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Domingo A, Amar D, Grütz K, Lee LV, Rosales R, Brüggemann N, Jamora RD, Cutiongco-Dela Paz E, Rolfs A, Dressler D, Walter U, Krainc D, Lohmann K, Shamir R, Klein C, Westenberger A. Evidence of TAF1 dysfunction in peripheral models of X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3205-15. [PMID: 26879577 PMCID: PMC11108471 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The molecular dysfunction in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism is not completely understood. Thus far, only noncoding alterations have been found in genetic analyses, located in or nearby the TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1) gene. Given that this gene is ubiquitously expressed and is a critical component of the cellular transcription machinery, we sought to study differential gene expression in peripheral models by performing microarray-based expression profiling in blood and fibroblasts, and comparing gene expression in affected individuals vs. ethnically matched controls. Validation was performed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction in discovery and independent replication sets. We observed consistent downregulation of common TAF1 transcripts in samples from affected individuals in gene-level and high-throughput experiments. This signal was accompanied by a downstream effect in the microarray, reflected by the dysregulation of 307 genes in the disease group. Gene Ontology and network analyses revealed enrichment of genes involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, a pathway relevant to TAF1 function. Thus, the results converge on TAF1 dysfunction in peripheral models of X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, and provide evidence of altered expression of a canonical gene in this disease. Furthermore, our study illustrates a link between the previously described genetic alterations and TAF1 dysfunction at the transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Domingo
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria Goeppert Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Graduate School Lübeck, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Amar
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karen Grütz
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria Goeppert Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lillian V Lee
- XDP Study Group, Philippine Children's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Raymond Rosales
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria Goeppert Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roland Dominic Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eva Cutiongco-Dela Paz
- National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Dressler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria Goeppert Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ron Shamir
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria Goeppert Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Maria Goeppert Str. 1, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
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Tsolis KC, Bagli E, Kanaki K, Zografou S, Carpentier S, Bei ES, Christoforidis S, Zervakis M, Murphy C, Fotsis T, Economou A. Proteome Changes during Transition from Human Embryonic to Vascular Progenitor Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1995-2007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C. Tsolis
- Department
of Protein structure and Proteomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 70013 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Bagli
- Division
of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 45110 Ioaninna, Greece
| | - Katerina Kanaki
- Department
of Protein structure and Proteomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 70013 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Zografou
- Division
of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 45110 Ioaninna, Greece
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- SYBIOMA, KU Leuven facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry, B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ekaterini S. Bei
- School
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Savvas Christoforidis
- Division
of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 45110 Ioaninna, Greece
- Laboratory
of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michalis Zervakis
- School
of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- Division
of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 45110 Ioaninna, Greece
- School
of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Theodore Fotsis
- Division
of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 45110 Ioaninna, Greece
- Laboratory
of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- School
of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Anastassios Economou
- Department
of Protein structure and Proteomics Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - FORTH, 70013 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
- Department
of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
- SYBIOMA, KU Leuven facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry, B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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53
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Human vascular tissue models formed from human induced pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:511-25. [PMID: 25190668 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a strategy to model blood vessel development using a well-defined induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell type (iPSC-EC) cultured within engineered platforms that mimic the 3D microenvironment. The iPSC-ECs used here were first characterized by expression of endothelial markers and functional properties that included VEGF responsiveness, TNF-α-induced upregulation of cell adhesion molecules (MCAM/CD146; ICAM1/CD54), thrombin-dependent barrier function, shear stress-induced alignment, and 2D and 3D capillary-like network formation in Matrigel. The iPSC-ECs also formed 3D vascular networks in a variety of engineering contexts, yielded perfusable, interconnected lumen when co-cultured with primary human fibroblasts, and aligned with flow in microfluidics devices. iPSC-EC function during tubule network formation, barrier formation, and sprouting was consistent with that of primary ECs, and the results suggest a VEGF-independent mechanism for sprouting, which is relevant to therapeutic anti-angiogenesis strategies. Our combined results demonstrate the feasibility of using a well-defined, stable source of iPSC-ECs to model blood vessel formation within a variety of contexts using standard in vitro formats.
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54
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Biomedical Application of Dental Tissue-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762465. [PMID: 26989423 PMCID: PMC4773578 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The academic researches and clinical applications in recent years found interest in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-) based regenerative medicine due to their pluripotency able to differentiate into any cell types in the body without using embryo. However, it is limited in generating iPSCs from adult somatic cells and use of these cells due to the low stem cell potency and donor site morbidity. In biomedical applications, particularly, dental tissue-derived iPSCs have been getting attention as a type of alternative sources for regenerating damaged tissues due to high potential of stem cell characteristics, easy accessibility and attainment, and their ectomesenchymal origin, which allow them to have potential for nerve, vessel, and dental tissue regeneration. This paper will cover the overview of dental tissue-derived iPSCs and their application with their advantages and drawbacks.
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55
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Orlova VV, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Valdimarsdottir G. BMP-SMAD signaling: From pluripotent stem cells to cardiovascular commitment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 27:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nakano A, Nakano H, Smith KA, Palpant NJ. The developmental origins and lineage contributions of endocardial endothelium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1937-47. [PMID: 26828773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocardial development involves a complex orchestration of cell fate decisions that coordinate with endoderm formation and other mesodermal cell lineages. Historically, investigations into the contribution of endocardium in the developing embryo was constrained to the heart where these cells give rise to the inner lining of the myocardium and are a major contributor to valve formation. In recent years, studies have continued to elucidate the complexities of endocardial fate commitment revealing a much broader scope of lineage potential from developing endocardium. These studies cover a wide range of species and model systems and show direct contribution or fate potential of endocardium giving rise to cardiac vasculature, blood, fibroblast, and cardiomyocyte lineages. This review focuses on the marked expansion of knowledge in the area of endocardial fate potential. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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57
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Directed Endothelial Progenitor Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Via Wnt Activation Under Defined Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1481:183-96. [PMID: 27590162 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6393-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient derivation of endothelial cells and their progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can facilitate studies of human vascular development, disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell-based therapy. Here we provide a detailed protocol for directing hPSCs to functional endothelial cells and their progenitors in a completely defined, growth factor- and serum-free system by temporal modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via small molecules. We demonstrate a 10-day, two-stage process that recapitulates endothelial cell development, in which hPSCs first differentiate to endothelial progenitors that then generate functional endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Methods to characterize endothelial cell identity and function are also described.
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58
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Sriram G, Tan JY, Islam I, Rufaihah AJ, Cao T. Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to arterial and venous endothelial cells under feeder- and serum-free conditions. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:261. [PMID: 26718617 PMCID: PMC4697311 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity of endothelial cells (ECs) is a hallmark of the vascular system which may impact the development and management of vascular disorders. Despite the tremendous progress in differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) towards endothelial lineage, differentiation into arterial and venous endothelial phenotypes remains elusive. Additionally, current differentiation strategies are hampered by inefficiency, lack of reproducibility, and use of animal-derived products. Methods To direct the differentiation of hESCs to endothelial subtypes, H1- and H9-hESCs were seeded on human plasma fibronectin and differentiated under chemically defined conditions by sequential modulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways for 5 days. Following the initial differentiation, the endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+CD31+ cells) were sorted and terminally differentiated under serum-free conditions to arterial and venous ECs. The transcriptome and secretome profiles of the two distinct populations of hESC-derived arterial and venous ECs were characterized. Furthermore, the safety and functionality of these cells upon in vivo transplantation were characterized. Results Sequential modulation of hESCs with GSK-3 inhibitor, bFGF, BMP4 and VEGF resulted in stages reminiscent of primitive streak, early mesoderm/lateral plate mesoderm, and endothelial progenitors under feeder- and serum-free conditions. Furthermore, these endothelial progenitors demonstrated differentiation potential to almost pure populations of arterial and venous endothelial phenotypes under serum-free conditions. Specifically, the endothelial progenitors differentiated to venous ECs in the absence of VEGF, and to arterial phenotype under low concentrations of VEGF. Additionally, these hESC-derived arterial and venous ECs showed distinct molecular and functional profiles in vitro. Furthermore, these hESC-derived arterial and venous ECs were nontumorigenic and were functional in terms of forming perfused microvascular channels upon subcutaneous implantation in the mouse. Conclusions We report a simple, rapid, and efficient protocol for directed differentiation of hESCs into endothelial progenitor cells capable of differentiation to arterial and venous ECs under feeder-free and serum-free conditions. This could offer a human platform to study arterial–venous specification for various applications related to drug discovery, disease modeling and regenerative medicine in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0260-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopu Sriram
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119083, Singapore. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Groove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Jia Yong Tan
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119083, Singapore.
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119083, Singapore.
| | - Abdul Jalil Rufaihah
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore. .,Singapore-Technion Alliance For Research and Technology (START) Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Campus for Research Excellence And Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119083, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, Singapore, 117456, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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59
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Hou L, Kim JJ, Woo YJ, Huang NF. Stem cell-based therapies to promote angiogenesis in ischemic cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H455-65. [PMID: 26683902 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00726.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of tissue ischemia associated with myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease. Stem and progenitor cells derived from bone marrow or from pluripotent stem cells have shown therapeutic benefit in boosting angiogenesis as well as restoring tissue function. Notably, adult stem and progenitor cells including mononuclear cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells have progressed into clinical trials and have shown positive benefits. In this review, we overview the major classes of stem and progenitor cells, including pluripotent stem cells, and summarize the state of the art in applying these cell types for treating myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqia Hou
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Joseph J Kim
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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60
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Wilson HK, Canfield SG, Shusta EV, Palecek SP. Concise review: tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3037-45. [PMID: 25070152 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) display significant heterogeneity across tissue types, playing an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Recent work demonstrating the derivation of tissue-specific microvascular endothelial cells (TS-MVECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has ignited the potential to generate tissue-specific models which may be applied to regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling applications. Here, we review techniques by which hPSC-derived TS-MVECs have been made to date and discuss how current hPSC-EC differentiation protocols may be directed toward tissue-specific fates. We begin by discussing the nature of EC tissue specificity in vivo and review general hPSC-EC differentiation protocols generated over the last decade. Finally, we describe how specificity can be integrated into hPSC-EC protocols to generate hPSC-derived TS-MVECs in vitro, including EC and parenchymal cell coculture, directed differentiation, and direct reprogramming strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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61
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Song W, Kaufman DS, Shen W. Efficient generation of endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells and characterization of their functional properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:678-687. [PMID: 26519950 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although endothelial cells (ECs) have been derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), large-scale generation of hPSC-ECs remains challenging and their functions are not well characterized. Here we report a simple and efficient three-stage method that allows generation of approximately 98 and 9500 ECs on day 16 and day 34, respectively, from each human embryonic stem cell (hESC) input. The functional properties of hESC-ECs derived in the presence and absence of a TGFβ-inhibitory molecule SB431542 were characterized and compared with those of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Confluent monolayers formed by SB431542 + hESC-ECs, SB431542- hESC-ECs, and HUVECs showed similar permeability to 10,000 Da dextran, but these cells exhibited striking differences in forming tube-like structures in 3D fibrin gels. The SB431542 + hESC-ECs were most potent in forming tube-like structures regardless of whether VEGF and bFGF were present in the medium; less potent SB431542- hESC-ECs and HUVECs responded differently to VEGF and bFGF, which significantly enhanced the ability of HUVECs to form tube-like structures but had little impact on SB431542- hESC-ECs. This study offers an efficient approach to large-scale hPSC-EC production and suggests that the phenotypes and functions of hPSC-ECs derived under different conditions need to be thoroughly examined before their use in technology development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 678-687, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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Masuda S, Matsuura K, Anazawa M, Iwamiya T, Shimizu T, Okano T. Formation of vascular network structures within cardiac cell sheets from mouse embryonic stem cells. Regen Ther 2015; 2:6-16. [PMID: 31245454 PMCID: PMC6581788 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered cardiac tissues represent a promising strategy for regenerative medicine. However, methods of vascularization and suitable cell sources for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have not yet been established. In this study, we developed methods for the induction of vascular endothelial cells from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells using three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture, and fabricated cardiac cell sheets with a pre-vascularized structure by co-culture of mouse ES cell-derived endothelial cells. After induction, isolated CD31+ cells expressed several endothelial cell marker genes and exhibited the ability to form vascular network structures similar to CD31+ cells from neonatal mouse heart. Co-culture of ES cell-derived CD31+ cells with ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes and dermal fibroblasts resulted in the formation of cardiac cell sheets with microvascular network formation. In contrast, microvascular network formation was reduced in co-cultures without cardiomyocytes, suggesting that cardiomyocytes within the cell sheet might enhance vascular endothelial cell sprouting. Polymerase chain reaction array analysis revealed that the expression levels of several angiogenesis-related genes, including fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), were up-regulated in co-culture with cardiomyocytes compared with cultures without cardiomyocytes. The microvascular network in the cardiac sheets was attenuated by treatment with anti-FGF1 antibody. These results indicate that 3D suspension culture methods may be used to prepare functional vascular endothelial cells from mouse ES cells, and that cardiomyocyte-mediated paracrine effects might be important for fabricating pre-vascularized cardiac cell sheets. We developed 3D culture to induce vascular endothelial cells from mouse ES cells. Pre-vascularized cardiac sheets from mouse ES cell-derived cells were prepared. ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes promote vascular network formation via secreted FGF1.
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Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- Acvrl1, activin receptor like 1
- CXCR4, chemokine receptor type 4
- Cardiac cell sheet
- Col4a3, collagen type IV alpha 3
- Cxcl5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5
- Dll4, delta-like ligand 4
- ES cell, embryonic stem cell
- EYFP, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein
- Efnb2, ephrin-B2
- Egf, epidermal growth factor
- Endothelial cell differentiation
- Ephb4, ephrin type-B receptor 4
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF1, fibroblast growth factor 1
- Fibroblast growth factor 1
- Flk1, fetal liver kinase 1
- Flt1, fms-related tyrosine kinase 1
- Gusb, glucuronidase, beta
- KDR, kinase insert domain receptor
- LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
- MACS, magnetic-activated cell sorting
- Mdk, midkine
- Microvascular network formation
- Mouse embryonic stem cells
- NEAA, non-essential amino acids
- Notch1, Notch homolog 1
- Nr2f2, nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group f, member 2
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Pecam1, platelet/endothelial adhesion molecule 1
- Pou5f1, POU class 5 homeobox 1
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- TIMP2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2
- Tgfa, transforming growth factor, alpha
- Three-dimensional suspension culture
- Tymp, thymidine phosphorylase
- VE-cadherin, vascular endothelial cadherin
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iPS cell, inducible pluripotent stem cell
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinako Masuda
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mie Anazawa
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamiya
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Nakayama KH, Hong G, Lee JC, Patel J, Edwards B, Zaitseva TS, Paukshto MV, Dai H, Cooke JP, Woo YJ, Huang NF. Aligned-Braided Nanofibrillar Scaffold with Endothelial Cells Enhances Arteriogenesis. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6900-8. [PMID: 26061869 PMCID: PMC4757475 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to enhance the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells (ECs) using nanoscale signaling cues from aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in the setting of tissue ischemia. Thread-like nanofibrillar scaffolds with porous structure were fabricated from aligned-braided membranes generated under shear from liquid crystal collagen solution. Human ECs showed greater outgrowth from aligned scaffolds than from nonpatterned scaffolds. Integrin α1 was in part responsible for the enhanced cellular outgrowth on aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, as the effect was abrogated by integrin α1 inhibition. To test the efficacy of EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds in improving neovascularization in vivo, the ischemic limbs of mice were treated with EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffold; EC-seeded nonpatterned scaffold; ECs in saline; aligned nanofibrillar scaffold alone; or no treatment. After 14 days, laser Doppler blood spectroscopy demonstrated significant improvement in blood perfusion recovery when treated with EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds, in comparison to ECs in saline or no treatment. In ischemic hindlimbs treated with scaffolds seeded with human ECs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECs), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) fluorophores were systemically delivered to quantify microvascular density after 28 days. Near infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) imaging of SWNT fluorophores demonstrated that iPSC-EC-seeded aligned scaffolds group showed significantly higher microvascular density than the saline or cells groups. These data suggest that treatment with EC-seeded aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds improved blood perfusion and arteriogenesis, when compared to treatment with cells alone or scaffold alone, and have important implications in the design of therapeutic cell delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina H. Nakayama
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerry C. Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Edwards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Hongjie Dai
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Address for Correspondence: Ngan F. Huang, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Address: 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, Tel: (650) 849-0559, Fax: (650) 849-1215,
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64
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Orlova VV, Mummery CL. What Endothelial Cells from Patient iPSCs Can Tell Us about Aortic Valve Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:455-7. [PMID: 25957898 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a recent issue of Cell, Theodoris et al. (2015) used a complex systems biology approach to model vascular aortic calcification caused by mutations in the NOTCH1 gene. Comparison of endothelial cells from patient hiPSCs and genetically matched controls under fluid flow revealed novel mechanisms underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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65
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Palpant NJ, Pabon L, Roberts M, Hadland B, Jones D, Jones C, Moon RT, Ruzzo WL, Bernstein I, Zheng Y, Murry CE. Inhibition of β-catenin signaling respecifies anterior-like endothelium into beating human cardiomyocytes. Development 2015; 142:3198-209. [PMID: 26153229 PMCID: PMC4582173 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate development, mesodermal fate choices are regulated by interactions between morphogens such as activin/nodal, BMPs and Wnt/β-catenin that define anterior-posterior patterning and specify downstream derivatives including cardiomyocyte, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We used human embryonic stem cells to explore how these pathways control mesodermal fate choices in vitro. Varying doses of activin A and BMP4 to mimic cytokine gradient polarization in the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo led to differential activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and specified distinct anterior-like (high activin/low BMP) and posterior-like (low activin/high BMP) mesodermal populations. Cardiogenic mesoderm was generated under conditions specifying anterior-like mesoderm, whereas blood-forming endothelium was generated from posterior-like mesoderm, and vessel-forming CD31+ endothelial cells were generated from all mesoderm origins. Surprisingly, inhibition of β-catenin signaling led to the highly efficient respecification of anterior-like endothelium into beating cardiomyocytes. Cardiac respecification was not observed in posterior-derived endothelial cells. Thus, activin/BMP gradients specify distinct mesodermal subpopulations that generate cell derivatives with unique angiogenic, hemogenic and cardiogenic properties that should be useful for understanding embryogenesis and developing therapeutics. Summary: The manipulation of signals that control embryonic patterning allows human pluripotent stem cells to be differentiated into endothelial subpopulations with distinct haematopoietic, angiogenic and cardiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Palpant
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Meredith Roberts
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christina Jones
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Randall T Moon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Walter L Ruzzo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Irwin Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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66
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Miki K, Endo K, Takahashi S, Funakoshi S, Takei I, Katayama S, Toyoda T, Kotaka M, Takaki T, Umeda M, Okubo C, Nishikawa M, Oishi A, Narita M, Miyashita I, Asano K, Hayashi K, Osafune K, Yamanaka S, Saito H, Yoshida Y. Efficient Detection and Purification of Cell Populations Using Synthetic MicroRNA Switches. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:699-711. [PMID: 26004781 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of specific cell types, including pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived populations, is frequently accomplished using cell surface antigens expressed by the cells of interest. However, specific antigens for many cell types have not been identified, making their isolation difficult. Here, we describe an efficient method for purifying cells based on endogenous miRNA activity. We designed synthetic mRNAs encoding a fluorescent protein tagged with sequences targeted by miRNAs expressed by the cells of interest. These miRNA switches control their translation levels by sensing miRNA activities. Several miRNA switches (miR-1-, miR-208a-, and miR-499a-5p-switches) efficiently purified cardiomyocytes differentiated from human PSCs, and switches encoding the apoptosis inducer Bim enriched for cardiomyocytes without cell sorting. This approach is generally applicable, as miR-126-, miR-122-5p-, and miR-375-switches purified endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and insulin-producing cells differentiated from hPSCs, respectively. Thus, miRNA switches can purify cell populations for which other isolation strategies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Seiya Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikue Takei
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shota Katayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maki Kotaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chikako Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Oishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ito Miyashita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kanako Asano
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Karin Hayashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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67
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Li Y, Lin B, Yang L. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of multiple cardiovascular fates from embryonic stem cells predicts novel regulators in human cardiogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9758. [PMID: 25997157 PMCID: PMC4440522 DOI: 10.1038/srep09758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissecting the gene expression programs which control the early stage cardiovascular development is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of human heart development and heart disease. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of highly purified human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs), hESC-derived Multipotential Cardiovascular Progenitors (MCPs) and MCP-specified three cardiovascular lineages. A novel algorithm, named as Gene Expression Pattern Analyzer (GEPA), was developed to obtain a refined lineage-specificity map of all sequenced genes, which reveals dynamic changes of transcriptional factor networks underlying early human cardiovascular development. Moreover, our GEPA predictions captured ~90% of top-ranked regulatory cardiac genes that were previously predicted based on chromatin signature changes in hESCs, and further defined their cardiovascular lineage-specificities, indicating that our multi-fate comparison analysis could predict novel regulatory genes. Furthermore, GEPA analysis revealed the MCP-specific expressions of genes in ephrin signaling pathway, positive role of which in cardiomyocyte differentiation was further validated experimentally. By using RNA-seq plus GEPA workflow, we also identified stage-specific RNA splicing switch and lineage-enriched long non-coding RNAs during human cardiovascular differentiation. Overall, our study utilized multi-cell-fate transcriptomic comparison analysis to establish a lineage-specific gene expression map for predicting and validating novel regulatory mechanisms underlying early human cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th Street, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15201
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68
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Theodoris CV, Li M, White MP, Liu L, He D, Pollard KS, Bruneau BG, Srivastava D. Human disease modeling reveals integrated transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of NOTCH1 haploinsufficiency. Cell 2015; 160:1072-86. [PMID: 25768904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which transcription factor haploinsufficiency alters the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape in human cells to cause disease are unknown. Here, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) to show that heterozygous nonsense mutations in NOTCH1 that cause aortic valve calcification disrupt the epigenetic architecture, resulting in derepression of latent pro-osteogenic and -inflammatory gene networks. Hemodynamic shear stress, which protects valves from calcification in vivo, activated anti-osteogenic and anti-inflammatory networks in NOTCH1(+/+), but not NOTCH1(+/-), iPSC-derived ECs. NOTCH1 haploinsufficiency altered H3K27ac at NOTCH1-bound enhancers, dysregulating downstream transcription of more than 1,000 genes involved in osteogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Computational predictions of the disrupted NOTCH1-dependent gene network revealed regulatory nodes that, when modulated, restored the network toward the NOTCH1(+/+) state. Our results highlight how alterations in transcription factor dosage affect gene networks leading to human disease and reveal nodes for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Theodoris
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Molong Li
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark P White
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel He
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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69
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Wu YT, I-Shing Yu, Tsai KJ, Shih CY, Hwang SM, Su IJ, Chiang PM. Defining minimum essential factors to derive highly pure human endothelial cells from iPS/ES cells in an animal substance-free system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9718. [PMID: 25864432 PMCID: PMC4394195 DOI: 10.1038/srep09718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is desirable to obtain unlimited supplies of endothelial cells for research and therapeutics. However, current methods of deriving endothelial cells from humans suffer from issues, such as limited supplies, contamination from animal substances, and lengthy/complicated procedures. In this article we developed a way to differentiate human iPS and ES cells to highly pure endothelial cells in 5 days. The chemically defined system is robust, easy to perform, and free of animal substances. Using the system, we verified that combined TGFβ and canonical Wnt agonists are essential and sufficient for iPS/ES cell-to-mesoderm transition. Besides, VEGF-KDR signaling alone is required for endothelial formation at high density while supplementation with FGF allows for colonial endothelial differentiation. Finally, anti-adsorptive agents could enrich the endothelial output by allowing selective attachment of the endothelial precursors. The system was validated to work on multiple iPS/ES cells lines to produce endothelial cells capable of forming capillary-like structures in vitro and integrating into host vasculature in vivo. In sum, the simple yet robust differentiation system permits the unlimited supply of human endothelial cells. The defined and animal substance-free nature of the system is compatible with clinical applications and characterization of endothelial differentiation in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yu Shih
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Min Chiang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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70
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Beaudoin M, Gupta RM, Won HH, Lo KS, Do R, Henderson CA, Lavoie-St-Amour C, Langlois S, Rivas D, Lehoux S, Kathiresan S, Tardif JC, Musunuru K, Lettre G. Myocardial Infarction-Associated SNP at 6p24 Interferes With MEF2 Binding and Associates With PHACTR1 Expression Levels in Human Coronary Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1472-1479. [PMID: 25838425 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD), including myocardial infarction (MI), is the main cause of death in the world. Genome-wide association studies have identified dozens of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CAD/MI. One of the most robust CAD/MI genetic associations is with intronic SNPs in the gene PHACTR1 on chromosome 6p24. How these PHACTR1 SNPs influence CAD/MI risk, and whether PHACTR1 itself is the causal gene at the locus, is currently unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using genetic fine-mapping and DNA resequencing experiments, we prioritized an intronic SNP (rs9349379) in PHACTR1 as causal variant. We showed that this variant is an expression quantitative trait locus for PHACTR1 expression in human coronary arteries. Experiments in endothelial cell extracts confirmed that alleles at rs9349379 are differentially bound by the transcription factors myocyte enhancer factor-2. We engineered a deletion of this myocyte enhancer factor-2-binding site using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing methodology. Heterozygous endothelial cells carrying this deletion express 35% less PHACTR1. Finally, we found no evidence that PHACTR1 expression levels are induced when stimulating human endothelial cells with vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, or shear stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish a link between intronic SNPs in PHACTR1, myocyte enhancer factor-2 binding, and transcriptional functions at the locus, PHACTR1 expression levels in coronary arteries and CAD/MI risk. Because PHACTR1 SNPs are not associated with the traditional risk factors for CAD/MI (eg, blood lipids or pressure, diabetes mellitus), our results suggest that PHACTR1 may influence CAD/MI risk through as yet unknown mechanisms in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Beaudoin
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Center of Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Ron Do
- Center of Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Henderson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Simon Langlois
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Daniel Rivas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lehoux
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center of Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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71
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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72
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Sivarapatna A, Ghaedi M, Le AV, Mendez JJ, Qyang Y, Niklason LE. Arterial specification of endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a biomimetic flow bioreactor. Biomaterials 2015; 53:621-33. [PMID: 25890758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) exist in different microenvironments in vivo, including under different levels of shear stress in arteries versus veins. Standard stem cell differentiation protocols to derive ECs and EC-subtypes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generally use growth factors or other soluble factors in an effort to specify cell fate. In this study, a biomimetic flow bioreactor was used to subject hiPSC-derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) to shear stress to determine the impacts on phenotype and upregulation of markers associated with an anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, arterial-like phenotype. The in vitro bioreactor system was able to efficiently mature hiPSC-ECs into arterial-like cells in 24 h, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR for arterial markers EphrinB2, CXCR4, Conexin40 and Notch1, as well protein-level expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). Furthermore, the exogenous addition of soluble factors was not able to fully recapitulate this phenotype that was imparted by shear stress exposure. The induction of these phenotypic changes was biomechanically mediated in the shear stress bioreactor. This biomimetic flow bioreactor is an effective means for the differentiation of hiPSC-ECs toward an arterial-like phenotype, and is amenable to scale-up for culturing large quantities of cells for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Andrew V Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Julio J Mendez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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73
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Rana AA, Callery EM. Applications of nuclear reprogramming and directed differentiation in vascular regenerative medicine. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:191-8. [PMID: 25064145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As vertebrates proceed through embryonic development the growing organism cannot survive on diffusion of oxygen and nutrients alone and establishment of vascular system is fundamental for embryonic development to proceed. Dysfunction of the vascular system in adults is at the heart of many disease states such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review we will focus on attempts to generate the key cells of the vascular system, the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Regardless of their origin, be it embryonic or via somatic cell reprogramming, pluripotent stem cells provide limitlessly self-renewing populations of material suitable for the generation of multi-lineage isogenic vascular cells-types that can be used as tools to study normal cell and tissue biology, model disease states and also as tools for drug screening and future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer A Rana
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Box 157, 5th Floor, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Elizabeth M Callery
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Box 157, 5th Floor, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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74
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Lindgren AG, Veldman MB, Lin S. ETV2 expression increases the efficiency of primitive endothelial cell derivation from human embryonic stem cells. CELL REGENERATION 2015; 4:1. [PMID: 25780560 PMCID: PMC4318149 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-014-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells line the luminal surface of blood vessels and form a barrier between the blood and other tissues of the body. Ets variant 2 (ETV2) is transiently expressed in both zebrafish and mice and is necessary and sufficient for vascular endothelial cell specification. Overexpression of this gene in early zebrafish and mouse embryos results in ectopic appearance of endothelial cells. Ectopic expression of ETV2 in later development results in only a subset of cells responding to the signal. FINDINGS We have examined the expression pattern of ETV2 in differentiating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to determine when the peak of ETV2 expression occurs. We show that overexpression of ETV2 in differentiating human ESC is able to increase the number of endothelial cells generated when administered during or after the endogenous peak of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Addition of exogenous ETV2 to human ESCs significantly increased the number of cells expressing angioblast genes without arterial or venous specification. This may be a viable solution to generate in vitro endothelial cells for use in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Lindgren
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Matthew B Veldman
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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75
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Lian X, Bao X, Al-Ahmad A, Liu J, Wu Y, Dong W, Dunn KK, Shusta EV, Palecek SP. Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to endothelial progenitors via small-molecule activation of WNT signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:804-16. [PMID: 25418725 PMCID: PMC4235141 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial cells and their progenitors may provide the means for vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs and can serve as models to study vascular development and disease. Here, we report a method to efficiently produce endothelial cells from hPSCs via GSK3 inhibition and culture in defined media to direct hPSC differentiation to CD34+CD31+ endothelial progenitors. Exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment was dispensable, and endothelial progenitor differentiation was β-catenin dependent. Furthermore, by clonal analysis, we showed that CD34+CD31+CD117+TIE-2+ endothelial progenitors were multipotent, capable of differentiating into calponin-expressing smooth muscle cells and CD31+CD144+vWF+I-CAM1+ endothelial cells. These endothelial cells were capable of 20 population doublings, formed tube-like structures, imported acetylated low-density lipoprotein, and maintained a dynamic barrier function. This study provides a rapid and efficient method for production of hPSC-derived endothelial progenitors and endothelial cells and identifies WNT/β-catenin signaling as a primary regulator for generating vascular cells from hPSCs. WNT pathway activation directs hPSC differentiation to endothelial progenitors hPSC-derived endothelial progenitors can differentiate to endothelial cells Purified hPSC-derived endothelial cells are capable of 20 population doublings WNT pathway activation permits defined production of endothelial cells from hPSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kaitlin K Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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76
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Purwanti YI, Chen C, Lam DH, Wu C, Zeng J, Fan W, Wang S. Antitumor effects of CD40 ligand-expressing endothelial progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a metastatic breast cancer model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:923-35. [PMID: 24972599 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their intrinsic ability to home to tumor sites, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are attractive as cellular vehicles for targeted cancer gene therapy. However, collecting sufficient EPCs is one of the challenging issues critical for effective clinical translation of this new approach. In this study, we sought to explore whether human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could be used as a reliable and accessible cell source to generate human EPCs suitable for cancer treatment. We used an embryoid body formation method to derive CD133(+)CD34(+) EPCs from human iPS cells. The generated EPCs expressed endothelial markers such as CD31, Flk1, and vascular endothelial-cadherin without expression of the CD45 hematopoietic marker. After intravenous injection, the iPS cell-derived EPCs migrated toward orthotopic and lung metastatic tumors in the mouse 4T1 breast cancer model but did not promote tumor growth and metastasis. To investigate their therapeutic potential, the EPCs were transduced with baculovirus encoding the potent T cell costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand. The systemic injection of the CD40 ligand-expressing EPCs stimulated the secretion of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ and increased the caspase 3/7 activity in the lungs with metastatic tumors, leading to prolonged survival of the tumor bearing mice. Therefore, our findings suggest that human iPS cell-derived EPCs have the potential to serve as tumor-targeted cellular vehicles for anticancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovita Ida Purwanti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dang Hoang Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieming Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Reconstitution of cardiac muscle as well as blood vessels to provide sufficient oxygenation and nutrients to the myocardium is an important component of any therapeutic approach for cardiac repair after injury. Recent reports of reprogramming somatic cells directly to cells of another lineage raised the possibility of using cell reprogramming for cardiac regenerative therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the current reprogramming strategies to generate cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and the implications of these methods for cardiac regeneration. We also discuss the challenges and limitations that need to be addressed for the development of future therapies.
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Efthymiou AG, Chen G, Rao M, Chen G, Boehm M. Self-renewal and cell lineage differentiation strategies in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1333-44. [PMID: 24881868 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.922533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the initial discoveries of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, many strategies have been developed to utilize the potential of these cells for translational research and disease modeling. The success of these aims and the development of future applications in this area will depend on the ability to generate high-quality and large numbers of differentiated cell types that genetically, epigenetically, and functionally mimic the cells found in the body. AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlight the current strategies used to maintain stem cell pluripotency (a measure of stem cell quality), as well as provide an overview of the various differentiation strategies being used to generate cells from all three germ lineages. We also discuss the particular considerations that must be addressed when utilizing these cells for translational therapy, and provide an example of a cell type currently used in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The major challenge in regenerative medicine and disease modeling will be in generating functional cells of sufficient quality that are physiologically and epigenetically similar to the diverse cells that they are modeled after. By meeting these criteria, these differentiated products can be successfully used in disease modeling, drug/toxicology screens, and cellular replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Efthymiou
- National Institutes of Health, Center for Regenerative Medicine , Bethesda, MD , USA
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79
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Orlova VV, van den Hil FE, Petrus-Reurer S, Drabsch Y, Ten Dijke P, Mummery CL. Generation, expansion and functional analysis of endothelial cells and pericytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:1514-31. [PMID: 24874816 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes are of great interest for research on vascular development and disease, as well as for future therapy. This protocol describes the efficient generation of ECs and pericytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) under defined conditions. Essential steps for hPSC culture, differentiation, isolation and functional characterization of ECs and pericytes are described. Substantial numbers of both cell types can be derived in only 2-3 weeks: this involves differentiation (10 d), isolation (1 d) and 4 or 10 d of expansion of ECs and pericytes, respectively. We also describe two assays for functional evaluation of hPSC-derived ECs: (i) primary vascular plexus formation upon coculture with hPSC-derived pericytes and (ii) incorporation in the vasculature of zebrafish xenografts in vivo. These assays can be used to test the quality and drug sensitivity of hPSC-derived ECs and model vascular diseases with patient-derived hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V Orlova
- 1] Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. [2] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette Drabsch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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80
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent a powerful new model system to study the basic mechanisms of inherited cardiomyopathies. hiPSC-CMs have been utilized to model several cardiovascular diseases, achieving the most success in the inherited arrhythmias, including long QT and Timothy syndromes (Moretti et al. N Engl J Med. 363:1397-409, 2010; Yazawa et al. Nature. 471:230-4, 2011) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) (Ma et al. Eur Heart J. 34:1122-33, 2013). Recently, studies have applied hiPSC-CMs to the study of both dilated (DCM) (Sun et al. Sci Transl Med. 4:130ra47, 2012) and hypertrophic (HCM) cardiomyopathies (Lan et al. Cell Stem Cell. 12:101-13, 2013; Carvajal-Vergara et al. Nature. 465:808-12, 2010), providing new insights into basic mechanisms of disease. However, hiPSC-CMs do not recapitulate many of the structural and functional aspects of mature human cardiomyocytes, instead mirroring an immature - embryonic or fetal - phenotype. Much work remains in order to better understand these differences, as well as to develop methods to induce hiPSC-CMs into a fully mature phenotype. Despite these limitations, hiPSC-CMs represent the best current in vitro correlate of the human heart and an invaluable tool in the search for mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy and for screening new pharmacologic therapies.
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81
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Calle EA, Ghaedi M, Sundaram S, Sivarapatna A, Tseng MK, Niklason LE. Strategies for whole lung tissue engineering. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 61:1482-96. [PMID: 24691527 PMCID: PMC4126648 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2314261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of using decellularized lung extracellular matrix scaffolds to support the engineering of functional lung tissue in vitro. Rendered acellular through the use of detergents and other reagents, the scaffolds are mounted in organ-specific bioreactors where cells in the scaffold are provided with nutrients and appropriate mechanical stimuli such as ventilation and perfusion. Though initial studies are encouraging, a great deal remains to be done to advance the field and transition from rodent lungs to whole human tissue engineered lungs. To do so, a variety of hurdles must be overcome. In particular, a reliable source of human-sized scaffolds, as well as a method of terminal sterilization of scaffolds, must be identified. Continued research in lung cell and developmental biology will hopefully help identify the number and types of cells that will be required to regenerate functional lung tissue. Finally, bioreactor designs must be improved in order to provide more precise ventilation stimuli and vascular perfusion in order to avoid injury to or death of the cells cultivated within the scaffold. Ultimately, the success of efforts to engineer a functional lung in vitro will critically depend on the ability to create a fully endothelialized vascular network that provides sufficient barrier function and alveolar-capillary surface area to exchange gas at rates compatible with healthy lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Calle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Sumati Sundaram
- Department of Anesthesia, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Michelle K. Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Anesthesia and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
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82
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Coulombe KLK, Bajpai VK, Andreadis ST, Murry CE. Heart regeneration with engineered myocardial tissue. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 16:1-28. [PMID: 24819474 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071812-152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and regenerative therapies that replace damaged myocardium could benefit millions of patients annually. The many cell types in the heart, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and cardiac fibroblasts, communicate via intercellular signaling and modulate each other's function. Although much progress has been made in generating cells of the cardiovascular lineage from human pluripotent stem cells, a major challenge now is creating the tissue architecture to integrate a microvascular circulation and afferent arterioles into such an engineered tissue. Recent advances in cardiac and vascular tissue engineering will move us closer to the goal of generating functionally mature tissue. Using the biology of the myocardium as the foundation for designing engineered tissue and addressing the challenges to implantation and integration, we can bridge the gap from bench to bedside for a clinically tractable engineered cardiac tissue.
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83
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Kusuma S, Gerecht S. Recent progress in the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in vascular regeneration. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:661-3. [PMID: 23750673 DOI: 10.1586/erc.13.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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84
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Effects of antioxidants on the quality and genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3779. [PMID: 24445363 PMCID: PMC3896906 DOI: 10.1038/srep03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of antioxidants on the quality and genomic stability of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were investigated with two human iPS cell lines (201B7 and 253G1). Cells used in this study were expanded from a single colony of each cell line with the addition of proprietary antioxidant supplement or homemade antioxidant cocktail in medium, and maintained in parallel for 2 months. The cells grew well in all culture conditions and kept “stemness”. Although antioxidants modestly decreased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, there were no differences in the expression of 53BP1 and pATM, two critical molecules related with DNA damage and repair, under various culture conditions. CGH analysis showed that the events of genetic aberrations were decreased only in the 253G1 iPS cells with the addition of homemade antioxidant cocktail. Long-term culture will be necessary to confirm whether low dose antioxidants improve the quality and genomic stability of iPS cells.
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85
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders affecting the bones and joints are major health problems among children and adults. Major challenges such as the genetic origins or poor diagnostics of severe skeletal disease hinder our understanding of human skeletal diseases. The recent advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (human iPS cells) provides an unparalleled opportunity to create human-specific models of human skeletal diseases. iPS cells have the ability to self-renew, allowing us to obtain large amounts of starting material, and have the potential to differentiate into any cell types in the body. In addition, they can carry one or more mutations responsible for the disease of interest or be genetically corrected to create isogenic controls. Our work has focused on modeling rare musculoskeletal disorders including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP), a congenital disease of increased heterotopic ossification. In this review, we will discuss our experiences and protocols differentiating human iPS cells toward the osteogenic lineage and their application to model skeletal diseases. A number of critical challenges and exciting new approaches are also discussed, which will allow the skeletal biology field to harness the potential of human iPS cells as a critical model system for understanding diseases of abnormal skeletal formation and bone regeneration.
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86
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Orlova VV, Drabsch Y, Freund C, Petrus-Reurer S, van den Hil FE, Muenthaisong S, Dijke PT, Mummery CL. Functionality of Endothelial Cells and Pericytes From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Demonstrated in Cultured Vascular Plexus and Zebrafish Xenografts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:177-86. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V. Orlova
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette Drabsch
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Freund
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E. van den Hil
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suchitra Muenthaisong
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- From the Department of Anatomy and Embryology (V.V.O., C.F., S.P.-R., F.E.v.d.H., S.M., C.L.M.) and Department of Molecular Cell Biology (V.V.O., Y.D., P.t.D.), Cancer Genomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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87
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Li S, Sengupta D, Chien S. Vascular tissue engineering: from in vitro to in situ. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 6:61-76. [PMID: 24151038 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels transport blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis may result in obstruction of blood vessels and tissue ischemia. These conditions require blood vessel replacement to restore blood flow at the macrocirculatory level, and angiogenesis is critical for tissue regeneration and remodeling at the microcirculatory level. Vascular tissue engineering has focused on addressing these two major challenges. We provide a systematic review on various approaches for vascular graft tissue engineering. To create blood vessel substitutes, bioengineers and clinicians have explored technologies in cell engineering, materials science, stem cell biology, and medicine. The scaffolds for vascular grafts can be made from native matrix, synthetic polymers, or other biological materials. Besides endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, expandable cells types such as adult stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, and reprogrammed cells have also been used for vascular tissue engineering. Cell-seeded functional tissue-engineered vascular grafts can be constructed in bioreactors in vitro. Alternatively, an autologous vascular graft can be generated in vivo by harvesting the capsule layer formed around a rod implanted in soft tissues. To overcome the scalability issue and make the grafts available off-the-shelf, nonthrombogenic vascular grafts have been engineered that rely on the host cells to regenerate blood vessels in situ. The rapid progress in the field of vascular tissue engineering has led to exciting preclinical and clinical trials. The advancement of micro-/nanotechnology and stem cell engineering, together with in-depth understanding of vascular regeneration mechanisms, will enable the development of new strategies for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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88
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Yoo CH, Na HJ, Lee DS, Heo SC, An Y, Cha J, Choi C, Kim JH, Park JC, Cho YS. Endothelial progenitor cells from human dental pulp-derived iPS cells as a therapeutic target for ischemic vascular diseases. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8149-60. [PMID: 23896001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) are a valuable source for the generation of patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). An advanced strategy for the safe and efficient reprogramming of hDPCs and subsequent lineage-specific differentiation is a critical step toward clinical application. In present research, we successfully generated hDPC-iPSCs using only two non-oncogenic factors: Oct4 and Sox2 (2F hDPC-hiPSCs) and evaluated the feasibility of hDPC-iPSCs as substrates for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), contributing to EPC-based therapies. Under conventional differentiation conditions, 2F hDPC-hiPSCs showed higher differentiation efficiency, compared to hiPSCs from other cell types, into multipotent CD34(+) EPCs (2F-hEPCs) capable to differentiate into functional endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The angiogenic and neovasculogenic activities of 2F-hEPCs were confirmed using a Matrigel plug assay in mice. In addition, the therapeutic effects of 2F-hEPC transplantation were confirmed in mouse models of hind-limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. Importantly, 2F-EPCs effectively integrated into newly formed vascular structures and enhanced neovascularization via likely both direct and indirect paracrine mechanisms. 2F hDPC-hiPSCs have a robust capability for the generation of angiogenic and vasculogenic EPCs, representing a strategy for patient-specific EPC therapies and disease modeling, particularly for ischemic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hwa Yoo
- Stem Cells Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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89
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Adams WJ, Zhang Y, Cloutier J, Kuchimanchi P, Newton G, Sehrawat S, Aird WC, Mayadas TN, Luscinskas FW, García-Cardeña G. Functional vascular endothelium derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:105-13. [PMID: 24052946 PMCID: PMC3757754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelium is a dynamic cellular interface that displays a unique phenotypic plasticity. This plasticity is critical for vascular function and when dysregulated is pathogenic in several diseases. Human genotype-phenotype studies of endothelium are limited by the unavailability of patient-specific endothelial cells. To establish a cellular platform for studying endothelial biology, we have generated vascular endothelium from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibiting the rich functional phenotypic plasticity of mature primary vascular endothelium. These endothelial cells respond to diverse proinflammatory stimuli, adopting an activated phenotype including leukocyte adhesion molecule expression, cytokine production, and support for leukocyte transmigration. They maintain dynamic barrier properties responsive to multiple vascular permeability factors. Importantly, biomechanical or pharmacological stimuli can induce pathophysiologically relevant atheroprotective or atheroprone phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that iPSC-derived endothelium possesses a repertoire of functional phenotypic plasticity and is amenable to cell-based assays probing endothelial contributions to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Human iPSCs generate vascular ECs with a rich functional repertoire iPSC-ECs can undergo endothelial activation and maintain dynamic permeability Biomechanical forces direct iPSC-ECs to atheroprotective or atheroprone phenotypes iPSC-ECs are directed to an atheroprotective phenotype via pharmacological stimulus
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Adams
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Program in Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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90
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Generation of functionally competent and durable engineered blood vessels from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12774-9. [PMID: 23861493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310675110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation of competent vasculogenic cells is a critical challenge of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell-based regenerative medicine. Biologically relevant systems to assess functionality of the engineered vessels in vivo are equally important for such development. Here, we report a unique approach for the derivation of endothelial precursor cells from hiPS cells using a triple combination of selection markers--CD34, neuropilin 1, and human kinase insert domain-containing receptor--and an efficient 2D culture system for hiPS cell-derived endothelial precursor cell expansion. With these methods, we successfully generated endothelial cells (ECs) from hiPS cells obtained from healthy donors and formed stable functional blood vessels in vivo, lasting for 280 d in mice. In addition, we developed an approach to generate mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) from hiPS cells in parallel. Moreover, we successfully generated functional blood vessels in vivo using these ECs and MPCs derived from the same hiPS cell line. These data provide proof of the principle that autologous hiPS cell-derived vascular precursors can be used for in vivo applications, once safety and immunological issues of hiPS-based cellular therapy have been resolved. Additionally, the durability of hiPS-derived blood vessels in vivo demonstrates a potential translation of this approach in long-term vascularization for tissue engineering and treatment of vascular diseases. Of note, we have also successfully generated ECs and MPCs from type 1 diabetic patient-derived hiPS cell lines and use them to generate blood vessels in vivo, which is an important milestone toward clinical translation of this approach.
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91
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Self-organized vascular networks from human pluripotent stem cells in a synthetic matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12601-6. [PMID: 23858432 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306562110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of tissue regenerative therapies is contingent on functional and multicellular vasculature within the redeveloping tissue. Although endothelial cells (ECs), which compose the vasculature's inner lining, are intrinsically able to form nascent networks, these structures regress without the recruitment of pericytes, supporting cells that surround microvessel endothelium. Reconstruction of typical in vivo microvascular architecture traditionally has been done using distinct cell sources of ECs and pericytes within naturally occurring matrices; however, the limited sources of clinically relevant human cells and the inherent chemical and physical properties of natural materials hamper the translational potential of these approaches. Here we derived a bicellular vascular population from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that undergoes morphogenesis and assembly in a synthetic matrix. We found that hPSCs can be induced to codifferentiate into early vascular cells (EVCs) in a clinically relevant strategy amenable to multiple hPSC lines. These EVCs can mature into ECs and pericytes, and can self-organize to form microvascular networks in an engineered matrix. These engineered human vascular networks survive implantation, integrate with the host vasculature, and establish blood flow. This integrated approach, in which a derived bicellular population is exploited for its intrinsic self-assembly capability to create microvasculature in a deliverable matrix, has vast ramifications for vascular construction and regenerative medicine.
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