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Cruz-Torres I, Backos DS, Herson PS. Characterization and Optimization of the Novel Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Antagonist tatM2NX. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:102-111. [PMID: 31772034 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium-permeable channel activated by adenosine diphosphate ribose metabolites and oxidative stress. TRPM2 contributes to neuronal injury in the brain caused by stroke and cardiac arrest among other diseases including pain, inflammation, and cancer. However, the lack of specific inhibitors hinders the study of TRPM2 in brain pathophysiology. Here, we present the design of a novel TRPM2 antagonist, tatM2NX, which prevents ligand binding and TRPM2 activation. We used mutagenesis of tatM2NX to determine the structure-activity relationship and antagonistic mechanism on TRPM2 using whole-cell patch clamp and Calcium imaging in human embryonic kidney 293 cells with stable human TRPM2 expression. We show that tatM2NX inhibits over 90% of TRPM2 channel currents at concentrations as low as 2 μM. Moreover, tatM2NX is a potent antagonist with an IC50 of 396 nM. Our results from tatM2NX mutagenesis indicate that specific residues within the tatM2NX C terminus are required to confer antagonism on TRPM2. Therefore, the peptide tatM2NX represents a new tool for the study of TRPM2 function in cell biology and enhances our understanding of TRPM2 in disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: TatM2NX is a potent TRPM2 channel antagonist with the potential for clinical benefit in neurological diseases. This study characterizes interactions of tatM2NX with TRPM2 and the mechanism of action using structure-activity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cruz-Torres
- Departments of Pharmacology (I.C.-T., P.S.H.) and Anesthesiology (P.S.H.) and Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program (I.C.-T., P.S.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - D S Backos
- Departments of Pharmacology (I.C.-T., P.S.H.) and Anesthesiology (P.S.H.) and Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program (I.C.-T., P.S.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
| | - P S Herson
- Departments of Pharmacology (I.C.-T., P.S.H.) and Anesthesiology (P.S.H.) and Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program (I.C.-T., P.S.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado (D.S.B.)
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52
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Dietz RM, Cruz-Torres I, Orfila JE, Patsos OP, Shimizu K, Chalmers N, Deng G, Tiemeier E, Quillinan N, Herson PS. Reversal of Global Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Delayed Inhibition of TRPM2 Ion Channels. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:254-266. [PMID: 31250378 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal injury and cognitive impairments are common after cardiac arrest and stroke and do not have an effective intervention despite much effort. Therefore, we developed a new approach aimed at reversing synaptic dysfunction by targeting TRPM2 channels. Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) in mice was used to investigate cognitive deficits and the role of the calcium-permeable ion channel transient receptor potential-M2 (TRPM2) in ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction. Our data indicates that absence (TRPM2-/-) or acute inhibition of TRPM2 channels with tatM2NX reduced hippocampal cell death in males only, but prevented synaptic plasticity deficits in both sexes. Remarkably, administration of tatM2NX weeks after injury reversed hippocampal plasticity and memory deficits. Finally, TRPM2-dependent activation of calcineurin-GSK3β pathway contributes to synaptic plasticity impairments. These data suggest persistent TRPM2 activity following ischemia contributes to impairments of the surviving hippocampal network and that inhibition of TRPM2 channels at chronic time points may represent a novel strategy to improve functional recovery following cerebral ischemia that is independent of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivelisse Cruz-Torres
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olivia P Patsos
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Chalmers
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Guiying Deng
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erika Tiemeier
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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53
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Wang W, Zhang LS, Zinsmaier AK, Patterson G, Leptich EJ, Shoemaker SL, Yatskievych TA, Gibboni R, Pace E, Luo H, Zhang J, Yang S, Bao S. Neuroinflammation mediates noise-induced synaptic imbalance and tinnitus in rodent models. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000307. [PMID: 31211773 PMCID: PMC6581239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a major risk factor for tinnitus, hyperacusis, and central auditory processing disorder. Although recent studies indicate that hearing loss causes neuroinflammation in the auditory pathway, the mechanisms underlying hearing loss–related pathologies are still poorly understood. We examined neuroinflammation in the auditory cortex following noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and its role in tinnitus in rodent models. Our results indicate that NIHL is associated with elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation—two defining features of neuroinflammatory responses—in the primary auditory cortex (AI). Genetic knockout of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or pharmacologically blocking TNF-α expression prevented neuroinflammation and ameliorated the behavioral phenotype associated with tinnitus in mice with NIHL. Conversely, infusion of TNF-α into AI resulted in behavioral signs of tinnitus in both wild-type and TNF-α knockout mice with normal hearing. Pharmacological depletion of microglia also prevented tinnitus in mice with NIHL. At the synaptic level, the frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) increased and that of miniature inhibitory synaptic currents (mIPSCs) decreased in AI pyramidal neurons in animals with NIHL. This excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic imbalance was completely prevented by pharmacological blockade of TNF-α expression. These results implicate neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target for treating tinnitus and other hearing loss–related disorders. Prolonged exposure to loud noises causes neuronal hyperexcitability and increases the risk of tinnitus. This study reveals that this type of tinnitus is mediated by noise-induced neuroinflammation; blockade of neuroinflammatory responses prevents noise-induced neuronal excitation/inhibition imbalance and tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Li. S. Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander K. Zinsmaier
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Patterson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Emily Jean Leptich
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Savannah L. Shoemaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tatiana A. Yatskievych
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Robert Gibboni
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Edward Pace
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shaowen Bao
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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54
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Fourgeaud L, Dvorak C, Faouzi M, Starkus J, Sahdeo S, Wang Q, Lord B, Coate H, Taylor N, He Y, Qin N, Wickenden A, Carruthers N, Lovenberg TW, Penner R, Bhattacharya A. Pharmacology of JNJ-28583113: A novel TRPM2 antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:299-307. [PMID: 30965058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) is a cation channel activated by free intracellular ADP-ribose and reactive oxygen species. TRPM2 signaling has been linked to the pathophysiology of CNS disorders such as neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease. In this manuscript, we describe the discovery of JNJ-28583113, a potent brain penetrant TRPM2 antagonist. Ca2+ flux assays in cells overexpressing TRPM2 and electrophysiological recordings were used to test the pharmacology of JNJ-28583113. JNJ-28583113 was assayed in vitro on GSK-3 phosphorylation levels, cell death, cytokine release in microglia and unbiased morphological phenotypic analysis. Finally, we dosed animals to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties. Our results showed that JNJ-28583113 is a potent (126 ± 0.5 nM) TRPM2 antagonist. Blocking TRPM2 caused phosphorylation of GSK3α and β subunits. JNJ-28583113 also protected cells from oxidative stress induced cell death as well as morphological changes induced by non-cytotoxic concentrations of H2O2. In addition, inhibiting TRPM2 blunted cytokine release in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli in microglia. Lastly, we showed that JNJ-28583113 was brain penetrant but not suitable for systemic dosing as it was rapidly metabolized in vivo. While the in-vitro pharmacology of JNJ-28583113 is the best in class, its in-vivo properties would need optimization to assist in further probing key roles of TRPM2 in CNS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fourgeaud
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Curt Dvorak
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Malika Faouzi
- Centre for Biomedical Research at the Queen's Medical Centre, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - John Starkus
- Centre for Biomedical Research at the Queen's Medical Centre, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Sunil Sahdeo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Heather Coate
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yingbo He
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ning Qin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alan Wickenden
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Timothy W Lovenberg
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Reinhold Penner
- Centre for Biomedical Research at the Queen's Medical Centre, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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55
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Malko P, Syed Mortadza SA, McWilliam J, Jiang LH. TRPM2 Channel in Microglia as a New Player in Neuroinflammation Associated With a Spectrum of Central Nervous System Pathologies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:239. [PMID: 30914955 PMCID: PMC6423084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial in maintaining a healthy environment for neurons to function properly. However, aberrant microglial cell activation can lead to excessive generation of neurotoxic proinflammatory mediators and neuroinflammation, which represents a contributing factor in a wide spectrum of CNS pathologies, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain damage, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, psychiatric disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and chronic neuropathic pain. Oxidative stress is a salient and common feature of these conditions and has been strongly implicated in microglial cell activation and neuroinflammation. The transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) channel, an oxidative stress-sensitive calcium-permeable cationic channel, is highly expressed in microglial cells. In this review, we examine the recent studies that provide evidence to support an important role for the TRPM2 channel, particularly TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling, in mediating microglial cell activation, generation of proinflammatory mediators and neuroinflammation, which are of relevance to CNS pathologies. These findings lead to a growing interest in the TRPM2 channel, a new player in neuroinflammation, as a novel therapeutic target for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Malko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifah A Syed Mortadza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Joseph McWilliam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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56
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The TRPM2 channel nexus from oxidative damage to Alzheimer's pathologies: An emerging novel intervention target for age-related dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:67-79. [PMID: 30009973 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative condition, is the most common cause of dementia among the elder people, but currently there is no treatment. A number of putative pathogenic events, particularly amyloid β peptide (Aβ) accumulation, are believed to be early triggers that initiate AD. However, thus far targeting Aβ generation/aggregation as the mainstay strategy of drug development has not led to effective AD-modifying therapeutics. Oxidative damage is a conspicuous feature of AD, but this remains poorly defined phenomenon and mechanistically ill understood. The TRPM2 channel has emerged as a potentially ubiquitous molecular mechanism mediating oxidative damage and thus plays a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. This article will review the emerging evidence from recent studies and propose a novel 'hypothesis' that multiple TRPM2-mediated cellular and molecular mechanisms cascade Aβ and/or oxidative damage to AD pathologies. The 'hypothesis' based on these new findings discusses the prospect of considering the TRPM2 channel as a novel therapeutic target for intervening AD and age-related dementia.
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57
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Liang H, Chen A, Lai X, Liu J, Wu J, Kang Y, Wang X, Shao L. Neuroinflammation is induced by tongue-instilled ZnO nanoparticles via the Ca 2+-dependent NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:39. [PMID: 30340606 PMCID: PMC6194560 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extensive biological applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in stomatology have created serious concerns about their biotoxicity. In our previous study, ZnO NPs were confirmed to transfer to the central nervous system (CNS) via the taste nerve pathway and cause neurodegeneration after 30 days of tongue instillation. However, the potential adverse effects on the brain caused by tongue-instilled ZnO NPs are not fully known. Methods In this study, the biodistribution of Zn, cerebral histopathology and inflammatory responses were analysed after 30 days of ZnO NPs tongue instillation. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in vivo were further elucidated by treating BV2 and PC12 cells with ZnO NPs in vitro. Results This analysis indicated that ZnO NPs can transfer into the CNS, activate glial cells and cause neuroinflammation after tongue instillation. Furthermore, exposure to ZnO NPs led to a reduction in cell viability and induction of inflammatory response and calcium influx in BV2 and PC12 cells. The mechanism underlying how ZnO NPs induce neuroinflammation via the Ca2+-dependent NF-κB, ERK and p38 activation pathways was verified at the cytological level. Conclusion This study provided a new way how NPs, such as ZnO NPs, induce neuroinflammation via the taste nerve translocation pathway, a new mechanism for ZnO NPs-induced neuroinflammation and a new direction for nanomaterial toxicity analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0274-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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58
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Shirakawa H, Kaneko S. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Microglia-Related CNS Inflammatory Diseases. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1152-1157. [PMID: 30068863 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a number of studies have focused on the links between neurodegenerative diseases and CNS glial cells, especially microglia. Microglia are the main resident immune cells in the CNS and represent approximately 10-15% of all CNS cells. Microglia play an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis at rest by surveying the environment, and engulfing apoptotic cells and debris in the healthy brain. However, under certain pathological conditions, microglia can generate neurotoxic factors, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and molecules like nitric oxide (NO), which lead to CNS inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence that regulation of microglial ion channels may modulate CNS inflammation and subsequent tissue damage in neurological disorders. In particular, we discuss the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in microglia in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and describe the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRP channels in CNS inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we describe the benefits of stimulation/inhibition of TRP channels in animal models of microglia-related CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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59
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Li X, Jiang LH. A critical role of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel in a positive feedback mechanism for reactive oxygen species-induced delayed cell death. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3647-3660. [PMID: 30229906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in delayed neuronal cell death, responsible for postischemia brain damage via altering intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis, but a mechanistic understanding is still lacking. Here, we showed that H2 O2 induced neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell death with a significant delay, dependently of the TRPM2 channel and increased [Zn2+ ]i , and therefore used this cell model to investigate the mechanisms underlying ROS-induced TRPM2-mediated delayed cell death. H2 O2 increased concentration-dependently the [Zn2+ ]i and caused lysosomal dysfunction and Zn2+ loss and, furthermore, mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, fragmentation, and ROS generation. Such effects were suppressed by preventing poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose, ADPR) polymerase-1-dependent TRPM2 channel activation with PJ34 and 3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyldiphenoquinone, inhibiting the TRPM2 channel with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid, or chelating Zn2+ with N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN). Bafilomycin-induced lysosomal dysfunction also resulted in mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, fragmentation, and ROS generation that were inhibited by PJ34 or 2-APB, suggesting that these mitochondrial events are TRPM2 dependent and sequela of lysosomal dysfunction. Mitochondrial TRPM2 expression was detected and exposure to ADPR-induced Zn2+ uptake in isolated mitochondria, which was prevented by TPEN. H2 O2 -induced delayed cell death was inhibited by apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) inhibitors, GKT137831, an NOX1/4-specific inhibitor, or Gö6983, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Moreover, inhibition of PKC/NOX prevented H2 O2 -induced ROS generation, lysosomal dysfunction and Zn2+ release, and mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, fragmentation and ROS generation. Collectively, these results support a critical role for the TRPM2 channel in coupling PKC/NOX-mediated ROS generation, lysosomal Zn2+ release, and mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, and ROS generation to form a vicious positive feedback signaling mechanism for ROS-induced delayed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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60
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Sita G, Hrelia P, Graziosi A, Ravegnini G, Morroni F. TRPM2 in the Brain: Role in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070082. [PMID: 30037128 PMCID: PMC6070997 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins have been implicated in several cell functions as non-selective cation channels, with about 30 different mammalian TRP channels having been recognized. Among them, TRP-melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is particularly involved in the response to oxidative stress and inflammation, while its activity depends on the presence of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). TRPM2 is involved in several physiological and pathological processes in the brain through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to provide a brief summary of the current insights of TRPM2 role in health and disease to focalize our attention on future potential neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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61
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Belrose JC, Jackson MF. TRPM2: a candidate therapeutic target for treating neurological diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:722-732. [PMID: 29671419 PMCID: PMC5943913 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium (Ca2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel belonging to the TRP ion channel family. Oxidative stress-induced TRPM2 activation provokes aberrant intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and cell death in a variety of cell types, including neurons. Aberrant TRPM2 function has been implicated in several neurological disorders including ischemia/stroke, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease and bipolar disorder. In addition to research identifying a role for TRPM2 in disease, progress has been made in the identification of physiological functions of TRPM2 in the brain, including recent evidence that TRPM2 is necessary for the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term depression, an important form of synaptic plasticity at glutamate synapses. Here, we summarize recent evidence on the role of TRPM2 in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting TRPM2. Collectively, these studies suggest that TRPM2 represents a prospective novel therapeutic target for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Corinne Belrose
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
- E-mail
| | - Michael Frederick Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3J7, Canada
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The role of TRPM2 channels in neurons, glial cells and the blood-brain barrier in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018. [PMID: 29542681 PMCID: PMC5943904 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet novel therapeutic treatments for this condition are lacking. This review focuses on the roles of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) ion channels in cellular damage following hypoxia-ischemia and their potential as a future therapeutic target for stroke. Here, we highlight the complex molecular signaling that takes place in neurons, glial cells and the blood-brain barrier following ischemic insult. We also describe the evidence of TRPM2 involvement in these processes, as shown from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies that utilize genetic and pharmacological approaches. This evidence implicates TRPM2 in a broad range of pathways that take place every stage of cerebral ischemic injury, thus making TRPM2 a promising target for drug development for stroke and other neurodegenerative conditions of the central nervous system.
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63
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Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience 2018; 376:48-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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TRPM2 Channel Aggravates CNS Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment via Activation of Microglia in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3520-3533. [PMID: 29507145 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2451-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a characteristic seen in widespread CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders, and is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment. Recently, several studies demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can induce the excessive inflammatory responses that precede neuronal dysfunction; however, the precise mechanism of cognitive impairment due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable channel that is abundantly expressed in immune cells and is involved in aggravation of inflammatory responses. Therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological role of TRPM2 in a mouse chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). When male mice were subjected to BCAS, cognitive dysfunction and white matter injury at day 28 were significantly improved in TRPM2 knock-out (TRPM2-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas hippocampal damage was not observed. There were no differences in blood-brain barrier breakdown and H2O2 production between the two genotypes at 14 and 28 d after BCAS. Cytokine production was significantly suppressed in BCAS-operated TRPM2-KO mice compared with WT mice at day 28. In addition, the number of Iba1-positive cells gradually decreased from day 14. Moreover, daily treatment with minocycline significantly improved cognitive perturbation. Surgical techniques using bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that activated Iba1-positive cells in white matter could be brain-resident microglia, not peripheral macrophages. Together, these findings suggest that microglia contribute to the aggravation of cognitive impairment by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and that TRPM2 may be a potential target for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is manifested in a wide variety of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders that are accompanied by cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms require clarification. Here, we used a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model to investigate whether TRPM2, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel highly expressed in immune cells, plays a destructive role in the development of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive impairment, and propose a new hypothesis in which TRPM2-mediated activation of microglia, not macrophages, specifically contributes to the pathology through the aggravation of inflammatory responses. These findings shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related inflammation, and are expected to provide a novel therapeutic molecule for cognitive impairment in CNS diseases.
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Li X, Jiang LH. Multiple molecular mechanisms form a positive feedback loop driving amyloid β42 peptide-induced neurotoxicity via activation of the TRPM2 channel in hippocampal neurons. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:195. [PMID: 29416015 PMCID: PMC5833848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an important role for the ROS-sensitive TRPM2 channel in mediating age-related cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly neurotoxicity resulting from generation of excessive neurotoxic Aβ peptides. Here we examined the elusive mechanisms by which Aβ42 activates the TRPM2 channel to induce neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal neurons. Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity was ablated by genetic knockout (TRPM2-KO) and attenuated by inhibition of the TRPM2 channel activity or activation through PARP-1. Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity was also inhibited by treatment with TPEN used as a Zn2+-specific chelator. Cell imaging revealed that Aβ42-induced lysosomal dysfunction, cytosolic Zn2+ increase, mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, loss of mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial generation of ROS. These effects were suppressed by TRPM2-KO, inhibition of TRPM2 or PARP-1, or treatment with TPEN. Bafilomycin-induced lysosomal dysfunction also resulted in TRPM2-dependent cytosolic Zn2+ increase, mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, and mitochondrial generation of ROS, supporting that lysosomal dysfunction and accompanying Zn2+ release trigger mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation and generation of ROS. Aβ42-induced effects on lysosomal and mitochondrial functions besides neurotoxicity were also suppressed by inhibition of PKC and NOX. Furthermore, Aβ42-induced neurotoxicity was prevented by inhibition of MEK/ERK. Therefore, our study reveals multiple molecular mechanisms, including PKC/NOX-mediated generation of ROS, activation of MEK/ERK and PARP-1, lysosomal dysfunction and Zn2+ release, mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, loss of mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial generation of ROS, are critically engaged in forming a positive feedback loop that drives Aβ42-induced activation of the TRPM2 channel and neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons. These findings shed novel and mechanistic insights into AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Jiang LH, Wei L, Syed Mortadza S. Melastatin-related transient receptor potential 2 channel in Aβ 42-induced neuroinflammation: implications to Alzheimer’s disease mechanism and development of therapeutics. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:419-420. [PMID: 29623922 PMCID: PMC5900500 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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