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Aushev VN, Li Q, Deyssenroth M, Zhang W, Finik J, Hurd YL, Nomura Y, Chen J. Placental gene network modules are associated with maternal stress during pregnancy and infant temperament. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21922. [PMID: 34533879 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100144rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy (MPSP) is a known contributor to maladaptive neurobehavioral development of the offspring; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking MPSP with childhood outcome remain largely unknown. Transcriptome-wide gene expression data were generated using RNA-seq from placenta samples collected in a multi-ethnic urban birth cohort in New York City (n = 129). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to characterize placental co-expression modules, which were then evaluated for their associations with MPSP and infant temperament. WGCNA revealed 16 gene coexpression modules. One module, enriched for regulation of chromosome organization/gene expression, was positively associated with MPSP and negatively associated with Regulatory Capacity (REG), a component of infant temperament. Two other modules, enriched for cotranslational protein targeting and cell cycle regulation, respectively, displayed negative associations with MPSP and positive associations with REG. A module enriched with oxidative phosphorylation/mitochondrial translation was positively associated with REG. These findings support the notion that the placenta provides a functional in utero link between MPSP and infant temperament, possibly through transcriptional regulation of placental gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Aushev
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maya Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jackie Finik
- Department of Psychology at Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology at Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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52
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Pingeton BC, Goodman SH, Monk C. Prenatal origins of temperament: Fetal cardiac development & infant surgency, negative affectivity, and regulation/orienting. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 65:101643. [PMID: 34479091 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperament, i.e. individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, emerges early in infancy; might temperament originate during fetal development? Mixed findings and methodological issues in the literature examining this consideration limit our understanding of the continuity between these fetal indices and infant temperament. The primary aims of the current study were to improve on published studies by (a) using standardized and well-accepted fetal cardiac (actocardiograph) and infant temperament measures (the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised; IBQ-R) (b) expanding fetal assessments to include coupling (the cross correlation of heart rate with movement), and (c) examining a diverse sample to determine if findings of associations between fetal neurobehavior and infant temperament generalize beyond cohorts that are demographically well-resourced and predominantly white. Building on theory and empirical findings, we hypothesized that (1) FHR would be positively associated with Surgency and Negative Affectivity, (2) FHRV would be positively associated with Surgency, and Regulation/Orienting and inversely associated with Negative Affectivity, and (3) fetal coupling would be positively associated with Regulation/Orienting and Surgency and inversely associated with Negative Affectivity. We collected 20 min of fetal data (m gestational age = 34.42 weeks) and mothers completed the IBQ-R (n = 90 women; 60 % non-Caucasian race; 63 % Latina ethnicity). We found that FHR was positively associated with Negative Affectivity but not associated with Surgency (or Regulation/Orienting). FHRV was inversely associated with Surgency but not associated with Negative Affectivity or Regulation/Orienting. Coupling was positively associated with Regulation/Orienting and Surgency but not associated with Negative Affectivity. Our findings, from a more diverse sample and with established measures, provide further evidence that individual differences in reactivity and regulation can be identified in the in-utero period and show theory-based continuity to specific infant temperament constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Pingeton
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States.
| | - S H Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States
| | - C Monk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
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53
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Phillips ML, Schmithorst VJ, Banihashemi L, Taylor M, Samolyk A, Northrup JB, English GE, Versace A, Stiffler RS, Aslam HA, Bonar L, Panigrahy A, Hipwell AE. Patterns of Infant Amygdala Connectivity Mediate the Impact of High Caregiver Affect on Reducing Infant Smiling: Discovery and Replication. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:342-352. [PMID: 34130856 PMCID: PMC8364485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral research indicates that caregiver mood disorders and emotional instability in the early months following childbirth are associated with lower positive emotionality and higher negative emotionality in infants, but the neural mechanisms remain understudied. METHODS Using resting-state functional connectivity as a measure of the functional architecture of the early infant brain, we aimed to determine the extent to which connectivity between the amygdala, a key region supporting emotional learning and perception, and large-scale neural networks mediated the association between caregiver affect and anxiety and early infant negative emotionality and positive emotionality. Two samples of infants (first sample: n = 58; second sample: n = 31) 3 months of age underwent magnetic resonance imaging during natural sleep. RESULTS During infancy, greater resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdala and the salience network and, to a lesser extent, lower amygdala and executive control network resting-state functional connectivity mediated the effect of greater caregiver postpartum depression and trait anxiety on reducing infant smiling (familywise error-corrected p < .05). Furthermore, results from the first sample were replicated in the second, independent sample, to a greater extent for caregiver depression than for caregiver anxiety. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of early objective neural markers that can help identify infants who are more likely to be at risk from, versus those who might be protected against, the deleterious effects of caregiver depression and anxiety and reduced positive emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Phillips
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vincent J. Schmithorst
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Layla Banihashemi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Jessie B. Northrup
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Amelia Versace
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Lisa Bonar
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
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54
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Chetcuti L, Uljarević M, Varcin KJ, Boutrus M, Pillar S, Dimov S, Barbaro J, Dissanayake C, Green J, Wan MW, Segal L, Slonims V, Whitehouse AJO, Hudry K. Caregiver Psychological Distress Predicts Temperament and Social-Emotional Outcomes in Infants with Autism Traits. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1669-1681. [PMID: 34216330 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Child temperament and caregiver psychological distress have been independently associated with social-emotional difficulties among individuals with autism. However, the interrelationship among these risk factors has rarely been investigated. We explored the reciprocal interplay between child temperament (surgency, negative affectivity, and self-regulation) and caregiver psychological distress in the development of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in a cohort of 103 infants showing early autism traits. Caregivers completed questionnaires when children were aged around 12-months (Time 1 [T1]), 18-months (Time 2 [T2]), and 24-months (Time 3 [T3]). Cross-lagged path models revealed a significant pathway from T1 caregiver psychological distress through lower T2 child self-regulation to subsequently greater T3 child internalizing symptoms. No such caregiver-driven pathway was evident through T2 child negative affectivity or in the prediction of T3 child externalizing symptoms. Further, no support was found for temperament-driven pathways through caregiver psychological distress to child social-emotional difficulties. Child surgency was mostly unrelated to caregiver psychological distress and social-emotional difficulties. These findings implicate the need to support the mental health of caregivers with an infant with autism traits in order to enhance the emotion regulation and social-emotional development of their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Chetcuti
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mirko Uljarević
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Autism Center, Stanford, California, USA.,School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kandice J Varcin
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maryam Boutrus
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Sarah Pillar
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Stefanie Dimov
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josephine Barbaro
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia.,Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia.,Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Green
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Mental Health NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ming Wai Wan
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Leonie Segal
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicky Slonims
- Evelina Children's Hospital / Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Andrew J O Whitehouse
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kristelle Hudry
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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55
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Hernández MM, Valiente C, Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Berger RH, Johns SK, Gal-Szabo DE, Diaz A, Thompson MS, Southworth J, Pina AA. Do peer and child temperament jointly predict student–teacher conflict and closeness? JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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56
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Richter M, Lickenbrock DM. Cardiac physiological regulation across early infancy: The roles of infant surgency and parental involvement with mothers and fathers. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 64:101597. [PMID: 34119740 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and infant temperament are associated with a child's ability to self-regulate, but moderators of this association have not been thoroughly examined in the literature. Parents who are more involved might have more opportunities to interact with and soothe their children. The current study examined whether parental involvement moderated the association between infant temperament and baseline RSA with mothers and fathers across early infancy. Participants included families (n = 91) assessed at 4 and 8 months of age. Infant temperamental surgency and parental involvement were measured via parent-report when infants were 4 months old, and infant baseline RSA was measured at 4 and 8 months of age. Results revealed differences in mother versus father predictors of infant baseline RSA. A significant Infant Surgency X Maternal Play interaction was revealed; infants of mothers who were low involvement increased in their baseline RSA as their surgency increased. A significant main effect of father care was found; infants with highly involved fathers had higher baseline RSA. In conclusion, mothers and fathers may differentially influence their infant's cardiac physiological regulation based on their specific type of involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Richter
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, United States
| | - Diane M Lickenbrock
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, United States.
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57
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Bates RA, Justice LM, Salsberry PJ, Jiang H, Dynia JM, Singletary B. Co-occurring risk and protective factors and regulatory behavior of infants living in low-income homes. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 64:101598. [PMID: 34118651 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early self-regulation is a foundation for lifelong wellness and can be shaped by the interplay among several vital exposures. In this study, we examined the emergence of reliable profiles based upon exposure to risk and protective factors in infancy, determined if sociodemographic resources predict profile membership, and determined if these profiles predict early regulatory behaviors in a sample of infants reared in low-income homes. Data were collected from a sample of primarily Black or White mother-infant dyads living in low-income homes in the Midwest (n = 222) during the infants' first year of life (mean maternal age at enrollment: 26.29 years; range 18-43 years). Exposures included mother-infant interactions; father support; maternal depression, stress, and self-efficacy; home environment; food security; and breastfeeding duration. Sociodemographic resources included poverty status; economic hardship; maternal education, employment, and age; parental marital status; and infant race and sex. Infant regulatory behaviors were measured with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form effortful control subscale (mean age 11 months; range 8.5-14.3 months). Latent profile analysis was used to profile infants by risk and protective exposures. Regression was used to differentiate profiles by sociodemographic resources and to predict infant regulatory behavior from profiles. Three profiles emerged: low father support, good maternal mental health, and poor maternal mental health. A married mother, less economic hardship, and working mothers predicted infant exposure to good maternal mental health. Infant regulatory behavior was best when the infant was exposed to the good maternal mental health profile. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi A Bates
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, United States; College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, United States.
| | - Laura M Justice
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Pamela J Salsberry
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, United States; College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Hui Jiang
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Jaclyn M Dynia
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Britt Singletary
- Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, United States
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Zhang L, Yan G, Benson V. The influence of emotional face distractors on attentional orienting in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250998. [PMID: 33945576 PMCID: PMC8096071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined how emotional faces impact on attentional control at both involuntary and voluntary levels in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A non-face single target was either presented in isolation or synchronously with emotional face distractors namely angry, happy and neutral faces. ASD and typically developing children made more erroneous saccades towards emotional distractors relative to neutral distractors in parafoveal and peripheral conditions. Remote distractor effects were observed on saccade latency in both groups regardless of distractor type, whereby time taken to initiate an eye movement to the target was longest in central distractor conditions, followed by parafoveal and peripheral distractor conditions. The remote distractor effect was greater for angry faces compared to happy faces in the ASD group. Proportions of failed disengagement trials from central distractors, for the first saccade, were higher in the angry distractor condition compared with the other two distractor conditions in ASD, and this effect was absent for the typical group. Eye movement results suggest difficulties in disengaging from fixated angry faces in ASD. Atypical disengagement from angry faces at the voluntary level could have consequences for the development of higher-level socio-communicative skills in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Guoli Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Valerie Benson
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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59
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Keating J, Bramham J, Downes M. Sensory modulation and negative affect in children at familial risk of ADHD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 112:103904. [PMID: 33639605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sensory modulation difficulties are commonly reported in patients with ADHD, however there has been little focus on the development of these difficulties in young children at a higher risk of later ADHD diagnosis. This study investigated whether children with a familial history of ADHD show greater sensory modulation difficulties. We also explored whether sensory modulation was linked to negative affectivity, which has been highlighted as a potential early marker of ADHD. METHODS Parents of children under 6 years with a family history of ADHD (n = 65) and no family history (n = 122) completed questionnaires on sensory modulation and temperament. RESULTS Children from families with ADHD were reported to display extreme patterns of hyperresponsiveness and hyporesponsiveness, relative to controls. No differences emerged for the sensory seeking domain. Some children within the high-risk group reported high scores across all three sensory modulation patterns. Regression analysis revealed that hyperresponsiveness predicted higher levels of negative affect. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS This study is the first to report greater sensory modulation difficulties in children at familial risk of ADHD. Future research should establish whether children with sensory modulation and temperament difficulties in early childhood are more vulnerable to developing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Keating
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - J Bramham
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Downes
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Desmarais E, Brown K, Campbell K, French BF, Putnam SP, Casalin S, Linhares MBM, Lecannelier F, Wang Z, Raikkonen K, Heinonen K, Tuovinen S, Montirosso R, Provenzi L, Park SY, Han SY, Lee EG, Huitron B, de Weerth C, Beijers R, Majdandžić M, Benga O, Slobodskaya H, Kozlova E, Gonzalez-Salinas C, Acar I, Ahmetoglu E, Gartstein MA. Links between television exposure and toddler dysregulation: Does culture matter? Infant Behav Dev 2021; 63:101557. [PMID: 33878597 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Television exposure in early childhood has increased, with concerns raised regarding adverse effects on social-emotional development, and emerging self-regulation in particular. The present study addressed television exposure (i.e., amount of time watching TV) and its associations with toddler behavioral/emotional dysregulation, examining potential differences across 14 cultures. The sample consisted of an average of 60 toddlers from each of the 14 countries from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC; Gartstein & Putnam, 2018). Analyses were conducted relying on the multi-level modeling framework (MLM), accounting for between- and within-culture variability, and examining the extent to which TV exposure contributions were universal vs. variable across sites. Effects of time watching TV were evaluated in relation to temperament reactivity and regulation, as well as measures of emotional reactivity, attention difficulties, and aggression. Results indicated that more time spent watching TV was associated with higher ratings on Negative Emotionality, emotional reactivity, aggression, and attention problems, as well as lower levels of soothability. However, links between TV exposure and both attention problems and soothability varied significantly between cultures. Taken together, results demonstrate that increased time spent watching television was generally associated with dysregulation, although effects were not consistently uniform, but rather varied as a function of culturally-dependent contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kati Heinonen
- University of Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University, Finland
| | | | | | - Livio Provenzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Eun Gyoung Lee
- Ewha Social Science Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Helena Slobodskaya
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | - Elena Kozlova
- Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Russia
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61
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Krzeczkowski JE, Schmidt LA, Van Lieshout RJ. Changes in infant emotion regulation following maternal cognitive behavioral therapy for postpartum depression. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:412-421. [PMID: 33464686 DOI: 10.1002/da.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to maternal postpartum depression (PPD) increases the risk for emotion regulatory and psychiatric problems in offspring. This study aimed to determine if maternal cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PPD improves infant emotion regulatory capacity. METHODS Participants were 40 infants of mothers with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder matched 1:1-40 healthy control infants of nondepressed mothers on infant age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Mothers with PPD received nine weeks of group CBT. Dyads were tested at two time points. Visit 1 occurred following the first CBT session (baseline visit for control infants). Visit 2 took place after CBT (nine weeks post-baseline for controls). At both visits, infant emotion regulation was assessed using resting-state frontal electroencephalography alpha asymmetry (FAA), heart rate variability (HRV), and maternal and partner ratings of orientation or regulation behaviors (infant behavior questionnaire-revised [short form]). Changes in maternal characteristics (depression, bonding, and emotion regulation) from pretreatment to posttreatment were examined to determine if they explained infant changes. RESULTS At Visit 1, infants of women with PPD exhibited poorer emotion regulation relative to the healthy control infants. At Visit 2, following maternal PPD treatment, infants exhibited improved emotion regulation (shifted from right to left FAA [p = .01, d = 0.60], increased HRV [p = .003, d = 0.56], mother [p = .015, d = 0.29] and partner [p = .049, d = 0.35] reported orientation or regulation behaviors) such that they no longer differed from the healthy control infants. Changes in maternal characteristics did not appear to account for these changes. CONCLUSION Treating PPD may promote adaptive changes in physiological and behavioral systems underlying infant emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Hernández MM, Eisenberg N, Valiente C, Spinrad TL, Johns SK, Berger RH, Diaz A, Silva KM, Thompson MS, Gal-Szabo DE, Southworth J. Effortful Control and Extensive Observations of Negative Emotion as Joint Predictors of Teacher-Student Conflict in Childhood. EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2021; 33:1-16. [PMID: 35082478 PMCID: PMC8785871 DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2020.1857169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies with extensive observations of real-life emotions at school are rare but might be especially useful for predicting school-related outcomes. This study evaluated observations of negative emotion expressivity in lunch and recreation settings across kindergarten, first grade, and second grade (N = 301), kindergarten teachers' reports of children's effortful control, and kindergarten and second grade teachers' reports of their perceived conflict with children. In latent growth curve analyses, we tested whether individual trajectories of negative expressivity from kindergarten to second grade, based on estimated slopes, predicted teacher-student conflict in second grade, and whether effortful control in kindergarten moderated this association. RESEARCH FINDINGS Negative expressivity levels in kindergarten significantly predicted higher levels of teacher-student conflict in second grade, controlling prior teacher-student conflict. Furthermore, greater increases in negative expressivity from kindergarten to second grade were associated with higher teacher-student conflict in second grade especially for children who had difficulties with effortful control in kindergarten. PRACTICE OR POLICY Results from this study have the potential to inform programs focused on reducing teacher-student conflict. The findings highlight the possibility of targeting both effortful control and negative emotion in the early elementary school transition as a means to improve teacher-student relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Valiente
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Tracy L. Spinrad
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | | | | | - Anjolii Diaz
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ball State University
| | - Kassondra M. Silva
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Marilyn S. Thompson
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Diana E. Gal-Szabo
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Jody Southworth
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
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Early Regulatory Skills and Social Communication Development in Infants with Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020208. [PMID: 33572121 PMCID: PMC7915648 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate substantial variability in communication and language outcomes. One potential source of variability in this skill area may be early regulatory function. Characterizing the early link between regulatory function and early social communication may benefit infants with DS at risk of difficulties with social communication and language skill acquisition. Forty-three infants with DS were assessed at two time points, six months apart. At Time 1, the average chronological age was 9.0 months (SD = 3.9) and caregivers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) to assess regulatory function. Six months later, caregivers rated infant communication at the second visit using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Infant Toddler Checklist (CSBS-ITC). Infant developmental level was assessed at both visits using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition and caregivers reported on developmental history and biomedical comorbidities. Infant regulatory function at Time 1 predicted social communication outcomes at Time 2, six months later. Findings from this study suggest that elevated risk for pronounced communication challenges may be detectable as early as infancy in DS.
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64
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Vismara L, Sechi C, Lucarelli L. Reflective function in first-time mothers and fathers: Association with infant temperament and parenting stress. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2020.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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65
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Nirmalan P. Design and development of objective questionnaires. KERALA JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/kjo.kjo_204_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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66
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Atypical Development of Attentional Control Associates with Later Adaptive Functioning, Autism and ADHD Traits. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:4085-4105. [PMID: 32221749 PMCID: PMC7557503 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autism is frequently associated with difficulties with top-down attentional control, which impact on individuals’ mental health and quality of life. The developmental processes involved in these attentional difficulties are not well understood. Using a data-driven approach, 2 samples (N = 294 and 412) of infants at elevated and typical likelihood of autism were grouped according to profiles of parent report of attention at 10, 15 and 25 months. In contrast to the normative profile of increases in attentional control scores between infancy and toddlerhood, a minority (7–9%) showed plateauing attentional control scores between 10 and 25 months. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, plateaued growth of attentional control was associated with elevated autism and ADHD traits, and lower adaptive functioning at age 3 years.
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White AS, Sirota KM, Frohn SR, Swenson SE, Rudasill KM. Temperamental Constellations and School Readiness: A MultiVariate Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E55. [PMID: 33374772 PMCID: PMC7795607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study uses canonical correlation analyses to explore the relationship between multiple predictors of school readiness (i.e., academic readiness, social readiness, and teacher-child relationship) and multiple temperamental traits using data from the second wave (age 54 months, n = 1226) of the longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD; NICHD ECCRN 1993). This longitudinal study collected data on a large cohort of children and their families from birth through age 15. For academic readiness, only one temperamental constellation emerged, representing the construct of effortful control (i.e., high attentional focusing, high inhibitory control). For peer interactions, two significant constellations emerged: "dysregulated" (low inhibitory control, low shyness, and high activity), and "withdrawn" (high shyness, low inhibitory control, low attentional focusing). Finally, the analyses exploring child-teacher relationships revealed two significant constellations: "highly surgent" (high activity, low inhibitory control, low shyness) and "emotionally controlled" (low anger/frustration and high inhibitory control). Results of this study form a more nuanced exploration of relationships between temperamental traits and indicators of school readiness than can be found in the extant literature, and will provide the groundwork for future research to test specific hypotheses related to the effect temperamental constellations have on children's school readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. White
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (A.S.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Kate M. Sirota
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (A.S.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | | | - Sara E. Swenson
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (A.S.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.E.S.)
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68
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Spry EA, Aarsman SR, Youssef GJ, Patton GC, Macdonald JA, Sanson A, Thomson K, Hutchinson DM, Letcher P, Olsson CA. Maternal and paternal depression and anxiety and offspring infant negative affectivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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69
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Petersen IT, Choe DE, LeBeau B. Studying a Moving Target in Development: The Challenge and Opportunity of Heterotypic Continuity. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2020; 58:100935. [PMID: 33244192 PMCID: PMC7685252 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many psychological constructs show heterotypic continuity-their behavioral manifestations change with development but their meaning remains the same (e.g., externalizing problems). However, research has paid little attention to how to account for heterotypic continuity. Conceptual and methodological challenges of heterotypic continuity may prevent researchers from examining lengthy developmental spans. Developmental theory requires that measurement accommodate changes in manifestation of constructs. Simulation and empirical work demonstrate that failure to account for heterotypic continuity when collecting or analyzing longitudinal data results in faulty developmental inferences. Accounting for heterotypic continuity may require using different measures across time with approaches that link measures on a comparable scale. Creating a developmental scale (i.e., developmental scaling) is recommended to link measures across time and account for heterotypic continuity, which is crucial in understanding development across the lifespan. The current synthesized review defines heterotypic continuity, describes how to identify it, and presents solutions to account for it. We note challenges of addressing heterotypic continuity, and propose steps in leveraging opportunities it creates to advance empirical study of development.
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70
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Howland MA, Sandman CA, Davis EP, Glynn LM. Prenatal maternal psychological distress and fetal developmental trajectories: associations with infant temperament. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1685-1695. [PMID: 33427168 PMCID: PMC8643070 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942000142x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Associations between prenatal maternal psychological distress and offspring developmental outcomes are well documented, yet relatively little research has examined links between maternal distress and development in utero, prior to postpartum influences. Fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters are established indices of central and autonomic nervous system maturation and function which demonstrate continuity with postnatal outcomes. This prospective, longitudinal study of 149 maternal-fetal pairs evaluated associations between prenatal maternal distress, FHR parameters, and dimensions of infant temperament. Women reported their symptoms of psychological distress at five prenatal visits, and FHR monitoring was conducted at the last three visits. Maternal report of infant temperament was collected at 3 and 6 months of age. Exposure to elevated prenatal maternal psychological distress was associated with higher late-gestation resting mean FHR (FHRM) among female but not male fetuses. Higher late-gestation FHRM was associated with lower infant orienting/regulation and with higher infant negative affectivity, and these associations did not differ by infant sex. A path analysis identified higher FHRM as one pathway by which elevated prenatal maternal distress was associated with lower orienting/regulation among female infants. Findings suggest that, for females, elevated maternal distress alters fetal development, with implications for postnatal function. Results also support the notion that, for both sexes, individual differences in regulation emerge prenatally and are maintained into infancy. Collectively, these findings underscore the utility of direct assessment of development in utero when examining if prenatal experiences are carried forward into postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann A Howland
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Curt A Sandman
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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71
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Pathways to social-emotional functioning in the preschool period: The role of child temperament and maternal anxiety in boys and girls. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:961-974. [PMID: 31345275 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in social-emotional functioning emerge early and have long-term implications for developmental adaptation and competency. Research is needed that specifies multiple early risk factors and outcomes simultaneously to demonstrate specificity. Using multigroup longitudinal path analysis in a sample of typically developing children (N = 541), we examined child temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity, and regulation/effortful control) and maternal anxiety in infancy and age 2 as predictors of child externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation, and competence behaviors at age 3. Four primary patterns emerged. First, there was stability in temperament dimensions and maternal anxiety from infancy to age 3. Second, negative affectivity was implicated in internalizing problems and surgency in externalizing problems. Third, effortful control at age 2 was a potent mediator of maternal anxiety in infancy on age 3 outcomes. Fourth, there was suggestive evidence for transactional effects between maternal anxiety and child effortful control. Most pathways operated similarly for boys and girls, with some differences, particularly for surgency. These findings expand our understanding of the roles of specific temperamental domains and postnatal maternal anxiety in a range of social-emotional outcomes in the preschool period, and have implications for efforts to enhance the development of young children's social-emotional functioning and reduce risk for later psychopathology.
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72
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Dowe KN, Planalp EM, Dean DC, Alexander AL, Davidson RJ, Goldsmith HH. Early microstructure of white matter associated with infant attention. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100815. [PMID: 32658763 PMCID: PMC7358182 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infancy is characterized by rapid brain development that occurs alongside, and in response to, the development of cognitive and behavioral functions, including attention. Infants' ability to orient and sustain attention to stimuli develops in concert with refinement of the orienting network in frontoparietal regions of the brain. Infants (n = 97) underwent magnetic resonance imaging at one-month of age and data were fit to a diffusion tensor imaging model to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), as well as to a neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging model to calculate intracellular volume fraction (νic). Infant attention was assessed at six months of age using a dynamic puppet task (Cuevas and Bell, 2014). Infants with higher FA in the corpus callosum and anterior cingulum showed increased orienting behaviors. Our findings indicate that increased microstructure of the white matter tracts in the orienting network may play a role in the early neurodevelopment of attentional orienting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N Dowe
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI, 53706 United States.
| | - Elizabeth M Planalp
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI, 53706 United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States.
| | - Douglas C Dean
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States.
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States.
| | - Richard J Davidson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI, 53706 United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Healthy Minds, 625 W Washington Ave, Madison, WI, 53703 United States.
| | - H Hill Goldsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Psychology, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI, 53706 United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705 United States.
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73
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Parental internalizing disorder and the developmental trajectory of infant self-regulation: The moderating role of positive parental behaviors. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:1-17. [PMID: 32958086 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Child self-regulation (SR), a key indicator for later optimal developmental outcomes, may be compromised in the presence of parental mental disorders, especially those characterized by affective dysregulation. However, positive parental behaviors have been shown to buffer against such negative effects, especially during infancy when SR shows great plasticity to environmental inputs. The current study investigated the effect of maternal and paternal lifetime and current internalizing disorders on the developmental trajectory of infant SR from 3 to 24 months, and the potential moderating role of positive parental behaviors. A latent growth model revealed that SR increased overall from 3 to 24 months. Mothers' positive parental behaviors demonstrated significant moderation effects, such that maternal lifetime internalizing disorder was associated with higher SR intercept only among those with low levels of positive parental behavior. Mothers' lifetime internalizing disorder was also associated with a lower linear slope in SR development with a moderate effect size. Fathers' current internalizing disorder was significantly associated with a higher intercept and lower linear slope of the SR trajectory. The current study expands the infant SR literature by describing its early developmental trajectory as well as early risk and protective factors within the parent-infant environment, taking into consideration developmental inputs from both parents.
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74
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Latent class trajectories of infant temperament and associations with problem behavior at two years of age. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:69-84. [PMID: 32938514 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in temperament have been well-described, but individual differences in temperament trajectories require elaboration. Specifically, it is unknown if subgroups of infants display different developmental patterns and if these patterns relate to later behavioral problems. The aims were to identify distinct developmental patterns in broad dimensions of temperament among typically developing infants, to determine whether these developmental patterns differ by sex, to evaluate how developmental patterns within each dimension of temperament relate to developmental patterns within other dimensions of temperament, and to determine whether developmental patterns of infant temperament are associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior at 2 years of age. Data from the longitudinal Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition study (n = 1,819) were used to model latent class trajectories of parent-reported infant temperament at 3, 6, and 12 months. Four to five unique latent trajectories were identified within each temperament dimension. Sex was not associated with trajectory groups. Developmental coordination was observed between trajectories of negative emotionality and regulatory capacity, and between regulatory capacity and positive affect, but not between positive affect and negative emotionality. Negative emotionality and regulatory capacity predicted internalizing and externalizing behavior. Patterns of development in infant temperament, and not just intensity of temperament, contribute toward later problem behavior.
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75
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Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ, D'Alessandro A, Noonan K, Wyrwa A, Camille Hoffman M. Maternal choline and respiratory coronavirus effects on fetal brain development. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 128:1-4. [PMID: 32474140 PMCID: PMC7247782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal COVID-19 infection is anticipated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control to affect fetal development similarly to other common respiratory coronaviruses through effects of the maternal inflammatory response on the fetus and placenta. Plasma choline levels were measured at 16 weeks gestation in 43 mothers who had contracted common respiratory viruses during the first 6-16 weeks of pregnancy and 53 mothers who had not. When their infants reached 3 months of age, mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), which assesses their infants' level of activity (Surgency), their fearfulness and sadness (Negativity), and their ability to maintain attention and bond to their parents and caretakers (Regulation). Infants of mothers who had contracted a moderately severe respiratory virus infection and had higher gestational choline serum levels (≥7.5 mM consistent with U.S. Food and Drug Administration dietary recommendations) had significantly increased development of their ability to maintain attention and to bond with their parents (Regulation), compared to infants whose mothers had contracted an infection but had lower choline levels (<7.5 mM). For infants of mothers with choline levels ≥7.5 μM, there was no effect of viral infection on infant IBQ-R Regulation, compared to infants of mothers who were not infected. Higher choline levels obtained through diet or supplements may protect fetal development and support infant early behavioral development even if the mother contracts a viral infection in early gestation when the brain is first being formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Sharon K. Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Amanda J. Law
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Noonan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anna Wyrwa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - M. Camille Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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76
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Rennels JL, Kayl AJ, Kulhanek KM. Individual Differences in Infants' Temperament Affect Face Processing. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E474. [PMID: 32718073 PMCID: PMC7464873 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants show an advantage in processing female and familiar race faces, but the effect sizes are often small, suggesting individual differences in their discrimination abilities. This research assessed whether differences in 6-10-month-olds' temperament (surgency and orienting) predicted how they scanned individual faces varying in race and gender during familiarization and whether and how long it took them to locate the face during a visual search task. This study also examined whether infants viewing faces posing pleasant relative to neutral expressions would facilitate their discrimination of male and unfamiliar race faces. Results showed that infants' surgency on its own or in conjunction with their orienting regularly interacted with facial characteristics to predict their scanning and location of faces. Furthermore, infants' scanning patterns (dwell times and internal-external fixation shifts) correlated with their ability and time to locate a familiarized face. Moreover, infants who viewed faces with pleasant expressions showed better discrimination of unfamiliar race and male faces compared with infants who viewed neutral faces. Including temperament in the analyses consistently demonstrated its significance for understanding infant face processing. Findings suggest that positive interactions with other-race individuals and men might reduce processing disadvantages for those face types. Locating familiar adults in a timely manner is a crucial skill for infants to develop and these data elucidate factors influencing this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Rennels
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (A.J.K.); (K.M.K.)
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77
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Lee V, Duku E, Zwaigenbaum L, Bennett T, Szatmari P, Elsabbagh M, Kerns C, Mirenda P, Smith IM, Ungar WJ, Vaillancourt T, Volden J, Waddell C, Zaidman-Zait A, Thompson A, Georgiades S. Temperament influences the relationship between symptom severity and adaptive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:2057-2070. [PMID: 32615784 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320933048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Temperament is often thought of as behavioural traits that are relatively stable over time but can vary between individuals. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are often characterized as having 'reactive' and 'negative' temperaments when compared to same-aged peers with or without disabilities, which can negatively impact the development of adaptive functioning skills but little is known about variations of temperament between individual children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to (a) explore the variation of individual temperament traits within a sample of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder to determine whether subgroups with similar trait profiles emerge and (b) examine whether temperament influences the relationship between autism symptoms and adaptive functioning outcomes. Results from our dataset suggest that children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder fit under two profiles: 'even' and 'reactive'. Furthermore, our analysis shows that temperament can influence the impact of increasing symptom severity on adaptive functioning skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Study findings highlight the importance of considering temperament when trying to understand the individual differences that influence the development of functioning and developmental outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Szatmari
- CAMH/SickKids, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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78
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Hughes C, Devine RT, Mesman J, Blair C. Understanding the terrible twos: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of early executive function and parent-child interactions. Dev Sci 2020; 23:e12979. [PMID: 32353921 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in both executive function and parent-child interactions are associated with child externalizing behavior, but few studies have tested the uniqueness of these associations in the first years of life. Addressing these gaps, the current study involved an international sample (N = 438; 218 boys) who, at 14 and 24 months, completed an innovative battery of executive function tasks and were filmed at home in dyadic interaction with their mothers, enabling detailed observational ratings of maternal support. In addition, parents rated infant temperament at 4 months and externalizing behavior at 14 and 24 months. Cross-lagged longitudinal analysis showed a unidirectional developmental association between executive function at 14 months and externalizing behavior at 24 months. In addition, infant negative affect moderated the inverse association between maternal support at 14 months and externalizing behavior at 24 months. The benefits of maternal support were only evident for children with low levels of negative affect in infancy. We discuss this finding in relation to theoretical models that highlight child effects (e.g. models of vantage sensitivity).
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79
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Wang Y, Chen X, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Bai J. Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant's Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050753. [PMID: 32429579 PMCID: PMC7285300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant temperament characteristics play a critical role in children’s developmental pathways and can predict adulthood psychopathology. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with human temperament in both adults and young children. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament in 12-month-old infants is rarely studied; this developmental period is when temperament reaches a relatively stable stage. We used high-throughput sequencing methods to explore whether temperament characteristics were associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. Infants’ fecal samples were collected at 12 months of age for the gut microbiota analysis. Based on the primary caregivers’ reports, infants’ temperaments were measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-revised (IBQ-R). This study included 51 infants, including 20 boys and 31 girls, with a mean age of 12.25 months. Results showed that soothability was positively correlated with maternal education level (β = 0.29, p = 0.043, adjust p = 0.025) and the abundance of Bifidobacterium genera (β = 0.62, p = 0.004, adjust p = 0.002). Conversely, cuddliness was negatively correlated with the abundance of Hungatella genera. There was no significant difference in temperament based on gender. This study demonstrated that gut microbiota composition was associated with temperament in 12-month-old infants. These results point to the importance of gut microbiota balance. Future studies on the mechanisms behind the gut microbiota affecting temperament are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yun Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanqun Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-027-68758591 (Q.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.W.); (X.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-027-68758591 (Q.Z.)
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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80
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Tamm L, Patel M, Peugh J, Kline-Fath BM, Parikh NA. Early brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm predict under-reactive temperament. Early Hum Dev 2020; 144:104985. [PMID: 32163848 PMCID: PMC7577074 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early temperament may mediate the association between brain abnormalities following preterm birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. AIMS This exploratory study investigated whether brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm predicted temperament. STUDY DESIGN Infants born prematurely underwent structural MRI at term. Mother self-reported depression symptoms at the scanning visit, and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised-Short (IBQ-R-S) about their infant at 3-months corrected age. SUBJECTS Infants (n = 214) born at ≤32 weeks gestation (M = 29.29, SD = 2.60). Average post-menstrual age at the MRI scan was 42.72 weeks (SD = 1.30). The majority of the infants were male (n = 115), and Caucasian (n = 145) or African American (n = 58). The average birthweight in grams was 1289.75 (SD = 448.5). OUTCOME MEASURES Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised-Short (IBQ-R-S) subscales. RESULTS Multivariate regression showed white matter abnormalities predicted lower ratings on High Intensity Pleasure and Vocal Reactivity, grey matter abnormalities predicted lower ratings on High Intensity Pleasure and Cuddliness, and cerebellar abnormalities predicted lower ratings on Fear and Sadness IBQ-R-S subscales adjusting for gestational age and sex. The pattern of results was essentially unchanged when maternal depression and socioeconomic status were included in the model. CONCLUSIONS Early MRI-diagnosed brain abnormalities in infants born very preterm were associated less vocalization and engagement during cuddling, decreased ability to take pleasure in stimulating activities, and lower emotionality in fear and sadness domains. Although replication is warranted, an under-reactive temperament in infants born preterm may have a neurobiological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Tamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Meera Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America.
| | - James Peugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Beth M. Kline-Fath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America,Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America
| | - Nehal A. Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America,Correspondence to: N.A. Parikh, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Med. Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America.
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81
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Sánchez-Pérez N, Putnam SP, Gartstein MA, González-Salinas C. ADHD and ODD Symptoms in Toddlers: Common and Specific Associations with Temperament Dimensions. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:310-320. [PMID: 31624999 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the relationship between temperament and signs of psychopathology in typically developing toddlers. More specifically, Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms were analyzed in connection with fine-grained temperament dimensions. The sample was composed of 65 toddlers aged between 18 and 35 months. Bivariate correlations showed that higher levels of negative emotionality and approach tendencies, and lower levels of inhibitory control, were related to more ADHD and ODD manifestations. Bivariate correlations also indicated unique associations: lower levels of soothability were associated with higher ODD symptoms, whereas lower attentional focusing and low-intensity pleasure were related with higher ADHD symptoms. Additionally, regression and path analysis models indicated that ADHD was predominantly associated with attentional focusing and motor activation whereas ODD was most closely related to frustration. Our findings highlight the relevance of studying early correlates of psychopathological manifestations to identify children who could benefit from prevention and early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | - Maria A Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Carmen González-Salinas
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Kostyrka-Allchorne K, Wass SV, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Research Review: Do parent ratings of infant negative emotionality and self-regulation predict psychopathology in childhood and adolescence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:401-416. [PMID: 31696514 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying low-cost and easy to implement measures of infant markers of later psychopathology may improve targeting of early intervention for prevention. Because of their early manifestation, relative stability and overlap with constructs central to affect-based dimensions of child and adolescent psychopathology, negative emotionality and self-regulation have been the focus of this research. We conducted a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the prospective association between infant temperament measured with parent ratings and child/adolescent psychopathology. METHODS A systematic literature search for prospective longitudinal studies, which included measures of questionnaire-assessed infant temperament (negative emotionality, self-regulation, behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion, activity level) and symptoms of child or adolescent mental health (externalising, internalising) and neurodevelopmental problems (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), was conducted. Standardised estimates of association were calculated and pooled in meta-analyses. RESULTS Twenty-five studies (n = 28,425) met inclusion criteria. Small associations were seen between psychopathology aggregated across all domains and infant negative emotionality (r = .15; p < .001) and self-regulation (r = -.19; p = .007). Effects were also significant but weaker for behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .027) and activity level (r = .08; p = .016). Surgency/extraversion was not significantly associated with psychopathology in general (r = -.04; p = .094); however, it was negatively associated with ASD (r = -.10, p = .015). Significant correlations were observed with some outcomes isomorphic with predictors, internalising problems and behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .013), ADHD symptoms and activity level (r = .19; p = .009). CONCLUSION Questionnaire-based assessments of infant negative emotionality may have transdiagnostic potential to contribute to a risk index of later childhood psychopathology. Behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion and activity ratings may provide more specific predictive power. More data from prospective studies are required before the potential of self-regulation and surgency/extraversion can be properly gauged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kostyrka-Allchorne
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam V Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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83
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Finik J, Buthmann J, Zhang W, Go K, Nomura Y. Placental Gene Expression and Offspring Temperament Trajectories: Predicting Negative Affect in Early Childhood. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:783-795. [PMID: 32185610 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to prenatal stress increases offspring risk for long-term neurobehavioral impairments and psychopathology, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid pathway genes may be a potential underlying mechanism by which maternal conditions 'program' the fetal brain for downstream vulnerabilities. The present study aims to investigate whether mRNA expression of glucocorticoid pathway genes in the placenta predict offspring negative affect during early childhood (between 6 and 24 months). Participants include 318 mother-child dyads participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study. Placental mRNA expression of glucocorticoid pathway genes (HSD11B1, HSD11B2, NR3C1, NCOR2) were profiled and negative affect traits of the offspring were measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. HSD11B1 mRNA expression significantly predicted negative affect (β = -.09, SE = .04; p = .036), and Distress to Limitations trajectories (β = -.13, SE = .06; p = .016). NCOR2 mRNA expression significantly predicted Distress to Limitations (β = .43, SE = .21; p = .047), and marginally predicted Sadness trajectories (β = .39, SE = .21; p = .068). HSD11B2 and NR3C1 did not predict trajectories of Negative Affect or subscale scores. Infant negative affect traits were assessed via maternal self-report, and deviated from linearity across follow-up. mRNA expression of glucocorticoid pathway genes in the placenta may be a potentially novel tool for early identification of infants at greater risk for elevated negative affect. Further study is needed to validate the utility of mRNA expression of glucocorticoid pathway genes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Finik
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 55 W 125th St., New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA.
| | - J Buthmann
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - W Zhang
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- New Jersey City University, Department of Psychology, 2039 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Blvd, Jersey City, NJ, 07305, USA
| | - K Go
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Y Nomura
- CUNY Queens College, Department of Psychology, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- CUNY Graduate Center, Department of Psychology, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate Center, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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84
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Underwood JJ, Kirchhoff C, Warwick H, Gartstein MA. Leveraging Python to Process Cross-Cultural Temperament Interviews: A Novel Platform for Text Analysis. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022120906478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During childhood, parents represent the most commonly used source of their child’s temperament information and, typically, do so by responding to questionnaires. Despite their wide-ranging applications, interviews present notorious data reduction challenges, as quantification of narratives has proven to be a labor-intensive process. However, for the purposes of this study, the labor-intensive nature may have conferred distinct advantages. The present study represents a demonstration project aimed at leveraging emerging technologies for this purpose. Specifically, we used Python natural language processing capabilities to analyze semistructured temperament interviews conducted with U.S. and German mothers of toddlers, expecting to identify differences between these two samples in the frequency of words used to describe individual differences, along with some similarities. Two different word lists were used: (a) a set of German personality words and (b) temperament-related words extracted from the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). Analyses using the German trait word demonstrated that mothers from Germany described their toddlers as significantly more “cheerful” and “careful” compared with U.S. caregivers. According to U.S. mothers, their children were more “independent,” “emotional,” and “timid.” For the ECBQ analysis, German mothers described their children as “calm” and “careful” more often than U.S. mothers. U.S. mothers, however, referred to their children as “upset,” “happy,” and “frustrated” more frequently than German caregivers. The Python code developed herein illustrates this software as a viable research tool for cross-cultural investigations.
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85
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Anger in infancy and its implications: History of attachment in mother-child and father-child relationships as a moderator of risk. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 31:1353-1366. [PMID: 30360769 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Growing research has documented distinct developmental sequelae in insecure and secure parent-child relationships, supporting a model of early attachment as moderating future developmental processes rather than, or in addition to, a source of direct effects. We explored maladaptive developmental implications of infants' anger proneness in 102 community families. Anger was assessed in infancy through observations in the Car Seat episode and parents' ratings. Children's security with parents was assessed in the Strange Situation paradigm at 15 months. At preschool age, child negativity (defiance and negative affect) was observed in interactions with the parent, and at early school age, oppositionality was rated by parents and teachers. Security was unrelated to infant anger; however, it moderated associations between infant anger and future maladaptive outcomes, such that highly angry infants embarked on a negative trajectory in insecure, but not in secure, parent-child dyads. For insecure, but not secure, mother-child dyads, infants' mother-rated anger predicted negativity at preschool age. For insecure, but not secure, father-child dyads, infants' anger in the Car Seat predicted father- and teacher-rated oppositional behavior at early school age. Results highlight the developmentally complex nature of the impact of attachment, depending on the relationship with mother versus father, type of measure, and timing of effects.
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86
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Ollas D, Rautakoski P, Nolvi S, Karlsson H, Karlsson L. Temperament is associated with the use of communicative gestures in infancy. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ollas
- Department of LogopedicsAbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Pirkko Rautakoski
- Department of LogopedicsAbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Institute of Medical PsychologyCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of PsychiatryTurku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Child PsychiatryTurku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland
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87
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Hendry A, Johnson MH, Holmboe K. Early Development of Visual Attention: Change, Stability, and Longitudinal Associations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-085114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Visual attention is a basic mechanism of information gathering and environment selection and consequently plays a fundamental role in influencing developmental trajectories. Here, we highlight evidence for predictive associations from early visual attention to emotion regulation, executive function, language and broader cognitive ability, mathematics and literacy skills, and neurodevelopmental conditions. Development of visual attention is also multifaceted and nonlinear. In daily life, core functions such as orienting, selective filtering, and processing of visual inputs are intertwined and influenced by many other cognitive components. Furthermore, the demands of an attention task vary according to the experience, motivation, and cognitive and physical constraints of participants, while the mechanisms underlying performance may change with development. Thus, markers of attention may need to be interpreted differently across development and between populations. We summarize research that has combined multiple measurements and techniques to further our understanding of visual attention development and highlight possibilities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hendry
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom;,
| | - Mark H. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Karla Holmboe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom;,
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88
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89
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Stifter C, Augustine M, Dollar J. The role of positive emotions in child development: A developmental treatment of the broaden and build theory. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1695877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Stifter
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Mairin Augustine
- Department of Psychology, Hamilton College, Clinton, United States
| | - Jessica Dollar
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA
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90
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Braungart-Rieker JM, Planalp EM, Ekas NV, Lickenbrock DM, Zentall SR. Toddler affect with mothers and fathers: the importance of infant attachment. Attach Hum Dev 2019; 22:668-686. [PMID: 31631773 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2019.1681012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the degree to which toddlers' affect at 20 months during the Parent Ignore Toddler Situation (PITS), a modified still-face paradigm, with mothers and fathers was predicted by attachment (12 and 14 months), temperamental negative reactivity (3, 5, 7, 12, and 14 months), and attachment X negative reactivity during infancy. Parents (N = 135) were predominantly Caucasian (90.3% of mothers and 87.4% of fathers). Results from multi-level models, controlling for baseline affect and current parent sensitivity, indicated several effects involving attachment, but not temperament. An Episode X Avoidant attachment interaction indicated that toddlers who were classified as avoidant with either parent during infancy showed a flattened pattern of positive affect across the PITS episodes compared with those classified as secure. In contrast, a Parent X Ambivalent attachment interaction indicated that toddler negative affect was higher when they had an ambivalent attachment with mothers but not fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi V Ekas
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Diane M Lickenbrock
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Shannon R Zentall
- Department of Child and Family Studies, The University of Akron , Akron, OH, USA
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91
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Wall CA, Hogan AL, Will EA, McQuillin S, Kelleher BL, Roberts JE. Early negative affect in males and females with fragile X syndrome: implications for anxiety and autism. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:22. [PMID: 31519170 PMCID: PMC6744625 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder that is highly comorbid with anxiety and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated negative affect in young children has been associated with increased risk for both anxiety and ASD; however, these relations remain poorly understood in FXS. Methods The present prospective longitudinal study examined the trajectory of negative affect from infancy through preschool in males and females with FXS and typical development and its relation to anxiety and ASD. Results Results indicate a complex association reflecting group, developmental, and sex effects. Specifically, the group with FXS displayed a trajectory of increasing negative affect across age that was distinct from the typical controls. This atypical trajectory of negative affect in FXS was driven by sex effects in that males showed lower negative affect during infancy followed by steep increases across the toddler and preschool years whereas the females displayed a flatter trajectory. Finally, elevated negative affect predicted anxiety symptoms in males, but not females, with no relationship to ASD in males or females with FXS. Conclusions The current work addresses the importance of studying the development of psychopathology in a specific neurogenetic population. Temperamental negative affect was shown to be an important early marker for anxiety in young children with FXS, with subtle differences observed between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Wall
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Barnwell College, Suite #220, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Abigail L Hogan
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Barnwell College, Suite #220, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Will
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Barnwell College, Suite #220, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Samuel McQuillin
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Barnwell College, Suite #220, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Bridgette L Kelleher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2081, USA
| | - Jane E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Barnwell College, Suite #220, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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92
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Devine RT, Ribner A, Hughes C. Measuring and Predicting Individual Differences in Executive Functions at 14 Months: A Longitudinal Study. Child Dev 2019; 90:e618-e636. [PMID: 30663776 PMCID: PMC6849706 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study of 195 (108 boys) children seen twice during infancy (Time 1: 4.12 months; Time 2: 14.42 months) aimed to investigate the associations between and infant predictors of executive function (EF) at 14 months. Infants showed high levels of compliance with the EF tasks at 14 months. There was little evidence of cohesion among EF tasks but simple response inhibition was related to performance on two other EF tasks. Infant attention (but not parent-rated temperament) at 4 months predicted performance on two of the four EF tasks at 14 months. Results suggest that EF skills build on simpler component skills such as attention and response inhibition.
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93
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Shephard E, Bedford R, Milosavljevic B, Gliga T, Jones EJ, Pickles A, Johnson MH, Charman T. Early developmental pathways to childhood symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and autism spectrum disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:963-974. [PMID: 29963709 PMCID: PMC6694009 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have co-occurring symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or anxiety. It is unclear whether these disorders arise from shared or distinct developmental pathways. We explored this question by testing the specificity of early-life (infant and toddler) predictors of mid-childhood ADHD and anxiety symptoms compared to ASD symptoms. METHODS Infants (n = 104) at high and low familial risk for ASD took part in research assessments at 7, 14, 24 and 38 months, and 7 years of age. Symptoms of ASD, ADHD and anxiety were measured by parent report at age 7. Activity levels and inhibitory control, also measured by parent report, in infancy and toddlerhood were used as early-life predictors of ADHD symptoms. Fearfulness and shyness measured in infancy and toddlerhood were used as early-life predictors of anxiety symptoms. Correlations and path analysis models tested associations between early-life predictors and mid-childhood ADHD and anxiety symptoms compared to mid-childhood ASD symptoms, and the influence of controlling for ASD symptoms on those associations. RESULTS Increased activity levels and poor inhibitory control were correlated with ADHD symptoms and not ASD or anxiety; these associations were unchanged in path models controlling for risk-group and ASD symptoms. Increased fearfulness and shyness were correlated with anxiety symptoms, but also ASD symptoms. When controlling for risk-group in path analysis, the association between shyness and anxiety became nonsignificant, and when further controlling for ASD symptoms the association between fearfulness and anxiety became marginal. CONCLUSIONS The specificity of early-life predictors to ADHD symptoms suggests early developmental pathways to ADHD might be distinct from ASD. The overlap in early-life predictors of anxiety and ASD suggests that these disorders are difficult to differentiate early in life, which could reflect the presence of common developmental pathways or convergence in early behavioural manifestations of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rachael Bedford
- Biostatistics DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bosiljka Milosavljevic
- Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Teodora Gliga
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentBirkbeck, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Emily J.H. Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentBirkbeck, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Biostatistics DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mark H. Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentBirkbeck, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of PsychologyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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94
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Frick MA, Bohlin G, Hedqvist M, Brocki KC. Temperament and Cognitive Regulation During the First 3 Years of Life as Predictors of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity at 6 Years. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1291-1302. [PMID: 30296881 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718804342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: With a wish to identify early markers of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, we examined effects of temperament and cognitive regulation, during the first 3 years of life, on later inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior. Method: Temperament and cognitive regulation were assessed at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months in 66 typically developing children. Teachers rated inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity at 6 years. Results: Temperamental activity at all studied time points was predictive of later hyperactive/impulsive behavior, thus appearing as a stable marker thereof. Activity at 12 months was also predictive of inattention, whereas temperamental persistence was correlated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, but with no independent contributions. No significant relations between cognitive regulation and the outcome measures were found. Conclusion: Our findings add to the scarce literature proposing that markers of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior in early school age can be found within the first years of life, using parental ratings of child temperament.
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Abstract
A growing body of research explores the ways in which regulatory skills are important contributors to school readiness, school success, and other positive developmental outcomes in childhood and throughout the lifespan. Research and theory suggest that children with strong regulatory skills may be better equipped to manage the complex academic, social, and emotional demands of early learning and school environments; and alternatively, deficits in regulatory skills can lead to problems in school adjustment, academic outcomes, and other measures of well-being. In this paper, we bring together two regulation-related research traditions: executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC). We highlight the common features of EF and EC and their key differences. Building on findings from these two research traditions, we propose an integrated model of regulation for school-based interventions and other applied settings that can serve as an organizing framework for a broad set of skills across the cognitive, social, and emotion domains that are critical to school success. Using a developmental psychopathology framework, we illustrate how an integrated model of regulation can inform more nuanced and targeted approaches to research, policy, and intervention for both special and universal populations. We end the paper with a set of recommendations for the next decade of developmental and prevention research focused on self-regulation.
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96
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Bedford R, Gliga T, Hendry A, Jones EJH, Pasco G, Charman T, Johnson MH, Pickles A. Infant regulatory function acts as a protective factor for later traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder but not callous unemotional traits. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:14. [PMID: 31351456 PMCID: PMC6660706 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced executive functions (EF) are commonly associated with developmental conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, ASD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), although EF seems to be typical in children with callous unemotional (CU) traits. Regulatory function (RF) is a proposed infant precursor that maps on onto factors driving later EF. Here, we first test whether RF is specifically and negatively associated with ASD and ADHD traits, but not CU traits. Second, we test whether RF can act as a protective factor, by moderating the association between infant markers and subsequent ASD and ADHD traits. Methods Participants were 79 infants at high (N = 42) and low (N = 37) familial risk for ASD. Data come from the 14-month infant visit (Autism Observational Scale for Infants; AOSI; activity level and RF from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire; IBQ) and the 7-year visit (ASD traits: Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS; ADHD traits: Conners 3, CU traits: Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits). Results Infant RF was negatively associated with later traits of ASD (B = − 0.5, p = 0.01) and ADHD inattention (B = − 0.24, p = 0.02) but not hyperactivity (B = − 0.25, p = 0.10) or CU traits (B = 0.02, p = 0.86). RF moderated the association between infant AOSI score and ASD traits, with a significant effect in those with low RF (B = 0.10, p = 0.006), not high RF (B = 0.01, p = 0.78). Similarly, for ADHD, infant activity level was associated with later ADHD inattention in those with low (B = 0.17, p = 0.04) but not high RF (B = 0.07, p = 0.48). For ADHD hyperactivity symptoms, activity level was predictive at both high and low levels of RF. Conclusions Strong RF may allow children to compensate for other atypicalities, thus attenuating the association between infant markers and later disorder traits. Whilst infant RF was associated with both ASD and ADHD inattention traits, there was no association with ADHD hyperactivity or CU traits. This suggests that any protective effect may not be universal and emphasises the need for a better understanding of the underlying moderating mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11689-019-9274-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Bedford
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Teodora Gliga
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Hendry
- Experimental Psychology Department, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg Pasco
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tony Charman
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.,Psychology Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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97
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Planalp EM, Goldsmith HH. Observed Profiles of Infant Temperament: Stability, Heritability, and Associations With Parenting. Child Dev 2019; 91:e563-e580. [PMID: 31273766 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Profiles of infant temperament were derived from 990 infants at 6 and 12 months of age using observed measures from the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires measuring parent affect and stress. Four profiles emerged at each age (typical, low negative, withdrawn/inhibited, and positive/active or low reactive) using latent profile analysis. Temperament profiles show some evidence of stability and heritability, particularly for the withdrawn/inhibited group. In addition, profiles relate to parent affect and stress in different ways for mothers and fathers. Results highlight the utility of a person-centered approach to temperamental research and are discussed in relation to developmental patterns of infant temperament.
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98
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Gartstein MA. Frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry reactivity: Exploring changes from baseline to still face procedure response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025419850899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry has been widely studied across the lifespan, with multiple studies conducted in infancy. However, few have investigated frontal EEG asymmetry in the context of emotional-eliciting tasks, controlling for baseline to focus on an experimental episode response. The present study was designed to address this gap in research, predicting frontal EEG asymmetry response in the context of the Still Face procedure (SFP), examining mother–infant interaction quality and infant temperament attributes as potential contributors. Moderation by infant temperament was also considered. Results indicated that intensity and tone of parent–child interactions as well as Surgency/Positive Affectivity (and component scales of Approach and Activity Level) predicted frontal EEG asymmetry during SFP, controlling for baseline. Importantly, moderation was noted for Surgency/Positive Affectivity and its Approach component, reflected in significant interaction terms and follow-up simple slope tests. That is, the effect of intensity in mother–infant interactions was qualified by child overall surgency, and approach more specifically – infants demonstrating higher levels of Surgency/Positive Affectivity and Approach in particular were protected from the right frontal EEG response to SFP noted in the context of intense concurrent exchanges with mothers.
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99
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Thomas E, Buss C, Rasmussen JM, Entringer S, Ramirez JSB, Marr M, Rudolph MD, Gilmore JH, Styner M, Wadhwa PD, Fair DA, Graham AM. Newborn amygdala connectivity and early emerging fear. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 37:100604. [PMID: 30581123 PMCID: PMC6538430 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectivity between the amygdala, insula (Amygdala-aI) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (Amygdala-vmPFC) have been implicated in individual variability in fear and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. However, it is currently unknown to what extent connectivity between these regions in the newborn period is relevant for the development of fear and other aspects of negative emotionality (NE), such as sadness. Here, we investigate newborn Am-Ins and Am-vmPFC resting state functional connectivity in relation to developmental trajectories of fear and sadness over the first two years of life using data from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised (IBQ-R) and Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) (N=62). Stronger newborn amygdala connectivity predicts higher fear and sadness at 6-months-of-age and less change from 6 to 24-months-of-age. Interestingly, Am-Ins connectivity was specifically relevant for fear and not sadness, while Am-vmPFC was associated only with sadness. Associations remained consistent after considering variation in maternal sensitivity and maternal postnatal depressive symptomology. Already by the time of birth, individual differences in amygdala connectivity are relevant for the expression of fear over the first two-years-of-life. Additionally, specificity is observed, such that connections relevant for fear development are distinct from those predicting sadness trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Thomas
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Julian S B Ramirez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mollie Marr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marc D Rudolph
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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100
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Perone S, Gartstein MA. Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:815-823. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Perone
- Department of Human Development Washington State University Pullman Washington
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