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Kumar M, Bhoi S, Subramanian A, Kamal VK, Mohanty S, Rao DN, Galwankar S. Evaluation of circulating haematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with Trauma Haemorrhagic shock and its correlation with outcomes. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2016; 6:56-60. [PMID: 27308251 PMCID: PMC4901827 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.183016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Haemorrhagic shock accounts up to 50% of early trauma deaths. Hematopoietic failure has been observed in experimental animals and human following shock and injury. One of the facets of bone marrow failure is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and is commonly seen in patients recovering from severe trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Bone Marrow (BM) dysfunction is associated with mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) into peripheral blood. Present study explored the association of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) with mortality in trauma haemorrhagic shock patients (T/HS). Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort studies of patients presenting within 8 hrs of injury with T/HS to the Department of Emergency Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected in each patient for measurement of peripheral blood HPCs. Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) quantification was performed by measuring HPCs counts using the haematology analyzer (Sysmex XE-2100). Clinical and laboratory data were prospectively collected after consent. Ethical approval was taken and data was analysed by Stata 11.2. Results: 39 patients with trauma hemorrhagic shock and 30 normal healthy controls were recruited. HPCs were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the T/HS as compared to control. Among study group, 14 patients died within 24 h. at the hospital admission, and found HPCs concentrations were highly significant (<0.001) in non-survivors (n = 14) when compared with survivors (n = 25) among T/HS patients. Conclusions: Our studies suggest the peripheral blood HPCs may be early prognostic marker for mortality among patients who presented with trauma hemorrhagic shock on admission. But the exact molecular mechanism and signalling pathway involved in the change of the behaviour of bone marrow microenvironment is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Bhoi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Arulselvi Subramanian
- Department of Lab Medicine, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Kamal
- Department of Bio Statistics, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Department of Stem Cell Facility, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar Galwankar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Florida, USA
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Nguyen H, Aum D, Mashkouri S, Rao G, Vega Gonzales-Portillo JD, Reyes S, Borlongan CV. Growth factor therapy sequesters inflammation in affording neuroprotection in cerebrovascular diseases. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:915-26. [PMID: 27152762 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1184086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the key role of inflammation in the progression of cerebrovascular diseases. Inflammation can persist over prolonged period of time after the initial insult providing a wider therapeutic window. Despite the acute endogenous upregulation of many growth factors after the injury, it is not sufficient to protect against inflammation and to regenerate the brain. Therapeutic approaches targeting both dampening inflammation and enhancing growth factors are likely to provide beneficial outcomes in cerebrovascular disease. AREAS COVERED In this mini review, we discuss major growth factors and their beneficial properties to combat the inflammation in cerebrovascular diseases. Emerging biotechnologies which facilitate the therapeutic effects of growth factors are also presented in an effort to provide insights into the future combination therapies incorporating both central and peripheral abrogation of inflammation. Expert commentary: Many studies discussed in this review have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of growth factors in treating cerebrovascular diseases. It is unlikely that one growth factor can be used to treat these complex diseases. Combination of growth factors and anti-inflammatory modulators may clinically improve outcomes for patients. In particular, transplantation of stem cells may be able to achieve both goals of modulating inflammation and upregulating growth factors. Large preclinical studies and multiple laboratory collaborations are needed to advance these findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - David Aum
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Sherwin Mashkouri
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Gautam Rao
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | | | - Stephanny Reyes
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- a Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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Yuan S, Palmer JM, Tsai NC, Dagis A, Nademanee A, Wang S. Engraftment and outcomes following autologous stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin lymphoma patients mobilized with plerixafor. Hematol Oncol 2016; 35:281-287. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yuan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA USA
| | - Joycelynne M. Palmer
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Information Sciences; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA USA
| | - Ni-Chun Tsai
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Information Sciences; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA USA
| | - Andrew Dagis
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Information Sciences; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA USA
| | - Auayporn Nademanee
- Department of Hematology; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA USA
| | - Shirong Wang
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA USA
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Jamiolkowski RM, Kang SD, Rodriguez AK, Haseltine JM, Galinat LJ, Jantzen AE, Carlon TA, Darrabie MD, Arciniegas AJ, Mantilla JG, Haley NR, Noviani M, Allen JD, Stabler TV, Frederiksen JW, Alzate O, Keil LG, Liu S, Lin FH, Truskey GA, Achneck HE. Increased yield of endothelial cells from peripheral blood for cell therapies and tissue engineering. Regen Med 2016; 10:447-60. [PMID: 26022764 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Peripheral blood-derived endothelial cells (pBD-ECs) are an attractive tool for cell therapies and tissue engineering, but have been limited by their low isolation yield. We increase pBD-EC yield via administration of the chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist AMD3100, as well as via a diluted whole blood incubation (DWBI). MATERIALS & METHODS Porcine pBD-ECs were isolated using AMD3100 and DWBI and tested for EC markers, acetylated LDL uptake, growth kinetics, metabolic activity, flow-mediated nitric oxide production and seeded onto titanium tubes implanted into vessels of pigs. RESULTS DWBI increased the yield of porcine pBD-ECs 6.6-fold, and AMD3100 increased the yield 4.5-fold. AMD3100-mobilized ECs were phenotypically indistinguishable from nonmobilized ECs. In porcine implants, the cells expressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase, reduced thrombin-antithrombin complex systemically and prevented thrombosis. CONCLUSION Administration of AMD3100 and the DWBI method both increase pBD-EC yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sa Do Kang
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | | | - Justin M Haseltine
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Lauren J Galinat
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA
| | | | - Tim A Carlon
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jose G Mantilla
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | | | - Maria Noviani
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA.,4Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jason D Allen
- 5Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA.,6Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | - Thomas V Stabler
- 6Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | | | - Oscar Alzate
- 8University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, NC, USA
| | - Lukas G Keil
- 8University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, NC, USA
| | - Siyao Liu
- 8University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, NC, USA
| | - Fu-Hsiung Lin
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
| | | | - Hardean E Achneck
- 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA.,9Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
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Golipoor Z, Mehraein F, Zafari F, Alizadeh A, Ababzadeh S, Baazm M. Migration of Bone Marrow-Derived Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells toward An Injured Spinal Cord. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:639-47. [PMID: 26862523 PMCID: PMC4746414 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow (BM) is one of the major hematopoietic organs in postnatal life that consists of a heterogeneous population of stem cells which have been previously described. Recently, a rare population of stem cells that are called very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells has been found in the BM. These cells express several developmental markers of pluri- potent stem cells and can be mobilized into peripheral blood (PB) in response to tissue injury. In this study we have attempted to investigate the ability of these cells to migrate toward an injured spinal cord after transplantation through the tail vein in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, VSELs were isolated from total BM cells using a fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) system and sca1 and stage specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-1) antibodies. After isolation, VSELs were cultured for 7 days on C2C12 as the feeder layer. Then, VSELs were labeled with 1,1´-dioctadecyl-3,3,3´,3´- tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and transplanted into the rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model via the tail vein. Finally, we sought to determine the presence of VSELs in the lesion site. RESULTS We isolated a high number of VSELs from the BM. After cultivation, the VSELs colonies were positive for SSEA-1, Oct4 and Sca1. At one month after transplantation, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed a significantly increased expres- sion level of Oct4 and SSEA-1 positive cells at the injury site. CONCLUSION VSELs have the capability to migrate and localize in an injured spinal cord after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoleikha Golipoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehraein
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zafari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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DHAP plus filgrastim as an effective peripheral stem cell mobilization regimen for autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma: A single center experience. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:48-52. [PMID: 26809684 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of DHAP regimen plus filgrastim for mobilization of stem cells in patients with recurrent and/or refractory lymphoma. Thirty-four patients who took DHAP as salvage therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation were included. After chemotherapies, 2 cycles of DHAP plus filgrastim were administered to the patients. Stem cells from 32 patients (94%) were collected on median 11th day (8-12), and the median collected CD34(+) cell dose was 9.7 × 10(6)/kg (range 3.8-41.6). DHAP plus filgrastim was found to be an effective chemotherapy regimen in mobilizing CD34(+) stem cells into the peripheral.
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O'Donnell RK, Falcon B, Hanson J, Goldstein WE, Perruzzi C, Rafii S, Aird WC, Benjamin LE. VEGF-A/VEGFR Inhibition Restores Hematopoietic Homeostasis in the Bone Marrow and Attenuates Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2015; 76:517-24. [PMID: 26719538 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis-based cancer therapies, specifically those targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 pathway, have been approved for subsets of solid tumors. However, these therapies result in an increase in hematologic adverse events. We surmised that both the bone marrow vasculature and VEGF receptor-positive hematopoietic cells could be impacted by VEGF pathway-targeted therapies. We used a mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer to decipher the mechanism by which VEGF pathway inhibition alters hematopoiesis. Tumor-bearing animals, while exhibiting increased angiogenesis at the primary tumor site, showed signs of shrinkage in the sinusoidal bone marrow vasculature accompanied by an increase in the hematopoietic stem cell-containing Lin-cKit(+)Sca1(+) (LKS) progenitor population. Therapeutic intervention by targeting VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 inhibited tumor growth, consistent with observed alterations in the primary tumor vascular bed. These treatments also displayed systemic effects, including reversal of the tumor-induced shrinkage of sinusoidal vessels and altered population balance of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, manifested by the restoration of sinusoidal vessel morphology and hematopoietic homeostasis. These data indicate that tumor cells exert an aberrant systemic effect on the bone marrow microenvironment and VEGF-A/VEGFR targeting restores bone marrow function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah K O'Donnell
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Whitney E Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
| | - William C Aird
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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58
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Hussein K, Stucki-Koch A, Alchalby H, Triviai I, Kröger N, Kreipe H. Cytokine Expression Pattern in Bone Marrow Microenvironment after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Primary Myelofibrosis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:644-650. [PMID: 26708839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The only curative therapy for primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, although we know that patients can benefit from ASCT, we do not know the extent of the changes of the expression profile of cytokines and matrix modulation factors. In this first systematic analysis, we evaluated the expression profile of 103 factors before and after transplantation to identify potential biomarkers. The expression of fibrosis-, inflammation-, and angiogenesis-associated genes was analyzed in a total of 52 bone marrow biopsies: PMF patients (n = 14) before and after ASCT and, for control purposes, post-ASCT multiple myeloma patients (n = 14) and non-neoplastic hematopoiesis (n = 10). In post-ASCT PMF cases, decreased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFA) correlated with bone marrow remodeling and hematological remission. Expression of several other matrix factors remained at high levels and may contribute to post-ASCT remodeling. This is the first systematic analysis of cytokine expression in post-ASCT PMF bone marrow that shows that normalization of bone marrow microenvironment is paralleled by decreased expression of TIMP and PDGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Haefaa Alchalby
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ioanna Triviai
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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59
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Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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Li C, Lu L, Zhang J, Huang S, Xing Y, Zhao M, Zhou D, Li D, Meng A. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exacerbates hematopoietic stem cell injury after irradiation. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:65. [PMID: 26609358 PMCID: PMC4659162 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to a moderate to high dose of ionizing radiation (IR) not only causes acute radiation syndrome but also induces long-term (LT) bone marrow (BM) injury. The latter effect of IR is primarily attributed to the induction of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the only treatment recommended to be given to radiation victims soon after IR. However, clinical studies have shown that G-CSF used to treat the leukopenia induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy in patients can cause sustained low white blood cell counts in peripheral blood. It has been suggested that this adverse effect is caused by HSC and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation and differentiation stimulated by G-CSF, which impairs HSC self-renewal and may exhaust the BM capacity to exacerbate IR-induced LT-BM injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 4 Gy γ-rays of total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose-rate of 1.08 Gy per minute, and the mice were treated with G-CSF (1 μg/each by ip) or vehicle at 2 and 6 h after TBI on the first day and then twice every day for 6 days. All mice were killed one month after TBI for analysis of peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow cellularity and long-term HSC (CD34-lineage-sca1+c-kit+) frequency. The colony-forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) ability of HPC was measured by colony-forming cell (CFC) assay, and the HSC self-renewal capacity was analyzed by BM transplantation. The levels of ROS production, the expression of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38) and p16INK4a (p16) mRNA in HSCs were measured by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results The results of our studies show that G-CSF administration mitigated TBI-induced decreases in WBC and the suppression of HPC function (CFU-GM) (p < 0.05), whereas G-CSF exacerbated the suppression of long-term HSC engraftment after transplantation one month after TBI (p < 0.05); The increase in HSC damage was associated with increased ROS production, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), induction of senescence in HSCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that although G-CSF administration can reduce ARS, it can also exacerbate TBI-induced LT-BM injury in part by promoting HSC senescence via the ROS-p38-p16 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Huang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghua Xing
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Deguan Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Santiago-Osorio E, Ledesma-Martínez E, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Poblano-Pérez I, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, de Lourdes Mora-García M. Sodium Caseinate (CasNa) Induces Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a BALB/c Mouse Model. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:206-12. [PMID: 26409928 PMCID: PMC4590580 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.895442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation has high clinical potential against a wide variety of hematologic, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases and solid tumors. Clinically, hematopoietic stem cells derived from peripheral blood are currently used more than those obtained from sources such as bone marrow. However, mobilizing agents used in the clinic tend to fail in high rates, making the number of mobilized cells insufficient for transplantation. We investigated whether sodium caseinate induces functional mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood of Balb/c mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a mouse model, we administrated sodium caseinate or Plerixafor, a commercial mobilizing agent, and analyzed counts of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, and then cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice to restore hematopoiesis. All assays were performed at least twice. RESULTS We found that sodium caseinate increases the number of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood with the immunophenotype of hematopoietic stem cells (0.2 to 0.5% LSK cells), allowing them to form colonies of various cell lineages in semisolid medium (p<0.05). This effect is similar to that of Plerixafor, and cells transplanted into lethally irradiated mice can restore hematopoiesis at higher percentages than mononuclear cells mobilized by Plerixafor (40% vs. 20%, respectively). Further, a secondary transplant rescued a separate group of irradiated mice from death, proving definitive evidence of hematopoietic reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. To determine significant differences between the data, one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these results show the utility of sodium caseinate as a mobilizer of hematopoietic stem cells and its potential clinical application in transplantation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos-Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Mora-García
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Piscaglia AC, Rutella S, Laterza L, Cesario V, Campanale M, Cazzato IA, Ianiro G, Barbaro F, Di Maurizio L, Bonanno G, Cenci T, Cammarota G, Larocca LM, Gasbarrini A. Circulating hematopoietic stem cells and putative intestinal stem cells in coeliac disease. J Transl Med 2015; 13:220. [PMID: 26160352 PMCID: PMC4498508 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal stem cells (ISC) modulation and the role of circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in coeliac disease (CD) are poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate the longitudinal modifications in peripheral blood HSC traffic and putative ISC density induced by gluten-free diet (GFD) in CD. Methods Thirty-one CD patients and 7 controls were enrolled. Circulating CD133+ and CD34+ HSC were measured by flow cytometry, at enrolment and after 7 days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of GFD. Endoscopy was performed at diagnosis and repeated at 6, 12, and 24 months following GFD. We used the Marsh-Oberhuber score to evaluate the histological severity of duodenal damage; immunohistochemistry was employed to measure the intraepithelial lymphoid infiltrate (IEL, CD3+ lymphoid cells) and the putative ISC compartment (CD133+ and Lgr5+ epithelial cells). Results At enrolment, circulating HSCs were significantly increased in CD patients and they further augmented during the first week of GFD, but progressively decreased afterwards. CD patients presented with villous atrophy, abundant IEL and rare ISC residing at the crypt base. Upon GFD, IEL progressively decreased, while ISC density increased, peaking at 12 months. After 24 months of GFD, all patients were asymptomatic and their duodenal mucosa was macroscopically and histologically normal. Conclusions In active CD patients, the ISC niche is depleted and there is an increased traffic of circulating HSC versus non-coeliac subjects. GFD induces a precocious mobilization of circulating HSC, which is followed by the expansion of the local ISC compartment, leading to mucosal healing and clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Piscaglia
- Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, State Hospital, Borgo Maggiore, Republic of San Marino. .,Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rutella
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, PO Box 26999, Burj Doha, 8th Floor, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Lucrezia Laterza
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Cesario
- Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, State Hospital, Borgo Maggiore, Republic of San Marino. .,Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Campanale
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Barbaro
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Di Maurizio
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Bonanno
- Institute of Gynecology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tonia Cenci
- Institute of Pathology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Institute of Pathology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, "A. Gemelli" Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Hsu LW, Nakano T, Huang KT, Chen CC, Chen KD, Lai CY, Yang SM, Lin CC, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Chiu KW, Kuo YR, Goto S, Chen CL. Prolonged survival by combined treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in a rat small-for-size liver transplantation model. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:804-13. [PMID: 25179290 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Despite the great advances and excellent outcomes of liver transplantation (LT), small-for-size (SFS) graft syndrome is a life-threatening complication that remains to be overcome. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of combined treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor on SFS liver graft syndrome. METHODS The transplantation of small-sized Lewis donor livers into green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic Wistar rats was performed and the recipients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (without treatment, DPP-IV inhibitor treatment, G-CSF treatment and G-CSF/DPP-IV inhibitor combination). Recombinant human G-CSF was injected s.c. at a dose of 2 μg/kg per day starting 5 days prior to transplantation. G-CSF was combined with the p.o. administration of a DPP-IV inhibitor (2 mg/kg per day) after transplantation until the end of the observation period. RESULTS The post-transplant survival and liver function of rats treated with G-CSF/DPP-IV inhibitor combination therapy were significantly improved with an increased number of recipient-derived GFP positive cells into the liver grafts. A confocal microscopy study showed cytokeratin (CK)-18 and GFP positive hepatic progenitor cells in the parenchyma of the liver allografts. Untreated rats and rats treated with either G-CSF or DPP-IV inhibitor did not exhibit the prolonged survival and had less GFP and CK-18 positive cells in the liver grafts after SFS LT. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that combined treatment with G-CSF and DPP-IV inhibitor may synergistically induce migration and differentiation of recipient-derived stem cells into the hepatic progenitor cells, resulting in the amelioration of SFS liver graft syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Yang
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yur-Ren Kuo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Goker H, Etgul S, Buyukasik Y. Optimizing mobilization strategies in difficult-to-mobilize patients: The role of plerixafor. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:23-9. [PMID: 26099666 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood stem cell collection is currently the most widely used source for hematopoietic autologous transplantation. Several factors such as advanced age, previous chemotherapy, disease and marrow infiltration at the time of mobilization influence the efficacy of CD34(+) progenitor cell mobilization. Despite the safety and efficiency of the standard mobilization protocols (G-CSF ± chemotherapy), there is still a significant amount of mobilization failure rate (10-40%), which necessitate novel agents for effective mobilization. Plerixafor, is a novel agent, has been recently approved for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The combination of Plerixafor with G-CSF provides the collection of large numbers of stem cells in fewer apheresis sessions and can salvage those who fail with standard mobilization regimens. The development and optimization of practical algorithms for the use Plerixafor is crucial to make hematopoietic stem cell mobilization more efficient in a cost-effective way. This review is aimed at summarizing how to identify poor mobilizers, and define rational use of Plerixafor for planning mobilization in hard-to-mobilize patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Goker
- Hematology Department, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sezgin Etgul
- Hematology Department, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yahya Buyukasik
- Hematology Department, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Zöller M. CD44, Hyaluronan, the Hematopoietic Stem Cell, and Leukemia-Initiating Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:235. [PMID: 26074915 PMCID: PMC4443741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is an adhesion molecule that varies in size due to glycosylation and insertion of so-called variant exon products. The CD44 standard isoform (CD44s) is highly expressed in many cells and most abundantly in cells of the hematopoietic system, whereas expression of CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v) is more restricted. CD44s and CD44v are known as stem cell markers, first described for hematopoietic stem cells and later on confirmed for cancer- and leukemia-initiating cells. Importantly, both abundantly expressed CD44s as well as CD44v actively contribute to the maintenance of stem cell features, like generating and embedding in a niche, homing into the niche, maintenance of quiescence, and relative apoptosis resistance. This is surprising, as CD44 is not a master stem cell gene. I here will discuss that the functional contribution of CD44 relies on its particular communication skills with neighboring molecules, adjacent cells and, last not least, the surrounding matrix. In fact, it is the interaction of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 with its prime ligand, which strongly assists stem cells to fulfill their special and demanding tasks. Recent fundamental progress in support of this “old” hypothesis, which may soon pave the way for most promising new therapeutics, is presented for both hematopoietic stem cell and leukemia-initiating cell. The contribution of CD44 to the generation of a stem cell niche, to homing of stem cells in their niche, to stem cell quiescence and apoptosis resistance will be in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery , Heidelberg , Germany
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66
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Eid KADB, Miranda ECM, Aguiar SDS. Mobilization and collection of CD34(+) cells for autologous transplantation of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells in children: analysis of two different granulocyte-colony stimulating factor doses. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2015; 37:160-6. [PMID: 26041417 PMCID: PMC4459484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is the cell choice in autologous transplantation. The classic dose of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for mobilization is a single daily dose of 10μg/kg of patient body weight. There is a theory that higher doses of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor applied twice daily could increase the number of CD34(+) cells collected in fewer leukapheresis procedures. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare a fractionated dose of 15μg G-CSF/kg of body weight and the conventional dose of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in respect to the number of leukapheresis procedures required to achieve a minimum collection of 3×10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg body weight. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups: Group 10 - patients who received a single daily dose of 10μg G-CSF/kg body weight and Group 15 - patients who received a fractioned dose of 15μg G-CSF/kg body weight daily. The leukapheresis procedure was carried out in an automated cell separator. The autologous transplantation was carried out when a minimum number of 3×10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg body weight was achieved. RESULTS Group 10 comprised 39 patients and Group 15 comprised 26 patients. A total of 146 apheresis procedures were performed: 110 (75.3%) for Group 10 and 36 (24.7%) for Group 15. For Group 10, a median of three (range: 1-7) leukapheresis procedures and a mean of 8.89×10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg body weight (±9.59) were collected whereas for Group 15 the corresponding values were one (range: 1-3) and 5.29×10(6) cells/kg body weight (±4.95). A statistically significant difference was found in relation to the number of apheresis procedures (p-value <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS To collect a minimum target of 3×10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg body weight, the administration of a fractionated dose of 15μg G-CSF/kg body weight significantly decreased the number of leukapheresis procedures performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Aparecida de Brito Eid
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Simone Dos Santos Aguiar
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Lim SS, Kook SH, Bhattarai G, Cho ES, Seo YK, Lee JC. Local delivery of COMP-angiopoietin 1 accelerates new bone formation in rat calvarial defects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2942-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Saeng Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences; Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences; Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research; Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
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Garcia NP, de Leon EB, da Costa AG, Tarragô AM, Pimentel JP, Fraporti L, de Araujo FF, Campos FMF, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Malheiro A. Kinetics of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells mobilization by G-CSF and its impact on the cytokine microenvironment in primary cultures. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Masuya M, Shiraki K, Sugimoto K, Yamamoto N, Yoneda M, Kanayama K, Nishikawa K, Ino K, Tawara I, Ohishi K, Sakurai H, Usui M, Shiraishi T, Isaji S, Takei Y, Katayama N. Splenectomy increases the number of circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:E376-E385. [PMID: 24612092 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The spleen is not believed to contribute to hematopoiesis in healthy adults. However, several reports have demonstrated that the spleen in adults contains a large number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC). Although splenectomy increases platelet and leukocyte counts, the effects of splenectomy on circulating HSC have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the association between the number of circulating HSC and splenectomy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS In 48 patients with various stages of HCV-associated chronic liver disease and seven patients with LC who underwent splenectomy, and 10 healthy volunteers, we determined the numbers of circulating CD34+ cells and colony-forming unit culture by flow cytometry and methylcellulose culture, respectively. Plasma stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The numbers of circulating CD34+ cells and colony-forming unit culture decreased but the plasma SDF-1α concentration increased with the progression of liver disease. There was an inverse correlation between the number of circulating HSC and the plasma SDF-1α concentration. The numbers of circulating HSC and platelets were determined before and after splenectomy in seven patients with LC. In these patients, the numbers of circulating HSC and platelets increased significantly after splenectomy and the enhancing effect persisted for a long time. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the spleen plays an important role in modulating HSC dynamics in patients with HCV-associated chronic liver disease. Our results also imply that splenectomy may improve liver function in patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Masuya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Shinozuka K, Dailey T, Tajiri N, Ishikawa H, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. Stem cell transplantation for neuroprotection in stroke. Brain Sci 2014; 3:239-61. [PMID: 24147217 PMCID: PMC3800120 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for stroke have expanded substantially over the last decade. The diversity of embryonic and adult tissue sources provides researchers with the ability to harvest an ample supply of stem cells. However, the optimal conditions of stem cell use are still being determined. Along this line of the need for optimization studies, we discuss studies that demonstrate effective dose, timing, and route of stem cells. We recognize that stem cell derivations also provide uniquely individual difficulties and limitations in their therapeutic applications. This review will outline the current knowledge, including benefits and challenges, of the many current sources of stem cells for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-3988; Fax: +1-813-974-3078
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Watson L, Elliman SJ, Coleman CM. From isolation to implantation: a concise review of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in bone fracture repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:51. [PMID: 25099622 PMCID: PMC4055164 DOI: 10.1186/scrt439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised bone-regenerating capability following a long bone fracture is often the result of reduced host bone marrow (BM) progenitor cell numbers and efficacy. Without surgical intervention, these malunions result in mobility restrictions, deformities, and disability. The clinical application of BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a feasible, minimally invasive therapeutic option to treat non-union fractures. This review focuses on novel, newly identified cell surface markers in both the mouse and human enabling the isolation and purification of osteogenic progenitor cells as well as their direct and indirect contributions to fracture repair upon administration. Furthermore, clinical success to date is summarized with commentary on autologous versus allogeneic cell sources and the methodology of cell administration. Given our clinical success to date in combination with recent advances in the identification, isolation, and mechanism of action of MSCs, there is a significant opportunity to develop improved technologies for defining therapeutic MSCs and potential to critically inform future clinical strategies for MSC-based bone regeneration.
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Kwak JY. Fucoidan as a marine anticancer agent in preclinical development. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:851-70. [PMID: 24477286 PMCID: PMC3944519 DOI: 10.3390/md12020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds, crude extracts of which are commercially available as nutritional supplements. Recent studies have demonstrated antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and anticancer properties of fucoidan in vitro. Accordingly, the anticancer effects of fucoidan have been shown to vary depending on its structure, while it can target multiple receptors or signaling molecules in various cell types, including tumor cells and immune cells. Low toxicity and the in vitro effects of fucoidan mentioned above make it a suitable agent for cancer prevention or treatment. However, preclinical development of natural marine products requires in vivo examination of purified compounds in animal tumor models. This review discusses the effects of systemic and local administration of fucoidan on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune reaction and whether in vivo and in vitro results are likely applicable to the development of fucoidan as a marine anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-714, Korea.
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Asghari S, Shekari Khaniani M, Darabi M, Mansoori Derakhshan S. Cloning of Soluble Human Stem Cell Factor in pET-26b(+) Vector. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:91-5. [PMID: 24409415 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stem cell factor (SCF) plays an important role in the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. Potential therapeutic applications of SCF include hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, exvivo stem/progenitor cell expansion, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Considering the cost and problem in accessibility of this product in Iran, clears the importance of indigenizing production of rhSCF. In the present work, we describe the construction of the soluble rhSCF expression vector in pET-26b (+) with periplasmic localization potential. METHODS Following PCR amplification of human SCF ORF, it is cloned in pET-26b (+) vector in NcoI and XhoI sites. The recombinant construct was transformed into BL21 (DE3) Ecoli strains. RESULTS The construction of recombinant vector was verified by colony PCR and sequence analysis of pET26b-hSCF vector. Sequence analyses proved that human SCF ORF has been inserted into NcoI and XhoI site with correct orientation downstream of strong T7 promotor and showed no nucleotide errors. CONCLUSION The SCF ORF was successfully cloned in pET-26b (+) expression vector and is ready for future production of SCF protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Asghari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masood Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
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Chemokine receptor modeling: an interdisciplinary approach to drug design. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:91-114. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are integral components of the immune response, regulating lymphocyte development, homing and trafficking, and playing a key role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Chemokine receptors have, therefore, become the target for both small-molecule, peptide and antibody therapeutics. Chemokine receptors belong to the family of seven transmembrane receptor class A G protein-coupled receptors. The publication of the crystal structure of the archetypal class A seven transmembrane receptor protein rhodopsin, and other G protein-coupled receptors, including C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and C-C chemokine receptor 5, provided the opportunity to create homology models of chemokine receptors. In this review, we describe an interdisciplinary approach to chemokine receptor modeling and the utility of this approach for structure-based drug design of chemokine receptor inhibitors.
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Marsell R, Steen B, Bais MV, Mortlock DP, Einhorn TA, Gerstenfeld LC. Skeletal trauma generates systemic BMP2 activation that is temporally related to the mobilization of CD73+ cells. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:17-23. [PMID: 24018651 PMCID: PMC4263190 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between BMP2 expression and the recruitment of skeletogenic stem cells was assessed following bone marrow reaming. BMP2 expression was examined using transgenic mice in which β-galactosidase had been inserted into the coding region of BMP2. Stem cell mobilization was analyzed by FACS analysis using CD73, a marker associated with bone marrow stromal stem cells. BMP2 expression was induced in endosteal lining cells, cortical osteocytes and periosteal cells in both the reamed and in contralateral bones. BMP2 mRNA expression in the reamed bone showed an early peak within the first 24 h of reaming followed by a later peak at 7 days, while contralateral bones only showed the 7 days peak of expression. FACS analysis sorting on CD73 positive cells showed a 50% increase of these cells at 3 and 14 days in the marrow of the injured bone and a single peak at 14 days of the marrow cell population of the contralateral bone. A ∼20% increase of CD73 positive cells was seen in the peripheral blood 2 days after reaming. These data showed that traumatic bone injury caused a systemic induction of BMP2 expression and that this increase is correlated with the mobilization of CD73 positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Marsell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Brandon Steen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Manish V Bais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas A Einhorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, 02118, Massachusetts
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76
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Karpova D, Dauber K, Spohn G, Chudziak D, Wiercinska E, Schulz M, Pettit AR, Levesque JP, Romagnoli B, Patel K, Chevalier E, Dembowsky K, Bonig H. The novel CXCR4 antagonist POL5551 mobilizes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with greater efficiency than Plerixafor. Leukemia 2013; 27:2322-31. [PMID: 24072044 PMCID: PMC3865534 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobilized blood has supplanted bone marrow (BM) as the primary source of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pharmacologically enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells from BM, or mobilization, has been achieved by directly or indirectly targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Shortcomings of the standard mobilizing agent, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), administered alone or in combination with the only approved CXCR4 antagonist, Plerixafor, continue to fuel the quest for new mobilizing agents. Using Protein Epitope Mimetics technology, a novel peptidic CXCR4 antagonist, POL5551, was developed. In vitro data presented herein indicate high affinity to and specificity for CXCR4. POL5551 exhibited rapid mobilization kinetics and unprecedented efficiency in C57BL/6 mice, exceeding that of Plerixafor and at higher doses also of G-CSF. POL5551-mobilized stem cells demonstrated adequate transplantation properties. In contrast to G-CSF, POL5551 did not induce major morphological changes in the BM of mice. Moreover, we provide evidence of direct POL5551 binding to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vivo, strengthening the hypothesis that CXCR4 antagonists mediate mobilization by direct targeting of HSPCs. In summary, POL5551 is a potent mobilizing agent for HSPCs in mice with promising therapeutic potential if these data can be corroborated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karpova
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Dauber
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Spohn
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Chudziak
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Wiercinska
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A R Pettit
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Levesque
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - K Patel
- Polyphor Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - H Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Service, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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77
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Abstract
With a constellation of stem cell sources available, researchers hope to utilize their potential for cellular repair as a therapeutic target for disease. However, many lab-to-clinic translational considerations must be given in determining their efficacy, variables such as the host response, effects on native tissue, and potential for generating tumors. This review will discuss the current knowledge of stem cell research in neurological disease, mainly stroke, with a focus on the benefits, limitations, and clinical potential.
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78
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Tesio M, Oser GM, Baccelli I, Blanco-Bose W, Wu H, Göthert JR, Kogan SC, Trumpp A. Pten loss in the bone marrow leads to G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2337-49. [PMID: 24127490 PMCID: PMC3804947 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the phosphatase and tumor suppressor gene PTEN induces G-CSF production in myeloid and stromal cells, thereby promoting HSCs mobilization from the bone marrow to the spleen and the initiation of lethal leukemia. The phosphatase and tumor suppressor PTEN inhibits the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway and plays a key role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and migration. Pten conditional deletion using MxCre or Scl-CreERT leads to splenomegaly and leukemia formation, which occurs after the relocation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the bone marrow to the spleen. Unexpectedly, dormant HSCs in the bone marrow do not enter the cell cycle upon Pten loss, they do not lose self-renewal activity, and they are not exhausted. Instead, Pten deficiency causes an up-regulation of the PI3K pathway in myeloid cells, but not in HSCs. Strikingly, myeloid cells secrete high levels of G-CSF upon Pten loss, leading to the mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow and accumulation in the spleen. After deletion of Pten in mice lacking G-CSF, the splenomegaly, myeloproliferative disease, and splenic HSC accumulation are rescued. Our data show that although PTEN has little if any role in normal HSCs, it is essential to prevent overt G-CSF production by myeloid and stromal cells which otherwise causes HSCs to relocate to the spleen followed by lethal leukemia initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Tesio
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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79
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Miszti-Blasius K, Felszeghy S, Kiss C, Benkő I, Géresi K, Megyeri A, Hevessy Z, Kappelmayer J. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 deficiency augments G-CSF induced myeloid cell mobilization. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:109-18. [PMID: 24091681 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was investigated in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) deficient (PSGL-1(-/-)) and wild-type (PSGL-1(+/+)) mice to establish the role of this mucin in myeloid cell mobilization. G-CSF activates tissue proteases that cleave adhesion molecules, thus enhances the mobilization of myeloid cells and haematopoietic stem cells. Cytopenia was induced with a single dose of cyclophosphamide. In PSGL-1(-/-) animals, we observed a delayed extravasation of mature myeloid cells from the peripheral vessels into the tissue compartments and their faster mobilization from the bone marrow. Subsequently, animals received G-CSF twice a day for 4 days. Neutrophil and monocyte counts increased upon completion of G-CSF treatment and both values were significantly higher in PSGL-1(-/-) mice; 47.7 versus 28.3 G/l for neutrophils and 4.1 versus 2.0 G/l for monocytes. The ratio of atypical myeloid cells was also elevated. Analyzing the causes of the above differences, we identified a 4-fold increase in the colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) counts of the peripheral blood in PSGL-1(-/-) mice, compared to wild-type animals. A significantly elevated number of CFU-GM was detected also in the femurs of PSGL-1(-/-) mice, 4 and 5 days after cyclophosphamide treatment and these values paralleled with the elevation of CD34+/CD117+ stem cell counts in the peripheral blood. Our data suggest, that in the absence of PSGL-1, G-CSF was more potent in elevating absolute myeloid cell numbers by acting on cell release from the bone marrow, maturation from circulating precursor cells in the peripheral blood and prolonged retainment in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Miszti-Blasius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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80
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Cojoc M, Peitzsch C, Trautmann F, Polishchuk L, Telegeev GD, Dubrovska A. Emerging targets in cancer management: role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1347-61. [PMID: 24124379 PMCID: PMC3794844 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its cell surface receptor CXCR4 were first identified as regulators of lymphocyte trafficking to the bone marrow. Soon after, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was proposed to regulate the trafficking of breast cancer cells to sites of metastasis. More recently, it was established that CXCR4 plays a central role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and dissemination in the majority of malignant diseases. The stem cell concept of cancer has revolutionized the understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence indicates that a subset of cancer cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), plays a critical role in tumor initiation, metastatic colonization, and resistance to therapy. Although the signals generated by the metastatic niche that regulate CSCs are not yet fully understood, accumulating evidence suggests a key role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. In this review we focus on physiological functions of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway and its role in cancer and CSCs, and we discuss the potential for targeting this pathway in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cojoc
- OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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81
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Dynamic Cross Talk between S1P and CXCL12 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cells Migration, Development and Bone Remodeling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1145-69. [PMID: 24276423 PMCID: PMC3818832 DOI: 10.3390/ph6091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mostly retained in a quiescent non-motile mode in their bone marrow (BM) niches, shifting to a migratory cycling and differentiating state to replenish the blood with mature leukocytes on demand. The balance between the major chemo-attractants CXCL12, predominantly in the BM, and S1P, mainly in the blood, dynamically regulates HSC recruitment to the circulation versus their retention in the BM. During alarm situations, stress-signals induce a decrease in CXCL12 levels in the BM, while S1P levels are rapidly and transiently increased in the circulation, thus favoring mobilization of stem cells as part of host defense and repair mechanisms. Myeloid cytokines, including G-CSF, up-regulate S1P signaling in the BM via the PI3K pathway. Induced CXCL12 secretion from stromal cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased S1P1 expression and ROS signaling in HSCs, all facilitate mobilization. Bone turnover is also modulated by both CXCL12 and S1P, regulating the dynamic BM stromal microenvironment, osteoclasts and stem cell niches which all functionally express CXCL12 and S1P receptors. Overall, CXCL12 and S1P levels in the BM and circulation are synchronized to mutually control HSC motility, leukocyte production and osteoclast/osteoblast bone turnover during homeostasis and stress situations.
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82
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Oñate B, Vilahur G, Camino-López S, Díez-Caballero A, Ballesta-López C, Ybarra J, Moscatiello F, Herrero J, Badimon L. Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue of obese patients show changes in their transcriptomic profile that indicate loss in stemcellness and increased commitment to an adipocyte-like phenotype. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:625. [PMID: 24040759 PMCID: PMC3848661 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipose tissue is an endocrine regulator and a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease when by excessive accumulation induces obesity. Although the adipose tissue is also a reservoir for stem cells (ASC) their function and "stemcellness" has been questioned. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity affects subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) stem cells. RESULTS Transcriptomics, in silico analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blots were performed on isolated stem cells from subcutaneous abdominal WAT of morbidly obese patients (ASCmo) and of non-obese individuals (ASCn). ASCmo and ASCn gene expression clustered separately from each other. ASCmo showed downregulation of "stemness" genes and upregulation of adipogenic and inflammatory genes with respect to ASCn. Moreover, the application of bioinformatics and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that the transcription factor Smad3 was tentatively affected in obese ASCmo. Validation of this target confirmed a significantly reduced Smad3 nuclear translocation in the isolated ASCmo. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomic profile of the stem cells reservoir in obese subcutaneous WAT is highly modified with significant changes in genes regulating stemcellness, lineage commitment and inflammation. In addition to body mass index, cardiovascular risk factor clustering further affect the ASC transcriptomic profile inducing loss of multipotency and, hence, capacity for tissue repair. In summary, the stem cells in the subcutaneous WAT niche of obese patients are already committed to adipocyte differentiation and show an upregulated inflammatory gene expression associated to their loss of stemcellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Oñate
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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83
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Exploiting human CD34+ stem cell-conditioned medium for tissue repair. Mol Ther 2013; 22:149-59. [PMID: 23985698 PMCID: PMC3978788 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in our understanding of genes essential for stem cell regulation and development, little is known about the factors secreted by stem cells and their effect on tissue regeneration. In particular, the factors secreted by human CD34+ cells remain to be elucidated. We have approached this challenge by performing a cytokine/growth factor microarray analysis of secreted soluble factors in medium conditioned by adherent human CD34+ cells. Thirty-two abundantly secreted factors have been identified, all of which are associated with cell proliferation, survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. The cultured CD34+ cells expressed known stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, c-kit, and HoxB4. The conditioned medium containing the secreted factors prevented cell death in liver cells exposed to liver toxin in vitro via inhibition of the caspase-3 signaling pathway. More importantly, in vivo studies using animal models of liver damage demonstrated that injection of the conditioned medium could repair damaged liver tissue (significant reduction in the necroinflammatory activity), as well as enable the animals to survive. Thus, we demonstrate that medium conditioned by human CD34+ cells has the potential for therapeutic repair of damaged tissue in vivo.
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84
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Fricker SP. Physiology and pharmacology of plerixafor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:237-45. [PMID: 24179472 DOI: 10.1159/000354132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The primary source of HSC is from the peripheral blood which requires mobilization from the bone marrow. Current mobilization regimens include cytokines such as G-CSF and/or chemotherapy. However not all patients mobilize enough HSC to proceed to transplant. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 are an integral part of the mechanism of HSC retention in the bone marrow niche. The discovery of plerixafor, a selective inhibitor of CXCR4, has provided a new additional means of mobilizing HSC for autologous transplantation. Plerixafor consists of two cyclam rings with a phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It inhibits CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 and subsequent downstream events including chemotaxis. The molecular interactions of plerixafor have been defined indicating a unique binding mode to CXCR4. Plerixafor rapidly mobilizes HSC within hours compared with the multi-day treatment required by G-CSF in mouse, dog and non-human primate. The mobilized cells once transplanted are capable of timely and endurable engraftment. Additionally CXCR4 has been implicated in the pathology of HIV, inflammatory disease and cancer and the pharmacology of plerixafor in various disease models is described.
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85
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86
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Yu X, Lu C, Liu H, Rao S, Cai J, Liu S, Kriegel AJ, Greene AS, Liang M, Ding X. Hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cell migration and enhances therapy for treatment of ischemic acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62703. [PMID: 23671625 PMCID: PMC3650042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration is known to enhance the recovery of the kidney following injury. Here we tested the potential of hypoxic-preconditioned-MSC transplantation to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy on acute kidney injury (AKI) by improving MSC migration to the injured kidney. Cobalt was used as hypoxia mimetic preconditioning (HMP). MSC were subjected to HMP through 24 h culture in 200 µmol/L cobalt. Compared to normoxia cultured MSC (NP-MSC), HMP significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α and CXCR4 in MSC and enhanced the migration of MSC in vitro. This effect was lost when MSC were treated with siRNA targeting HIF-1α or CXCR4 antagonist. SPIO labeled MSC were administered to rats with I/R injury followed immediately by magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging clearly showed that HMP-MSC exhibited greater migration and a longer retention time in the ischemic kidney than NP-MSC. Histological evaluation showed more HMP-MSC in the glomerular capillaries of ischemic kidneys than in the kidneys receiving NP-MSC. Occasional tubules showed iron labeling in the HMP group, while no tubules had iron labeling in NP group, indicating the possibility of tubular transdifferentiation after HMP. These results were also confirmed by fluorescence microscopy study using CM-DiI labeling. The increased recruitment of HMP-MSC was associated with reduced kidney injury and enhanced functional recovery. This effect was also related to the increased paracrine action by HMP-MSC. Thus we suggest that by enhancing MSC migration and prolonging kidney retention, hypoxic preconditioning of MSC may be a useful approach for developing AKI cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XD); (XY)
| | - Chunlai Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alison J. Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Greene
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Minyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XD); (XY)
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87
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Steinl C, Essl M, Schreiber TD, Geiger K, Prokop L, Stevanović S, Pötz O, Abele H, Wessels JT, Aicher WK, Klein G. Release of matrix metalloproteinase-8 during physiological trafficking and induced mobilization of human hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1307-18. [PMID: 23259856 PMCID: PMC3629847 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the release of proteases, including the gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, from mature granulocytes plays a crucial role in cytokine-induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization. However, studies with MMP-9-deficient mice revealed that HSPC mobilization was normal in these animals, suggesting that additional proteases must be active at clinically relevant cytokine concentrations. In the present study, we provide evidence that the collagenase MMP-8 is involved in stem cell mobilization. A rapid release of MMP-8 from isolated neutrophil granulocytes can be observed during an in vitro culture. During granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced HSPC mobilization, highly elevated serum concentrations of MMP-8 were observed on days 4 to 6 of the mobilization regimen, concomitantly with elevated MMP-9 serum levels and higher numbers of circulating CD34(+) cells. Elevated serum concentrations of both proteases were also found in umbilical cord blood serum. In functional assays, adhesion of HSPC to osteoblasts as an essential component of the endosteal stem cell niche is negatively influenced by MMP-8. The chemokine CXCL12, which is critically involved in stem cell trafficking, can be proteolytically processed by MMP-8 treatment. This degradation has a strong inhibitory influence on HSPC migration. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that MMP-8 can be directly involved in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Steinl
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, University Medical Clinic, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mike Essl
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, University Medical Clinic, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas D. Schreiber
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Geiger
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, University Medical Clinic, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea Prokop
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Pötz
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Harald Abele
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes T. Wessels
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Clinic, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Klein
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, University Medical Clinic, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Singh A, Morris RJ. Innate immunity and the regulation and mobilization of keratinocyte stem cells: are the old players playing a new game? Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:660-4. [PMID: 22897573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides an anatomical barrier to physical, chemical and biological agents. Hence, it is not surprising that it has well-developed innate immunity. What we find surprising is that the CD49f(+) /CD34(+) hair follicle stem cells should have an enriched expression profile of so many genes involved in innate immunity. Do these stem cells require extra protection from environmental insults? Or, could there be a new role for these genes? To probe these questions, we first summarize the roles of some key players in epidermal innate immunity. We next focus on their expression in CD49f(+) /CD34(+) hair follicle stem cells. Then, we consider recent data suggesting a new role for these 'old players' in the regulation and mobilization of haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we hypothesize that the 'old players' in these hair follicle stem cells may be playing a 'new game'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Singh
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN55912, USA
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89
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Chow S, Lazo-Langner A, Ormond G, Howson-Jan K, Xenocostas A. Predictors of unsuccessful mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alone in patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Apher 2013; 28:285-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Signy Chow
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology; University of Western Ontario; London; Ontario; Canada
| | | | - George Ormond
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology; University of Western Ontario; London; Ontario; Canada
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90
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Abusin GA, Abu-Arja RF, Gingrich RD, Silverman MD, Zamba GKD, Schlueter AJ. An algorithm for utilizing peripheral blood CD34 count as a predictor of the need for plerixafor in autologous stem cell mobilization--cost-effectiveness analysis. J Clin Apher 2013; 28:293-300. [PMID: 23426644 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Certain patients who receive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) for autologous hematopoietic stem cell (AHSC) collection fail to mobilize well enough to proceed with transplant. When plerixafor is used with GCSF, the likelihood of achieving the CD34⁺ stem cell target in fewer collections is higher; plerixafor use in all patients is unlikely to be cost-effective. This study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of utilizing a peripheral blood CD34⁺ stem cell count (PBCD34) ≤8/µL on day 4 of GCSF-based AHSC mobilization as a threshold for plerixafor administration, and compared the efficacy of collection and cost analysis using historical controls. All patients in the study cohort reached their CD34⁺ targets in ≤3 collections. Significantly more patients who received plerixafor + GCSF versus GCSF alone reached their CD34⁺ target in one collection (P = 0.045); however, there were no significant differences in the number of collections or in cumulative product yields. The historical cohort had 10.3% mobilization failures; the number of collections per patient needed to reach the target was significantly higher in the historical cohort versus study cohort (P = 0.001) as was the number of patients requiring more than one collection to reach their target (P = 0.023). However, the average cost per patient was also significantly higher in the study cohort (P = 0.025). Further refinement of the algorithm may reduce the difference in cost between the two mobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abusin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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91
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Tanhehco YC, Vogl DT, Stadtmauer EA, O'Doherty U. The evolving role of plerixafor in hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization. Transfusion 2013; 53:2314-26. [PMID: 23362980 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of plerixafor as a peripheral blood stem cell mobilization agent has allowed more patients with multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease to mobilize sufficient hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to proceed to autologous transplantation. Because of the high cost of plerixafor, it is not routinely used in all patients undergoing HPC mobilization. If cost were not an issue, an argument could be made that plerixafor could be added to every mobilization regimen, but cost is an issue so in an attempt to be more cost-effective, many centers have limited plerixafor use to patients who have failed or who are predicted to fail collection of adequate numbers of cells by other methods. Additionally, plerixafor is now under investigation both for HPC collection of healthy donors for allogeneic stem cell transplantation and as an adjunct therapy (i.e., chemosensitizing agent) for acute leukemias. This article briefly reviews the role of plerixafor in autologous and allogeneic transplantation as well as its emerging role in the treatment of acute leukemias. Emphasis is placed on the choice of appropriate patients for plerixafor use to assure an adequate stem cell yield while maximizing the cost effectiveness of using plerixafor. The role of prophylactic collections and future areas of research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Tanhehco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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92
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Diker-Cohen T, Uziel O, Szyper-Kravitz M, Shapira H, Natur A, Lahav M. The effect of chemotherapy on telomere dynamics: clinical results and possible mechanisms. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2023-9. [PMID: 23240911 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.757765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are the chromosomal end components, and their length in hematopoietic stem cells correlates with the bone marrow proliferative reserve. There are few data regarding telomere dynamics in hematopoietic stem cells after exposure to chemotherapy. We show that the attrition of telomeres after cytotoxic treatment correlates with the intensity of chemotherapy. Using cytotoxic drugs with differential effects on hematopoietic stem cells, our data imply that chemotherapy-induced telomere shortening results from direct damage to hematopoietic stem cells and/or the induction of proliferative stress on bone marrow while sparing repopulating stem cells. These results gain importance considering the current long survival of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Diker-Cohen
- Medicine A, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva, Israel
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93
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Kaneko Y, Tajiri N, Shinozuka K, Glover LE, Weinbren NL, Cortes L, Borlongan CV. Cell therapy for stroke: emphasis on optimizing safety and efficacy profile of endothelial progenitor cells. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:3731-4. [PMID: 22574986 DOI: 10.2174/138161212802002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) correspond to a population of cells with novel properties capable of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, thus they are likely to display unique role in the reconstitution of the blood brain barrier (BBB) after stroke. Laboratory evidence supports safety and efficacy of cell therapy for stroke, with limited clinical trials recently initiated. This lab-to-clinic ascent of cell-based therapeutics has been aided by the establishment of consortium consisting of thought-leaders from academia, industry, National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, there remain unanswered questions prior to realization of large-scale application of cell transplantation in patients. This review article discusses translational challenges associated in cell therapy, emphasizing the need for optimizing both safety and efficacy profiles for advancing the clinical applications of EPC transplantation for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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94
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Matheeussen V, Jungraithmayr W, De Meester I. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 as a therapeutic target in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:267-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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95
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The plasminogen system in regulating stem cell mobilization. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:437920. [PMID: 23118508 PMCID: PMC3478786 DOI: 10.1155/2012/437920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients with hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HPSCs) to reconstitute hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy or to repair ischemia after myocardial infarction has significantly improved clinical outcomes. Successful blood or bone marrow transplants require a sufficient number of HPSCs capable of homing to the injured site to regenerate tissue. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely used clinically for stem cell mobilization. However, in some patients the response is poor, thus a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying G-CSF-regulated stem cell mobilization is needed. The pasminogen (Plg) system is the primary fibrinolytic pathway responsible for clot dissolution after thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests that Plg plays a pivotal role in stem cell mobilization from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation, particularly in HPSC mobilization in response to G-CSF. This paper will discuss the potential mechanisms by which the Plg system regulates stem cell mobilization, focusing on stepwise proteolysis and signal transduction during HPSC egress from their bone marrow niche. Clear elucidation of the underlying mechanisms may lead to the development of new Plg-based therapeutic strategies to improve stem cell mobilization in treating hematological and cardiovascular diseases.
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96
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Torregroza I, Holtzinger A, Mendelson K, Liu TC, Hla T, Evans T. Regulation of a vascular plexus by gata4 is mediated in zebrafish through the chemokine sdf1a. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46844. [PMID: 23056483 PMCID: PMC3463525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the zebrafish model we describe a previously unrecognized requirement for the transcription factor gata4 controlling embryonic angiogenesis. The development of a vascular plexus in the embryonic tail, the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), fails in embryos depleted of gata4. Rather than forming a normal vascular plexus, the CHT of gata4 morphants remains fused, and cells in the CHT express high levels of osteogenic markers ssp1 and runx1. Definitive progenitors emerge from the hemogenic aortic endothelium, but fail to colonize the poorly vascularized CHT. We also found abnormal patterns and levels for the chemokine sdf1a in gata4 morphants, which was found to be functionally relevant, since the embryos also show defects in development of the lateral line, a mechano-sensory organ system highly dependent on a gradient of sdf1a levels. Reduction of sdf1a levels was sufficient to rescue lateral line development, circulation, and CHT morphology. The result was surprising since neither gata4 nor sdf1a is obviously expressed in the CHT. Therefore, we generated transgenic fish that conditionally express a dominant-negative gata4 isoform, and determined that gata4 function is required during gastrulation, when it is co-expressed with sdf1a in lateral mesoderm. Our study shows that the gata4 gene regulates sdf1a levels during early embryogenesis, which impacts embryonic patterning and subsequently the development of the caudal vascular plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Torregroza
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Audrey Holtzinger
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen Mendelson
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ting-Chun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy Hla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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97
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Trotta T, Di Gioia S, Piro D, Lepore S, Cantatore S, Porro C, Castellani S, Petrella A, Fortunato F, Maffione AB, Conese M. Effect of acute lung injury on VLA-4 and CXCR4 expression in resident and circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 85:252-64. [PMID: 23018206 DOI: 10.1159/000341172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of acute lung injury on adhesion molecule expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship -between pulmonary inflammation, expression of VLA-4 (CD49d), LFA-1 (CD11a), L-selectin (CD62L), CXCR4, and chemotaxis in resident HSPCs, as well as the level of circulating HSPCs. METHODS Following intratracheal administration of a single LPS bolus in C57Bl/6 mice, the number of inflammatory cells, differential counts, and amounts of cytokines/ chemokines were studied in cytospins and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens. Expressions of adhesion -molecules and CXCR4 were analyzed in HSPCs by flow cytometry, as well as SDF-1-directed chemotaxis. Levels of HSPCs in the blood were studied in ungated and circulating subpopulations. RESULTS In coincidence with a peak of airway neutrophils, cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), chemokine (KC, MIP-2, and SDF-1) levels in BALF and the number of marrow HSPCs expressing CD49d and CXCR4 significantly increased at 48 h. The number of CD49d- and CXCR4-positive HSPCs dropped at 72 h. The HSPC subset comprising bigger cells behaved the same for CD49d. Chemotaxis of the marrow HSPC subset of bigger cells was higher in LPS-treated animals than in controls at 72 h. Finally, we could detect a significant decrease in circulating Sca-1(+) cells in the mononuclear population at 72 h in LPS-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for a temporal relationship between pulmonary inflammation, CD49d and CXCR4 expression fluctuation in resident HSPCs, and the level of circulating HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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98
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Shiozawa Y, Taichman RS. Getting blood from bone: an emerging understanding of the role that osteoblasts play in regulating hematopoietic stem cells within their niche. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:685-94. [PMID: 22640993 PMCID: PMC3419274 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood and bone are dynamic tissues that are continuously renewed throughout life. Early observations based upon the proximity of bone and hematopoietic progenitor populations in marrow suggested that interactions between skeletal and hematopoietic elements are likely to be crucial in the development and function of each system. As a result of these morphologic observations, several groups have demonstrated that the osteoblasts play an important role in hematopoiesis by serving as a specific local microenvironment, or niche, for hematopoietic stem cells. Significant new developments in this area of active investigation have emerged since our last examination of this area in 2005. Here we discuss these new insights into the function and morphology of the hematopoietic stem cell niche, with a particular focus on cells of the osteoblastic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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99
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Krishnamachary B, Penet MF, Nimmagadda S, Mironchik Y, Raman V, Solaiyappan M, Semenza GL, Pomper MG, Bhujwalla ZM. Hypoxia regulates CD44 and its variant isoforms through HIF-1α in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44078. [PMID: 22937154 PMCID: PMC3429433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD44 transmembrane glycoproteins play multifaceted roles in tumor progression and metastasis. CD44 expression has also been associated with stem-like breast cancer cells. Hypoxia commonly occurs in tumors and is a major cause of radiation and chemo-resistance. Hypoxia is known to inhibit differentiation and facilitates invasion and metastasis. Here we have investigated the effect of hypoxia on CD44 and two of its isoforms in MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149 triple negative human breast cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 tumors using imaging and molecular characterization. METHODS AND FINDINGS The roles of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in regulating the expression of CD44 and its variant isoforms (CD44v6, CD44v7/8) were investigated in human breast cancer cells, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine mRNA levels, and fluorescence associated cell sorting (FACS) to determine cell surface expression of CD44, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In vivo imaging studies with tumor xenografts derived from MDA-MD-231 cells engineered to express tdTomato red fluorescence protein under regulation of hypoxia response elements identified co-localization between hypoxic fluorescent regions and increased concentration of (125)I-radiolabeled CD44 antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified HIF-1α as a regulator of CD44 that increased the number of CD44 molecules and the percentage of CD44 positive cells expressing variant exons v6 and v7/8 in breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Data from these cell studies were further supported by in vivo observations that hypoxic tumor regions contained cells with a higher concentration of CD44 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnamachary
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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100
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Global Transcriptional Analysis for Biomarker Discovery and Validation in Cellular Therapies. Mol Diagn Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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