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Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria undergo constant morphological changes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. As the key organelle in cells, mitochondria are responsible for numerous essential cellular functions such as metabolism, regulation of calcium (Ca2+), generation of reactive oxygen species, and initiation of apoptosis. Unsurprisingly, mitochondrial dysfunctions underlie many pathologies including cancer. Recent Advances: Currently, the gold standard for cancer treatment is chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. However, the efficacy of these treatments varies across different cancer cells. It has been suggested that mitochondria may be at the center of these diverse responses. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding distinct types of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer. Through investigations of underlying mechanisms, more effective treatment options are developed. Critical Issues: We summarize various mitochondria dysfunctions in cancer progression that have led to the development of therapeutic options. Current mitochondrial-targeted therapies and challenges are discussed. Future Directions: To address the "root" of cancer, utilization of mitochondrial-targeted therapy to target cancer stem cells may be valuable. Investigation of other areas such as mitochondrial trafficking may offer new insights into cancer therapy. Moreover, common antibiotics could be explored as mitocans, and synthetic lethality screens can be utilized to overcome the plasticity of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Yao Chiu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emmy Xue Yun Tay
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Choudhari AS, Mandave PC, Deshpande M, Ranjekar P, Prakash O. Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1614. [PMID: 32116665 PMCID: PMC7025531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health problem that continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression has led to the development of a vast number of anticancer drugs. However, the use of chemically synthesized drugs has not significantly improved the overall survival rate over the past few decades. As a result, new strategies and novel chemoprevention agents are needed to complement current cancer therapies to improve efficiency. Naturally occurring compounds from plants known as phytochemicals, serve as vital resources for novel drugs and are also sources for cancer therapy. Some typical examples include taxol analogs, vinca alkaloids such as vincristine, vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin analogs. These phytochemicals often act via regulating molecular pathways which are implicated in growth and progression of cancer. The specific mechanisms include increasing antioxidant status, carcinogen inactivation, inhibiting proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; and regulation of the immune system. The primary objective of this review is to describe what we know to date of the active compounds in the natural products, along with their pharmacologic action and molecular or specific targets. Recent trends and gaps in phytochemical based anticancer drug discovery are also explored. The authors wish to expand the phytochemical research area not only for their scientific soundness but also for their potential druggability. Hence, the emphasis is given to information about anticancer phytochemicals which are evaluated at preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Choudhari
- Combi-Chem Bio-Resource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Pallavi C Mandave
- Interactive Research School of Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Manasi Deshpande
- Department of Dravyaguna Vigan, Ayurved Pharmacology, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | | | - Om Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Wang D, Huang J, Gui T, Yang Y, Feng T, Tzvetkov NT, Xu T, Gai Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Atanasov AG. SR-BI as a target of natural products and its significance in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:18-38. [PMID: 31935456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein. SR-BI is emerging as a multifunctional protein, which regulates autophagy, efferocytosis, cell survival and inflammation. It is well known that SR-BI plays a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism by mediating cholesteryl esters selective uptake and the bi-directional flux of free cholesterol. Recently, SR-BI has also been identified as a potential marker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or even a treatment target. Natural products are a promising source for the discovery of new drug leads. Multiple natural products were identified to regulate SR-BI protein expression. There are still a number of challenges in modulating SR-BI expression in cancer and in using natural products for modulation of such protein expression. In this review, our purpose is to discuss the relationship between SR-BI protein and cancer, and the molecular mechanisms regulating SR-BI expression, as well as to provide an overview of natural products that regulate SR-BI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 318 Preston Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Salminen W, Agbaje-Williams M, Ajayi FO. A Unique Formulation of Cardioprotective Bio-Actives: An Overview of Their Safety Profile. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E107. [PMID: 31652632 PMCID: PMC6963456 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains high globally and in the United States despite the availability of pharmaceuticals aimed at its prevention and treatment. An invention by Summit Innovation Labs, which is a formula consisting of a unique blend of select polyphenols (i.e., curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol), vitamin K2 as menaquinone-7, and magnesium, was recently developed to modulate the impact of the specific drivers of CVD, namely, vascular calcification, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. The SIL formulation is a dietary supplement that was designed leveraging the more bioavailable forms of ingredients with poor absorption, such as curcumin and quercetin. Each ingredient within the SIL formulation has been shown to contribute to CVD risk reduction by moderating the effect of CVD triggers, thereby providing a holistic prevention strategy for CVD in the healthy population. This review focuses on recently published clinical data to support the safety profile of these ingredients following oral administration. The preponderance of clinical trial data reviewed support the overall safety of the bioactives when used singly or in combination. The most commonly reported adverse effects were generally mild dose-related gastrointestinal disturbances, which may be alleviated with diet in some cases. In light of these, we conclude that the combination of the ingredients in the SIL formulation is reasonably expected to be safe.
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Salehi B, Vlaisavljevic S, Adetunji CO, Adetunji JB, Kregiel D, Antolak H, Pawlikowska E, Uprety Y, Mileski KS, Devkota HP, Sharifi-Rad J, Das G, Patra JK, Jugran AK, Segura-Carretero A, Contreras MDM. Plants of the genus Vitis: Phenolic compounds, anticancer properties and clinical relevance. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang T, Feng YL, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Dietary natural flavonoids treating cancer by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:445-460. [PMID: 31433724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1635987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a ligand-activated transcription factor in the field of cancer has gradually been unveiled. A strong body of evidence indicated that AhR is implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, immune metabolism and other processes, which further affected tumor growth, survival, migration, and invasion. Therefore, AhR targeted therapy may become a new method for cancer treatment and provide a new direction for clinical tumor treatment. Astonishingly, the largest source of exposure of animals and humans to AhR ligands (synthetic and natural) comes from the diet. Myriad studies have described that various natural dietary chemicals can directly activate and/or inhibit the AhR signaling pathway. Of note, numerous natural products contribute to AhR active, of which dietary flavonoids are the largest class of natural AhR ligands. As interest in AhR and its ligands increases, it seems sensible to summarize current research on these ligands. In this review, we highlight the role of AhR in tumorigenesis and focus on the double effect of AhR in cancer therapy. We explored the molecular mechanism of AhR ligands on cancer through a few AhR agonists/antagonists currently in clinical practice. Ultimately, we summarize and highlight the latest progression of dietary flavonoids as AhR ligands in cancer inhibition, including the limitations and deficiencies of it in clinical research. This review will offer a comprehensive understanding of AhR and its dietary ligands which may dramatically pave the way for targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Kikuchi H, Yuan B, Hu X, Okazaki M. Chemopreventive and anticancer activity of flavonoids and its possibility for clinical use by combining with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1517-1535. [PMID: 31497340 PMCID: PMC6726994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a diverse class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth with the potential to invade and spread to other parts of the body, and continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional cancer treatment modalities include antitumor drugs, surgical resection, locally targeted therapies such as radiation therapy. Along with improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of various cancers, generation and the use of smart targeted anti-cancer drugs have been challenged. The need for novel therapeutic strategies remains paramount given the sustained development of drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Development of new strategies aimed at improving chemotherapy sensitivity and minimizing the adverse side effects is thus essential for obtaining satisfied therapeutic outcomes for patients and enhancing their quality of life. Emerging evidence has reported that many cancer patients use either herbs employed in complementary therapies or dietary agents that influence cellular signaling worldwide. Numerous components of edible plants, collectively termed phytochemicals that have beneficial effects for health, are being reported increasingly in the scientific literature. Of those, flavonoids have attracted much attention by virtue of its wide variety of biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying its multiple pharmacological effects, especially focusing on cancer chemoprevention. We further discuss possible strategies to develop anticancer therapy by combining flavonoids nutraceuticals and conventional chemotherapeutic agents. We also highlight numerous pharmacokinetic challenges such as bioavailability, drug-drug interactions, which are still fundamental questions concerning its future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Bo Yuan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mari Okazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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Honari M, Shafabakhsh R, Reiter RJ, Mirzaei H, Asemi Z. Resveratrol is a promising agent for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:180. [PMID: 31341423 PMCID: PMC6631492 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and one of the main causes of cancer death entire the world. Environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors including red meat consumption, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and family history are the most important risk factors of CRC. Multiple pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are involved in its incidence and progression. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, has different pharmacologic functions including anti-inflammation, cancer prevention, lipid-lowering effect, and hypoglycemic effect. Many studies have proved that resveratrol might also represent a chemo preventive effect on CRC. Thus, the aim of the current review is to depict the role of resveratrol in treatment of CRC in a molecular manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Honari
- 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- 2Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science, Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- 1Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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59
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Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Yamthe LRT, Tali BT, Adetunji CO, Rahavian A, Mudau FN, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Rodrigues CF, Martins N, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytochemicals in Prostate Cancer: From Bioactive Molecules to Upcoming Therapeutic Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1483. [PMID: 31261861 PMCID: PMC6683070 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, the second deadliest malignancy in men and the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Traditional plants have been applied to handle various diseases and to develop new drugs. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural bioactive compounds that include alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and steroids. Many of these naturally-occurring bioactive constituents possess promising chemopreventive properties. In this sense, the aim of the present review is to provide a detailed overview of the role of plant-derived phytochemicals in prostate cancers, including the contribution of plant extracts and its corresponding isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Ngoa Ekelle, Annex Fac. Sci, Yaounde 812, Cameroon
| | | | - Brice Tchatat Tali
- Antimicrobial Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa-Yaoundé 812, Cameroon
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State 300271, Nigeria
| | - Amirhossein Rahavian
- Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran
| | - Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
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Wang M, Jiang S, Yu F, Zhou L, Wang K. Noncoding RNAs as Molecular Targets of Resveratrol Underlying Its Anticancer Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4709-4719. [PMID: 30990036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant disease burden worldwide. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinically used chemotherapeutic agents may elicit severe side effects. Remarkably, most of cancer cells develop chemoresistance after a period of treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to seek more effective agents without side effects. In recent years, increasing research efforts have attempted to identify natural agents that may be used alone or in combination with traditional therapeutics for cancer management. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that can be found in various foods including blueberries, peanuts, and red wine. As a natural food ingredient, resveratrol possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. Moreover, resveratrol exhibited promising effects in suppressing the initiation and progression of cancers. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been universally accepted as vital regulators in cancer pathogenesis. The modulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs by resveratrol has been described. Thus, the mechanism involving the domination of ncRNA function is one of the keys to understand the anticancer effects of resveratrol. In this review, we focus on the antagonistic effects of resveratrol on cancer progression through regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs. We also discuss the potential application of resveratrol in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine , Medical College of Qingdao University , Dengzhou Road 38 , Qingdao 266021 , China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine , Medical College of Qingdao University , Dengzhou Road 38 , Qingdao 266021 , China
| | - Li Zhou
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment , Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine , Medical College of Qingdao University , Dengzhou Road 38 , Qingdao 266021 , China
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Burton LJ, Hawsawi O, Sweeney J, Bowen N, Hudson T, Odero-Marah V. CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox transcription factor (CUX1) represses estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) in triple-negative breast cancer cells and can be antagonized by muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214844. [PMID: 30964885 PMCID: PMC6460785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) are the most difficult to treat subtype of breast cancer and are often associated with high nuclear expression of Snail and Cathepsin L (Cat L) protease. We have previously shown that Snail can increase Cat L expression/activity in prostate and breast cancer cells. This study investigated the role of CUX1 (a downstream substrate of Cat L) in TNBC. We showed that Cat L and CUX1 were highly expressed in TNBC patient tissue/cell lines, as compared to ER-positive samples, using cBioportal data and western blot/zymography analyses. Additionally, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CUX1 directly bound to estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) promoter in MDA-MB-468, a representative TNBC cell line, and that CUX1 siRNA could restore ER-α transcription and protein expression. Furthermore, Snail and CUX1 expression in various TNBC cell lines was inhibited by muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE, a natural grape product rich in anthocyanins) or Cat L inhibitor (Z-FY-CHO) leading to decreased cell invasion and migration. MSKE decreased cell viability and increased expression of apoptotic markers in MDA-MB-468 cells, with no effect on non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. MSKE also decreased CUX1 binding to ER-α promoter and restored ER-α expression in TNBC cells, while both MSKE and CUX1 siRNA restored sensitivity to estradiol and 4-hydoxytamoxifen as shown by increased cell viability. Therefore, CUX1 activated by Snail-Cat L signaling may contribute to TNBC via ER-α repression, and may be a viable target for TNBC using natural products such as MSKE that targets cancer and not normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J. Burton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Janae Sweeney
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Tamaro Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
of America
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
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Braicu C, Zimta AA, Gulei D, Olariu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1559-1577. [PMID: 30805658 PMCID: PMC11105679 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are members of the non-coding transcriptome; however, some of them are translated into proteins. These transcripts have important roles in both physiological and pathological mechanisms due to their ability to directly influence cellular signaling pathways. Specifically, circRNAs are regulators of transcription, translation, protein interaction, and signal transduction. An increased knowledge within their area is observed over the last few years, concomitant with the development of next-generation sequencing techniques. circRNAs are mostly tissue and disease specific with the ability of specifically changing the biological behavior of cells. The altered expression profile is currently investigated as novel minimally invasive diagnosis/prognosis tool and also therapeutic target in human disease. The diagnosis approach is based on their level modification within pathological states, especially cancer, where circRNAs' therapies are intensively explored in anti-aging strategies, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and malignant pathologies, and are relying on the restoration of homeostatic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea-Alina Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Olariu
- Nordlogic Software, 10-12, Rene Descartes Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Multi-year Quantitative Evaluation of Stilbenoids Levels Among Selected Muscadine Grape Cultivars. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050981. [PMID: 30862045 PMCID: PMC6429103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbenoids such as t-piceid, t-resveratrol, ε-viniferins, and t-pterostilbene can differ significantly among grape cultivars and years due to variation in environmental conditions and subsequent stressors encountered during a year. This study evaluated diverse muscadine grape cultivars for their ability to consistently produce four major stilbenoids such as t-piceid, t-resveratrol, ε-viniferins, and t-pterostilbene irrespective of environmental changes that can impact their production. Berries from forty-two muscadine grape cultivars were collected for three years (2013, 2014, and 2015) to measure stilbenoids. Results showed significant differences in the composition of four stilbenoids among the muscadine cultivars. The highest level of stilbenoids was observed in ‘Fry Seedless’ (270.20 µg/g fresh weight) in each of the three consecutive years tested followed by ‘Pride’ (46.18 µg/g fresh weight) while ‘Doreen’ produced the lowest level of stilbenoids (1.73 µg/g fresh weight). Results demonstrated that certain muscadine grape cultivars consistently produced varied levels of the four major stilbenoids year after year. Based on the total content of stilbenoids, the 42 muscadine cultivars studied were grouped into three categories such as High, Medium and Low stilbenoid-containing cultivars. This information will help establish new vineyards with cultivars that are less prone to variations in environmental conditions and can consistently produce stilbenoid-rich muscadine grape berries with enhanced market value to promote consumer health.
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Pan P, Huang YW, Oshima K, Yearsley M, Zhang J, Arnold M, Yu J, Wang LS. The immunomodulatory potential of natural compounds in tumor-bearing mice and humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:992-1007. [PMID: 30795687 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1537237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered a fetal disease caused by uncontrolled proliferation and progression of abnormal cells. The most efficient cancer therapies suppress tumor growth, prevent progression and metastasis, and are minimally toxic to normal cells. Natural compounds have shown a variety of chemo-protective effects alone or in combination with standard cancer therapies. Along with better understanding of the dynamic interactions between our immune system and cancer development, nutritional immunology-the use of natural compounds as immunomodulators in cancer patients-has begun to emerge. Cancer cells evolve strategies that target many aspects of the immune system to escape or even edit immune surveillance. Therefore, the immunesuppressive tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle in the development of cancer therapies. Because interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system is a complex topic, this review focuses mainly on human clinical trials and animal studies, and it highlights specific immune cells and their cytokines that have been modulated by natural compounds, including carotenoids, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and β-glucans. These natural compounds have shown promising immune-modulating effects, such as inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhancing natural killer and cytolytic T cells, in tumor-bearing animal models, but their efficacy in cancer patients remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- c Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Martha Yearsley
- d Department of Pathology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- e Center for Biostatistics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Mark Arnold
- f Department of Surgery , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- g Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation , City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute , Duarte , California , USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
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Singh AP, Singh R, Verma SS, Rai V, Kaschula CH, Maiti P, Gupta SC. Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1851-1891. [PMID: 30741437 DOI: 10.1002/med.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic nutraceutical that exhibits pleiotropic activities in human subjects. The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol have been documented in over 244 clinical trials, with an additional 27 clinical trials currently ongoing. Resveretrol is reported to potentially improve the therapeutic outcome in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, inflammatory diseases, and rhinopharyngitis. The polyphenol is reported to be safe at doses up to 5 g/d, when used either alone or as a combination therapy. The molecular basis for the pleiotropic activities of resveratrol are based on its ability to modulate multiple cell signaling molecules such as cytokines, caspases, matrix metalloproteinases, Wnt, nuclear factor-κB, Notch, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, intercellular adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule, sirtuin type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, Ras association domain family 1α, pAkt, vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Although the clinical utility of resveratrol is well documented, the rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability have limited its therapeutic use. In this regard, the recently produced micronized resveratrol formulation called SRT501, shows promise. This review discusses the currently available clinical data on resveratrol in the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Based on the current evidence, the potential utility of this molecule in the clinic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhand Pratap Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Rachna Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit Singh Verma
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Catherine H Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Ignacio DN, Mason KD, Hackett-Morton EC, Albanese C, Ringer L, Wagner WD, Wang PC, Carducci MA, Kachhap SK, Paller CJ, Mendonca J, Li-Ying Chan L, Lin B, Hartle DK, Green JE, Brown CA, Hudson TS. Muscadine grape skin extract inhibits prostate cancer cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest, and decreasing migration through heat shock protein 40. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01128. [PMID: 30705983 PMCID: PMC6348279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE), a natural product, significantly inhibited androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis through the targeting of survival pathways. However, the therapeutic effect of MSKE on more aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer remains unknown. This study examined the effects of MSKE treatment in metastatic prostate cancer using complementary PC-3 cells and xenograft model. MSKE significantly inhibited PC-3 human prostate cancer cell tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The growth-inhibitory effect of MSKE appeared to be through the induction of cell-cycle arrest. This induction was accompanied by a reduction in the protein expression of Hsp40 and cell-cycle regulation proteins, cyclin D1 and NF-kBp65. In addition, MSKE induced p21 expression independent of wild-type p53 induced protein expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that MSKE significantly inhibited cell migration in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that MSKE inhibits prostate tumor growth and migration, and induces cell-cycle arrest by targeting Hsp40 and proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation. This suggests that MSKE may also be explored either as a neo-adjuvant or therapeutic for castration resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane N. Ignacio
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | | | - Christopher Albanese
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Lymor Ringer
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - William D. Wagner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Paul C. Wang
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Michael A. Carducci
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Sushant K. Kachhap
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Channing J. Paller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Janet Mendonca
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, United States
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, United States
| | - Diane K. Hartle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Green
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Collis A. Brown
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC 20059, United States
| | - Tamaro S. Hudson
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington DC 20060, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC 20059, United States
- Department of Research, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
- Corresponding author.
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Abotaleb M, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Varghese S, Kubatka P, Liskova A, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids in Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010028. [PMID: 30597838 PMCID: PMC6357032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Although, there are many different approaches to cancer treatment, they are often painful due to adverse side effects and are sometimes ineffective due to increasing resistance to classical anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. Targeting delayed/inhibited apoptosis is a major approach in cancer treatment and a highly active area of research. Plant derived natural compounds are of major interest due to their high bioavailability, safety, minimal side effects and, most importantly, cost effectiveness. Flavonoids have gained importance as anti-cancer agents and have shown great potential as cytotoxic anti-cancer agents promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, a summary of flavonoids and their effectiveness in cancer treatment targeting apoptosis has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sharon Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar.
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Kumar A, D'silva M, Dholakia K, Levenson AS. In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Table Grape Powder Extract (GPE) in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1804. [PMID: 30463302 PMCID: PMC6265725 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the link between diet and cancer is complex, epidemiological data confirm that diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer and indicate a reduced prostate cancer incidence associated with a diet rich in vegetables and fruits. Because of the known protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against prostate cancer, we evaluated the effects of grape powder extract (GPE) on cell viability, proliferation, and metastatic capability. Importantly, we explored the possible novel mechanism of GPE through metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) downregulation in prostate cancer, since our previous studies indicated resveratrol (Res)- and pterostilbene (Pter)-induced MTA1-mediated anticancer activities in prostate cancer. We found that GPE inhibited the cell viability and growth of prostate cancer cells only at high 100 μg/mL concentrations. However, at low 1.5⁻15 μg/mL concentrations, GPE significantly reduced the colony formation and wound healing capabilities of both DU145 and PC3M cells. Moreover, we found that GPE inhibited MTA1 in a dose-dependent manner in these cells, albeit with considerably less potency than Res and Pter. These results indicate that stilbenes such as Res and Pter specifically and potently inhibit MTA1 and MTA1-associated proteins compared to GPE, which contains low concentrations of Res and mainly consists of other flavonoids and anthocyanidins. Our findings support continued interest in GPE as a chemopreventive and anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer but also emphasize the unique and specific properties of stilbenes on MTA1-mediated anticancer effects on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Kshiti Dholakia
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Anait S Levenson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
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Kessler ER, Su LJ, Gao D, Torkko KC, Wacker M, Anduha M, Chronister N, Maroni P, Crawford ED, Flaig TW, Glode LM, Lam ET. Phase II Trial of Acai Juice Product in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1103-1108. [PMID: 30289005 PMCID: PMC6247557 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418803755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant derivatives have been studied as therapies for prostate cancer based on their purported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and low toxicities. The acai berry is an example of a plant rich in phytochemicals, which may slow the growth of prostate cancer. METHODS This was a phase II, Simon 2-stage clinical trial in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer with a primary endpoint of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response. Patients were asymptomatic, with a rising PSA of at least 0.2 ng/mL, and were treated with twice daily intake of Acai Juice Product until PSA progression, with a primary endpoint of PSA response. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were enrolled in the first stage of the trial. One of those patients had a PSA response within the study time period. The PSA doubling time was lengthened in 71% of patients (95% confidence interval = 48% to 89%) on the trial, and in a small number of responders, this was sustained over an extended time. CONCLUSIONS This study did not meet its primary endpoint of 50% PSA response. Nevertheless, the overall tolerability and effects on PSA stabilization warrant further exploration in a biochemically recurrent population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lih-Jen Su
- 1 University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles mediated programmed cell death in prostate cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:876-885. [PMID: 30202231 PMCID: PMC6128707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RL), a natural polyphenol, is known for its diverse biological effects against various human cancer cell lines. But low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and stability limit its efficacy against prostate cancer. In this study polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating resveratrol (RLPLGA) were designed and their cytotoxic and mode of apoptotic cells death against prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) was determined. Nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacement method and characterized for particle size, TEM, entrapment efficiency, DSC and drug release study. RLPLGA exhibited a significant decrease in cell viability with 50% and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC50 and IC90) of 15.6 ± 1.49 and 41.1 ± 2.19 μM respectively against the LNCaP cells. This effect was mediated by apoptosis as confirmed by cell cycle arrest at G1-S transition phase, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, significantly greater cytotoxicity to LNCaP cells was observed with nanoparticles as compared to that of free RL at all tested concentrations. RLPLGA nanoparticles presented no adverse cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages even at 200 μM. Our findings support the potential use of developed resveratrol loaded nanoparticle for the prostate cancer chemoprevention/ chemotherapy with no adverse effect on normal cells.
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71
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Regulation of Cell Signaling Pathways and miRNAs by Resveratrol in Different Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030652. [PMID: 29495357 PMCID: PMC5877513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic and proteomic studies have helped improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of cancer development and progression. Mutations, overexpressed oncogenes, inactivated/downregulated tumor suppressors, loss of apoptosis, and dysregulated signal transduction cascades are some of the well-studied areas of research. Resveratrol has gained considerable attention in the last two decades because of its pleiotropic anticancer activities. In this review, we have summarized the regulation of WNT, SHH (sonic hedgehog)/GLI (glioma-associated oncogene homolog), TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor beta 1)/SMAD, NOTCH, TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription), and microRNAs by resveratrol in different cancers. The importance of these signaling pathways in cancer progression, along with their modulation by resveratrol, is discussed. Further, we also evaluate the mechanisms and implications of the downregulation of oncogenic miRNAs and the upregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs by resveratrol, both of which also define its ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. It is envisioned that designing effective clinical trials will be helpful for the identification of resveratrol responders and non-responders and the elucidation of how this phytochemical can be combined with current therapeutic options to improve their clinical efficacy and reduce off-target effects.
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Chhabra G, Singh CK, Ndiaye MA, Fedorowicz S, Molot A, Ahmad N. Prostate cancer chemoprevention by natural agents: Clinical evidence and potential implications. Cancer Lett 2018; 422:9-18. [PMID: 29471004 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. Due to its long latency period, PCa is considered as an ideal cancer type for chemopreventive interventions. Chemopreventive agents include various natural or synthetic agents that prevent or delay cancer development, progression and/or recurrence. Pre-clinical studies suggest that many natural products and dietary agents have chemopreventive properties. However, a limited number of these agents have been tested in clinical trials, with varying success. In this review, we have discussed the available clinical studies regarding the efficacy of natural chemopreventive agents against PCa, including tea polyphenols, selenium, soy proteins, vitamins and resveratrol. We have also provided a discussion on the clinical challenges and opportunities for the potential use of chemopreventive agents against PCa. Based on available literature, it appears that the variable outcomes of the chemopreventive clinical studies necessitate a need for additional studies with more rigorous designs and methodical interpretations in order to measure the potential of the natural agents against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Arielle Molot
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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Odero-Marah V, Hawsawi O, Henderson V, Sweeney J. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1095:101-110. [PMID: 30229551 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Typically the normal epithelial cells are a single layer, held tightly by adherent proteins that prevent the mobilization of the cells from the monolayer sheet. During prostate cancer progression, the epithelial cells can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT, characterized by morphological changes in their phenotype from cuboidal to spindle-shaped. This is associated with biochemical changes in which epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin and occludins are down-regulated, which leads to loss of cell-cell adhesion, while mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and N-cadherin are up-regulated, thereby allowing the cells to migrate or metastasize to different organs. The EMT transition can be regulated directly and indirectly by multiple molecular mechanisms including growth factors and cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). This signaling subsequently induces expression of various transcription factors like Snail, Twist, Zeb1/2, that are also known as master regulators of EMT. Various markers associated with EMT have been reported in prostate cancer patient tissue as well as a possible association with health disparities. There has been consideration to therapeutically target EMT in prostate cancer patients by targeting the EMT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Department of Biology, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Janae Sweeney
- Department of Biology, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the top three causes of death in the United States. The treatment regimen for controlling cancer includes a number of approaches depending on the classification of the tumor. Treatment may include radiation, surgery, and cancer chemotherapy agents as well as other interventions. Natural products have been identified for centuries to contain active pharmacologic activity and have been a starting point for numerous drugs which are currently on the market. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural product generated in plants in response to environmental stress and growing conditions. RES has been recognized since 1997 to possess anticancer activity. This review discusses the dietary sources of RES and the relative amounts present in the various food sources. A few limited clinical studies have explored RES effects in patients with prostate and colorectal cancer and have suggested some beneficial results. Future studies need to expand the sample size for clinical examination of RES in order to provide a better profile for the potential benefit of RES in cancer patients. This review also describes the potential mechanisms of RES as an antioxidant and in alteration of cell signaling. Another aspect for the role of RES in cancer may be in the interaction with cancer chemotherapy agents. Cisplatin is a cancer chemotherapy agent used for the treatment of bladder, testicular, ovarian, and many other cancers. Cisplatin usage is associated with a high risk of nephrotoxicity. Experimental studies suggest that RES may reduce cisplatin renal toxicity. The proposed mechanisms of protection are reviewed.
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Luo J, Song S, Wei Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Lu J. The comparative study among different fractions of muscadine grape 'Noble' pomace extracts regarding anti-oxidative activities, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1412795. [PMID: 29249924 PMCID: PMC5727431 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1412795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a by-product of wine making, pomace contains rich amounts of phenolic compounds that can be potentially utilized as raw materials to make beneficial products especially for the anti-cancer agents including the breast cancer. Muscadinia rotundifolia ‘Noble’ is a wine-making grape cultivar, and to better use ‘Noble’ pomace, the most effective phenolic fractions in cancer inhibition must be identified. In this study, anti-oxidative activities of three separated fractions of ‘Noble’ pomace (F1, F2 and F3) were compared in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) assays as well as the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The ability of different fractions to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Fraction F3, which contained a mixture of anthocyanidins and ellagic acids, exhibited the strongest anti-oxidative activity, as determined at both low and high concentrations in the DPPH and FRAP assays. F3 also demonstrated the greatest ability to induce apoptosis via caspase activation and cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin A and upregulating p21. F3 was thus the most effective bioactive fraction among those prepared from muscadine grape ‘Noble’ pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Luo
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiren Song
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangxi, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Viticulture and Enology Program, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangxi, China
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76
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Ko JH, Sethi G, Um JY, Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Bishayee A, Ahn KS. The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122589. [PMID: 29194365 PMCID: PMC5751192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol’s in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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77
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Xie D, Zheng GZ, Xie P, Zhang QH, Lin FX, Chang B, Hu QX, Du SX, Li XD. Antitumor activity of resveratrol against human osteosarcoma cells: a key role of Cx43 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111419-111432. [PMID: 29340064 PMCID: PMC5762332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a high-grade bone sarcoma with strong invasive ability. However, treatment with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is limited by low tolerability and side effects. Resveratrol has been reported previously to have selective antitumor effect on various tumor cells while little is known about its effects and underlying mechanism in osteosarcoma biology. In this study, we found that resveratrol inhibits proliferation and glycolysis, induces apoptosis and reduces the invasiveness of U2-OS cells in vitro. After treatment with resveratrol, the expression of related Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway target genes, such as β-catenin, c-myc, cyclin D1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, was downregulated and an increased E-cadherin level was observed as well. Additionally, the dual luciferase assay results also indicated that resveratrol suppressed the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Interestingly, we noticed that the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) increased with the prolongation of resveratrol treatment time. To further investigate the relationship between Cx43 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteosarcoma, we used lentiviral-mediated shRNA to knockdown the expression of Cx43. Knockdown of Cx43 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoted proliferation and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of U2-OS cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the antitumor activity of resveratrol against U2-OS cells in vitro occurs through up-regulating Cx43 and E-cadherin, and suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, Cx43 expression is negatively related to the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in U2-OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Zhou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Xiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Xiao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Xin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Paller CJ, Zhou XC, Heath EI, Taplin ME, Mayer T, Stein MN, Bubley GJ, Pili R, Hudson T, Kakarla R, Abbas MM, Anders NM, Dowling D, King S, Bruns AB, Wagner WD, Drake CG, Antonarakis ES, Eisenberger MA, Denmeade SR, Rudek MA, Rosner GL, Carducci MA. Muscadine Grape Skin Extract (MPX) in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:306-315. [PMID: 29113986 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: MuscadinePlus (MPX), a commercial preparation of pulverized muscadine grape skin, was evaluated as a therapeutic option for men with biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer wishing to defer androgen deprivation therapy.Experimental Design: This was a 12-month, multicenter, placebo-controlled, two-dose, double-blinded trial of MPX in 125 men with BCR prostate cancer, powered to detect a PSA doubling time (PSADT) difference of 6 months (low dose) and 12 months (high dose) relative to placebo. Participants were stratified (baseline PSADT, Gleason score) and randomly assigned 1:2:2 to receive placebo, 500 mg MPX (low), or 4,000 mg MPX (high) daily. Correlates included superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) genotype, lipid peroxidation, and polyphenol pharmacokinetics.Results: The evaluable population included 112 patients, all treated for at least 6 months and 62% treated for 12 months. No significant difference was found in PSADT change between control and treatment arms (P = 0.81): control 0.9 months (n = 20; range, 6.7-83.1), low dose 1.5 months (n = 52; range, 10.3-87.2), high dose 0.9 months (n = 40; range, 27.3-88.1). One high-dose patient experienced objective response. No drug-related CTCAE grade 3-4 adverse events were seen. In a preplanned exploratory analysis, PSADT pre-to-post increase was significant in the 27 (26%) genotyped patients with SOD2 Alanine/Alanine genotype (rs4880 T>C polymorphism) on MPX (pooled treatment arms; 6.4 months, P = 0.02), but not in control (1.8 months, P = 0.25).Conclusions: Compared with placebo, MPX did not significantly prolong PSADT in BCR patients over two different doses. Exploratory analysis revealed a patient population with potential benefit that would require further study. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 306-15. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channing J Paller
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Xian C Zhou
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Tina Mayer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Mark N Stein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Glenn J Bubley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roberto Pili
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Nicole M Anders
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Donna Dowling
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Serina King
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley B Bruns
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William D Wagner
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Muscadine Naturals, Inc., Clemmons, North Carolina
| | - Charles G Drake
- New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario A Eisenberger
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary L Rosner
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Carducci
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lin PH, Aronson W, Freedland SJ. An update of research evidence on nutrition and prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2017; 37:387-401. [PMID: 29103966 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality in US and other countries. Preclinical and clinical studies have examined the role of nutrition and dietary intake on the incidence and progression of PCa with mixed results. OBJECTIVE The objective of this chapter is to provide an update of recent published literature and highlight progress in the field. MAIN FINDINGS Low carbohydrate intake, soy protein, ω3 fat, green teas, tomatoes and tomato products and the herbal mixture-zyflamend showed promise in reducing PCa risk or progression. On the contrary, a higher animal fat intake and a higher β-carotene status may increase risk. A "U" shape relationship may exist between folate, vitamin C, vitamin D and calcium with PCa risk. Conclusion Despite the inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa remains promising. Maintaining a healthy body weight and following a healthy dietary pattern including antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables, reduced animal fat and refined carbohydrates, should be encouraged. CONCLUSION Despite the inconclusive findings, the potential for a role of dietary intake for the prevention and treatment of PCa remains promising. Maintaining a healthy body weight and following a healthy dietary pattern including antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables, reduced animal fat and refined carbohydrates, should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - William Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Urology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
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80
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Berman AY, Motechin RA, Wiesenfeld MY, Holz MK. The therapeutic potential of resveratrol: a review of clinical trials. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1. [PMID: 28989978 PMCID: PMC5630227 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a nutraceutical with several therapeutic effects. It has been shown to mimic effects of caloric restriction, exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, and affect the initiation and progression of many diseases through several mechanisms. While there is a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence that resveratrol could be a promising therapeutic agent, clinical trials must confirm its potential. In this work, we reviewed the current clinical data available regarding the pharmacological action of resveratrol. Most of the clinical trials of resveratrol have focused on cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. We found that for neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, the current clinical trials show that resveratrol was well tolerated and beneficially influenced disease biomarkers. However resveratrol had ambiguous and sometimes even detrimental effects in certain types of cancers and in NAFLD. In most of the clinical trials, the major obstacle presented was resveratrol’s poor bioavailability. Thus, this work provides useful considerations for the planning and design of future pre-clinical and clinical research on resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Y Berman
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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81
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Significance of Resveratrol in Clinical Management of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081329. [PMID: 28820474 PMCID: PMC6152193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol could be beneficial to health and provides protection against a wide array of pathologies and age-associated problems, as evident from preclinical studies. However, a comparison of animal and human studies reveals that this dietary polyphenol cannot protect against metabolic diseases and their associated complications. The clinical outcomes are affected by many factors such as sample size. This article not only presents a comprehensive review of the current advances concerning the dose, the extent of absorption, interaction and toxicity of resveratrol in human studies, but also describes its therapeutic effects against several chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and aging and the related diseases.
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82
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Rodriguez-Bravo V, Carceles-Cordon M, Hoshida Y, Cordon-Cardo C, Galsky MD, Domingo-Domenech J. The role of GATA2 in lethal prostate cancer aggressiveness. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:38-48. [PMID: 27872477 PMCID: PMC5489122 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a classic example of the intractability and consequent lethality that characterizes metastatic carcinomas. Novel treatments have improved the survival of men with prostate cancer; however, advanced prostate cancer invariably becomes resistant to these therapies and ultimately progresses to a lethal metastatic stage. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control prostate cancer cell survival and progression towards this lethal stage of disease will benefit the development of new therapeutics. The transcription factor endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2) has been reported to have a key role in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition to being a pioneer transcription factor that increases androgen receptor (AR) binding and activity, GATA2 regulates a core subset of clinically relevant genes in an AR-independent manner. Functionally, GATA2 overexpression in prostate cancer increases cellular motility and invasiveness, proliferation, tumorigenicity, and resistance to standard therapies. Thus, GATA2 has a multifaceted function in prostate cancer aggressiveness and is a highly attractive target in the development of novel treatments against lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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83
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Burton LJ, Rivera M, Hawsawi O, Zou J, Hudson T, Wang G, Zhang Q, Cubano L, Boukli N, Odero-Marah V. Muscadine Grape Skin Extract Induces an Unfolded Protein Response-Mediated Autophagy in Prostate Cancer Cells: A TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164115. [PMID: 27755556 PMCID: PMC5068743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE) is derived from muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia), a common red grape used to produce red wine. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) that serves as a survival mechanism to relieve ER stress and restore ER homeostasis. However, when persistent, ER stress can alter the cytoprotective functions of the UPR to promote autophagy and cell death. Although MSKE has been documented to induce apoptosis, it has not been linked to ER stress/UPR/autophagy. We hypothesized that MSKE may induce a severe ER stress response-mediated autophagy leading to apoptosis. As a model, we treated C4-2 prostate cancer cells with MSKE and performed a quantitative Tandem Mass Tag Isobaric Labeling proteomic analysis. ER stress response, autophagy and apoptosis were analyzed by western blot, acridine orange and TUNEL/Annexin V staining, respectively. Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that ER stress response proteins, such as GRP78 were greatly elevated following treatment with MSKE. The up-regulation of pro-apoptotic markers PARP, caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, -7, BAX and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic marker BCL2 was confirmed by Western blot analysis and apoptosis was visualized by increased TUNEL/Annexin V staining upon MSKE treatment. Moreover, increased acridine orange, and LC3B staining was detected in MSKE-treated cells, suggesting an ER stress/autophagy response. Finally, MSKE-mediated autophagy and apoptosis was antagonized by co-treatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Our results indicate that MSKE can elicit an UPR that can eventually lead to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J. Burton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, United States of America
| | - Mariela Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR, 00956, United States of America
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, United States of America
| | - Jin Zou
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, United States of America
| | - Tamaro Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, United States of America
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, New Orleans, LA, 70125, United States of America
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, New Orleans, LA, 70125, United States of America
| | - Luis Cubano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR, 00956, United States of America
| | - Nawal Boukli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR, 00956, United States of America
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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84
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Hussain SS, Kumar AP, Ghosh R. Food-based natural products for cancer management: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:233-246. [PMID: 27397504 PMCID: PMC5067244 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rise in cancer incidence and mortality in developing countries together with the human and financial cost of current cancer therapy mandates a closer look at alternative ways to overcome this burgeoning global healthcare problem. Epidemiological evidence for the association between cancer and diet and the long latency of most cancer progression have led to active exploration of whole and isolated natural chemicals from different naturally occurring substances in various preclinical and clinical settings. In general the lack of systemic toxicities of most 'whole' and 'isolated' natural compounds, their potential to reduce toxic doses and potential to delay the development of drug-resistance makes them promising candidates for cancer management. This review article examines the suggested molecular mechanisms affected by these substances focusing to a large extent on prostate cancer and deliberates on the disparate results obtained from cell culture, preclinical and clinical studies in an effort to highlight the use of whole extracts and isolated constituents for intervention. As such these studies underscore the importance of factors such as treatment duration, bioavailability, route of administration, selection criteria, standardized formulation and clinical end points in clinical trial design with both entities. Overall lack of parallel comparison studies between the whole natural products and their isolated compounds limits decisive conclusions regarding the superior utility of one over the other. We suggest the critical need for rigorous comparative research to identify which one of the two or both entities from nature would be best qualified to take on the mantle of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman S Hussain
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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85
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Paller CJ, Denmeade SR, Carducci MA. Challenges of conducting clinical trials of natural products to combat cancer. CLINICAL ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY : H&O 2016; 14:447-455. [PMID: 27379814 PMCID: PMC8521639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous drugs that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for use in cancer therapy are derived from plants, including taxanes such as paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids such as vinblastine. Dietary supplements are another category of natural products that are widely used by patients with cancer, but without the FDA-reviewed evidence of safety and efficacy--be it related to survival, palliation, symptom mitigation, and/or immune system enhancement-that is required for therapy approval. Nearly half of patients in the United States with cancer report that they started taking new dietary supplements after being given a diagnosis of cancer. Oncologists are challenged in providing advice to patients about which supplements are safe and effective to use to treat cancer or the side effects of cancer therapy, and which supplements are antagonistic to standard treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, and/or immunotherapy. Despite the large number of trials that have been launched, the FDA has not approved any dietary supplement or food to prevent cancer, halt its growth, or prevent its recurrence. In this article, we review the primary challenges faced by researchers attempting to conduct rigorous trials of natural products, including shortages of funding due to lack of patentability, manufacturing difficulties, contamination, and lack of product consistency. We also highlight the methods used by dietary supplement marketers to persuade patients that a supplement is effective (or at least safe) even without FDA approval, as well as the efforts of the US government to protect the health and safety of its citizens by ensuring that the information used to market natural products is accurate. We close with a summary of the most widely used databases of information about the safety, efficacy, and interactions of dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channing J Paller
- Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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86
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Siard MH, McMurry KE, Adams AA. Effects of polyphenols including curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene on lymphocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production of senior horses in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 173:50-9. [PMID: 27090627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Senior horses (aged ≥ 20 years) exhibit increased chronic, low-grade inflammation systemically, termed inflamm-aging. Inflammation is associated with many afflictions common to the horse, including laminitis and osteoarthritis, which are commonly treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone. Although these NSAIDs are effective in treating acute inflammatory problems, long-term treatment with NSAIDs can result in negative side effects. Thus, bioactive polyphenols including curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene were investigated to determine their effectiveness as anti-inflammatory agents in vitro. Heparinized blood was collected via jugular venipuncture from senior horses (n = 6; mean age = 26 ± 2 years), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated using a Ficoll density gradient. PBMC were then incubated 22 h at 37°C, 5% CO2 with multiple concentrations (320, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10 μM) of all five polyphenols (curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene), dissolved in DMSO to achieve the aforementioned concentrations. PBMC were stimulated the last 4h of the incubation period with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and Brefeldin A (BFA). A Vicell-XR counter evaluated cell viability following incubation. PBMC were stained intracellularly for interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and analyzed via flow cytometry. Data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Viability of PBMC incubated with various compound concentrations were compared with PBMC incubated with DMSO alone (positive control) to determine at what concentration each compound caused cytotoxicity. The highest concentration at which cell viability did not significantly differ from the positive control was: 20 μM for curcuminoids, 40 μM for hydroxypterostilbene, 80 μM for pterostilbene, and 160 μM for quercetin and resveratrol. Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone were then evaluated within this range of optimal concentrations for the polyphenol compounds (160, 80, 40, 20 μM) to compare the polyphenols to NSAIDs at equivalent concentrations. The highest concentration at which viability did not significantly differ from the positive control was: 40 μM for flunixin meglumine and 160 μM for phenylbutazone. All five polyphenols and flunixin meglumine significantly decreased lymphocyte production of IFN-γ, while only hydroxypterostilbene, pterostilbene, quercetin, and resveratrol significantly reduced lymphocyte production of TNF-α compared to the positive control (p < 0.05). Polyphenols performed similarly to or more effectively than common NSAIDs in reducing lymphocyte production of inflammatory cytokines of the senior horse in vitro. This study therefore supports the further investigation of polyphenols to determine whether they may be effective anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic inflammation in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Siard
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Kellie E McMurry
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Amanda A Adams
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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