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Harrison IF, Dexter DT. Epigenetic targeting of histone deacetylase: therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease? Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:34-52. [PMID: 23711791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder affecting more than 4million people worldwide. The primary motor symptoms of the disease are due to degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. Dopamine replacement therapies have therefore revolutionised disease management by partially controlling these symptoms. However these drugs can produce debilitating side effects when used long term and do not protect degenerating neurons against death. Recent evidence has highlighted a pathological imbalance in PD between the acetylation and deacetylation of the histone proteins around which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is coiled, in favour of excessive histone deacetylation. This mechanism of adding/removing acetyl groups to histone lysine residues is one of many epigenetic regulatory processes which control the expression of genes, many of which will be essential for neuronal survival. Hence, such epigenetic modifications may have a pathogenic role in PD. It has therefore been hypothesised that if this pathological imbalance can be corrected with the use of histone deacetylase inhibiting agents then neurodegeneration observed in PD can be ameliorated. This article will review the current literature with regard to epigenetic changes in PD and the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in PD: examining the evidence of the neuroprotective effects of numerous HDACIs in cellular and animal models of Parkinsonian cell death. Ultimately answering the question: does epigenetic targeting of histone deacetylases hold therapeutic potential in PD?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Harrison
- Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Valproic acid: an anticonvulsant drug with potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:575-87. [PMID: 23584602 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VA) is a major antiepileptic drug, used for several therapeutic indications. It has a wide activity spectrum, reflecting on mechanisms of action that are not fully understood. The objectives of this work were to study the effects of VA on acute models of nociception and inflammation in rodents. VA (0.5, 1, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) effects were evaluated on the carrageenan-induced paw edema, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, and plantar tests in rats, as well as by the formalin test in mice. The HE staining and immunohistochemistry assay for TNF-α in carrageenan-induced edema, from paws of untreated and VA-treated rats, were also carried out. VA decreased paw edema after carrageenan, and maximum effects were seen with doses equal to or higher than 10 mg/kg. VA also preserved the tissue architecture as assessed by the HE staining. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that VA significantly reduced TNF-α immunostaining in carrageenan-inflamed rat paws. In addition, the anti-inflammatory action of VA was potentiated by pentoxifylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, known to inhibit TNF-α production), but not by sodium butyrate or by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), nonspecific and specific inhibitors, respectively, of histone deacetylase. However, the decrease in the number of positive TNF-α cells in the rat paw was drastically potentiated in the VA + SAHA associated group. VA also reduced leukocytes and myeloperoxidase (MPO) releases to the peritoneal exudate, in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Although in the formalin test, VA inhibited both phases, the inhibition was mainly on the second phase. Furthermore, VA significantly increased the reaction time to thermal stimuli, as assessed by the plantar test. VA is a multi-target drug, presenting potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties at a lower dose range. These effects are partly dependent upon its inhibitory action on TNF-α-related pathways. However, the participation of the HDAC inhibition with the VA anti-inflammatory action cannot be ruled out. Inflammatory processes are associated with free radical damage and oxidative stress, and their blockade by VA could also explain the present results.
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Pandey M, Kaur P, Shukla S, Abbas A, Fu P, Gupta S. Plant flavone apigenin inhibits HDAC and remodels chromatin to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo study. Mol Carcinog 2012; 51:952-62. [PMID: 22006862 PMCID: PMC4019962 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin (4',5,7,-trihydroxyflavone), an anticancer agent, selectively toxic to cancer cells induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Our studies indicate that apigenin-mediated growth inhibitory responses are due to inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in prostate cancer cells. Treatment of PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells with apigenin (20-40 µM) resulted in the inhibition of HDAC enzyme activity, specifically HDAC1 and HDAC3 at the protein and message level. Apigenin-mediated HDAC inhibition resulted in global histone H3 and H4 acetylation, as well as localized hyperacetylation of histone H3 on the p21/waf1 promoter. A corresponding increase was observed in p21/waf1 and bax protein and mRNA expression after apigenin exposure, consistent with the use of HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A. The downstream events demonstrated cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in both cancer cells. Studies of PC-3 xenografts in athymic nude mice further demonstrated that oral intake of apigenin at doses of 20 and 50 µg/mouse/d over an 8-wk period resulted in a marked reduction in tumor growth, HDAC activity, and HDAC1 and HDAC3 protein expression at both doses of apigenin. An increase in p21/waf1 expression was observed in apigenin-fed mice, compared to the control group. Furthermore, apigenin intake caused a significant decrease in bcl2 expression with concomitant increase in bax, shifting the bax/bcl2 ratio in favor of apoptosis. Our findings confirm for the first time that apigenin inhibits class I HDACs, particularly HDAC1 and HDAC3 and its exposure results in reversal of aberrant epigenetic events that promote malignancy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Pandey
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ata Abbas
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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The DNA demethylating agent decitabine activates the TRAIL pathway and induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:114-20. [PMID: 23046813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although epigenetic drugs have been approved for use in selected malignancies, there is significant need for a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Here, we study the action of a clinically approved DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor - decitabine (DAC) - in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. At low doses, DAC treatment induced apoptosis of NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) cells, which was associated with the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Expression studies of the members of the Death Receptor family demonstrated that DAC induces the expression of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Upregulation of TRAIL, upon DAC treatment, was associated with specific epigenetic modifications induced by DAC in the proximity of the TRAIL promoter, as demonstrated by DNA demethylation, increased DNaseI sensitivity and histone acetylation of a non-CpG island, CpG-rich region located 2kb upstream to the transcription start site. Luciferase assay experiments showed that this region behave as a DNA methylation sensitive transcriptional regulatory element. The CpG regulatory element was also found methylated in samples derived from APL patients. These findings have been confirmed in the non-APL, AML Kasumi cell line, suggesting that this regulatory mechanism may be extended to other AMLs. Our study suggests that DNA methylation is a regulatory mechanism relevant for silencing of the TRAIL apoptotic pathway in leukemic cells, and further elucidates the mechanism by which epigenetic drugs mediate their anti-leukemic effects.
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Synthetically Accessible Non-Secosteroidal Hybrid Molecules Combining Vitamin D Receptor Agonism and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:963-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soleymani Fard S, Jeddi Tehrani M, Ardekani AM. Prostaglandin E2 induces growth inhibition, apoptosis and differentiation in T and B cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM and Nalm-6). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 87:17-24. [PMID: 22749740 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of ALL, in most patients long-term survival rates remain unsatisfactory. The objective of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in two different ALL cell lines (CCRF-CEM (T-ALL) and Nalm-6 (B-ALL)). The anti-leukemic effects of PGE2 were also compared with two epigenetic compounds (trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine). MTT assay was used to assess growth inhibition by anti-cancer drugs in these cells. All three compounds were shown to induce apoptosis in both ALL cell lines using flow cytometry and Western blotting. To evaluate the differentiation induction by these agents, the expressions of CD19 and CD38 markers on Nalm-6 cell line and CD7 marker on CCRF-CEM cell line were assayed. Surprisingly, the flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase in CD markers expression in response to PGE2 treatments. We, for the first time, provide evidences that PGE2 has anti-leukemic effects and induces differentiation at micromolar ranges in both T- and B-cell derived ALL cell lines. Since T-ALL cells are insensitive to current chemotherapies, these findings may help the designing of new protocols for T-ALL differentiation therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Soleymani Fard
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Balmer NV, Weng MK, Zimmer B, Ivanova VN, Chambers SM, Nikolaeva E, Jagtap S, Sachinidis A, Hescheler J, Waldmann T, Leist M. Epigenetic changes and disturbed neural development in a human embryonic stem cell-based model relating to the fetal valproate syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4104-14. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Insights from comprehensive multiple receptor docking to HDAC8. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3927-39. [PMID: 22431224 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the available crystal structures of HDAC8 and of the influence of different receptor structures and docking protocols is presented. The study shows that the open conformation of HDAC8 may be preferred by ligands with flexible surface binding groups, as such a conformation allows the ligands to minimize their exposure to solvent upon binding. This observation allowed us to rationalize the excellent potency of pyrazole-based inhibitors compared to that of isoxazole-based inhibitors.
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Molfese DL. Advancing neuroscience through epigenetics: molecular mechanisms of learning and memory. Dev Neuropsychol 2012; 36:810-27. [PMID: 21978007 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2011.606395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans share 96% of our 30,000 genes with Chimpanzees. The 1,200 genes that differ appear at first glance insufficient to describe what makes us human and them apes. However, we are now discovering that the mechanisms that regulate how genes are expressed tell a much richer story than our DNA alone. Sections of our DNA are constantly being turned on or off, marked for easy access, or secluded and hidden away, all in response to ongoing cellular activity. In the brain, neurons encode information-in effect memories-at the cellular level. Yet while memories may last a lifetime, neurons are dynamic structures. Every protein in the synapse undergoes some form of turnover, some with half-lives of only hours. How can a memory persist beyond the lifetimes of its constitutive molecular building blocks? Epigenetics-changes in gene expression that do not alter the underlying DNA sequence-may be the answer. In this article, epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and acetylation or methylation of the histone proteins that package DNA are described in the context of animal learning. Through the interaction of these modifications a "histone code" is emerging wherein individual memories leave unique memory traces at the molecular level with distinct time courses. A better understanding of these mechanisms has implications for treatment of memory disorders caused by normal aging or diseases including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, depression, and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Molfese
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5022, USA.
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60
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Thangapandian S, John S, Lee KW. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study Explaining Inhibitor Selectivity in Different Class of Histone Deacetylases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 29:677-98. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.10507409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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61
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors restore cell surface expression of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor and enhance CMV promoter activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate Cancer 2012; 2012:137163. [PMID: 22288017 PMCID: PMC3263646 DOI: 10.1155/2012/137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral gene therapy using the death receptor ligand TRAIL as the therapeutic transgene can be safely administered via intraprostatic injection but has not been evaluated for efficacy in patients. Here we investigated the efficacy of adenoviral TRAIL gene therapy in a model of castration resistant prostate cancer and found that intratumoral injections can significantly delay tumor growth but cannot eliminate established lesions. We hypothesized that an underlying cause is inefficient adenoviral delivery. Using the LNCaP progression model of prostate cancer we show that surface CAR expression decreases with increasing tumorigenicity and that castration resistant C4-2b cells were more difficult to transduce with adenovirus than castration sensitive LNCaP cells. Many genes, including CAR, are epigenetically silenced during transformation but a new class of chemotherapeutic agents, known as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), can reverse this process. We demonstrate that HDACi restore CAR expression and infectivity in C4-2b cells and enhance caspase activation in response to infection with a TRAIL adenovirus. We also show that in cells with high surface CAR expression, HDACi further enhance transgene expression from the CMV promoter. Thus HDACi have multiple beneficial effects, which may enhance not only viral but also non-viral gene therapy of castration resistant prostate cancer.
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Baumann P, Junghanns C, Mandl-Weber S, Strobl S, Oduncu F, Schmidmaier R. The pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor CR2408 disrupts cell cycle progression, diminishes proliferation and causes apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Br J Haematol 2011; 156:633-42. [PMID: 22211565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In view of the fact that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for myeloma therapy, we investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor CR2408 on multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro. CR2408 is a direct pan-HDAC inhibitor and inhibits all known 11 HDACs with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50) ) of 12 nmol/l (HDAC 6) to 520 nmol/l (HDAC 8). Correspondingly, CR2408 induces hyperacetylation of histone H4, inhibits cell growth and strongly induces apoptosis (IC(50) =0.1-0.5 μmol/l) in MM cell lines and primary MM cells. CR2408 leads to fragmentation of cells and induces an accumulation in the subG1 phase accompanied with moderately decreased levels of cyclin D1 and cdk4 and strongly decreased levels of cdc25a, pRb and p53. Interruption of the cell cycle is reflected by inhibition of cell proliferation and is accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and p70S6k. Treatment with CR2408 results in increased protein levels of Bim and pJNK and downregulation of Bad and Bcl-xL and activation of Caspases 3, 8 and 9. Furthermore, as HDAC inhibitors have shown synergism with other drugs, these effects were investigated and synergism was observed for combinations of CR2408 with doxorubicin and bortezomib. In conclusion, we have identified potent anti-myeloma activity for this novel HDAC inhibitor that gives further insights into the biological sequelae of HDAC inhibition in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumann
- Abteilung Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Klinik Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der LMU, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 München, Germany.
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Chang J, Varghese DS, Gillam MC, Peyton M, Modi B, Schiltz RL, Girard L, Martinez ED. Differential response of cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and depsipeptide. Br J Cancer 2011; 106:116-25. [PMID: 22158273 PMCID: PMC3251870 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the last decade, several drugs that inhibit class I and/or class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been identified, including trichostatin A, the cyclic depsipeptide FR901228 and the antibiotic apicidin. These compounds have had immediate application in cancer research because of their ability to reactivate aberrantly silenced tumour suppressor genes and/or block tumour cell growth. Although a number of HDAC inhibitors are being evaluated in preclinical cancer models and in clinical trials, little is known about the differences in their specific mechanism of action and about the unique determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to each of these inhibitors. Methods: Using a combination of cell viability assays, HDAC enzyme activity measurements, western blots for histone modifications, microarray gene expression analysis and qRT–PCR, we have characterised differences in trichostatin A vs depsipeptide-induced phenotypes in lung cancer, breast cancer and skin cancer cells and in normal cells and have then expanded these studies to other HDAC inhibitors. Results: Cell viability profiles across panels of lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma cell lines showed distinct sensitivities to the pan-inhibitor TSA compared with the class 1 selective inhibitor depsipeptide. In several instances, the cell lines most sensitive to one inhibitor were most resistant to the other inhibitor, demonstrating these drugs act on at least some non-overlapping cellular targets. These differences were not explained by the HDAC selectivity of these inhibitors alone since apicidin, which is a class 1 selective compound similar to depsipeptide, also showed a unique drug sensitivity profile of its own. TSA had greater specificity for cancer vs normal cells compared with other HDAC inhibitors. In addition, at concentrations that blocked cancer cell viability, TSA effectively inhibited purified recombinant HDACs 1, 2 and 5 and moderately inhibited HDAC8, while depsipeptide did not inhibit the activity of purified HDACs in vitro but did in cellular extracts, suggesting a potentially indirect action of this drug. Although both depsipeptide and TSA increased levels of histone acetylation in cancer cells, only depsipeptide decreased global levels of transcriptionally repressive histone methylation marks. Analysis of gene expression profiles of an isogenic cell line pair that showed discrepant sensitivity to depsipeptide, suggested that resistance to this inhibitor may be mediated by increased expression of multidrug resistance genes triggered by exposure to chemotherapy as was confirmed by verapamil studies. Conclusion: Although generally thought to have similar activities, the HDAC modulators trichostatin A and depsipeptide demonstrated distinct phenotypes in the inhibition of cancer cell viability and of HDAC activity, in their selectivity for cancer vs normal cells, and in their effects on histone modifications. These differences in mode of action may bear on the future therapeutic and research application of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA
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Histone deacetylases in neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:835968. [PMID: 21845024 PMCID: PMC3154389 DOI: 10.1155/2011/835968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have provided great hope for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation remain to be unveiled. Epigenetic regulators, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), have been shown to coordinate with cell-intrinsic transcription factors and various signaling pathways to regulate stem cell pluripotency, self-renewal, and fate determination. This paper focuses on the role of HDACs in the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and the application of HDAC inhibitors in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It promises to be an active area of future research.
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65
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Bush ML, Oblinger J, Brendel V, Santarelli G, Huang J, Akhmametyeva EM, Burns SS, Wheeler J, Davis J, Yates CW, Chaudhury AR, Kulp S, Chen CS, Chang LS, Welling DB, Jacob A. AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, as a potential therapy for vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:983-99. [PMID: 21778190 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disease that results in the formation of bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and multiple meningiomas. Treatment options for NF2-associated tumors are limited, and to date, no medical therapies are FDA approved. The ideal chemotherapeutic agent would inhibit both VS and meningiomas simultaneously. The objectives of this study are (1) to test the efficacy of AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, to inhibit VS and meningioma growth and (2) to investigate this drug's mechanisms of action. Primary cultures of human VS and meningioma cells were established. Nf2-deficient mouse schwannoma and benign human meningioma Ben-Men-1 cells were also cultured. Cells were treated with AR42, and the drug's effects on proliferation and the cell cycle were analyzed using a methanethiosulfonate assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Human phospho-kinase arrays and Western blots were used to evaluate the effects of AR42 on intracellular signaling. The in vivo efficacy of AR42 was investigated using schwannoma xenografts. Tumor volumes were quantified using high-field, volumetric MRI, and molecular target analysis was performed using immunohistochemistry. AR42 inhibited the growth of primary human VS and Nf2-deficient mouse schwannoma cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 500 nM and 250-350 nM, respectively. AR42 also inhibited primary meningioma cells and the benign meningioma cell line, Ben-Men-1, with IC(50) values of 1.5 µM and 1.0 µM, respectively. AR42 treatment induced cell-cycle arrest at G(2) and apoptosis in both VS and meningioma cells. Also, AR42 exposure decreased phosphorylated Akt in schwannoma and meningioma cells. In vivo treatment with AR42 inhibited the growth of schwannoma xenografts, induced apoptosis, and decreased Akt activation. The potent growth inhibitory activity of AR42 in schwannoma and meningioma cells suggests that AR42 should be further evaluated as a potential treatment for NF2-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Bush
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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66
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Wolstenholme JT, Warner JA, Capparuccini MI, Archer KJ, Shelton KL, Miles MF. Genomic analysis of individual differences in ethanol drinking: evidence for non-genetic factors in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21100. [PMID: 21698166 PMCID: PMC3116881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic analysis of factors affecting risk to develop excessive ethanol drinking has been extensively studied in humans and animal models for over 20 years. However, little progress has been made in determining molecular mechanisms underlying environmental or non-genetic events contributing to variation in ethanol drinking. Here, we identify persistent and substantial variation in ethanol drinking behavior within an inbred mouse strain and utilize this model to identify gene networks influencing such “non-genetic” variation in ethanol intake. C57BL/6NCrl mice showed persistent inter-individual variation of ethanol intake in a two-bottle choice paradigm over a three-week period, ranging from less than 1 g/kg to over 14 g/kg ethanol in an 18 h interval. Differences in sweet or bitter taste susceptibility or litter effects did not appreciably correlate with ethanol intake variation. Whole genome microarray expression analysis in nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex and ventral midbrain region of individual animals identified gene expression patterns correlated with ethanol intake. Results included several gene networks previously implicated in ethanol behaviors, such as glutamate signaling, BDNF and genes involved in synaptic vesicle function. Additionally, genes functioning in epigenetic chromatin or DNA modifications such as acetylation and/or methylation also had expression patterns correlated with ethanol intake. In verification for the significance of the expression findings, we found that a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, caused an increase in 2-bottle ethanol intake. Our results thus implicate specific brain regional gene networks, including chromatin modification factors, as potentially important mechanisms underlying individual variation in ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jon A. Warner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Capparuccini
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kellie J. Archer
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Keith L. Shelton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Neta G, Brenner AV, Sturgis EM, Pfeiffer RM, Hutchinson AA, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Yeager M, Xu L, Wheeler W, Abend M, Ron E, Tucker MA, Chanock SJ, Sigurdson AJ. Common genetic variants related to genomic integrity and risk of papillary thyroid cancer. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1231-7. [PMID: 21642358 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, so genes related to maintaining genomic integrity may influence papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) risk. Candidate gene studies targeting some of these genes have identified only a few polymorphisms associated with risk of PTC. Here, we expanded the scope of previous candidate studies by increasing the number and coverage of genes related to maintenance of genomic integrity. We evaluated 5077 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 340 candidate gene regions hypothesized to be involved in DNA repair, epigenetics, tumor suppression, apoptosis, telomere function and cell cycle control and signaling pathways in a case-control study of 344 PTC cases and 452 matched controls. We estimated odds ratios for associations of single SNPs with PTC risk and combined P values for SNPs in the same gene region or pathway to obtain gene region-specific or pathway-specific P values using adaptive rank-truncated product methods. Nine SNPs had P values <0.0005, three of which were in HDAC4 and were inversely related to PTC risk. After multiple comparisons adjustment, no SNPs remained associated with PTC risk. Seven gene regions were associated with PTC risk at P < 0.01, including HUS1, ALKBH3, HDAC4, BAK1, FAF1_CDKN2C, DACT3 and FZD6. Our results suggest a possible role of genes involved in maintenance of genomic integrity in relation to risk of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila Neta
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852-7244, USA.
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68
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Ha EM. The Impact of Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Diseases: Implication for Therapeutic Potential. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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69
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Hewitt DB, Bergeson SE. Targeting Alcohol-Induced Epigenetic Changes: A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach for Alcoholism Treatment. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2011.557982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Brock Hewitt
- a School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Susan E. Bergeson
- b Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock, Texas, USA
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70
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Pucci S, Mazzarelli P. MicroRNA Dysregulation in Colon Cancer Microenvironment Interactions: The Importance of Small Things in Metastases. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2011; 4:155-62. [PMID: 21909877 PMCID: PMC3170419 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the microenvironment through the various steps of cancer progression is signed by different cytokines and growth factors, that could directly affect cell proliferation and survival, either in cancer and stromal cells. In colon cancer progression, the cooperation between hypoxia, IL-6 and VEGF-A165 could regulate the DNA repair capacity of the cell, whose impairment is the first step of colon cancer development. This cooperation redirects the activity of proteins involved in the metabolic shift and cell death, affecting the cell fate. The pathways triggered by micro environmental factors could modulate cancer-related gene transcription, affecting also small non coding mRNA, microRNAs. MicroRNAs have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, directly involved in human cancers. The present review will focus first on the intertwined connection between cancer microenvironment and aberrant expression of microRNAs which contribute to carcinogenesis. In particular, the epigenetic mechanisms triggered by tissue microenvironment will be discussed, in view of the recent identification of miRNAs able to directly or indirectly modulate the epigenetic machinery (epi-miRNAs) and that are involved in the epithelial to mesenchimal transition and metastases development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pucci
- Department of Biopathology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy,
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71
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Imesch P, Samartzis EP, Schneider M, Fink D, Fedier A. Inhibition of transcription, expression, and secretion of the vascular epithelial growth factor in human epithelial endometriotic cells by romidepsin. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:1579-83. [PMID: 21295294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor romidepsin down-regulates VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) gene expression and abrogates VEGF protein secretion in human epithelial endometriotic cells. DESIGN In vitro study with human immortalized epithelial endometriotic cells. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to evaluate VEGF gene expression, immunoblot analysis to evaluate protein expression, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate VEGF protein secretion into the culture medium. RESULT(S) Treatment of 11z human endometriotic cells with romidepsin statistically significantly inhibited VEGF gene transcription and down-regulated VEGF protein expression. Moreover, romidepsin abrogated the secretion of VEGF protein into the culture medium. Romidepsin also reduced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is implicated in the transcription of the VEGF gene, in cobalt chloride-pretreated (to mimic hypoxic conditions) 11z cultures. CONCLUSION(S) Romidepsin targets VEGF at the transcriptional level, which subsequently leads to the reduction of secreted VEGF (the "active" form of VEGF). Therefore, romidepsin may be a potential therapeutic candidate against angiogenesis in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Imesch
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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72
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Design and synthesis of aryl ether and sulfone hydroxamic acids as potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:324-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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73
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Moreno-Bost A, Szmania S, Stone K, Garg T, Hoerring A, Szymonifka J, Shaughnessy J, Barlogie B, Prentice HG, van Rhee F. Epigenetic modulation of MAGE-A3 antigen expression in multiple myeloma following treatment with the demethylation agent 5-azacitidine and the histone deacetlyase inhibitor MGCD0103. Cytotherapy 2010; 13:618-28. [PMID: 21171821 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.529893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Immunotherapy targeting MAGE-A3 in multiple myeloma (MM) could eradicate highly aggressive and proliferative clonal cell populations responsible for relapse. However, expression of many cancer-testis antigens, including MAGE-A3, can be heterogeneous, leading to the potential for tumor escape despite MAGE-A3-induced immunity. We hypothesized that a combination of the hypomethylating agent 5-azacitidine (5AC) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) MGCD0103 (MGC) could induce MAGE-A3 expression in MAGE-A3-negative MM, resulting in recognition and killing of MM cells by MAGE-A3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). METHODS Gene expression analyses of MAGE-A3 expression in primary MM patient samples at diagnosis and relapse were completed to identify populations that would benefit from MAGE-A3 immunotherapy. MM cell lines were treated with 5AC and MGC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were performed to assess MAGE-A3 RNA and protein levels, respectively. Chromium-release assays and interferon (IFN) secretion assays were employed to ascertain MAGE-A3 CTL specificity against treated targets. RESULTS Gene expression analysis revealed that MAGE-A3 is expressed in MM patients at diagnosis (25%) and at relapse (49%). We observed de novo expression of MAGE-A3 RNA and protein in MAGE-A3-negative cell lines treated with 5AC. MGC treatment alone did not induce expression but sequential 5AC/MGC treatment led to enhanced expression and augmented recognition by MAGE-A3-specific CTL, as assessed by (51)Cr-release assays (P = 0.047) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IFN-γ secretion (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS MAGE-A3 is an attractive target for immunotherapy of MM and epigenetic modulation by 5AC, and MGC can induce MAGE-A3 expression and facilitate killing by MAGE-A3-specific CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amberly Moreno-Bost
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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74
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Zhang S, Suvannasankha A, Crean CD, White VL, Chen CS, Farag SS. The novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, AR-42, inhibits gp130/Stat3 pathway and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in multiple myeloma cells. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:204-13. [PMID: 20824695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with current therapy, indicating the need for continued development of novel therapeutic agents. We evaluated the activity of a novel phenylbutyrate-derived histone deacetylase inhibitor, AR-42, in primary human myeloma cells and cell lines. AR-42 was cytotoxic to MM cells at a mean LC(50) of 0.18 ± 0.06 μmol/l at 48 hr and induced apoptosis with cleavage of caspases 8, 9 and 3, with cell death largely prevented by caspase inhibition. AR-42 downregulated the expression of gp130 and inhibited activation of STAT3, with minimal effects on the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, indicating a predominant effect on the gp130/STAT-3 pathway. AR-42 also inhibited interleukin (IL)-6-induced STAT3 activation, which could not be overcome by exogenous IL-6. AR-42 also downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated targets, including Bcl-xL and cyclin D1. Overexpression of Bcl-xL by a lentivirus construct partly protected against cell death induced by AR-42. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, p16 and p21, were also significantly induced by AR-42, which together with a decrease in cyclin D1, resulted in G(1) and G(2) cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, AR-42 has potent cytotoxicity against MM cells mainly through gp130/STAT-3 pathway. The results provide rationale for clinical investigation of AR-42 in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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75
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Thangapandian S, John S, Sakkiah S, Lee KW. Ligand and structure based pharmacophore modeling to facilitate novel histone deacetylase 8 inhibitor design. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4409-17. [PMID: 20656379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundarapandian Thangapandian
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (EB-NCRC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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76
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Purrucker JC, Mahlknecht U. Targeting the epigenome: effects of epigenetic treatment strategies on genomic stability in healthy human cells. Clin Epigenetics 2010; 1:45-54. [PMID: 22704088 PMCID: PMC3365366 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-010-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic treatment concepts have long been ascribed as being tumour-selective. Over the last decade, it has become evident that epigenetic mechanisms are essential for a wide range of intracellular functions in healthy cells as well. Evaluation of possible side-effects and their underlying mechanisms in healthy human cells is necessary in order to improve not only patient safety, but also to support future drug development. Since epigenetic regulation directly interacts with genomic and chromosomal packaging density, increasing genomic instability may be a result subsequent to drug-induced epigenetic modifications. This review highlights past and current research efforts on the influence of epigenetic modification on genomic stability in healthy human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Purrucker
- Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, José Carreras Center for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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77
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Estiu G, West N, Mazitschek R, Greenberg E, Bradner JE, Wiest O. On the inhibition of histone deacetylase 8. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4103-10. [PMID: 20472442 PMCID: PMC3245874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are key regulators of gene expression and have recently emerged as important therapeutic targets for cancer and a growing number of non-malignant diseases. Many widely studied inhibitors of HDACs such as SAHA are thought to have low selectivity within or between the human HDAC isoform classes. Using an isoform-selective assay, we have shown that a number of the known inhibitors have in fact a low activity against HDAC8. Based on the wealth of structural information available for human HDAC8, we use a combination of docking and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the structural origin of the experimental results. A close relationship is found between the activity and the high surface malleability of HDAC8. These results provide a rationale for the recently described 'linkerless' HDAC8 selective inhibitors and design criteria for HDAC8 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Estiu
- Walther Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 U. S. A
| | - Nathan West
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston MA 02114
| | - Edward Greenberg
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James E. Bradner
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Walther Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670 U. S. A
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78
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Alcarraz-Vizán G, Boren J, Lee WNP, Cascante M. Histone deacetylase inhibition results in a common metabolic profile associated with HT29 differentiation. Metabolomics 2010; 6:229-237. [PMID: 20445757 PMCID: PMC2862949 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-009-0192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cell differentiation is an orderly process that begins with modifications in gene expression. This process is regulated by the acetylation state of histones. Removal of the acetyl groups of histones by specific enzymes (histone deacetylases, HDAC) usually downregulates expression of genes that can cause cells to differentiate, and pharmacological inhibitors of these enzymes have been shown to induce differentiation in several colon cancer cell lines. Butyrate at high (mM) concentration is both a precursor for acetyl-CoA and a known HDAC inhibitor that induces cell differentiation in colon cells. The dual role of butyrate raises the question whether its effects on HT29 cell differentiation are due to butyrate metabolism or to its HDAC inhibitor activity. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we used a tracer-based metabolomics approach to compare the metabolic changes induced by two different types of HDAC inhibitors (butyrate and the non-metabolic agent trichostatin A) and those induced by other acetyl-CoA precursors that do not inhibit HDAC (caprylic and capric acids). [1,2-(13)C(2)]-d-glucose was used as a tracer and its redistribution among metabolic intermediates was measured to estimate the contribution of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the Krebs cycle to the metabolic profile of HT29 cells under the different treatments. The results demonstrate that both HDAC inhibitors (trichostatin A and butyrate) induce a common metabolic profile that is associated with histone deacetylase inhibition and differentiation of HT29 cells whereas the metabolic effects of acetyl-CoA precursors are different from those of butyrate. The experimental findings support the concept of crosstalk between metabolic and cell signalling events, and provide an experimental approach for the rational design of new combined therapies that exploit the potential synergism between metabolic adaptation and cell differentiation processes through modification of HDAC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Alcarraz-Vizán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology (Edifici Nou), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute from University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Boren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology (Edifici Nou), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute from University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Present Address: Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research-UK, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Wai-Nang Paul Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, LA Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street RB1, Torrance, CA 90502 USA
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology (Edifici Nou), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute from University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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79
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Lee CK, Wang S, Huang X, Ryder J, Liu B. HDAC inhibition synergistically enhances alkylator-induced DNA damage responses and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 296:233-40. [PMID: 20447761 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors induce chromatin destabilization. We sought to determine whether HDAC inhibition may amplify alkylator-induced mitotic cell death in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. The combination of SNDX-275, a class I HDAC inhibitor, with melphalan, showed a powerful synergism on growth inhibition with the combination index ranged from 0.27 to 0.75 in MM1.S and RPMI8226 cells. Their combinations as compared with either agent alone promoted much more caspase-dependent apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SNDX-275 had minimal effects on cell cycle progression of MM1.S cells, but clearly increased the percentage of S phase in RPMI8226 cells associated with an upregulation in p21(waf1) and a reduction in cyclin D1 and E2F1. Melphalan alone significantly arrested both MM1.S and RPMI8226 cells at S phase and enhanced expression of p53 and p21(waf1). Furthermore, studies on DNA damage response revealed that phospho-histone H2A.X (gammaH2A.X), a hall marker of DNA double strand break, along with phosphorylated CHK1 (P-CHK1) and CHK2 (P-CHK2) was dramatically induced by SNDX-275 or melphalan. The increase in gammaH2A.X and P-CHK1 was considerably higher on combination than either agent alone. These molecular changes correlated well with the significant increase in mitotic catastrophe. Our data indicate that SNDX-275 synergistically enhances melphalan-induced apoptosis in MM cells via intensification of DNA damage, suggesting that SNDX-275 in combination with melphalan may be a novel therapeutic strategy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Kee Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, USA.
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80
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Synthesis and biological activity of cyclotetrapeptide analogues of the natural HDAC inhibitor FR235222. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3252-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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81
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Wang W, Di X, Torti SV, Torti FM. Ferritin H induction by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:316-24. [PMID: 20385107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Because both iron deficiency and iron excess are deleterious to normal cell function, the intracellular level of iron must be tightly controlled. Ferritin, an iron binding protein, regulates iron balance by storing iron in a bioavailable but nontoxic form. Ferritin protein comprises two subunits: ferritin H, which contains ferroxidase activity, and ferritin L. Here we demonstrate that ferritin H mRNA and protein are induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors), a promising class of anti-cancer drugs, in cultured human cancer cells. Deletion analysis and EMSA assays reveal that the induction of ferritin H occurs at a transcriptional level via Sp1 and NF-Y binding sites near the transcriptional start site of the human ferritin H promoter. Classically, HDAC inhibitors modulate gene expression by increasing histone acetylation. However, ChIP assays demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors induce ferritin H transcription by increasing NF-Y binding to the ferritin H promoter without changes in histone acetylation. These results identify ferritin H as a new target of HDAC inhibitors, and recruitment of NF-Y as a novel mechanism of action of HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
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82
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de Groh ED, Swanhart LM, Cosentino CC, Jackson RL, Dai W, Kitchens CA, Day BW, Smithgall TE, Hukriede NA. Inhibition of histone deacetylase expands the renal progenitor cell population. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:794-802. [PMID: 20378823 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009080851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the first hallmarks of kidney regeneration is the reactivation of genes normally required during organogenesis. Identification of chemicals with the potential to enhance this reactivation could therapeutically promote kidney regeneration. Here, we found that 4-(phenylthio)butanoic acid (PTBA) expanded the expression domains of molecular markers of kidney organogenesis in zebrafish. PTBA exhibits structural and functional similarity to the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors 4-phenylbutanoic acid and trichostatin A; treatment with these HDAC inhibitors also expanded the renal progenitor cell population. Analyses in vitro and in vivo confirmed that PTBA functions as an inhibitor of HDAC activity. Furthermore, PTBA-mediated renal progenitor cell expansion required retinoic acid signaling. In summary, these results support a mechanistic link among renal progenitor cells, HDAC, and the retinoid pathway. Whether PTBA holds promise as a therapeutic agent to promote renal regeneration requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D de Groh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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83
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Aguilera O, Fernández AF, Muñoz A, Fraga MF. Epigenetics and environment: a complex relationship. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:243-51. [PMID: 20378707 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00068.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenomes of higher organisms constantly change over time. Many of these epigenetic changes are necessary to direct normal cellular development and differentiation in the developing organism. However, developmental abnormalities may occur in response to inappropriate epigenetic signaling that occurs secondarily to still poorly understood causes. In addition to genetic and stochastic influences on epigenetic processes, epigenetic variation can arise as a consequence of environmental factors. Here we review the effects of such environmental factors on the epigenomes of higher organisms. We discuss the possible impact of epigenetic changes on physiological and pathophysiological processes, depending in part on whether these changes occur during embryonic development or adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Aguilera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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84
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Hobara T, Uchida S, Otsuki K, Matsubara T, Funato H, Matsuo K, Suetsugi M, Watanabe Y. Altered gene expression of histone deacetylases in mood disorder patients. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:263-70. [PMID: 19767015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling such as changes in histone acetylation has been suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. In the present study, we investigated whether the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) genes are altered in mood disorder patients. We used quantitative real-time PCR to measure the mRNA levels of 11 HDACs (HDAC1-11) in peripheral white blood cells of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients during depressive and remissive episodes and in the first-degree relatives of BPD patients. In addition, we investigated the effect of antidepressants and mood stabilizers on the mRNA levels of HDACs using mice. In MDD, the expression of HDAC2 and -5 mRNA was increased in a depressive state, but not in a remissive state, compared to controls. In BPD, the expression of HDAC4 mRNA was increased only in a depressive state, and the expression of HDAC6 and -8 was decreased in both depressive and remissive states compared to controls, whereas the first-degree relatives did not show any significant alteration in expression levels. Animal study showed that the expression of HDAC2 and -5 or HDAC4, -6 and -8 mRNAs in the mouse leukocytes were not affected by chronic treatment with antidepressants or mood stabilizers. Our data suggest that aberrant transcriptional regulation caused by the altered expression of HDACs is associated with the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Hobara
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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85
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Asano J, Kudo T, Shimizu T, Fan Y, Nanashima N, Yamana D, Miura T, Yamada T, Tsuchida S. Histone acetylation and steroid receptor coactivator expression during clofibrate-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:869-75. [PMID: 20132223 PMCID: PMC11158118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators (PPs), non-genotoxic rodent carcinogens, cause the induction of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system, including bifunctional enzyme (BE) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (TH), in the liver. GST M1 gene is polymorphic in Sprague-Dawley rats, NC- and KS-type. The KS-type rats showed enhanced susceptibility to ethyl-alpha-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate, CF), one of the PPs. The degree of BE induction was higher in the KS-type and preneoplastic foci developed after 6-8 weeks of treatment, whereas no foci developed in the NC-type. In the preset study, factors involved in different BE inducibility were investigated. There were no differences in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha levels between them. Among various coactivators for PPARalpha, only steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 level was higher in the KS-type. To investigate the association between PPARalpha and SRC-3 or other proteins, nuclear extracts from CF-treated livers were applied to a PPARalpha column. In the KS-type, 110, 72, and 42 kDa proteins were bound and these were identified as SRC-3, BE, and TH, respectively. EMSA supported the binding of these proteins to PPARalpha associated to the BE enhancer in CF-treated KS-type, but not in the NC-type. Histone H3 acetylation was increased 11-fold in the KS-type by CF treatment but not in the NC-type. As BE and TH are responsible for acetyl-CoA production and SRC-3 possesses a histone acetyltransferase activity, these results suggest that enhanced BE induction in the KS-type livers is due to acetylation-mediated transcriptional activation and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in CF-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Asano
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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86
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Hodges SJ, Yoo JJ, Mishra N, Atala A. The effect of epigenetic therapy on congenital neurogenic bladders--a pilot study. Urology 2010; 75:868-72. [PMID: 20138341 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate that human smooth muscle cells derived from neurogenic bladders produce more collagen in vitro than smooth muscle cells derived from normal bladders, and that epigenetic therapy may normalize this increased collagen production. METHODS Human smooth muscle cells from normal (n = 3) and neurogenic bladders (n = 3) were cultured in normal culture media and at different concentrations of the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A, valproic acid, and the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-aza). Collagen type I and III gene expression was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction after varying doses of drug exposure. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue. RESULTS The smooth muscle cells from neurogenic bladders released significantly more collagen than the normal bladder cells (mean 4.1 vs 1.8 microg/mL in control media) when grown in normal conditions. Treatment with trichostatin A at 50 ng/mL decreased the collagen level in cells from neurogenic bladders to almost normal levels (2.1 microg/mL). In addition, valproic acid treatment decreased collagen types I and III gene expression relative to controls, with maximal effect at 300 mg/mL. These treatments had little effect on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Histone deacetylase inhibitors decreased collagen production of smooth muscle cells from neurogenic bladders in vitro. These agents may be a means of effectively preventing bladder fibrosis in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve J Hodges
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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87
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Hajji N, Wallenborg K, Vlachos P, Füllgrabe J, Hermanson O, Joseph B. Opposing effects of hMOF and SIRT1 on H4K16 acetylation and the sensitivity to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. Oncogene 2010; 29:2192-204. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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Osada S, Sano S, Ueyama M, Chuman Y, Kodama H, Sakaguchi K. Fluoroalkene modification of mercaptoacetamide-based histone deacetylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:605-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Grayson DR, Kundakovic M, Sharma RP. Is there a future for histone deacetylase inhibitors in the pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders? Mol Pharmacol 2009; 77:126-35. [PMID: 19917878 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become widely recognized that a comprehensive understanding of chromatin biology is necessary to better appreciate its role in a wide range of diseases. The histone code has developed as a new layer of our appreciation of transcription factor-based mechanisms of gene expression. Although epigenetic regulation refers to a host of chromatin modifications that occur at the level of DNA, histones, and histone-associated proteins, how this regulation is orchestrated is still incompletely understood. Of those processes that comprise the epigenetic regulatory machinery, DNA methylation and histone acetylation/deacetylation have been the most thoroughly studied. Compounds that act as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases or histone deacetylases (HDACs) activate a variety of intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately affect the coordinated expression of multiple genes. The altered patterns of mRNA and protein expression collectively converge on pathways linked to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, among others. This has prompted a widespread search for epigenetic inhibitors that could be used as chemotherapeutic agents, and several are undergoing clinical evaluation. More recently, there has been interest in the use of HDAC inhibitors to activate the expression of mRNAs that are down-regulated in various neurological and psychiatric conditions. Considerably less is known regarding the effect these drugs have on postmitotic cells such as neurons. Before we consider the clinical use of additional HDAC inhibitors to treat schizophrenia or unipolar depression, there are a number of key issues that need to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Grayson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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90
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Correlation between MMP-13 and HDAC7 expression in human knee osteoarthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 20:11-7. [PMID: 19784544 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may therapeutically prevent cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis (OA). Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease and in the present study we investigated the correlation between HDACs and MMP-13. Comparing the expression of different HDACs in cartilage from OA patients and healthy donors, HDAC7 showed a significant elevation in cartilage from OA patients. High level of HDAC7 expression in OA cartilage was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of HDAC7 by small interference RNA (siRNA) in SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells strongly suppressed interleukin (IL)-1-dependent and independent induction of MMP-13 gene expression. In conclusion, elevated HDAC7 expression in human OA may contribute to cartilage degradation via promoting MMP-13 gene expression, suggesting the critical role of MMP-13 in OA pathogenesis.
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91
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Abujamra AL, Dos Santos MP, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G, Brunetto AL. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: a new perspective for the treatment of leukemia. Leuk Res 2009; 34:687-95. [PMID: 19762081 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) promote or enhance several different anticancer mechanisms and therefore are in evidence as potential antileukemia agents. Studies on leukemia have provided examples for their functional implications in cancer development and progression, as well as their relevance for therapeutic targeting. A number of HDIs have been tested in clinical trials and have been proven safe with significant clinical activity. The use of HDIs in association with other molecules, such as classical chemotherapeutic drugs and DNA demethylating agents, has been implied as a promising treatment alternative for leukemia patients in the future. Here we describe the histone deacetylase inhibitors that have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. We conclude that further clinical trials involving a broader number of HDIs used either alone or in combination with other agents are needed to consolidate the use of these epigenetic modulators on leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Abujamra
- Children's Cancer Institute and Pediatric Oncology Unit, Cancer Research Laboratory, Academic Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT Program), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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92
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MacDonald JL, Roskams AJ. Epigenetic regulation of nervous system development by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:170-83. [PMID: 19554713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the epigenetic modulation of gene expression have been implicated in several developmental disorders, cancer, and recently, in a variety of mental retardation and complex psychiatric disorders. A great deal of effort is now being focused on why the nervous system may be susceptible to shifts in activity of epigenetic modifiers. The answer may simply be that the mammalian nervous system must first produce the most complex degree of developmental patterning in biology and hardwire cells functionally in place postnatally, while still allowing for significant plasticity in order for the brain to respond to a rapidly changing environment. DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are two major epigenetic modifications that contribute to the stability of gene expression states. Perturbing DNA methylation, or disrupting the downstream response to DNA methylation - methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBDs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) - by genetic or pharmacological means, has revealed a critical requirement for epigenetic regulation in brain development, learning, and mature nervous system stability, and has identified the first distinct gene sets that are epigenetically regulated within the nervous system. Epigenetically modifying chromatin structure in response to different stimuli appears to be an ideal mechanism to generate continuous cellular diversity and coordinate shifts in gene expression at successive stages of brain development - all the way from deciding which kind of a neuron to generate, through to how many synapses a neuron can support. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role for DNA methylation and histone deacetylation in nervous system development and mature function, and present a basis from which to understand how the clinical use of HDAC inhibitors may impact nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L MacDonald
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, Canada
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93
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Non-isotopic dual parameter competition assay suitable for high-throughput screening of histone deacetylases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3651-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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94
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Acquired vorinostat resistance shows partial cross-resistance to ‘second-generation’ HDAC inhibitors and correlates with loss of histone acetylation and apoptosis but not with altered HDAC and HAT activities. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:321-33. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283262a32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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95
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Identification of (1H)-pyrroles as histone deacetylase inhibitors with antitumoral activity. Oncogene 2009; 28:1477-84. [PMID: 19169274 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure, and drugs targeting these enzymes might have an important impact in the treatment of human cancer. Herein, we report the characterization of (1H)-pyrroles as a new subfamily of HDAC inhibitors obtained by computational modeling of class-I human HDACs. From a functional standpoint, (1H)-pyrroles are powerful inductors of acetylation of histones H3 and H4, and restore the expression of growth-inhibitory genes. From a cellular view, these compounds cause a marked decrease in the viability of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, associated with a cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and an inhibition of angiogenesis. Thus, (1H)-pyrroles emerge as a novel group of HDAC inhibitors with promising antitumoral features.
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96
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Nagumo T, Takaoka S, Yoshiba S, Ohashi M, Shirota T, Hatori M, Isobe T, Tachikawa T, Shintani S. Antitumor activity of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:766-70. [PMID: 19157955 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported recently that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can block the growth of a variety of malignant tumor cells by reversing the silencing of the tumor suppressor genes; these will be the anticancer agents of the next generation. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor effects of the HDACI suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and investigated its molecular mechanism. SAHA suppressed the in vitro proliferation of OSCC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analyses showed that treatment with SAHA led to G1 phase cell-cycle arrest of OSCC cells, accompanying a decrease in the percentage of S-phase cells. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the expression of p21 protein was remarkably augmented and hyperacetylation of p53 was induced after SAHA treatment. These results suggest that administration of SAHA suppresses OSCC growth through G1 phase arrest. Additionally, we observed that the growth of xenograft SAS tumors in nude mice was significantly blocked by the administration of SAHA without major adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Nagumo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University, Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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97
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Campoli M, Ferrone S. HLA antigen changes in malignant cells: epigenetic mechanisms and biologic significance. Oncogene 2008; 27:5869-85. [PMID: 18836468 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in classical and nonclassical HLA class I as well as HLA class II antigens have been identified in malignant lesions. These changes, which are described in this review are believed to play a major role in the clinical course of the disease since both HLA class I and class II antigens are critical to the interaction between tumor cells and components of both innate and adaptive immune system. Abnormalities in HLA antigen expression in malignant cells, which range in frequency from 0-90%, are caused by distinct mechanisms. They include defects in beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) synthesis, loss of the gene(s) encoding HLA antigen heavy chain(s), mutations, which inhibit HLA antigen heavy chain transcription or translation, defects in the regulatory mechanisms, which control HLA antigen expression and/or abnormalities in one or more of the antigen processing, machinery (APM) components. More recently, epigenetic events associated with tumor development and progression have been found to underlie changes in HLA antigen, APM component, costimulatory molecule and tumor antigen (TA) expression in malignant cells. The types of epigenetic modifications that may occur in normal and malignant cells as well as their role in changes in HLA antigen expression by malignant cells have been reviewed. The epigenetic events associated with alterations in HLA antigen expression may be clinically relevant as, in some cases, they have been shown to impair the recognition of tumor cells by components of the adaptive immune system. The functional relevance and potential clinical significance of these epigenetic alterations have been addressed. Finally, unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications can, in some cases, be reversed with pharmacologic agents that induce DNA hypomethylation or inhibit histone deacetylation. Therefore, strategies to overcome epigenetic modifications underlying changes in HLA antigen expression in malignant cells have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Campoli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO, USA
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98
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Decreased Acetylation of Histone H3 in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Target of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. J Urol 2008; 180:1131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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99
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Gomez-Paloma L, Bruno I, Cini E, Khochbin S, Rodriquez M, Taddei M, Terracciano S, Sadoul K. Design and synthesis of cyclopeptide analogues of the potent histone deacetylase inhibitor FR235222. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:1511-9. [PMID: 17694590 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various structurally modified analogues of FR235222 (1), a natural tetrapeptide inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylases, were prepared in a convergent approach. The design of the compounds was aimed to investigate the effect of structural modifications of the tetrapeptide core involved in enzyme binding in order to overcome some synthetic difficulties connected with the natural product 1. The modifications introduced could also help identify key structural features involved in the mechanism of action of these compounds. The prepared molecules were subjected to in vitro pharmacological tests, and their potency was tested on cultured cells. Two of the components of the array were found to be more potent than the parent compound 1 and almost as efficient as trichostatin A (TSA). These results demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize highly active cyclic tetrapeptides using commercially available amino acids (with the exception of 2-amino-8-oxodecanoic acid, Ahoda). The nature of the residue in the second position of the cyclic peptide and the stereochemistry of the Ahoda tail are important for the inhibitory activity of this class of cyclic tetrapeptide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gomez-Paloma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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100
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Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of Kendine 91, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in mice plasma and tissues: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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