kurt Weir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian S Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Cherry
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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68
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Katada S, Takouda J, Nakagawa T, Honda M, Igarashi K, Imamura T, Ohkawa Y, Sato S, Kurumizaka H, Nakashima K. Neural stem/precursor cells dynamically change their epigenetic landscape to differentially respond to BMP signaling for fate switching during brain development. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1431-1444. [PMID: 34675062 PMCID: PMC8559679 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348797.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Katada et al. investigated NPC fate regulation and, using multiple genome-wide analyses, they demonstrate that Smads, transcription factors that act downstream from BMP signaling, target dramatically different genomic regions in neurogenic and gliogenic NPCs. Their results show the regulation of NPC property change mediated by the interplay between cell-extrinsic cues and -intrinsic epigenetic programs during cortical development. During neocortical development, tight regulation of neurogenesis-to-astrogenesis switching of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is critical to generate a balanced number of each neural cell type for proper brain functions. Accumulating evidence indicates that a complex array of epigenetic modifications and the availability of extracellular factors control the timing of neuronal and astrocytic differentiation. However, our understanding of NPC fate regulation is still far from complete. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are renowned as cytokines that induce astrogenesis of gliogenic late-gestational NPCs. They also promote neurogenesis of mid-gestational NPCs, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. By performing multiple genome-wide analyses, we demonstrate that Smads, transcription factors that act downstream from BMP signaling, target dramatically different genomic regions in neurogenic and gliogenic NPCs. We found that histone H3K27 trimethylation and DNA methylation around Smad-binding sites change rapidly as gestation proceeds, strongly associated with the alteration of accessibility of Smads to their target binding sites. Furthermore, we identified two lineage-specific Smad-interacting partners—Sox11 for neurogenic and Sox8 for astrocytic differentiation—that further ensure Smad-regulated fate-specific gene induction. Our findings illuminate an exquisite regulation of NPC property change mediated by the interplay between cell-extrinsic cues and -intrinsic epigenetic programs during cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayako Katada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Takouda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakagawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mizuki Honda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shoko Sato
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Bao M, Shang F, Liu F, Hu Z, Wang S, Yang X, Yu Y, Zhang H, Jiang C, Jiang J, Liu Y, Wang X. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the brain in Takifugu rubripes shows its tolerance to acute hypoxia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1669-1685. [PMID: 34460041 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in water that caused by reduced levels of oxygen occurred frequently, due to the complex aquatic environment. Hypoxia tolerance for fish depends on a complete set of coping mechanisms such as oxygen perception and gene-protein interaction regulation. The present study examined the short-term effects of hypoxia on the brain in Takifugu rubripes. We sequenced the transcriptomes of the brain in T. rubripes to study their response mechanism to acute hypoxia. A total of 167 genes were differentially expressed in the brain of T. rubripes after exposed to acute hypoxia. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that hypoxia could cause metabolic and neurological changes, showing the clues of their adaptation to acute hypoxia. As the most complex and important organ, the brain of T. rubripes might be able to create a self-protection mechanism to resist or reduce damage caused by acute hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiu Bao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Fengqin Shang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fujun Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Ziwen Hu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yundeng Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Chihang Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Jielan Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, DalianLiaoning, 116023, China.
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70
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Lechler T, Mapelli M. Spindle positioning and its impact on vertebrate tissue architecture and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:691-708. [PMID: 34158639 PMCID: PMC10544824 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular systems, oriented cell divisions are essential for morphogenesis and homeostasis as they determine the position of daughter cells within the tissue and also, in many cases, their fate. Early studies in invertebrates led to the identification of conserved core mechanisms of mitotic spindle positioning centred on the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex. In recent years, much has been learnt about the way this complex functions in vertebrate cells. In particular, studies addressed how the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex dynamically crosstalks with astral microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton, and how it is regulated to orient the spindle according to cellular and tissue-wide cues. We have also begun to understand how dynein motors and actin regulators interact with mechanosensitive adhesion molecules sensing extracellular mechanical stimuli, such as cadherins and integrins, and with signalling pathways so as to respond to extracellular cues instructing the orientation of the division axis in vivo. In this Review, with the focus on epithelial tissues, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation in vertebrate cells, and how this machinery is regulated by epithelial cues and extracellular signals to maintain tissue cohesiveness during mitosis. We also outline recent knowledge of how spindle orientation impacts tissue architecture in epithelia and its emerging links to the regulation of cell fate decisions. Finally, we describe how defective spindle orientation can be corrected or its effects eliminated in tissues under physiological conditions, and the pathological implications associated with spindle misorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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71
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Satake T. Epstein-Barr virus-based plasmid enables inheritable transgene expression in mouse cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258026. [PMID: 34591902 PMCID: PMC8483300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous development of the cerebral cortex from the prenatal to postnatal period depends on neurons and glial cells, both of which are generated from neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Owing to technical limitations regarding the transfer of genes into mouse brain, the mechanisms behind the long-term development of the cerebral cortex have not been well studied. Plasmid transfection into NPCs in embryonic mouse brains by in utero electroporation (IUE) is a widely used technique aimed at expressing transgenes in NPCs and their recent progeny neurons. Because the plasmids in NPCs are attenuated with each cell division, the transgene is not expressed in their descendants, including glial cells. The present study shows that an Epstein–Barr virus-based plasmid (EB-oriP plasmid) is helpful for studying long-term cerebral cortex development. The use of the EB-oriP plasmid for IUE allowed transgene expression even in the descendant progeny cells of adult mouse brains. Combining the EB-oriP plasmid with the shRNA expression cassette allowed examination of the genes of interest in the continuous development of the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, preferential transgene expression was achieved in combination with cell type-specific promoter-driven transgene expression. Meanwhile, introducing the EB-oriP plasmid twice into the same individual embryos during separate embryonic development stages suggested heterogeneity of NPCs. In summary, IUE using the EB-oriP plasmid is a novel option to study the long-term development of the cerebral cortex in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Satake
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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72
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Shao L, Xue R, Lu X, Liao J, Shao X, Fan X. Identify differential genes and cell subclusters from time-series scRNA-seq data using scTITANS. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4132-4141. [PMID: 34527187 PMCID: PMC8342909 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-series single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a breakthrough in modern biology by enabling researchers to profile and study the dynamics of genes and cells based on samples obtained from multiple time points at an individual cell resolution. However, cell asynchrony and an additional dimension of multiple time points raises challenges in the effective use of time-series scRNA-seq data for identifying genes and cell subclusters that vary over time. However, no effective tools are available. Here, we propose scTITANS (https://github.com/ZJUFanLab/scTITANS), a method that takes full advantage of individual cells from all time points at the same time by correcting cell asynchrony using pseudotime from trajectory inference analysis. By introducing a time-dependent covariate based on time-series analysis method, scTITANS performed well in identifying differentially expressed genes and cell subclusters from time-series scRNA-seq data based on several example datasets. Compared to current attempts, scTITANS is more accurate, quantitative, and capable of dealing with heterogeneity among cells and making full use of the timing information hidden in biological processes. When extended to broader research areas, scTITANS will bring new breakthroughs in studies with time-series single cell RNA sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Translational Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.,Medicine Lab, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center for Future Digital Health, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Medicine Lab, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center for Future Digital Health, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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73
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Bang S, Hwang KS, Jeong S, Cho IJ, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. Engineered neural circuits for modeling brain physiology and neuropathology. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:379-400. [PMID: 34157452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling, motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the growing demand for the unraveling of the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, their fundamental investigation is hampered because of the inability to access the components of neural circuits and the complex microenvironment. As an alternative approach, in vitro human neural circuits show principles of in vivo human neuronal circuit function. They allow access to the cellular compartment and permit real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in reconstituted in vitro neural circuits using engineering techniques. To this end, we provide an overview of the fabrication techniques and methods for stimulation and measurement of in vitro neural circuits. Subsequently, representative examples of in vitro neural circuits are reviewed with a particular focus on the recapitulation of structures and functions observed in vivo, and we summarize their application in the study of various brain diseases. We believe that the in vitro neural circuits can help neuroscience and the neuropharmacology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the growing demand to unravel the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, the studies on the in vivo neural circuits are frequently limited due to the poor accessibility. Furthermore, single neuron-based analysis has an inherent limitation in that it does not reflect the full spectrum of the neural circuit physiology. As an alternative approach, in vitro engineered neural circuit models have arisen because they can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of in vivo neural circuits. These in vitro neural circuits allow the mimicking of dysregulation of the neural circuits, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Emerging in vitro engineered neural circuits will provide a better understanding of the (patho-)physiology of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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74
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Gustorff C, Scheuer T, Schmitz T, Bührer C, Endesfelder S. GABA B Receptor-Mediated Impairment of Intermediate Progenitor Maturation During Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis of Newborn Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:651072. [PMID: 34421540 PMCID: PMC8377254 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.651072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter GABA and its receptors assume essential functions during fetal and postnatal brain development. The last trimester of a human pregnancy and early postnatal life involves a vulnerable period of brain development. In the second half of gestation, there is a developmental shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing in the GABAergic system, which might be disturbed by preterm birth. Alterations of the postnatal GABA shift are associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. In this in vivo study, we investigated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) in response to daily administration of pharmacological GABAA (DMCM) and GABAB (CGP 35348) receptor inhibitors to newborn rats. Six-day-old Wistar rats (P6) were daily injected (i.p.) to postnatal day 11 (P11) with DMCM, CGP 35348, or vehicle to determine the effects of both antagonists on postnatal neurogenesis. Due to GABAB receptor blockade by CGP 35348, immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in the number of NeuroD1 positive intermediate progenitor cells and a reduction of proliferative Nestin-positive neuronal stem cells at the DG. The impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis at this stage of differentiation is in line with a significantly decreased RNA expression of the transcription factors Pax6, Ascl1, and NeuroD1. Interestingly, the number of NeuN-positive postmitotic neurons was not affected by GABAB receptor blockade, although strictly associated transcription factors for postmitotic neurons, Tbr1, Prox1, and NeuroD2, displayed reduced expression levels, suggesting impairment by GABAB receptor antagonization at this stage of neurogenesis. Antagonization of GABAB receptors decreased the expression of neurotrophins (BDNF, NT-3, and NGF). In contrast to the GABAB receptor blockade, the GABAA receptor antagonization revealed no significant changes in cell counts, but an increased transcriptional expression of Tbr1 and Tbr2. We conclude that GABAergic signaling via the metabotropic GABAB receptor is crucial for hippocampal neurogenesis at the time of rapid brain growth and of the postnatal GABA shift. Differentiation and proliferation of intermediate progenitor cells are dependent on GABA. These insights become more pertinent in preterm infants whose developing brains are prematurely exposed to spostnatal stress and predisposed to poor neurodevelopmental disorders, possibly as sequelae of early disruption in GABAergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gustorff
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Scheuer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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75
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Deryckere A, Styfhals R, Elagoz AM, Maes GE, Seuntjens E. Identification of neural progenitor cells and their progeny reveals long distance migration in the developing octopus brain. eLife 2021; 10:e69161. [PMID: 34425939 PMCID: PMC8384421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods have evolved nervous systems that parallel the complexity of mammalian brains in terms of neuronal numbers and richness in behavioral output. How the cephalopod brain develops has only been described at the morphological level, and it remains unclear where the progenitor cells are located and what molecular factors drive neurogenesis. Using histological techniques, we located dividing cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons in Octopus vulgaris embryos. Our results indicate that an important pool of progenitors, expressing the conserved bHLH transcription factors achaete-scute or neurogenin, is located outside the central brain cords in the lateral lips adjacent to the eyes, suggesting that newly formed neurons migrate into the cords. Lineage-tracing experiments then showed that progenitors, depending on their location in the lateral lips, generate neurons for the different lobes, similar to the squid Doryteuthis pealeii. The finding that octopus newborn neurons migrate over long distances is reminiscent of vertebrate neurogenesis and suggests it might be a fundamental strategy for large brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Deryckere
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ruth Styfhals
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
| | - Ali Murat Elagoz
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gregory E Maes
- Center for Human Genetics, Genomics Core, UZ-KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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76
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Vinsland E, Baskaran P, Mihaylov SR, Hobbs C, Wood H, Bouybayoune I, Shah K, Houart C, Tee AR, Murn J, Fernandes C, Bateman JM. The zinc finger/RING domain protein Unkempt regulates cognitive flexibility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16299. [PMID: 34381067 PMCID: PMC8357790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct orchestration of nervous system development is a profound challenge that involves coordination of complex molecular and cellular processes. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a key regulator of nervous system development and synaptic function. The mTOR kinase is a hub for sensing inputs including growth factor signaling, nutrients and energy levels. Activation of mTOR signaling causes diseases with severe neurological manifestations, such as tuberous sclerosis complex and focal cortical dysplasia. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mTOR signaling regulates nervous system development and function are poorly understood. Unkempt is a conserved zinc finger/RING domain protein that regulates neurogenesis downstream of mTOR signaling in Drosophila. Unkempt also directly interacts with the mTOR complex I component Raptor. Here we describe the generation and characterisation of mice with a conditional knockout of Unkempt (UnkcKO) in the nervous system. Loss of Unkempt reduces Raptor protein levels in the embryonic nervous system but does not affect downstream mTORC1 targets. We also show that nervous system development occurs normally in UnkcKO mice. However, we find that Unkempt is expressed in the adult cerebellum and hippocampus and behavioural analyses show that UnkcKO mice have improved memory formation and cognitive flexibility to re-learn. Further understanding of the role of Unkempt in the nervous system will provide novel mechanistic insight into the role of mTOR signaling in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Vinsland
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pranetha Baskaran
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Simeon R Mihaylov
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Hannah Wood
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, PO82SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ihssane Bouybayoune
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kriti Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Boyce Hall 1415A - MURN, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Corinne Houart
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Andrew R Tee
- Cancer and Genetics Building, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jernej Murn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 3401 Watkins Drive, Boyce Hall 1415A - MURN, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, PO82SE5 8AF, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4th Floor, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Joseph M Bateman
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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77
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McNeely KC, Dwyer ND. Cytokinetic Abscission Regulation in Neural Stem Cells and Tissue Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 7:161-173. [PMID: 36303610 PMCID: PMC9603694 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review How stem cells balance proliferation with differentiation, giving rise to specific daughter cells during development to build an embryo or tissue, remains an open question. Here, we discuss recent evidence that cytokinetic abscission regulation in stem cells, particularly neural stem cells (NSCs), is part of the answer. Abscission is a multi-step process mediated by the midbody, a microtubule-based structure formed in the intercellular bridge between daughter cells after mitosis. Recent Findings Human mutations and mouse knockouts in abscission genes reveal that subtle disruptions of NSC abscission can cause brain malformations. Experiments in several epithelial systems have shown that midbodies serve as scaffolds for apical junction proteins and are positioned near apical membrane fate determinants. Abscission timing is tightly controlled and developmentally regulated in stem cells, with delayed abscission in early embryos and faster abscission later. Midbody remnants (MBRs) contain over 400 proteins and may influence polarity, fate, and ciliogenesis. Summary As NSCs and other stem cells build tissues, they tightly regulate three aspects of abscission: midbody positioning, duration, and MBR handling. Midbody positioning and remnants establish or maintain cell polarity. MBRs are deposited on the apical membranes of epithelia, can be released or internalized by surrounding cells, and may sequester fate determinants or transfer information between cells. Work in cell lines and simpler systems has shown multiple roles for abscission regulation influencing stem cell polarity, potency, and daughter fates during development. Elucidating how the abscission process influences cell fate and tissue growth is important for our continued understanding of brain development and stem cell biology.
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78
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Deng Q, Tan YS, Chew LY, Wang H. Msps governs acentrosomal microtubule assembly and reactivation of quiescent neural stem cells. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104549. [PMID: 34368973 PMCID: PMC8488572 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of stem cells to switch between quiescence and proliferation is crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Drosophila quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) extend a primary cellular protrusion from the cell body prior to their reactivation. However, the structure and function of this protrusion are not well established. Here, we show that in the protrusion of quiescent NSCs, microtubules are predominantly acentrosomal and oriented plus‐end‐out toward the tip of the primary protrusion. We have identified Mini Spindles (Msps)/XMAP215 as a key microtubule regulator in quiescent NSCs that governs NSC reactivation via regulating acentrosomal microtubule growth and orientation. We show that quiescent NSCs form membrane contact with the neuropil and E‐cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, localizes to these NSC‐neuropil junctions. Msps and a plus‐end directed motor protein Kinesin‐2 promote NSC cell cycle re‐entry and target E‐cadherin to NSC‐neuropil contact during NSC reactivation. Together, this work establishes acentrosomal microtubule organization in the primary protrusion of quiescent NSCs and the Msps‐Kinesin‐2 pathway that governs NSC reactivation, in part, by targeting E‐cad to NSC‐neuropil contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Deng
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Sing Tan
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Yuh Chew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School - Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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79
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Ha NT, Liu X, Smith TH, Dougherty KJ, Toyo-Oka K. Rpsa Signaling Regulates Cortical Neuronal Morphogenesis via Its Ligand, PEDF, and Plasma Membrane Interaction Partner, Itga6. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:770-795. [PMID: 34347028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphological defects underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and functional defects. We identified a function for Rpsa in regulating neuromorphogenesis using in utero electroporation to knockdown Rpsa, resulting in apical dendrite misorientation, fewer/shorter extensions, and decreased spine density with altered spine morphology in upper neuronal layers and decreased arborization in upper/lower cortical layers. Rpsa knockdown disrupts multiple aspects of cortical development, including radial glial cell fiber morphology and neuronal layering. We investigated Rpsa's ligand, PEDF, and interacting partner on the plasma membrane, Itga6. Rpsa, PEDF, and Itga6 knockdown cause similar phenotypes, with Rpsa and Itga6 overexpression rescuing morphological defects in PEDF-deficient neurons in vivo. Additionally, Itga6 overexpression increases and stabilizes Rpsa expression on the plasma membrane. GCaMP6s was used to functionally analyze Rpsa knockdown via ex vivo calcium imaging. Rpsa-deficient neurons showed less fluctuation in fluorescence intensity, suggesting defective subthreshold calcium signaling. The Serpinf1 gene coding for PEDF is localized at chromosome 17p13.3, which is deleted in patients with the neurodevelopmental disorder Miller-Dieker syndrome. Our study identifies a role for Rpsa in early cortical development and for PEDF-Rpsa-Itga6 signaling in neuromorphogenesis, thus implicating these molecules in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Miller-Dieker syndrome and identifying them as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Ngoc T Ha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kimberly J Dougherty
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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80
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Yoshikawa K. Necdin: A purposive integrator of molecular interaction networks for mammalian neuron vitality. Genes Cells 2021; 26:641-683. [PMID: 34338396 PMCID: PMC9290590 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necdin was originally found in 1991 as a hypothetical protein encoded by a neural differentiation‐specific gene transcript in murine embryonal carcinoma cells. Virtually all postmitotic neurons and their precursor cells express the necdin gene (Ndn) during neuronal development. Necdin mRNA is expressed only from the paternal allele through genomic imprinting, a placental mammal‐specific epigenetic mechanism. Necdin and its homologous MAGE (melanoma antigen) family, which have evolved presumedly from a subcomplex component of the SMC5/6 complex, are expressed exclusively in placental mammals. Paternal Ndn‐mutated mice totally lack necdin expression and exhibit various types of neuronal abnormalities throughout the nervous system. Ndn‐null neurons are vulnerable to detrimental stresses such as DNA damage. Necdin also suppresses both proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem/progenitor cells. Functional analyses using Ndn‐manipulated cells reveal that necdin consistently exerts antimitotic, anti‐apoptotic and prosurvival effects. Necdin interacts directly with a number of regulatory proteins including E2F1, p53, neurotrophin receptors, Sirt1 and PGC‐1α, which serve as major hubs of protein–protein interaction networks for mitosis, apoptosis, differentiation, neuroprotection and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on necdin as a pleiotropic protein that integrates molecular interaction networks to promote neuronal vitality in modern placental mammals.
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81
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Guo Z, Chen M, Chao Y, Cai C, Liu L, Zhao L, Li L, Bai QR, Xu Y, Niu W, Shi L, Bi Y, Ren D, Yuan F, Shi S, Zeng Q, Han K, Shi Y, Bian S, He G. RGCC balances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells in the developing mammalian neocortex. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51781. [PMID: 34323349 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During neocortical development, neural stem cells (NSCs) divide symmetrically to self-renew at the early stage and then divide asymmetrically to generate post-mitotic neurons. The molecular mechanisms regulating the balance between NSC self-renewal and neurogenesis are not fully understood. Using mouse in utero electroporation (IUE) technique and in vitro human NSC differentiation models including cerebral organoids (hCOs), we show here that regulator of cell cycle (RGCC) modulates NSC self-renewal and neuronal differentiation by affecting cell cycle regulation and spindle orientation. RGCC deficiency hampers normal cell cycle process and dysregulates the mitotic spindle, thus driving more cells to divide asymmetrically. These modulations diminish the NSC population and cause NSC pre-differentiation that eventually leads to brain developmental malformation in hCOs. We further show that RGCC might regulate NSC spindle orientation by affecting the organization of centrosome and microtubules. Our results demonstrate that RGCC is essential to maintain the NSC pool during cortical development and suggest that RGCC defects could have etiological roles in human brain malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxia Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Chao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhai Cai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjie Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linbo Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ran Bai
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Niu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyue Shi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Han
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Bian
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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82
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Kuroda R, Tominaga K, Kasashima K, Kuroiwa K, Sakashita E, Hayakawa H, Kouki T, Ohno N, Kawai K, Endo H. Loss of mitochondrial transcription factor A in neural stem cells leads to immature brain development and triggers the activation of the integral stress response in vivo. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255355. [PMID: 34320035 PMCID: PMC8318236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is significantly associated with neurological deficits and age-related neurological diseases. While mitochondria are dynamically regulated and properly maintained during neurogenesis, the manner in which mitochondrial activities are controlled and contribute to these processes is not fully understood. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) contributes to mitochondrial function by maintaining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To clarify how mitochondrial dysfunction affects neurogenesis, we induced mitochondrial dysfunction specifically in murine neural stem cells (NSCs) by inactivating Tfam. Tfam inactivation in NSCs resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing respiratory chain activities and causing a severe deficit in neural differentiation and maturation both in vivo and in vitro. Brain tissue from Tfam-deficient mice exhibited neuronal cell death primarily at layer V and microglia were activated prior to cell death. Cultured Tfam-deficient NSCs showed a reduction in reactive oxygen species produced by the mitochondria. Tfam inactivation during neurogenesis resulted in the accumulation of ATF4 and activation of target gene expression. Therefore, we propose that the integrated stress response (ISR) induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in neurogenesis is activated to protect the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Kuroda
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tominaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (HE)
| | - Katsumi Kasashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroiwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakashita
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hayakawa
- Core Center of Research Apparatus, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tom Kouki
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (HE)
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83
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Yu T, Zhou G, Cai Z, Liang W, Du Y, Wang W. Behavioral effects of early-life exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid might synthetically link to multiple aspects of dopaminergic neuron development and dopamine functions in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105926. [PMID: 34340000 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is known as an environmental endocrine disruptor and has developmental neurotoxicity that could be associated with behavior changes in human and animal studies. Previous studies have shown that PFOA might affect the dopaminergic nervous system. However, the mode of action underlying the effects of PFOA remains poorly understood. Our study used zebrafish as an animal model to investigate the effects of early-life PFOA exposure on dopaminergic neuron development and dopamine functions in zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish fertilized eggs were exposed to different concentrations of PFOA (0, 10, 100, 1000 μg/L). After exposure to PFOA for 7 days, the locomotor activity of zebrafish was decreased; the mRNA levels of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 2b (nr4a2b), paired box 2 and 5 (pax2, pax5), tyrosine hydroxylase 1/2 (th1/th2) and dopamine transporter (dat) were increased; mRNA and protein level of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (manf) were decreased. Neural cell proliferation in the preoptic area of hypothalamus was increased. In conclusion, dopaminergic neuron development might be one of the targets of early-life PFOA exposure. The neurobehavior changes induced by PFOA exposure might link to multiple aspects of dopaminergic neuron development and dopamine functions in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Guangdi Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China
| | - Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China.
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200292, China.
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84
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Nguyen TTM, Gillet G, Popgeorgiev N. Caspases in the Developing Central Nervous System: Apoptosis and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702404. [PMID: 34336853 PMCID: PMC8322698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase family of cysteine proteases represents the executioners of programmed cell death (PCD) type I or apoptosis. For years, caspases have been known for their critical roles in shaping embryonic structures, including the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent findings have suggested that aside from their roles in eliminating unnecessary neural cells, caspases are also implicated in other neurodevelopmental processes such as axon guidance, synapse formation, axon pruning, and synaptic functions. These results raise the question as to how neurons regulate this decision-making, leading either to cell death or to proper development and differentiation. This review highlights current knowledge on apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions of caspases in the developing CNS. We also discuss the molecular factors involved in the regulation of caspase-mediated roles, emphasizing the mitochondrial pathway of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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85
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Netzahualcoyotzi C, Rodríguez-Serrano LM, Chávez-Hernández ME, Buenrostro-Jáuregui MH. Early Consumption of Cannabinoids: From Adult Neurogenesis to Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7450. [PMID: 34299069 PMCID: PMC8306314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a crucial modulatory system in which interest has been increasing, particularly regarding the regulation of behavior and neuroplasticity. The adolescent-young adulthood phase of development comprises a critical period in the maturation of the nervous system and the ECS. Neurogenesis occurs in discrete regions of the adult brain, and this process is linked to the modulation of some behaviors. Since marijuana (cannabis) is the most consumed illegal drug globally and the highest consumption rate is observed during adolescence, it is of particular importance to understand the effects of ECS modulation in these early stages of adulthood. Thus, in this article, we sought to summarize recent evidence demonstrating the role of the ECS and exogenous cannabinoid consumption in the adolescent-young adulthood period; elucidate the effects of exogenous cannabinoid consumption on adult neurogenesis; and describe some essential and adaptive behaviors, such as stress, anxiety, learning, and memory. The data summarized in this work highlight the relevance of maintaining balance in the endocannabinoid modulatory system in the early and adult stages of life. Any ECS disturbance may induce significant modifications in the genesis of new neurons and may consequently modify behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Netzahualcoyotzi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la alimentación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Elena Chávez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
| | - Mario Humberto Buenrostro-Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fé, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico; (C.N.); (L.M.R.-S.); (M.E.C.-H.)
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86
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Świtońska-Kurkowska K, Krist B, Delimata J, Figiel M. Juvenile Huntington's Disease and Other PolyQ Diseases, Update on Neurodevelopmental Character and Comparative Bioinformatic Review of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642773. [PMID: 34277598 PMCID: PMC8281051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the CAG repeat expansion mutation in affected genes resulting in toxic proteins containing a long chain of glutamines. There are nine PolyQ diseases: Huntington’s disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxias (types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17), dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). In general, longer CAG expansions and longer glutamine tracts lead to earlier disease presentations in PolyQ patients. Rarely, cases of extremely long expansions are identified for PolyQ diseases, and they consistently lead to juvenile or sometimes very severe infantile-onset polyQ syndromes. In apparent contrast to the very long CAG tracts, shorter CAGs and PolyQs in proteins seems to be the evolutionary factor enhancing human cognition. Therefore, polyQ tracts in proteins can be modifiers of brain development and disease drivers, which contribute neurodevelopmental phenotypes in juvenile- and adult-onset PolyQ diseases. Therefore we performed a bioinformatics review of published RNAseq polyQ expression data resulting from the presence of polyQ genes in search of neurodevelopmental expression patterns and comparison between diseases. The expression data were collected from cell types reflecting stages of development such as iPSC, neuronal stem cell, neurons, but also the adult patients and models for PolyQ disease. In addition, we extended our bioinformatic transcriptomic analysis by proteomics data. We identified a group of 13 commonly downregulated genes and proteins in HD mouse models. Our comparative bioinformatic review highlighted several (neuro)developmental pathways and genes identified within PolyQ diseases and mouse models responsible for neural growth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Krist
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Delimata
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Figiel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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87
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Antón IM, Wandosell F. WIP, YAP/TAZ and Actin Connections Orchestrate Development and Transformation in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673986. [PMID: 34195190 PMCID: PMC8237755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are transcription co-regulators that make up the terminal components of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a role in organ size control and derived tissue homeostasis through regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of a wide variety of differentiated and stem cells. Hippo/YAP signaling contributes to normal development of the nervous system, as it participates in self-renewal of neural stem cells, proliferation of neural progenitor cells and differentiation, activation and myelination of glial cells. Not surprisingly, alterations in this pathway underlie the development of severe neurological diseases. In glioblastomas, YAP and TAZ levels directly correlate with the amount of the actin-binding molecule WIP (WASP interacting protein), which regulates stemness and invasiveness. In neurons, WIP modulates cytoskeleton dynamics through actin polymerization/depolymerization and acts as a negative regulator of neuritogenesis, dendrite branching and dendritic spine formation. Our working hypothesis is that WIP regulates the YAP/TAZ pools using a Hippo-independent pathway. Thus, in this review we will present some of the data that links WIP, YAP and TAZ, with a focus on their function in cells from the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is hoped that a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in brain and nervous development and the pathologies that arise due to their alteration will reveal novel therapeutic targets for neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés M Antón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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88
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Shohayeb B, Muzar Z, Cooper HM. Conservation of neural progenitor identity and the emergence of neocortical neuronal diversity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:4-13. [PMID: 34083116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One paramount challenge for neuroscientists over the past century has been to identify the embryonic origins of the enormous diversity of cortical neurons found in the adult human neocortex and to unravel the developmental processes governing their emergence. In all mammals, including humans, the radial glia lining the ventricles of the embryonic telencephalon, more recently reclassified as apical radial glia (aRGs), have been identified as the neural progenitors giving rise to all excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons of the six-layered cortex. In this review, we explore the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate aRG function and the generation of neuronal diversity in the dorsal telencephalon. We survey the key structural features essential for the retention of the highly polarized aRG morphology and therefore impose aRG identity after cytokinesis. We discuss how these structures and associated molecular signaling complexes influence aRG proliferative capacity and the decision to undergo proliferative self-renewing symmetric or neurogenic asymmetric divisions. We also explore the intriguing and complex question of how the extensive neuronal diversity within the adult neocortex arises from the small aRG population located within the cortical proliferative zone. We further highlight the recent clonal lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomic profiling studies providing compelling evidence that individual neuronal identity emerges as a consequence of exposure to temporally regulated extrinsic cues which coordinate waves of transcriptional activity that evolve over time to drive neuronal commitment and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Shohayeb
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Zukhrofi Muzar
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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89
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Peguera B, Segarra M, Acker-Palmer A. Neurovascular crosstalk coordinates the central nervous system development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:202-213. [PMID: 34077852 PMCID: PMC8411665 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review: The synchronic development of vascular and nervous systems is orchestrated by common molecules that regulate the communication between both systems. The identification of these common guiding cues and the developmental processes regulated by neurovascular communication are slowly emerging. In this review, we describe the molecules modulating the neurovascular development and their impact in processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and brain homeostasis. Recent findings: Blood vessels not only are involved in nutrient and oxygen supply of the central nervous system (CNS) but also exert instrumental functions controlling developmental neurogenesis, CNS cytoarchitecture, and neuronal plasticity. Conversely, neurons modulate CNS vascularization and brain endothelial properties such as blood–brain barrier and vascular hyperemia. Summary: The integration of the active role of endothelial cells in the development and maintenance of neuronal function is important to obtain a more holistic view of the CNS complexity and also to understand how the vasculature is involved in neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Peguera
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marta Segarra
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, D-60438, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4 Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
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90
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Coquand L, Victoria GS, Tata A, Carpentieri JA, Brault JB, Guimiot F, Fraisier V, Baffet AD. CAMSAPs organize an acentrosomal microtubule network from basal varicosities in radial glial cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212175. [PMID: 34019079 PMCID: PMC8144914 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons of the neocortex are generated by stem cells called radial glial cells. These polarized cells extend a short apical process toward the ventricular surface and a long basal fiber that acts as a scaffold for neuronal migration. How the microtubule cytoskeleton is organized in these cells to support long-range transport is unknown. Using subcellular live imaging within brain tissue, we show that microtubules in the apical process uniformly emanate for the pericentrosomal region, while microtubules in the basal fiber display a mixed polarity, reminiscent of the mammalian dendrite. We identify acentrosomal microtubule organizing centers localized in varicosities of the basal fiber. CAMSAP family members accumulate in these varicosities, where they control microtubule growth. Double knockdown of CAMSAP1 and 2 leads to a destabilization of the entire basal process. Finally, using live imaging of human fetal cortex, we reveal that this organization is conserved in basal radial glial cells, a related progenitor cell population associated with human brain size expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Coquand
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Guiliana Soraya Victoria
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Alice Tata
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jacopo Amerigo Carpentieri
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Brault
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Unité de Fœtopathologie-Université de Paris et Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Fraisier
- UMR144-Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Centre national de la recherche scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre D Baffet
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR144, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
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91
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Spatiotemporal Patterns of Menin Localization in Developing Murine Brain: Co-Expression with the Elements of Cholinergic Synaptic Machinery. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051215. [PMID: 34065662 PMCID: PMC8156519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Menin, a product of MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) gene is an important regulator of tissue development and maintenance; its perturbation results in multiple tumors—primarily of the endocrine tissue. Despite its abundance in the developing central nervous system (CNS), our understanding of menin’s role remains limited. Recently, we discovered menin to play an important role in cholinergic synaptogenesis in the CNS, whereas others have shown its involvement in learning, memory, depression and apoptosis. For menin to play these important roles in the CNS, its expression patterns must be corroborated with other components of the synaptic machinery imbedded in the learning and memory centers; this, however, remains to be established. Here, we report on the spatio-temporal expression patterns of menin, which we found to exhibit dynamic distribution in the murine brain from early development, postnatal period to a fully-grown adult mouse brain. We demonstrate here that menin expression is initially widespread in the brain during early embryonic stages, albeit with lower intensity, as determined by immunohistochemistry and gene expression. With the progression of development, however, menin expression became highly localized to learning, memory and cognition centers in the CNS. In addition to menin expression patterns throughout development, we provide the first direct evidence for its co-expression with nicotinic acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) receptors—concomitant with the expression of both postsynaptic (postsynaptic density protein PSD-95) and presynaptic (synaptotagamin) proteins. This study is thus the first to provide detailed analysis of spatio-temporal patterns of menin expression from initial CNS development to adulthood. When taken together with previously published studies, our data underscore menin’s importance in the cholinergic neuronal network assembly underlying learning, memory and cognition.
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92
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Prieto-Colomina A, Fernández V, Chinnappa K, Borrell V. MiRNAs in early brain development and pediatric cancer: At the intersection between healthy and diseased embryonic development. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100073. [PMID: 33998002 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The size and organization of the brain are determined by the activity of progenitor cells early in development. Key mechanisms regulating progenitor cell biology involve miRNAs. These small noncoding RNA molecules bind mRNAs with high specificity, controlling their abundance and expression. The role of miRNAs in brain development has been studied extensively, but their involvement at early stages remained unknown until recently. Here, recent findings showing the important role of miRNAs in the earliest phases of brain development are reviewed, and it is discussed how loss of specific miRNAs leads to pathological conditions, particularly adult and pediatric brain tumors. Let-7 miRNA downregulation and the initiation of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), a novel link recently discovered by the laboratory, are focused upon. Finally, it is discussed how miRNAs may be used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of pediatric brain tumors, with the hope of improving the prognosis of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prieto-Colomina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández
- Neurobiology of miRNA, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Kaviya Chinnappa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Víctor Borrell
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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93
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Biga V, Hawley J, Soto X, Johns E, Han D, Bennett H, Adamson AD, Kursawe J, Glendinning P, Manning CS, Papalopulu N. A dynamic, spatially periodic, micro-pattern of HES5 underlies neurogenesis in the mouse spinal cord. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9902. [PMID: 34031978 PMCID: PMC8144840 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultradian oscillations of HES Transcription Factors (TFs) at the single-cell level enable cell state transitions. However, the tissue-level organisation of HES5 dynamics in neurogenesis is unknown. Here, we analyse the expression of HES5 ex vivo in the developing mouse ventral spinal cord and identify microclusters of 4-6 cells with positively correlated HES5 level and ultradian dynamics. These microclusters are spatially periodic along the dorsoventral axis and temporally dynamic, alternating between high and low expression with a supra-ultradian persistence time. We show that Notch signalling is required for temporal dynamics but not the spatial periodicity of HES5. Few Neurogenin 2 cells are observed per cluster, irrespective of high or low state, suggesting that the microcluster organisation of HES5 enables the stable selection of differentiating cells. Computational modelling predicts that different cell coupling strengths underlie the HES5 spatial patterns and rate of differentiation, which is consistent with comparison between the motoneuron and interneuron progenitor domains. Our work shows a previously unrecognised spatiotemporal organisation of neurogenesis, emergent at the tissue level from the synthesis of single-cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Biga
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Joshua Hawley
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ximena Soto
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Emma Johns
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Daniel Han
- Department of MathematicsSchool of Natural SciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hayley Bennett
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Antony D Adamson
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Paul Glendinning
- Department of MathematicsSchool of Natural SciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Cerys S Manning
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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94
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Siskos N, Stylianopoulou E, Skavdis G, Grigoriou ME. Molecular Genetics of Microcephaly Primary Hereditary: An Overview. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050581. [PMID: 33946187 PMCID: PMC8145766 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroCephaly Primary Hereditary (MCPH) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a significant reduction of the occipitofrontal head circumference and mild to moderate mental disability. Patients have small brains, though with overall normal architecture; therefore, studying MCPH can reveal not only the pathological mechanisms leading to this condition, but also the mechanisms operating during normal development. MCPH is genetically heterogeneous, with 27 genes listed so far in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. In this review, we discuss the role of MCPH proteins and delineate the molecular mechanisms and common pathways in which they participate.
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95
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Zhi Y, Zhou X, Yu J, Yuan L, Zhang H, Ng DCH, Xu Z, Xu D. Pathophysiological Significance of WDR62 and JNK Signaling in Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640753. [PMID: 33937237 PMCID: PMC8086514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is highly evolutionarily conserved and plays important roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. The WD40-repeat protein 62 (WDR62) is a scaffold protein that recruits different components of the JNK signaling pathway to regulate several human diseases including neurological disorders, infertility, and tumorigenesis. Recent studies revealed that WDR62 regulates the process of neural stem cell mitosis and germ cell meiosis through JNK signaling. In this review we summarize the roles of WDR62 and JNK signaling in neuronal and non-neuronal contexts and discuss how JNK-dependent signaling regulates both processes. WDR62 is involved in various human disorders via JNK signaling regulation, and may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jurui Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dominic C H Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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96
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Leclech C, Barakat AI. Is there a universal mechanism of cell alignment in response to substrate topography? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:284-292. [PMID: 33843154 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell alignment and elongation in the direction of anisotropic and aligned topographies are key manifestations of cellular contact guidance and are observed in many cell types. Whether this observation occurs through a universal mechanism remains to be established. In this Views article, we begin by presenting the most widely accepted model of topography-driven cell alignment which posits that anisotropic topographies impose lateral constraints on the growth of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, thereby driving anisotropic force generation and cellular elongation and alignment. We then discuss particular scenarios where alternative or complementary mechanisms of cell alignment appear to be at play. These include the cases of specific cell types such as amoeboid-like cells and neurons as well as certain topography sizes. Finally, we review the role of the actin cytoskeleton in modulating topography-driven cell alignment and underscore the need for elucidating the role that other cytoskeletal elements play. We close by identifying key open questions the responses to which will significantly enhance our understanding of the role of cellular contact guidance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leclech
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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97
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Scaramuzza L, De Rocco G, Desiato G, Cobolli Gigli C, Chiacchiaretta M, Mirabella F, Pozzi D, De Simone M, Conforti P, Pagani M, Benfenati F, Cesca F, Bedogni F, Landsberger N. The enhancement of activity rescues the establishment of Mecp2 null neuronal phenotypes. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12433. [PMID: 33665914 PMCID: PMC8033520 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MECP2 mutations cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe and progressive neurodevelopmental disorder mainly affecting females. Although RTT patients exhibit delayed onset of symptoms, several evidences demonstrate that MeCP2 deficiency alters early development of the brain. Indeed, during early maturation, Mecp2 null cortical neurons display widespread transcriptional changes, reduced activity, and defective morphology. It has been proposed that during brain development these elements are linked in a feed-forward cycle where neuronal activity drives transcriptional and morphological changes that further increase network maturity. We hypothesized that the enhancement of neuronal activity during early maturation might prevent the onset of RTT-typical molecular and cellular phenotypes. Accordingly, we show that the enhancement of excitability, obtained by adding to neuronal cultures Ampakine CX546, rescues transcription of several genes, neuronal morphology, and responsiveness to stimuli. Greater effects are achieved in response to earlier treatments. In vivo, short and early administration of CX546 to Mecp2 null mice prolongs lifespan, delays the disease progression, and rescues motor abilities and spatial memory, thus confirming the value for RTT of an early restoration of neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Scaramuzza
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Giuseppina De Rocco
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Genni Desiato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- CNR Institute of NeuroscienceMilanItaly
| | - Clementina Cobolli Gigli
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
- Present address:
Department of NeuroscienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Davide Pozzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Marco De Simone
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
- Present address:
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CAUSA
| | - Paola Conforti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”MilanItaly
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly
- Present address:
Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
- Present address:
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CAUSA
| | - Francesco Bedogni
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Present address:
Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)Division of NeuroscienceSchool of BiosciencesCardiffUK
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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98
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López-Medina E, Rojas CA, Calle-Giraldo JP, Alexander N, Hurtado IC, Dávalos DM, López P, Barco C, Libreros D, Arias A, Lesmes MC, Pinzón E, Ortiz VA. Risks of Adverse Childhood Outcomes According to Prenatal Time of Exposure to Zika Virus: Assessment in a Cohort Exposed to Zika During an Outbreak in Colombia. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:337-340. [PMID: 32415777 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Late gestational exposure to Zika increases the odds of delay in the Bayley-II mental developmental index (MDI) in children with normal baseline neurologic assessments; 9-fold when comparing third and first trimester exposure. Risk of MDI developmental delay increases by 8% for each week of gestational age at time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia
| | - Isabel C Hurtado
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Health, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Diana M Dávalos
- Department of Public Health, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Pio López
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Carolina Barco
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Diana Libreros
- Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Elisa Pinzón
- Department of Health, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
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99
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Wang Y, Lafon PA, Salvador-Prince L, Gines AR, Trousse F, Torrent J, Prevostel C, Crozet C, Liu J, Perrier V. Prenatal exposure to low doses of fungicides corrupts neurogenesis in neonates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110829. [PMID: 33548298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis plays a crucial role during neurodevelopment and its dysfunction can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. A recent hypothesis stipulates that exogenous factors could corrupt this process and predispose to neurodegenerative disorders later in life. The presence of pesticide residues in the diet represents a threat of which we have recently become aware of. Indeed, they could corrupt neurogenesis, especially during gestation, potentially leading to impaired neuronal and synaptic functions. Since the effects of this low-noise contamination have not yet been evaluated on the neurodevelopment, we investigated the impact of fungicide residues on WT mice exposed throughout gestation. Thus, mice were exposed to fungicides, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil, alone at 0.1 μg/L during gestation until P3. Besides, another group was exposed to a cocktail of these three fungicides (0.1 μg/L each) for the same time. Exposure was performed through drinking water at the regulatory limit dose of the European countries (0.1 μg/L). No general toxicity was observed in neonates on body and brain weight upon fungicide exposure. However, results showed that gestational exposure to fungicide residues substantially promoted an increase of neural precursor cells at P3. This corrupted neurogenesis was linked to increased levels of β-catenin, likely through the crosstalk of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, both involved in cell proliferation. Fungicide exposure also altered protein expression of PSD95 and NMDA receptors in P3 neonates, two targets of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Adult neural stem cell extractions from mice treated with the fungicide cocktail, showed an increase proliferation and differentiation combined with a reduction of their migration properties. In addition, in vitro studies on hippocampal primary cell cultures treated with various concentrations of fungicides showed neurotoxic effects. To conclude, corruption of neurogenesis by this chemical assault could be a fertile ground for the development of neurological diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wang
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-André Lafon
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China; MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Salvador-Prince
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Aroa Relano Gines
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Joan Torrent
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Carole Crozet
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Véronique Perrier
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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100
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A Highly Conserved Circular RNA Is Required to Keep Neural Cells in a Progenitor State in the Mammalian Brain. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2170-2179.e5. [PMID: 32075758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
circSLC45A4 is the main RNA splice isoform produced from its genetic locus and one of the highest expressed circRNAs in the developing human frontal cortex. Knockdown of this highly conserved circRNA in a human neuroblastoma cell line is sufficient to induce spontaneous neuronal differentiation, measurable by increased expression of neuronal marker genes. Depletion of circSlc45a4 in the developing mouse cortex causes a significant reduction of the basal progenitor pool and increases the expression of neurogenic regulators. Furthermore, knockdown of circSlc45a4a induces a significant depletion of cells in the cortical plate. In addition, deconvolution of the bulk RNA-seq data with the help of single-cell RNA-seq data validates the depletion of basal progenitors and reveals an increase in Cajal-Retzius cells. In summary, we present a detailed study of a highly conserved circular RNA that is necessary to maintain the pool of neural progenitors in vitro and in vivo.
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