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Karimi B, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Mehdipour P, Aghaie A. Is Leukocyte Telomere Length Related with Lung Cancer Risk?: A Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:142-53. [PMID: 27874106 PMCID: PMC5392217 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have probed the correlation between telomere length and the risk of lung cancer, but their findings are inconsistent in this regard. The present meta-analysis study has been carried out to demonstrate the association between relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and the risk of lung cancer using an established Q-PCR technique. METHODS A systematic search was carried out using PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI before 2015. A total of 2925 cases of lung cancer and 2931 controls from 9 studies were employed to probe the relationship between lung cancer and telomere length .ORs were used at 95% CI. Random-effects models were used to investigate this relationship based on the heterogeneity test. Heterogeneity among studies was analyzed employing subgroup analysis based on type studies and the year of publication. RESULTS Random-effects meta-analysis revealed that patients with lung cancer were expected to have shorter telomere length than the control (1.13, 95% CI: 0.82-1.81, P=0.46). The summary of the pooled ORs of telomere length in adenocarcinoma lung cancer patients was 1 (95%CI=0.68-1.47, I2=93%) compared to patients with squamous cell lung cancer, which was 1.78 (95% CI=1.25-2.53, I2=3.9%). The meta-regression revealed that the effect of telomere length shortening, decreased and increased with the year of publication and the age of risks to lung cancer, was clearly related to short telomeres lengths. CONCLUSION Lung cancer risks clearly related with short telomeres lengths. In patients with breathing problems, lung cancer risk can be predicted by telomere length adjustment with age, sex, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Tehran, Iran
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar St., Enghelab Sq., Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Masud Yunesian Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Tehran, Iran; Tel. & Fax: (+98-21) 8613686443; E-mail:
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Aghaie
- High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Wan S, Hann HW, Ye Z, Hann RS, Lai Y, Wang C, Li L, Myers RE, Li B, Xing J, Yang H. Prospective and longitudinal evaluations of telomere length of circulating DNA as a risk predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV patients. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:439-446. [PMID: 28334112 PMCID: PMC5963496 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective and longitudinal epidemiological evidence is needed to assess the association between telomere length and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 323 cancer-free Korean-American HBV patients with 1-year exclusion window (followed for >1 year and did not develop HCC within 1 year), we measured the relative telomere length (RTL) in baseline serum DNAs and conducted extensive prospective and longitudinal analyses to assess RTL-HCC relationship. We found that long baseline RTL conferred an increased HCC risk compared to short RTL [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.93, P = 0.0005). The association remained prominent when the analysis was restricted to patients with a more stringent 5-year exclusion window (HR = 7.51, P = 0.012), indicating that the association was unlikely due to including undetected HCC patients in the cohort, thus minimizing the reverse-causation limitation in most retrospective studies. Adding baseline RTL to demographic variables increased the discrimination accuracy of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis from 0.769 to 0.868 (P = 1.0 × 10-5). In a nested longitudinal subcohort of 16 matched cases-control pairs, using a mixed effects model, we observed a trend of increased RTL in cases and decreased RTL in controls along 5 years of follow-up, with a significant interaction of case/control status with time (P for interaction=0.002) and confirmed the association between long RTL and HCC risk [odds ratio [OR] = 3.63, P = 0.016]. In summary, serum DNA RTL may be a novel non-invasive prospective marker of HBV-related HCC. Independent studies are necessary to validate and generalize this finding in diverse populations and assess the clinical applicability of RTL in HCC prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogui Wan
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hie-Won Hann
- Department of Medicine, Liver Disease Prevention Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zhong Ye
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Richard S Hann
- Department of Medicine, Liver Disease Prevention Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yinzhi Lai
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ronald E Myers
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA and
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center, College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hushan Yang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Aviv A, Anderson JJ, Shay JW. Mutations, Cancer and the Telomere Length Paradox. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:253-258. [PMID: 28718437 PMCID: PMC5903276 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with short telomeres should be at increased risk for cancer, since short telomeres lead to genomic instability - a hallmark of cancer. However, individuals with long telomeres also display an increased risk for major cancers, thus creating a cancer-telomere length (TL) paradox. The two-stage clonal expansion model we propose is based on the thesis that a series of mutational hits (1st Hit) at the stem-cell level generates a clone with replicative advantage. A series of additional mutational hits (2nd Hit) transforms the expanding clone into cancer. By proposing that the 1st Hit is largely telomere length-independent, while the 2nd Hit is largely TL-dependent, we resolve the paradox, highlighting a regulatory role of telomeres in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Aviv
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - James J Anderson
- Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences and Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, 75390, USA; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Maciejowski J, de Lange T. Telomeres in cancer: tumour suppression and genome instability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:175-186. [PMID: 28096526 PMCID: PMC5589191 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The shortening of human telomeres has two opposing effects during cancer development. On the one hand, telomere shortening can exert a tumour-suppressive effect through the proliferation arrest induced by activating the kinases ATM and ATR at unprotected chromosome ends. On the other hand, loss of telomere protection can lead to telomere crisis, which is a state of extensive genome instability that can promote cancer progression. Recent data, reviewed here, provide new evidence for the telomere tumour suppressor pathway and has revealed that telomere crisis can induce numerous cancer-relevant changes, including chromothripsis, kataegis and tetraploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maciejowski
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Titia de Lange
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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de-Torres JP, Sanchez-Salcedo P, Bastarrika G, Alcaide AB, Pío R, Pajares MJ, Campo A, Berto J, Montuenga L, del Mar Ocon M, Monente C, Celli BR, Zulueta JJ. Telomere length, COPD and emphysema as risk factors for lung cancer. Eur Respir J 2016; 49:13993003.01521-2016. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01521-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jung KJ, Jeon C, Jee SH. The effect of smoking on lung cancer: ethnic differences and the smoking paradox. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016060. [PMID: 28092929 PMCID: PMC5309724 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review were to determine whether the smoking paradox still exists and to summarize possible explanations for the smoking paradox. Based on published data, we compared the risk of cigarette smoking for lung cancer in Western and Asian countries. We extracted data from the relevant studies about annual tobacco consumption, lung cancer mortality rates according to smoking status from each country, and possible explanations for the smoking paradox. A significantly greater risk of lung cancer death was found among current smokers in Asian countries than among nonsmokers, with relative risks (RRs) of 4.0 to 4.6 for Koreans, 3.7 to 5.1 for Japanese, and 2.4 to 6.5 for Chinese. Although a significantly greater risk of lung cancer was present among current smokers in Asian countries, the RRs in Asian countries were much lower than those reported in Western countries (range, 9.4 to 23.2). Possible explanations for the smoking paradox included epidemiologic characteristics, such as the smoking amount, age at smoking initiation, and the use of filtered or mild tobacco. The smoking paradox definitely exists, but may be explained by major epidemiologic characteristics. Therefore, the smoking paradox should not be interpreted as indicating that tobacco is safer or less harmful for Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Ji Jung
- Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christina Jeon
- Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhou L, Fu G, Wei J, Shi J, Pan W, Ren Y, Xiong X, Xia J, Shen Y, Li H, Yang M. The identification of two regulatory ESCC susceptibility genetic variants in the TERT-CLPTM1L loci. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5495-506. [PMID: 26716642 PMCID: PMC4868701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosome 5p15.33 TERT-CLPTM1L region has been identified by genome-wide association studies as a susceptibility locus of multiple malignancies. However, the involvement of this locus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development is still largely unclear. We fine-mapped the TERT-CLPTM1L region through genotyping 15 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) using a two stage case-control strategy. After analyzing 2098 ESCC patients and frequency-matched 2150 unaffected controls, we found that rs2853691, rs2736100 and rs451360 genetic polymorphisms are significantly associated with ESCC risk in Chinese (all P<0.05). Reporter gene assays indicated that the ESCC susceptibility SNP rs2736100 locating in a potential TERT intronic promoter has a genotype-specific effect on TERT expression. Similarly, the CLPTM1L rs451360 SNP also showed allelic impacts on gene expression. After measuring TERT and CLPTM1L expression in sixty-six pairs of esophageal cancer and normal tissues, we observed that the rs2736100 G risk allele carriers showed elevated oncogene TERT expression. Also, subjects with the rs451360 protective T allele had much lower oncogene CLPTM1L expression than those with G allele in tissue specimens. Results of these analyses underline the complexity of genetic regulation of telomere biology and further support the important role of telomerase in carcinogenesis. Our data also support the involvement of CLPTM1L in ESCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guobin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Association between genetic risk score for telomere length and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1219-28. [PMID: 27581250 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While leukocyte telomere length (TL) has been associated with breast cancer risk, limited information is available regarding the role of genetically-determined TL on breast cancer risk. We investigated whether aggregated TL-associated variants are associated with the risk of breast cancer in 2,865 breast cancer cases and 2,285 controls from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Genetics Study. METHODS Six genetic variants, identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TL in European-ancestry participants, were included in the study. A separate sample [n = 1,536, from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), for whom information on both phenotypical leukocyte TL and genetic information was collected] was used to evaluate the association of six variants with TL in Asians. Three genetic risk scores (GRSs), based on the number of alleles associated with shorter TL that each individual carries for the six variants, were derived for the study: un-weighted, internally weighted (from the SWHS), and externally weighted (from the European-ancestry GWAS study), and evaluated for their association with breast cancer risk by applying logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Both internally and externally weighted GRSs were significantly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (OR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.72-0.95 and OR 0.84, 95 % CI 0.74-0.96, respectively, for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1). Non-genetic risk factors for breast cancer (i.e., age, years of menstruation/reproduction, oral contraceptive usage, and BMI) did not modify the association between GRSs and the risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that short TL, determined by genetic factors, may be associated with a reduced susceptibility to breast cancer.
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Rode L, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE. Long telomeres and cancer risk among 95 568 individuals from the general population. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1634-1643. [PMID: 27498151 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results regarding telomere length and cancer risk are conflicting. We tested the hypothesis that long telomeres are associated with increased risk of any cancer and specific cancer types in genetic and observational analyses. METHODS Individuals (N = 95 568) from the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study had the telomere length-associated genotypes rs7726159 (TERT), rs1317082 (TERC), and rs2487999 (OBFC1) determined, and 65 176 had telomere length measured. A total of 10 895 individuals had had a cancer diagnosis. Endpoints were any cancer and 25 specific cancer types. We conducted Cox regression analyses and logistic regression analyses. The three genotypes were combined as an allele sum. RESULTS Telomere length increased 67 base-pairs [95% confidence interval (CI) 61-74] per allele. In logistic regression models, the per-allele odds ratio (OR) for cancer was 1.05 (95% CI 1.03-1.07) for the allele sum, 1.05 (1.02-1.09) for rs7726159, 1.05 (1.02-1.08) for rs1317082 and 1.07 (1.02-1.12) for rs2487999. In contrast, the hazard ratio for any cancer was 1.01 (1.00-1.01) per 200-base-pair increase in telomere length in multivariable adjusted observational analysis. In genetic analyses according to specific cancer types, the per-allele odds ratio was 1.19 (1.12-1.27) for melanoma and 1.14 (1.06-1.22) for lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Genetic determinants of long telomeres are associated with increased cancer risk, particularly melanoma and lung cancer. This genetic predisposition to enhanced telomere maintenance may represent a survival advantage for pre-cancerous cells, allowing for multiple cell divisions leading to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Rode
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stone RC, Horvath K, Kark JD, Susser E, Tishkoff SA, Aviv A. Telomere Length and the Cancer-Atherosclerosis Trade-Off. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006144. [PMID: 27386863 PMCID: PMC4936693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humans, the longest-living terrestrial mammals, display short telomeres and repressed telomerase activity in somatic tissues compared with most short-living small mammals. The dual trait of short telomeres and repressed telomerase might render humans relatively resistant to cancer compared with short-living small mammals. However, the trade-off for cancer resistance is ostensibly increased age-related degenerative diseases, principally in the form of atherosclerosis. In this communication, we discuss (a) the genetics of human telomere length, a highly heritable complex trait that is influenced by genetic ancestry, sex, and paternal age at conception, (b) how cancer might have played a role in the evolution of telomere biology across mammals, (c) evidence that in modern humans telomere length is a determinant (rather than only a biomarker) of cancer and atherosclerosis, and (d) the potential influence of relatively recent evolutionary forces in fashioning the variation in telomere length across and within populations, and their likely lasting impact on major diseases in humans. Finally, we propose venues for future research on human telomere genetics in the context of its potential role in shaping the modern human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka C. Stone
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kent Horvath
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ezra Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abraham Aviv
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Oztas E, Kara H, Kara ZP, Aydogan MU, Uras C, Ozhan G. Association Between Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Variations and Risk of Developing Breast Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:459-64. [PMID: 27336831 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a reduction in the number of deaths from cancers made possible by the development of early detection tests, improvements in treatment, changes in the age distribution of the population, and changes of personal behaviors as a result of awareness, breast cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in women. Several genetic and environmental factors are known to be involved in breast cancer pathogenesis, but its exact etiology is complicated and is not clearly identified. The structure and integrity of telomeres are pivotal for genome stability, and telomere length is maintained by the expression of the telomerase enzyme. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is a principal functional subunit of the telomerase. Several recent studies have provided evidence that hTERT gene variants may have an important role in cancer development. METHODS Three hTERT variants (rs2736100, rs2736098, and rs2853669) were genotyped for 107 breast cancer patients and 110 healthy controls to determine their effect on breast cancer susceptibility. RESULTS It was observed that hTERT rs2736098 was associated with breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; p = 0.034), while rs2736100 and rs2853669 did not significantly differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings are the first description of hTERT allele distributions in the Turkish population and may contribute to our understanding of breast cancer development. Nevertheless, further large-scale population studies are needed to understand the role of the hTERT polymorphisms and haplotypes in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Oztas
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Kara
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Manolya Uras Aydogan
- 4 Department of Physiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Uras
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Ozhan
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang X, Ma K, Chi L, Cui J, Jin L, Hu JF, Li W. Combining Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Genetic Variant rs2736100 with Epidemiologic Factors in the Prediction of Lung Cancer Susceptibility. J Cancer 2016; 7:846-53. [PMID: 27162544 PMCID: PMC4860802 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants from a considerable number of susceptibility loci have been identified in association with cancer risk, but their interaction with epidemiologic factors in lung cancer remains to be defined. We sought to establish a forecasting model for identifying individuals with high-risk of lung cancer by combing gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms with epidemiologic factors. Genotyping and clinical data from 500 lung cancer cases and 500 controls were used for developing the logistic regression model. We found that lung cancer was associated with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) rs2736100 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The TERT rs2736100 model was still significantly associated with lung cancer risk when combined with environmental and lifestyle factors, including lower education, lower BMI, COPD history, heavy cigarettes smoking, heavy cooking emission, and dietary factors (over-consumption of meat and deficiency in fish/shrimp, vegetables, dairy products, and soybean products). These data suggest that combining TERT SNP and epidemiologic factors may be a useful approach to discriminate high and low-risk individuals for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.; 2. Stanford University Medical School Stanford, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA94305, USA
| | - Kewei Ma
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lumei Chi
- 4. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Lina Jin
- 3. Second Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun , Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China.; 2. Stanford University Medical School Stanford, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- 1. Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
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Machiela MJ, Lan Q, Slager SL, Vermeulen RCH, Teras LR, Camp NJ, Cerhan JR, Spinelli JJ, Wang SS, Nieters A, Vijai J, Yeager M, Wang Z, Ghesquières H, McKay J, Conde L, de Bakker PIW, Cox DG, Burdett L, Monnereau A, Flowers CR, De Roos AJ, Brooks-Wilson AR, Giles GG, Melbye M, Gu J, Jackson RD, Kane E, Purdue MP, Vajdic CM, Albanes D, Kelly RS, Zucca M, Bertrand KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Lawrence C, Hutchinson A, Zhi D, Habermann TM, Link BK, Novak AJ, Dogan A, Asmann YW, Liebow M, Thompson CA, Ansell SM, Witzig TE, Tilly H, Haioun C, Molina TJ, Hjalgrim H, Glimelius B, Adami HO, Roos G, Bracci PM, Riby J, Smith MT, Holly EA, Cozen W, Hartge P, Morton LM, Severson RK, Tinker LF, North KE, Becker N, Benavente Y, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Staines A, Lightfoot T, Crouch S, Smith A, Roman E, Diver WR, Offit K, Zelenetz A, Klein RJ, Villano DJ, Zheng T, Zhang Y, Holford TR, Turner J, Southey MC, Clavel J, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Riboli E, Vineis P, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Tjønneland A, Angelucci E, Di Lollo S, Rais M, De Vivo I, Giovannucci E, Kraft P, Huang J, Ma B, Ye Y, Chiu BCH, Liang L, Park JH, Chung CC, Weisenburger DD, Fraumeni JF, Salles G, Glenn M, Cannon-Albright L, Curtin K, Wu X, Smedby KE, de Sanjose S, Skibola CF, Berndt SI, Birmann BM, Chanock SJ, Rothman N. Genetically predicted longer telomere length is associated with increased risk of B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1663-76. [PMID: 27008888 PMCID: PMC4854019 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from a small number of studies suggests that longer telomere length measured in peripheral leukocytes is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, these studies may be biased by reverse causation, confounded by unmeasured environmental exposures and might miss time points for which prospective telomere measurement would best reveal a relationship between telomere length and NHL risk. We performed an analysis of genetically inferred telomere length and NHL risk in a study of 10 102 NHL cases of the four most common B-cell histologic types and 9562 controls using a genetic risk score (GRS) comprising nine telomere length-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This approach uses existing genotype data and estimates telomere length by weighing the number of telomere length-associated variant alleles an individual carries with the published change in kb of telomere length. The analysis of the telomere length GRS resulted in an association between longer telomere length and increased NHL risk [four B-cell histologic types combined; odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, 95% CI 1.22-1.82,P-value = 8.5 × 10(-5)]. Subtype-specific analyses indicated that chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) was the principal NHL subtype contributing to this association (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.93-3.51,P-value = 4.0 × 10(-10)). Significant interactions were observed across strata of sex for CLL/SLL and marginal zone lymphoma subtypes as well as age for the follicular lymphoma subtype. Our results indicate that a genetic background that favors longer telomere length may increase NHL risk, particularly risk of CLL/SLL, and are consistent with earlier studies relating longer telomere length with increased NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care and
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Hervé Ghesquières
- Department of Hematology and Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pierre benite Cedex, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Lucia Conde
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care and Department of Medical Genetics and of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David G Cox
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | | | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health and
| | | | - Kimberly A Bertrand
- Department of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Brian K Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Ahmet Dogan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hervé Tilly
- Centre Heni Becquerel, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Corinne Haioun
- Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital and University Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Thierry J Molina
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Necker Enfants malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacques Riby
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard K Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Maynadie
- EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Simon Crouch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alex Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert J Klein
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and
| | - Theodore R Holford
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenny Turner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health and Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - Rudolph Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute for Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Emanuele Angelucci
- Hematology Unit, Ospedale Oncologico di Riferimento Regionale A. Businco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simonetta Di Lollo
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Section of Anatomo-Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Rais
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Nutrition and
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Baoshan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian C H Chiu
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gilles Salles
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pierre benite Cedex, France, Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre benite Cedex, France, Department of Hematology, Université Lyon-1, Pierre benite Cedex, France and
| | - Martha Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Factor-Litvak P, Susser E, Kezios K, McKeague I, Kark JD, Hoffman M, Kimura M, Wapner R, Aviv A. Leukocyte Telomere Length in Newborns: Implications for the Role of Telomeres in Human Disease. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-3927. [PMID: 26969272 PMCID: PMC4811318 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In adults, leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is variable, familial, and longer in women and in offspring conceived by older fathers. Although short LTL is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, long LTL is associated with major cancers. The prevailing notion is that LTL is a "telomeric clock," whose movement (expressed in LTL attrition) reflects the pace of aging. Accordingly, individuals with short LTL are considered to be biologically older than their peers. Recent studies suggest that LTL is largely determined before adulthood. We examined whether factors that largely characterize LTL in adults also influence LTL in newborns. METHODS LTL was measured in blood samples from 490 newborns and their parents. RESULTS LTL (mean ± SD) was longer (9.50 ± 0.70 kb) in newborns than in their mothers (7.92 ± 0.67 kb) and fathers (7.70 ± 0.71 kb) (both P < .0001); there was no difference in the variance of LTL among the 3 groups. Newborn LTL correlated more strongly with age-adjusted LTL in mothers (r = 0.47; P < .01) than in fathers (r = 0.36; P < .01) (P for interaction = .02). Newborn LTL was longer by 0.144 kb in girls than in boys (P = .02), and LTL was longer by 0.175 kb in mothers than in fathers (P < .0001). For each 1-year increase in father's age, newborn LTL increased by 0.016 kb (95% confidence interval: 0.04 to 0.28) (P = .0086). CONCLUSIONS The large LTL variation across newborns challenges the telomeric clock model. Having inherently short or long LTL may be largely determined at birth, anteceding by decades disease manifestation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezra Susser
- Departments of Epidemiology, and,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Ian McKeague
- Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy D. Kark
- Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - Ronald Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Aviv
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey; and
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65
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Hansen MEB, Hunt SC, Stone RC, Horvath K, Herbig U, Ranciaro A, Hirbo J, Beggs W, Reiner AP, Wilson JG, Kimura M, De Vivo I, Chen MM, Kark JD, Levy D, Nyambo T, Tishkoff SA, Aviv A. Shorter telomere length in Europeans than in Africans due to polygenetic adaptation. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2324-2330. [PMID: 26936823 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL), which reflects telomere length in other somatic tissues, is a complex genetic trait. Eleven SNPs have been shown in genome-wide association studies to be associated with LTL at a genome-wide level of significance within cohorts of European ancestry. It has been observed that LTL is longer in African Americans than in Europeans. The underlying reason for this difference is unknown. Here we show that LTL is significantly longer in sub-Saharan Africans than in both Europeans and African Americans. Based on the 11 LTL-associated alleles and genetic data in phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project, we show that the shifts in allele frequency within Europe and between Europe and Africa do not fit the pattern expected by neutral genetic drift. Our findings suggest that differences in LTL within Europeans and between Europeans and Africans is influenced by polygenic adaptation and that differences in LTL between Europeans and Africans might explain, in part, ethnic differences in risks for human diseases that have been linked to LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E B Hansen
- Department of Genetics and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar, Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kent Horvath
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Utz Herbig
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander P Reiner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677, USA
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxine M Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA and
| | - Thomas Nyambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dares Salaam 35091, Tanzania
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics and Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Aviv
- The Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,
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66
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Gu Y, Yu C, Miao L, Wang L, Xu C, Xue W, Du J, Yuan H, Dai J, Jin G, Hu Z, Ma H, Shen H. Telomere length, genetic variants and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Southeast Chinese. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20675. [PMID: 26857734 PMCID: PMC4746643 DOI: 10.1038/srep20675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction participates in malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Previous studies have explored the associations between telomere length (TL) and cancer susceptibility; however, the findings are inconclusive. The associations between genetic variants and TL have been verified by quite a few genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Yet, to date, there was no published study on the relationship between TL, related genetic variants and susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in Chinese. Hence, we detected relative telomere length (RTL) by using quantitative PCR and genotyped seven selected single nucleotide polymorphisms by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 510 SCCHN cases and 913 controls in southeast Chinese. The results showed that RTL was significantly associated with SCCHN risk [(adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.32, P = 0.001]. Furthermore, among seven selected SNPs, only G allele of rs2736100 related to RTL in Caucasians was significantly associated with both the decreased RTL (P = 0.002) and the increased susceptibility to SCCHN in Chinese (additive model: adjusted OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.00–1.38, P = 0.049). These findings provide evidence that shortened TL is a risk factor for SCCHN, and genetic variants can contribute to both TL and the susceptibility to SCCHN in southeast Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chengxiao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Limin Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chongquan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenjie Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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67
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Zakkouri FAZ, Saloua O, Halima A, Rachid R, Hind M, Hassan E. Smoking, passive smoking and lung cancer cell types among women in Morocco: analysis of epidemiological profiling of 101 cases. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:530. [PMID: 26433364 PMCID: PMC4592748 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently women’s lung cancer mortality rates have dramatically increased in developed countries, contrasting with a levelling off or decrease among men. Descriptive epidemiological data on primary lung cancer in women is scarce in Morocco. The aim of this study, conducted in the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat, was to describe the epidemiological profiling especially for the smoking status, to determine the most frequent type of lung cancer, and to analyse the survival of Moroccan women with lung cancer diagnosis. Results We found 101 women among 1680 (male and female) cases of lung cancer. The never-smokers were estimated to 75 %. The proportion of adenocarcinoma among never and passive smokers was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (69.4 versus 30.6 %), while among women who were smokers, the most frequent histological type was SCC (63.6 %). The Cox regression analysis showed that smoking and passive smoking were not significantly associated with survival [HR: 0.62 (95 % CI 0.31, 1.30); p = 0.19] [HR: 0.56 (95 % CI 0.29, 1.08); p = 0.08] respectively. Adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with shorter survival [HR: 1.73 (95 % CI 1.05, 2.85); p = 0.03]. Conclusions The majority Moroccan women affected by lung cancer have never smoked (75 %). Environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and viral infection may all play a role in lung cancer in this category. The relation between histological type and tobacco found in our series concurred with those reported in the literature—adenocarcinoma appears to be the most frequent cell type affecting never and passive smokers. Adenocarcinoma is significantly associated with poorer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Az-zahra Zakkouri
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco. .,Department of medical oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Agdal/Riad, 10000, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Ouaouch Saloua
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abahssain Halima
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Razine Rachid
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mrabti Hind
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Errihani Hassan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco.
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Carty CL, Kooperberg C, Liu J, Herndon M, Assimes T, Hou L, Kroenke CH, LaCroix AZ, Kimura M, Aviv A, Reiner AP. Leukocyte Telomere Length and Risks of Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in a Racially Diverse Population of Postmenopausal Women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2225-31. [PMID: 26249011 PMCID: PMC4713196 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomeres are regions at the ends of chromosomes that maintain chromosomal structural integrity and genomic stability. In studies of mainly older, white populations, shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and increased risks of mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD). On average, African Americans (AfAm) have longer LTL than whites, but the LTL-CHD relationship in AfAm is unknown. We investigated the relationship of LTL with CHD and mortality among AfAm. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using a case-cohort design, 1525 postmenopausal women (667 AfAm and 858 whites) from the Women's Health Initiative had LTL measured in baseline blood samples by Southern blotting. CHD or mortality hazards ratios were estimated using race-stratified and risk factor-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. There were 367 incident CHD (226 mortality) events in whites, whereas AfAm experienced 269 incident CHD (216 mortality) events during median follow-up of 13 years. Shorter LTL was associated with older age, current smoking, and white race/ethnicity. In whites, each 1 kilobase decrease in LTL was associated with 50% increased hazard of CHD, hazard ratio=1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.10), P=0.017. There was no association between CHD and LTL in AfAm. White women with shorter LTL had higher risks of mortality. In contrast, shorter LTL was weakly associated with decreased mortality hazard in AfAm. CONCLUSIONS As one of the largest prospective studies of LTL associations with incident CHD and mortality in a racially diverse sample, our study suggests differences in LTL associations with CHD and mortality between white and AfAm postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Carty
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.).
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Jingmin Liu
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Megan Herndon
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Lifang Hou
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Candyce H Kroenke
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Abraham Aviv
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- From the Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (C.L.C.); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (C.K., J.L., M.H., A.P.R.); Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (T.A.); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.H.); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA (C.H.K.); Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego (A.Z.L.); Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark (M.K., A.A.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.P.R.)
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Zhang C, Doherty JA, Burgess S, Hung RJ, Lindström S, Kraft P, Gong J, Amos CI, Sellers TA, Monteiro ANA, Chenevix-Trench G, Bickeböller H, Risch A, Brennan P, Mckay JD, Houlston RS, Landi MT, Timofeeva MN, Wang Y, Heinrich J, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Muir K, Wiklund F, Grönberg H, Berndt SI, Chanock SJ, Schumacher F, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Amin Al Olama A, Andrulis IL, Hopper JL, Chang-Claude J, John EM, Malone KE, Gammon MD, Ursin G, Whittemore AS, Hunter DJ, Gruber SB, Knight JA, Hou L, Le Marchand L, Newcomb PA, Hudson TJ, Chan AT, Li L, Woods MO, Ahsan H, Pierce BL. Genetic determinants of telomere length and risk of common cancers: a Mendelian randomization study. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5356-66. [PMID: 26138067 PMCID: PMC4550826 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent associations between telomere length (TL) and risk for various cancers. These inconsistencies are likely attributable, in part, to biases that arise due to post-diagnostic and post-treatment TL measurement. To avoid such biases, we used a Mendelian randomization approach and estimated associations between nine TL-associated SNPs and risk for five common cancer types (breast, lung, colorectal, ovarian and prostate cancer, including subtypes) using data on 51 725 cases and 62 035 controls. We then used an inverse-variance weighted average of the SNP-specific associations to estimate the association between a genetic score representing long TL and cancer risk. The long TL genetic score was significantly associated with increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (P = 6.3 × 10(-15)), even after exclusion of a SNP residing in a known lung cancer susceptibility region (TERT-CLPTM1L) P = 6.6 × 10(-6)). Under Mendelian randomization assumptions, the association estimate [odds ratio (OR) = 2.78] is interpreted as the OR for lung adenocarcinoma corresponding to a 1000 bp increase in TL. The weighted TL SNP score was not associated with other cancer types or subtypes. Our finding that genetic determinants of long TL increase lung adenocarcinoma risk avoids issues with reverse causality and residual confounding that arise in observational studies of TL and disease risk. Under Mendelian randomization assumptions, our finding suggests that longer TL increases lung adenocarcinoma risk. However, caution regarding this causal interpretation is warranted in light of the potential issue of pleiotropy, and a more general interpretation is that SNPs influencing telomere biology are also implicated in lung adenocarcinoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James D Mckay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Yufei Wang
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK, Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Ken Muir
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Molecular Genetics/Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giske Ursin
- Kreftregisteret, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Knight
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA and
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,
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Wei R, DeVilbiss FT, Liu W. Genetic Polymorphism, Telomere Biology and Non-Small Lung Cancer Risk. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:549-561. [PMID: 26554909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of chromosomal regions associated with the risk of lung cancer. Of these regions, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), especially rs2736100 located in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene show unique and significant association with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a few subpopulations including women, nonsmokers, East Asians and those with adenocarcinoma. Recent studies have also linked rs2736100 with a longer telomere length and lung cancer risk. In this review, we seek to summarize the relationship between these factors and to further link the underlying telomere biology to lung cancer etiology. We conclude that genetic alleles combined with environmental (e.g., less-smoking) and physiological factors (gender and age) that confer longer telomere length are strong risk factors for NSCLC. This linkage may be particularly relevant in lung adenocarcinoma driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, as these mutations have also been strongly linked to female gender, less-smoking history, adenocarcinoma histology and East Asian ethnicity. By establishing this connection, a strong argument is made for further investigating of the involvement of these entities during the tumorigenesis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Frank T DeVilbiss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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