51
|
Kalili KM, Vestner J, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Toward Unraveling Grape Tannin Composition: Application of Online Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography × Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Grape Seed Analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9107-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401896r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathithileni M. Kalili
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
| | - Jochen Vestner
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
- Hochschule Geisenheim University, Center of Analytical
Chemistry and Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Maria A. Stander
- Stellenbosch University, Central Analytical Facility, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Biochemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Western Cape 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Kalili KM, de Villiers A. Systematic optimisation and evaluation of on-line, off-line and stop-flow comprehensive hydrophilic interaction chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatographic analysis of procyanidins. Part II: Application to cocoa procyanidins. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
53
|
Ananingsih VK, Sharma A, Zhou W. Green tea catechins during food processing and storage: A review on stability and detection. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
54
|
Khoddami A, Wilkes MA, Roberts TH. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules 2013; 18:2328-75. [PMID: 23429347 PMCID: PMC6270361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18022328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are well-known phytochemicals found in all plants. They consist of simple phenols, benzoic and cinnamic acid, coumarins, tannins, lignins, lignans and flavonoids. Substantial developments in research focused on the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds as medicinal and/or dietary molecules have occurred over the last 25 years. Organic solvent extraction is the main method used to extract phenolics. Chemical procedures are used to detect the presence of total phenolics, while spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques are utilized to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds. This review addresses the application of different methodologies utilized in the analysis of phenolic compounds in plant-based products, including recent technical developments in the quantification of phenolics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Meredith A. Wilkes
- Department of Plant and Food Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Thomas H. Roberts
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-2-8627-1042; Fax: +61-2-8627-1099
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Recent Applications of Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Grape and Wine Polyphenols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/813563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are the principal compounds associated with health benefic effects of wine consumption and in general are characterized by antioxidant activities. Mass spectrometry is shown to play a very important role in the research of polyphenols in grape and wine and for the quality control of products. The soft ionization of LC/MS makes these techniques suitable to study the structures of polyphenols and anthocyanins in grape extracts and to characterize polyphenolic derivatives formed in wines and correlated to the sensorial characteristics of the product. The coupling of the several MS techniques presented here is shown to be highly effective in structural characterization of the large number of low and high molecular weight polyphenols in grape and wine and also can be highly effective in the study of grape metabolomics.
Collapse
|
56
|
Evolution of analysis of polyhenols from grapes, wines, and extracts. Molecules 2013; 18:1076-100. [PMID: 23325097 PMCID: PMC6269677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18011076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape and wine phenolics are structurally diverse, from simple molecules to oligomers and polymers usually designated as tannins. They have an important impact on the organoleptic properties of wines, that's why their analysis and quantification are of primordial importance. The extraction of phenolics from grapes and from wines is the first step involved in the analysis. Then, several analytical methods have been developed for the determination of total content of phenolic, while chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses are continuously improved in order to achieve adequate separation of phenolic molecules, their subsequent identification and quantification. This review provides a summary of evolution of analysis of polyphenols from grapes, wines and extracts.
Collapse
|
57
|
DPPH Assay Adapted to the FIA System for the Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of Wines: Optimization of the Conditions Using the Response Surface Methodology. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
58
|
Perestrelo R, Lu Y, Santos SA, Silvestre AJ, Neto CP, Câmara JS, Rocha SM. Phenolic profile of Sercial and Tinta Negra Vitis vinifera L. grape skins by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
59
|
Di Stefano V, Avellone G, Bongiorno D, Cunsolo V, Muccilli V, Sforza S, Dossena A, Drahos L, Vékey K. Applications of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
60
|
Determination of Quercetin, Gallic Acid, Resveratrol, Catechin and Malvidin in Brazilian Wines Elaborated in the Vale do São Francisco Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction Assisted by Ultrasound and GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
61
|
Abstract
Nutritional metabolomics is rapidly maturing to use small-molecule chemical profiling to support integration of diet and nutrition in complex biosystems research. These developments are critical to facilitate transition of nutritional sciences from population-based to individual-based criteria for nutritional research, assessment, and management. This review addresses progress in making these approaches manageable for nutrition research. Important concept developments concerning the exposome, predictive health, and complex pathobiology serve to emphasize the central role of diet and nutrition in integrated biosystems models of health and disease. Improved analytic tools and databases for targeted and nontargeted metabolic profiling, along with bioinformatics, pathway mapping, and computational modeling, are now used for nutrition research on diet, metabolism, microbiome, and health associations. These new developments enable metabolome-wide association studies (MWAS) and provide a foundation for nutritional metabolomics, along with genomics, epigenomics, and health phenotyping, to support the integrated models required for personalized diet and nutrition forecasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Youngja Park
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Haminiuk CWI, Maciel GM, Plata-Oviedo MSV, Peralta RM. Phenolic compounds in fruits - an overview. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
63
|
Dambergs RG, Mercurio MD, Kassara S, Cozzolino D, Smith PA. Rapid measurement of methyl cellulose precipitable tannins using ultraviolet spectroscopy with chemometrics: application to red wine and inter-laboratory calibration transfer. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:656-664. [PMID: 22732536 DOI: 10.1366/11-06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Information relating to tannin concentration in grapes and wine is not currently available simply and rapidly enough to inform decision-making by grape growers, winemakers, and wine researchers. Spectroscopy and chemometrics have been implemented for the analysis of critical grape and wine parameters and offer a possible solution for rapid tannin analysis. We report here the development and validation of an ultraviolet (UV) spectral calibration for the prediction of tannin concentration in red wines. Such spectral calibrations reduce the time and resource requirements involved in measuring tannins. A diverse calibration set (n = 204) was prepared with samples of Australian wines of five varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Merlot, Pinot Noir, and Durif), from regions spanning the wine grape growing areas of Australia, with varying climate and soils, and with vintages ranging from 1991 to 2007. The relationship between tannin measured by the methyl cellulose precipitation (MCP) reference method at 280 nm and tannin predicted with a multiple linear regression (MLR) calibration, using ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 250, 270, 280, 290, and 315 nm, was strong (r(2)val = 0.92; SECV = 0.20 g/L). An independent validation set (n = 85) was predicted using the MLR algorithm developed with the calibration set and gave confidence in the ability to predict new samples, independent of the samples used to prepare the calibration (r(2)val = 0.94; SEP = 0.18 g/L). The MLR algorithm could also predict tannin in fermenting wines (r(2)val = 0.76; SEP = 0.18 g/L), but worked best from the second day of ferment on. This study also explored instrument-to-instrument transfer of a spectral calibration for MCP tannin. After slope and bias adjustments of the calibration, efficient calibration transfer to other laboratories was clearly demonstrated, with all instruments in the study effectively giving identical results on a transfer set.
Collapse
|
64
|
Anthocyanin identification and composition of wild Vitis spp. accessions by using LC–MS and LC–NMR. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 732:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
65
|
Delcambre A, Saucier C. Identification of new flavan-3-ol monoglycosides by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF in grapes and wine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:727-736. [PMID: 22707165 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ol monoglycosides, having four aglycons (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate monomeric units, are detected for the first time in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot grape seeds and wine. These compounds were analyzed in red wine, seed and skin extracts by electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) in negative mode. Fragment ions derived from retro-Diels Alder, heterocyclic ring fragmentation, benzofuran forming fragmentation and glycoside fragmentations were detected in targeted MS/MS mode. These compounds were not detected in skins; the comparative study showed evidence that these glycosylated compounds originate only from grape seeds. Our method allows for the identification of these glycosylated compounds based on their exact mass and their specific fragmentation pattern. However, exact glucose position on the monomeric units can not be determined. This work allowed us to partially identify 14 new flavan-3-ol monoglycosides, based on the exact mass of the molecular ions and their specific retro-Diels Alder, heterocyclic ring fragmentation, benzofuran forming fragmentation and glycoside fragmentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adéline Delcambre
- Enology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ono K, Li L, Takamura Y, Yoshiike Y, Zhu L, Han F, Mao X, Ikeda T, Takasaki JI, Nishijo H, Takashima A, Teplow DB, Zagorski MG, Yamada M. Phenolic compounds prevent amyloid β-protein oligomerization and synaptic dysfunction by site-specific binding. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14631-43. [PMID: 22393064 PMCID: PMC3340280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.325456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) is an invariant feature of Alzheimer disease (AD), and epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate consumption of foods enriched with phenolic compounds reduce the incidence of AD. We reported previously that the phenolic compounds myricetin (Myr) and rosmarinic acid (RA) inhibited Aβ aggregation in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate a mechanistic basis for these results, we analyzed the effects of five phenolic compounds in the Aβ aggregation process and in oligomer-induced synaptic toxicities. We now report that the phenolic compounds blocked Aβ oligomerization, and Myr promoted significant NMR chemical shift changes of monomeric Aβ. Both Myr and RA reduced cellular toxicity and synaptic dysfunction of the Aβ oligomers. These results suggest that Myr and RA may play key roles in blocking the toxicity and early assembly processes associated with Aβ through different binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ono
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurobiology and Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshiike
- the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science Institute, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Xian Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Tokuhei Ikeda
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurobiology and Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Takasaki
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurobiology and Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Science Institute, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and
| | - David B. Teplow
- Department of Neurology and Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael G. Zagorski
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Masahito Yamada
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurobiology and Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Emiliano AF, de Cavalho LCRM, da Silva Cristino Cordeiro V, da Costa CA, de Oliveira PBR, Queiroz EF, Col Moreira DD, Boaventura GT, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Metabolic disorders and oxidative stress programming in offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet during lactation: effects of a vinifera grape skin (ACH09) extract. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 58:319-28. [PMID: 21697730 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182244a51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera grape skin ACH09 extract (ACH09) on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in adult offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet (HF) during lactation. Four groups of female rats were fed: control diet (7% fat); ACH09 (7% fat + 200 mg·kg·d ACH09 orally); HF (24% fat); HF+ ACH09 (24% fat + 200 mg·kg·d ACH09 orally) during lactation. From weaning onward, all female offspring were fed a control diet and killed when they were 90 or 180 days old. Systolic blood pressure was increased in adult offspring of HF-fed dams, and ACH09 prevented hypertension. Increased adiposity, plasma triglyceride, glucose levels, and insulin resistance were observed in offspring from both ages, and these changes were reversed by ACH09. The plasma oxidative damage assessed by malondialdehyde levels was increased, and nitrite levels decreased in the HF group of both ages, which were reversed by ACH09. In addition, ACH09 restored the decreased plasma and mesenteric artery antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the HF group. In conclusion, ACH09 protected normally fed offspring of HF-fed dams during lactation from phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of metabolic syndrome providing an alternative nutritional resource for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
68
|
Kumar YS, Varakumar S, Reddy O. Evaluation of antioxidant and sensory properties of mango (Mangifera indicaL.) wine. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2010.530693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
69
|
Direct matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-based analysis of wine as a powerful tool for classification purposes. Talanta 2012; 91:72-6. [PMID: 22365682 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The variables affecting the direct matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-based analysis of wine for classification purposes have been studied. The type of matrix, the number of bottles of wine, the number of technical replicates and the number of spots used for the sample analysis have been carefully assessed to obtain the best classification possible. Ten different algorithms have been assessed as classification tools using the experimental data collected after the analysis of fourteen types of wine. The best matrix was found to be α-Cyano with a sample to matrix ratio of 1:0.75. To correctly classify the wines, profiling a minimum of five bottles per type of wine is suggested, with a minimum of three MALDI spot replicates for each bottle. The best algorithm to classify the wines was found to be Bayes Net.
Collapse
|
70
|
Pattern recognition of three Vitis vinifera L. red grapes varieties based on anthocyanin and flavonol profiles, with correlations between their biosynthesis pathways. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
71
|
Porgalı E, Büyüktuncel E. Determination of phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of native red wines by high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
72
|
|
73
|
Mateos-Martín ML, Fuguet E, Quero C, Pérez-Jiménez J, Torres JL. New identification of proanthocyanidins in cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1327-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
74
|
Ivanova V, Stefova M, Vojnoski B, Dörnyei Á, Márk L, Dimovska V, Stafilov T, Kilár F. Identification of polyphenolic compounds in red and white grape varieties grown in R. Macedonia and changes of their content during ripening. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
75
|
Schoedl K, Forneck A, Sulyok M, Schuhmacher R. Optimization, in-house validation, and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method for the quantification of selected polyphenolic compounds in leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10787-10794. [PMID: 21910493 DOI: 10.1021/jf202753g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols in grapevine can be constitutive or induced, depending upon cultivar, plant organ, and environmental influences. The aim of the presented work was to develop and optimize a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to study the pattern and amount of selected polyphenols in leaves of Vitis vinifera L. The method is simple and does not require any sample cleanup. It covers representative metabolites of the structure classes cinnamic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes and enables the simultaneous separation and quantification of 13 polyphenols within 9 min at concentration levels between 0.1 and 3 μg/g. We present the method performance characteristics and its application to the quantification of polyphenols in grapevine leaves of the cultivars Riesling and Pinot noir. A total of 7 of 13 target polyphenols were detected at concentrations above the limits of quantification. Interestingly, instead of the expected trans-resveratrol, the investigated leaf samples of both cultivars contained cis-resveratrol-3-O-glucoside. The measurements also showed that Riesling leaves tended to contain higher concentrations of the selected polyphenols than Pinot noir. In view of its intended future use, the developed method has been shown to be a powerful and fast tool to study polyphenols in grapevine leaves subjected to environmental stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schoedl
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Pires KMP, Valença SS, Resende ÂC, Porto LCS, Queiroz EF, Moreira DDC, de Moura RS. Grape skin extract reduced pulmonary oxidative response in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:BR187-195. [PMID: 21804454 PMCID: PMC3539621 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cigarette smoke (CS) is known to be one of the major sources of oxidants in the lungs. We postulated that acute administration of GSE (grape skin extract) would either reduce or protect the ALI (acute lung inflammation) produced by CS via NO release. MATERIAL/METHODS We adopted a nutritional approach by investigating the inflammatory cells, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity, and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde - MDA - levels) that play a role in the development of acute lung inflammation (ALI). Therefore, we tested an orally active antioxidant produced from grape skin manipulation (grape skin extract - GSE), in mice exposed to CS from 6 cigarettes a day for 5 days. In addition, we used a separate group treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an NO inhibitor) to confirm nitric oxide (NO) involvement in GSE effects. RESULTS We showed for the first time that administration of GSE inhibited ALI and oxidative damage induced by CS. This is associated with decreased MMP-9 activity, decreased number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced levels of lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that beneficial effects of GSE are NO-dependent. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that alteration of the oxidant-antioxidant balance is important in the pathogenesis of CS-induced ALI and suggests lung protective effects of GSE treatment in the mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Maria Pereira Pires
- Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cancer Laboratory - ICB/CCS/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Sinilal B, Ovadia R, Nissim-Levi A, Perl A, Carmeli-Weissberg M, Oren-Shamir M. Increased accumulation and decreased catabolism of anthocyanins in red grape cell suspension culture following magnesium treatment. PLANTA 2011; 234:61-71. [PMID: 21369922 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the largest and best studied group of plant pigments. However, not very much is known about the fate of these phenolic pigments after they have accumulated in the cell vacuoles of plant tissues. We have previously shown that magnesium treatment of ornamentals during the synthesis of anthocyanins in the flowers or foliage caused an increase in the pigment concentration. In this study, we characterized the effect of magnesium on the accumulation of anthocyanin in red cell suspension originating from Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay Red grapes. Magnesium treatment of the cells caused a 2.5- to 4.5-fold increase in anthocyanin concentration, with no substantial induction of the biosynthetic genes. This treatment inhibited the degradation of anthocyanins occurring in the cells, and changed the ratio between different anthocyanins determining cell color, with an increase in the relative concentration of the less stable pigment molecules. The process by which magnesium treatment affects anthocyanin accumulation is still not clear. However, the results presented suggest at least part of its effect on anthocyanin accumulation stems from inhibition of the pigments' catabolism. When anthocyanin biosynthesis was inhibited, magnesium treatments prevented the constant degradation of anthocyanins in the cell suspension. Future understanding of the catabolic processes undergone by anthocyanins in plants may enable more efficient inhibition of this process and increased accumulation of these pigments, and possibly of additional phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskaran Sinilal
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Aldini G, Regazzoni L, Pedretti A, Carini M, Cho SM, Park KM, Yeum KJ. An integrated high resolution mass spectrometric and informatics approach for the rapid identification of phenolics in plant extract. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2856-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
79
|
Weingerl V, Strlič M, Kočar D. Evaluation of the Chemiluminometric Method for Determination of Polyphenols in Wine. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.512674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
80
|
Directly suspended droplet microextraction with in injection-port derivatization coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of polyphenols in herbal infusions, fruits and functional foods. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:639-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
81
|
Ignat I, Volf I, Popa VI. A critical review of methods for characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2010; 126:1821-35. [PMID: 25213963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, ubiquitous in plants, are of considerable interest and have received more and more attention in recent years due to their bioactive functions. Polyphenols are amongst the most desirable phytochemicals due to their antioxidant activity. These components are known as secondary plant metabolites and possess also antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties along with their high antioxidant capacity. Many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination and characterisation of polyphenols. The aim of this paper is to provide information on the most recent developments in the chemical investigation of polyphenols emphasising the extraction, separation and analysis of these compounds by chromatographic and spectral techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ignat
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Irina Volf
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valentin I Popa
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
CHEDEA VERONICAS, ECHIM CAMELIA, BRAICU CORNELIA, ANDJELKOVIC MIRJANA, VERHE ROLAND, SOCACIU CARMEN. COMPOSITION IN POLYPHENOLS AND STABILITY OF THE AQUEOUS GRAPE SEED EXTRACT FROM THE ROMANIAN VARIETY “MERLOT RECAS”. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
83
|
Wei SD, Zhou HC, Lin YM. Antioxidant activities of extract and fractions from the hypocotyls of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4080-93. [PMID: 21152321 PMCID: PMC2996807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of 70% acetone extract (70% AE) from the hypocotyls of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel and its fractions of petroleum ether (PF), ethyl acetate (EF), water (WF), and the LF (WF fraction further purified through a Sephadex LH-20 column), were investigated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that all the extract and fractions possessed potent antioxidant activity. There was a significant linear correlation between the total phenolics concentration and the ferric reducing power or free radical scavenging activity of the extract and fractions. Among the extract and fractions, the LF fraction exhibits the best antioxidant performance. The MALDT-TOF MS and HPLC analyses revealed that the phenolic compounds associated with the antioxidant activity of the LF fraction contains a large number of procyanidins and a small amount of prodelphinidins, and the epicatechin is the main extension unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Ming Lin
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-592-2187-657
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Dias FDS, Lovillo MP, Barroso CG, David JM. Optimization and validation of a method for the direct determination of catechin and epicatechin in red wines by HPLC/fluorescence. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
85
|
Jaitz L, Siegl K, Eder R, Rak G, Abranko L, Koellensperger G, Hann S. LC–MS/MS analysis of phenols for classification of red wine according to geographic origin, grape variety and vintage. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
86
|
Mazerolles G, Preys S, Bouchut C, Meudec E, Fulcrand H, Souquet JM, Cheynier V. Combination of several mass spectrometry ionization modes: a multiblock analysis for a rapid characterization of the red wine polyphenolic composition. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 678:195-202. [PMID: 20888452 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, direct flow injection mass spectrometry was investigated for rapid characterization of the polyphenolic composition of red wines. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) (in both positive and negative ion modes) have been simultaneously used for a more comprehensive analysis of the samples studied. In this way, four mass spectra have been recorded for each wine. Each spectrum was considered as a fingerprint related to the chemical composition. This methodology was applied to a large number of Beaujolais wines from different grades and different vintages. This data set was processed using a chemometrical multiblock analysis, which allowed to synthesize the whole information collected. The results obtained showed that the wine fingerprints address the composition of the main polyphenolic compounds present in the red wines and can discriminate groups of wines showing different polyphenolic compositions. Multiblock analysis appears as a very promising tool to deal with several data tables of multivariate signals in order to define, by combining the whole information, the best operating protocol according to the desired analytical objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mazerolles
- UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'Oenologie, INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Choi JY, Lee SJ, Lee SJ, Park S, Lee JH, Shim JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Jin JS, Jeong ED, Lee WS, Shin SC. Analysis and tentative structure elucidation of new anthocyanins in fruit peel of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) using LC-MS/MS: Contribution to the overall antioxidant activity. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1192-7. [PMID: 20187032 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The skin of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) grown wild in the Republic of Korea was analyzed for anthocyanins via HPLC coupled to ESI-MS/MS in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation was conducted via RP HPLC using a C(18) column, with a 50-min gradient from 0 to 80% methanol in water containing 0.5% formic acid. A total of 18 anthocyanins were identified. Among them, nine compounds were newly determined by comparing the retention time (t(R)) and mass fragmentation patterns with those of the previously reported anthocyanins for other grape varieties: malvidin hexose, peonidin 3-galactoside, malvidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin, petunidin, petunidin 3-(6''-coumaroyl)-5-diglucoside, peonidin, malvidin, and malvidin 3-(6''-coumaroyl)-5-diglucoside. The antioxidant activity of the V. coignetiae Pulliat anthocyanins was determined via 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation assays in a range of concentration from 25 to 500 mg/L. The capacity increased with concentration. The IC(50) values, defined as the concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of free radicals, were calculated as follows: 189.63+/-11.31 mg/L and 141.29+/-6.70 mg/L for 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the V. coignetiae Pulliat anthocyanins is substantially higher than that of ascorbic acid and is similar to the effects of the extracts obtained from other grape varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Zhu L, Hu Z, Gamez G, Law WS, Chen H, Yang S, Chingin K, Balabin RM, Wang R, Zhang T, Zenobi R. Simultaneous sampling of volatile and non-volatile analytes in beer for fast fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:405-13. [PMID: 20644917 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
By gently bubbling nitrogen gas through beer, an effervescent beverage, both volatile and non-volatile compounds can be simultaneously sampled in the form of aerosol. This allows for fast (within seconds) fingerprinting by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) in both negative and positive ion mode, without the need for any sample pre-treatment such as degassing and dilution. Trace analytes such as volatile esters (e.g., ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate), free fatty acids (e.g., caproic acid, caprylic acid, and capric acid), semi/non-volatile organic/inorganic acids (e.g., lactic acid), and various amino acids, commonly present in beer at the low parts per million or at sub-ppm levels, were detected and identified based on tandem MS data. Furthermore, the appearance of solvent cluster ions in the mass spectra gives insight into the sampling and ionization mechanisms: aerosol droplets containing semi/non-volatile substances are thought to be generated via bubble bursting at the surface of the liquid; these neutral aerosol droplets then collide with the charged primary electrospray ionization droplets, followed by analyte extraction, desolvation, ionization, and MS detection. With principal component analysis, several beer samples were successfully differentiated. Therefore, the present study successfully extends the applicability of EESI-MS to the direct analysis of complex liquid samples with high gas content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Anthocyanin composition in Cabernet Sauvignon red wine vinegar obtained by submerged acetification. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
90
|
Fast profiling of anthocyanins in wine by desorption nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
91
|
Valls J, Millán S, Martí MP, Borràs E, Arola L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7143-72. [PMID: 19691963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing knowledge of the positive health effects of food polyphenols has prompted the need to develop new separation techniques for their extraction, fractionation and analysis. This article provides an updated and exhaustive review of the application of counter-current chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and their hyphenation with mass spectrometry to the study of food polyphenols. Flavonoids constitute the largest class of polyphenols, widely spread in the plant kingdom and common in human diet which has been the most widely studied with respect to their antioxidant and biological activities. The main subgroups are anthocyanins, catechins, isoflavones, flavonols and flavones. They are reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and immune modulating functions, among others. Since red fruit anthocyanins, soy isoflavones and flavanols from grapes and teas are currently the most used phenolic compounds for producing new nutraceuticals and functional foods, this review is focused on these three flavonoid groups.
Collapse
|
92
|
Hurst WJ, Stanley B, Glinski JA, Davey M, Payne MJ, Stuart DA. Characterization of primary standards for use in the HPLC analysis of the procyanidin content of cocoa and chocolate containing products. Molecules 2009; 14:4136-46. [PMID: 19924052 PMCID: PMC6255096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the characterization of a series of commercially available procyanidin standards ranging from dimers DP = 2 to decamers DP = 10 for the determination of procyanidins from cocoa and chocolate. Using a combination of HPLC with fluorescence detection and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the purity of each standard was determined and these data were used to determine relative response factors. These response factors were compared with other response factors obtained from published methods. Data comparing the procyanidin analysis of a commercially available US dark chocolate calculated using each of the calibration methods indicates divergent results and demonstrate that previous methods may significantly underreport the procyanidins in cocoa-containing products. These results have far reaching implications because the previous calibration methods have been used to develop data for a variety of scientific reports, including food databases and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Hurst
- The Hershey Center of Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Qiu Y, Liu Q, Beta T. Antioxidant activity of commercial wild rice and identification of flavonoid compounds in active fractions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7543-51. [PMID: 19630388 DOI: 10.1021/jf901074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of whole grain consumption have been attributed to their content of complex carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and other phytochemical constituents. Wild rice is a whole grain finding applications in gourmet foods due to its nutritional value and unique taste. However, little is known about its antioxidant properties and phytochemical components. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wild rice. Eleven commercial wild rice samples (raw, mixed, and processed) were extracted with acetone and fractionated using a Sephadex LH-20 column. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH(*)) scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and total phenolic content were evaluated to determine the antioxidant properties of wild rice. The antioxidant activity of wild rice was found to be 30 times greater than that of the control white rice. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in antioxidant activities were found among raw, mixed, and processed samples. For raw samples, DPPH(*) radical scavenging activities and ORAC values ranged from 611 to 917 micromol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g and from 4069 to 6064 micromol of TE/100 g, respectively. For mixed and processed wild rice, DPPH(*) radical scavenging activities were 373 and 441 micromol of TE/100 g, respectively. The corresponding ORAC values were 2284 and 2557 micromol of TE/100 g. Total phenolic content (TPC) of raw wild rice varied from 2472 to 4072 mg of ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/kg, higher than that of the mixed sample (1460 mg of FAE/kg) and processed sample (2076 mg of FAE/kg). TPC was highly correlated with total antioxidant activity of wild rice (r = 0.92). Tandem mass spectrometric techniques revealed the antioxidants identified in wild rice to be flavonoid glycosides (diglucosyl apigenin, glucosyl-arabinosyl apigenin, and diarabinosyl apigenin) in factions 2 and 3 and flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, and oligomeric procyanidin) in fractions 4 and 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qiu
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Pati S, Liberatore MT, Gambacorta G, Antonacci D, La Notte E. Rapid screening for anthocyanins and anthocyanin dimers in crude grape extracts by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3864-8. [PMID: 19298968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) for fast screening large numbers of anthocyanins and anthocyanin dimers in different grape skin extracts, without further sample clean-up procedures, was developed. A good separation of most detected anthocyanins was achieved in a run time of 15 min. Identification of anthocyanin pigments required a combination of several information: UV-vis spectra, MS and MS/MS spectra, and elution pattern. Many compounds have been here detected for the first time and their structures tentatively elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pati
- Department of Food Science, University of Foggia-Via Napoli 25, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hümmer
- Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Solid-phase microextraction on-fiber derivatization for the analysis of some polyphenols in wine and grapes using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1279-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
97
|
Analysis of trans-resveratrol: Comparison of methods and contents in Muscatel fortified wines from Setúbal region in Portugal. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
98
|
Ono K, Condron MM, Ho L, Wang J, Zhao W, Pasinetti GM, Teplow DB. Effects of grape seed-derived polyphenols on amyloid beta-protein self-assembly and cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32176-87. [PMID: 18815129 PMCID: PMC2583320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806154200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate consumption of red wine reduces the incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD). To study the protective effects of red wine, experiments recently were executed in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. These studies showed that a commercially available grape seed polyphenolic extract, MegaNatural-AZ (MN), significantly attenuated AD-type cognitive deterioration and reduced cerebral amyloid deposition (Wang, J., Ho, L., Zhao, W., Ono, K., Rosensweig, C., Chen, L., Humala, N., Teplow, D. B., and Pasinetti, G. M. (2008) J. Neurosci. 28, 6388-6392). To elucidate the mechanistic bases for these observations, here we used CD spectroscopy, photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins, thioflavin T fluorescence, size exclusion chromatography, and electron microscopy to examine the effects of MN on the assembly of the two predominant disease-related amyloid beta-protein alloforms, Abeta40 and Abeta42. We also examined the effects of MN on Abeta-induced cytotoxicity by assaying 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase activity in Abeta-treated, differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Initial studies revealed that MN blocked Abeta fibril formation. Subsequent evaluation of the assembly stage specificity of the effect showed that MN was able to inhibit protofibril formation, pre-protofibrillar oligomerization, and initial coil --> alpha-helix/beta-sheet secondary structure transitions. Importantly, MN had protective effects in assays of cytotoxicity in which MN was mixed with Abeta prior to peptide assembly or following assembly and just prior to peptide addition to cells. These data suggest that MN is worthy of consideration as a therapeutic agent for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7334, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Touriño S, Fuguet E, Jáuregui O, Saura-Calixto F, Cascante M, Torres JL. High-resolution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to identify polyphenols from grape antioxidant dietary fiber. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3489-3500. [PMID: 18853405 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Grape antioxidant dietary fiber (GADF) is a dietary supplement that combines the benefits of both fiber and antioxidants that help prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The antioxidant polyphenolic components in GADF probably help prevent cancer in the digestive tract, where they are bioavailable. Mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex plant derivatives such as GADF. We use a combination of MS techniques, namely liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole, for the identification of the polyphenolic constituents of the soluble fraction of GADF. First, we separated the mixture into four fractions which were tested for phenolic constituents using the TOF system in the full scan mode. The high sensitivity and resolution of the TOF detector over the triple quadrupole facilitate the preliminary characterization of the fractions. Then we used LC/ESI-MS/MS to identify the individual phenols through MS/MS experiments (product ion scan, neutral loss scan, precursor ion scan). Finally, most of the identities were unequivocally confirmed by accurate mass measurements on the TOF spectrometer. LC/ESI-TOF-MS combined with MS/MS correctly identifies the bioactive polyphenolic components from the soluble fraction of GADF. High-resolution TOF-MS is particularly useful for identifying the structure of compounds with the same LC/ESI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Touriño
- Institute for Chemical and Environmental Research (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Muñoz S, Mestres M, Busto O, Guasch J. Determination of some flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins in red grape seed and skin extracts by HPLC-DAD: Validation study and response comparison of different standards. Anal Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|