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Ghaedi M, Le AV, Hatachi G, Beloiartsev A, Rocco K, Sivarapatna A, Mendez JJ, Baevova P, Dyal RN, Leiby KL, White ES, Niklason LE. Bioengineered lungs generated from human iPSCs-derived epithelial cells on native extracellular matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1623-e1635. [PMID: 29024475 DOI: 10.1002/term.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of an alternative source for donor lungs would change the paradigm of lung transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential feasibility of using decellularized lungs as scaffolds for lung tissue regeneration and subsequent implantation. However, finding a reliable cell source and the ability to scale up for recellularization of the lung scaffold still remain significant challenges. To explore the possibility of regeneration of human lung tissue from stem cells in vitro, populations of lung progenitor cells were generated from human iPSCs. To explore the feasibility of producing engineered lungs from stem cells, we repopulated decellularized human lung and rat lungs with iPSC-derived epithelial progenitor cells. The iPSCs-derived epithelial progenitor cells lined the decellularized human lung and expressed most of the epithelial markers when were cultured in a lung bioreactor system. In decellularized rat lungs, these human-derived cells attach and proliferate in a manner similar to what was observed in the decellularized human lung. Our results suggest that repopulation of lung matrix with iPSC-derived lung epithelial cells may be a viable strategy for human lung regeneration and represents an important early step toward translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew V Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Go Hatachi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arkadi Beloiartsev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Rocco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julio J Mendez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pavlina Baevova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel N Dyal
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katie L Leiby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wu W, Le AV, Mendez JJ, Chang J, Niklason LE, Steinbacher DM. Osteogenic performance of donor-matched human adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal cells under dynamic culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:1621-32. [PMID: 25668104 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ACs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMCs) have been widely used for bone regeneration and can be seeded on a variety of rigid scaffolds. However, to date, a direct comparison of mesenchymal cells (MC) harvested from different tissues from the same donor and cultured in identical osteogenic conditions has not been investigated. Indeed, it is unclear whether marrow-derived or fat-derived MC possess intrinsic differences in bone-forming capabilities, since within-patient comparisons have not been previously done. This study aims at comparing ACs and BMCs from three donors ranging in age from neonatal to adult. Matched cells from each donor were studied in three distinct bioreactor settings, to determine the best method to create a viable osseous engineered construct. Human ACs and BMCs were isolated from each donor, cultured, and seeded on decellularized porcine bone (DCB) constructs. The constructs were then subjected to either static or dynamic (stirring or perfusion) bioreactor culture conditions for 7-21 days. Afterward, the constructs were analyzed for cell adhesion and distribution and osteogenic differentiation. ACs demonstrated higher seeding efficiency than BMCs. However, static and dynamic culture significantly increased BMCs proliferation more than ACs. In all conditions, BMCs demonstrated stronger osteogenic activity as compared with ACs, through higher alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression for various bony markers. Conversely, ACs expressed more collagen I, which is a nonspecific matrix molecule in most connective tissues. Overall, dynamic bioreactor culture conditions enhanced osteogenic gene expression in both ACs and BMCs. Scaffolds seeded with BMCs in dynamic stirring culture conditions exhibit the greatest osteogenic proliferation and function in vitro, proving that marrow-derived MC have superior bone-forming potential as compared with adipose-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- 1 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
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Chang WG, Fornoni A, Tietjen G, Mendez JJ, Niklason LE, Saltzman WM, Pober JS. Tissue-Engineered Microvasculature to Reperfuse Isolated Renal Glomeruli. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2673-9. [PMID: 26414101 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is often the most effective therapy for end-stage renal disease, but there are not enough donor organs to meet the rising demand. Tissue engineering of kidneys is a potential solution to this organ shortage. Achieving microvascular perfusion has been a major barrier to engineering tissues beyond thin muscularized sheets such as the bladder wall. Our laboratory has previously reported that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) transduced with the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 will spontaneously organize into perfused microvessels within type I collagen gels when implanted in immunodeficient mice. To test if this system can be used to perfuse more complex structures, we combined Bcl-2-transduced ECs (Bcl-2-ECs) with renal glomeruli, the specialized vascular filtration units of the kidney. Microdissected green fluorescent protein-expressing rat glomeruli suspended in type I collagen gels were implanted within immunodeficient mice with or without the inclusion of Bcl-2-ECs. Survival of rat glomeruli was enhanced by coimplantation with Bcl-2-ECs. Intravital rhodamine dextran injections demonstrated that surviving glomeruli were perfused through Bcl-2-EC-derived microvessels. Perfused glomeruli maintained podocin staining, but transmission electron microscopy revealed endothelial swelling and podocyte foot process effacement. Anastomosis of microvessels derived from Bcl-2-ECs with glomerular capillaries provides proof of concept that self-assembled microvessels can perfuse specialized organ structures such as glomeruli, but that perfusion alone may be insufficient to maintain normal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gee Chang
- 1 Department of Medicine and Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- 2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Gregory Tietjen
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julio J Mendez
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura E Niklason
- 4 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jordan S Pober
- 5 Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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Calle EA, Mendez JJ, Ghaedi M, Leiby KL, Bove PF, Herzog EL, Sundaram S, Niklason LE. Fate of distal lung epithelium cultured in a decellularized lung extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1916-28. [PMID: 25789725 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II cells are the defenders of the alveolus. They produce surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse, they actively transport water to prevent filling of the air sacs that would otherwise prevent gas exchange, and they differentiate to type I epithelial cells. They are an indispensable component of functional lung tissue. To understand the functionality of type II cells in isolation, we sought to track their fate in decellularized matrices and to assess their ability to contribute to barrier function by differentiation to type I alveolar epithelial cells. Rat type II cells were isolated from neonatal rat lungs by labeling with the RTII-70 surface marker and separation using a magnetic column. This produced a population of ∼50% RTII-70-positive cells accompanied by few type I epithelial cells or α-actin-positive mesenchymal cells. This population was seeded into decellularized rat lung matrices and cultured for 1 or 7 days. Culture in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium +10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) resulted in reduced expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. By 7 days, no epithelial markers were visible by immunostaining; nearly all cells were α-actin positive. Gene expression for the mesenchymal markers, α-actin, vimentin, and TGF-βR, was significantly upregulated on day 1 (p=0.0005, 0.0005, and 2.342E-5, respectively). Transcript levels of α-actin and TGF-βR remained high at 7 days (p=1.364E-10 and 0.0002). Interestingly, human type II cells cultured under the same conditions showed a similar trend in the loss of epithelial markers, but did not display high expression of mesenchymal markers. Rat cells additionally showed the ability to produce and degrade the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin, collagen IV, and collagen I. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed significant increases in expression of the fibronectin and matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) genes after 1 day in culture (p=0.0135 and 0.0128, respectively) and elevated collagen I expression at 7 days (p=0.0016). These data suggest that the original type II-enriched population underwent a transition to increased expression of mesenchymal markers, perhaps as part of a survival or wound-healing program. These results suggest that additional medium components and/or the application of physiologically appropriate stimuli such as ventilation may be required to promote lung-specific epithelial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Calle
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julio J Mendez
- 2Department of Anesthesia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- 2Department of Anesthesia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katherine L Leiby
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter F Bove
- 3Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erica L Herzog
- 4Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sumati Sundaram
- 2Department of Anesthesia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Laura E Niklason
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,2Department of Anesthesia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Sivarapatna A, Ghaedi M, Le AV, Mendez JJ, Qyang Y, Niklason LE. Arterial specification of endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a biomimetic flow bioreactor. Biomaterials 2015; 53:621-33. [PMID: 25890758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) exist in different microenvironments in vivo, including under different levels of shear stress in arteries versus veins. Standard stem cell differentiation protocols to derive ECs and EC-subtypes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generally use growth factors or other soluble factors in an effort to specify cell fate. In this study, a biomimetic flow bioreactor was used to subject hiPSC-derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) to shear stress to determine the impacts on phenotype and upregulation of markers associated with an anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, arterial-like phenotype. The in vitro bioreactor system was able to efficiently mature hiPSC-ECs into arterial-like cells in 24 h, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR for arterial markers EphrinB2, CXCR4, Conexin40 and Notch1, as well protein-level expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). Furthermore, the exogenous addition of soluble factors was not able to fully recapitulate this phenotype that was imparted by shear stress exposure. The induction of these phenotypic changes was biomechanically mediated in the shear stress bioreactor. This biomimetic flow bioreactor is an effective means for the differentiation of hiPSC-ECs toward an arterial-like phenotype, and is amenable to scale-up for culturing large quantities of cells for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Andrew V Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Julio J Mendez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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Mendez JJ, Ghaedi M, Sivarapatna A, Dimitrievska S, Shao Z, Osuji CO, Steinbacher DM, Leffell DJ, Niklason LE. Mesenchymal stromal cells form vascular tubes when placed in fibrin sealant and accelerate wound healing in vivo. Biomaterials 2014; 40:61-71. [PMID: 25433608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-healing, chronic wounds are a growing public health problem and may stem from insufficient angiogenesis in affected sites. Here, we have developed a fibrin formulation that allows adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) to form tubular structures in vitro. The tubular structures express markers of endothelium, including CD31 and VE-Cadherin, as well as the pericyte marker NG2. The ability for the MSCs to form tubular structures within the fibrin gels was directly dependent on the stoichiometric ratios of thrombin and fibrinogen and the resulting gel concentration, as well as on the presence of bFGF. Fibrin gel formulations that varied in stiffness were tested. ADSCs that are embedded in a stiff fibrin formulation express VE-cadherin and CD31 as shown by PCR, FACS and immunostaining. Confocal imaging analysis demonstrated that tubular structures formed, containing visible lumens, in the stiff fibrin gels in vitro. There was also a difference in the amounts of bFGF secreted by ADSCs grown in the stiffer gels as compared to softer gels. Additionally, hAT-MSCs gave rise to perfusable vessels that were VE-cadherin positive after subcutaneous injection into mice, whereas the softer fibrin formulation containing ADSCs did not. The application of ADSCs delivered in the stiff fibrin gels allowed for the wounds to heal more quickly, as assessed by wound size, amount of granulation tissue and collagen content. Interestingly, following 5 days of healing, the ADSCs remained within the fibrin gel and did not integrate into the granulation tissue of healing wounds in vivo. These data show that ADSCs are able to form tubular structures within fibrin gels, and may also contribute to faster wound healing, as compared with no treatment or to wounds treated with fibrin gels devoid of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J Mendez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sashka Dimitrievska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhen Shao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Derek M Steinbacher
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David J Leffell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Mendez JJ, Ghaedi M, Steinbacher D, Niklason LE. Epithelial cell differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in decellularized lung scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1735-46. [PMID: 24393055 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of appropriate donor cell types is important for lung cell therapy and for lung regeneration. Previous studies have indicated that mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human bone marrow (hBM-MSCs) and from human adipose tissue (hAT-MSCs) may have the ability to trans-differentiate into lung epithelial cells. However, these data remain controversial. Herein, the ability of hBM-MSCs and hAT-MSCs to repopulate acellular rodent lung tissue was evaluated. hBM-MSCs and hAT-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate and lipoaspirate, respectively. Rat lungs were decellularized with CHAPS detergent, followed by seeding the matrix with hBM-MSCs and hAT-MSCs. Under appropriate culture conditions, both human MSC populations attached to and proliferated within the lung tissue scaffold. In addition, cells were capable of type 2 pneumocyte differentiation, as assessed by marker expression of surfactant protein C (pro-SPC) at the protein and the RNA level, and by the presence of lamellar bodies by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, hAT-MSCs contributed to Clara-like cells that lined the airways in the lung scaffolds, whereas the hBM-MSCs did not. We also tested the differentiation potential of MSCs on different extracellular matrix components in vitro, and found that protein substrate influences MSC epithelial differentiation. Together our data show the capacity for human MSCs to differentiate toward lung epithelial phenotypes, and the possibility of using these cells for lung cell therapies and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J Mendez
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
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Ghaedi M, Mendez JJ, Bove PF, Sivarapatna A, Raredon MSB, Niklason LE. Alveolar epithelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in a rotating bioreactor. Biomaterials 2014; 35:699-710. [PMID: 24144903 PMCID: PMC3897000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional stem cell differentiation protocols make use of a variety of cytokines including growth factors (GFs) and inhibitors in an effort to provide appropriate signals for tissue specific differentiation. In this study, iPSC-derived type II pneumocytes (iPSC-ATII) as well as native isolated human type II pneumocytes (hATII) were differentiated toward a type I phenotype using a unique air-liquid interface (ALI) system that relies on a rotating apparatus that mimics in vivo respiratory conditions. A relatively homogenous population of alveolar type II-like cells from iPSC was first generated (iPSC-ATII cells), which had phenotypic properties similar to mature human alveolar type II cells. iPSC-ATII cells were then cultured in a specially designed rotating culture apparatus. The effectiveness of the ALI bioreactor was compared with the effectiveness of small molecule-based differentiation of type II pneumocytes toward type 1 pneumocytes. The dynamics of differentiation were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. iPSC-ATII and hATII cells cultured in the ALI bioreactor had higher levels of type I markers, including aquaporin-5(AQ5), caveolin-1, and T1α, at both the RNA and protein levels as compared with the flask-grown iPSC-ATII and hATII that had been treated with small molecules to induce differentiation. In summary, this study demonstrates that a rotating bioreactor culture system that provides an air-liquid interface is a potent inducer of type I epithelial differentiation for both iPS-ATII cells and hATII cells, and provides a method for large-scale production of alveolar epithelium for tissue engineering and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Julio J. Mendez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter F. Bove
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Micha Sam B. Raredon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Ghaedi M, Calle EA, Mendez JJ, Gard AL, Balestrini J, Booth A, Bove PF, Gui L, White ES, Niklason LE. Human iPS cell-derived alveolar epithelium repopulates lung extracellular matrix. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4950-62. [PMID: 24135142 DOI: 10.1172/jci68793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been postulated to be the most effective strategy for developing patient-specific respiratory epithelial cells, which may be valuable for lung-related cell therapy and lung tissue engineering. We generated a relatively homogeneous population of alveolar epithelial type II (AETII) and type I (AETI) cells from human iPSCs that had phenotypic properties similar to those of mature human AETII and AETI cells. We used these cells to explore whether lung tissue can be regenerated in vitro. Consistent with an AETII phenotype, we found that up to 97% of cells were positive for surfactant protein C, 95% for mucin-1, 93% for surfactant protein B, and 89% for the epithelial marker CD54. Additionally, exposing induced AETII to a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor (IWR-1) changed the iPSC-AETII-like phenotype to a predominantly AETI-like phenotype. We found that of induced AET1 cells, more than 90% were positive for type I markers, T1α, and caveolin-1. Acellular lung matrices were prepared from whole rat or human adult lungs treated with decellularization reagents, followed by seeding these matrices with alveolar cells derived from human iPSCs. Under appropriate culture conditions, these progenitor cells adhered to and proliferated within the 3D lung tissue scaffold and displayed markers of differentiated pulmonary epithelium.
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Kanisicak O, Mendez JJ, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto M, Goldhamer DJ. Progenitors of skeletal muscle satellite cells express the muscle determination gene, MyoD. Dev Biol 2009; 332:131-41. [PMID: 19464281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells are tissue-specific stem cells responsible for skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Although satellite cells were identified almost 50 years ago, the identity of progenitor populations from which they derive remains controversial. We developed MyoD(iCre) knockin mice, and used Cre/lox lineage analysis to determine whether satellite cell progenitors express MyoD, a marker of myogenic commitment. Recombination status of satellite cells was determined by confocal microscopy of isolated muscle fibers and by electron microscopic observation of muscle tissue fixed immediately following isolation, using R26R-EYFP and R26R (beta-gal) reporter mice, respectively. We show that essentially all adult satellite cells associated with limb and body wall musculature, as well as the diaphragm and extraocular muscles, originate from MyoD+ progenitors. Neonatal satellite cells were Cre-recombined, but only a small minority exhibited ongoing Cre expression, indicating that most satellite cells had expressed MyoD prenatally. We also show that satellite cell development in MyoD-null mice is not due to functional compensation by MyoD non-expressing lineages. The results suggest that satellite cells are derived from committed myogenic progenitors, irrespective of the anatomical location, embryological origin, or physiological properties of associated musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Regenerative Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Abstract
Rats, fixed with chronically indwelling electrodes for electrical intracranial stimulation (ICS) of the lateral hypothalamus, were taught to press a bar for ICS. Once pressing rates became stable, during daily 20-min sessions, rats were given cocaine (5 or 20 mg/kg) before the sessions. When given daily, cocaine consistently enhanced rates of pressing. When a combination of small doses of isradipine (e.g., 1 mg/kg) and naltrexone (3 mg/kg) were given before cocaine administration. the combination blocked cocaine's enhancement of pressing for ICS. The combination, however, neither reduced rates of pressing below those observed under placebos (i.e., baseline conditions) nor reduced rates when no cocaine was given. Naltrexone and isradipine (in the dose used in the combination) by themselves did not block cocaine's effects. This profile of effects indicates that a combination of isradipine and naltrexone is apt to be useful in treating cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Pabello
- Laboratory for Psychopharmacology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
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Emparan C, Iturburu IM, Ortiz J, Mendez JJ. Infective complications after abdominal surgery in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: role of CD4+ lymphocytes in prognosis. World J Surg 1998; 22:778-82. [PMID: 9673546 DOI: 10.1007/s002689900469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors associated with surgical infections are related to many events that modulate the immune system and affect the surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of low CD4+ lymphocyte counts in 24 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) undergoing abdominal surgery. Blood samples were obtained, and the lymphocyte population was evaluated perioperatively, as was the nutritional status of the patient. All the patients received selective antibiotic prophylaxis depending on the surgical procedure performed: (1) clean surgery: splenectomies (n = 8); (2) clean-contaminated: cholecystectomy and biliary tract surgery (n = 8); and (3) contaminated: appendectomy (n = 8). Depending on their CD4 count, two groups were formed: one with 200 to 500 cells/ml (n = 11) and the other with < 200 cells/ml (n = 13). When surgical infection was suspected, surgical drainage and microbiologic cultures were undertaken. For statistical evaluation of the groups ANOVA and the chi-square test were used; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Altogether 14 patients (58.3%) had a wound infection, and the mean (+/- SD) CD4 count in those patients was decreased (221.7 +/- 75.1) compared with that of the 10 patients in the uneventful group (386 +/- 81.2). Surgical infection rates were 50% for clean procedures, 62.5% for clean-contaminated procedures, and 62.5% for contaminated surgery. The group of patients with CD4 counts of < 200 cell/ml had an increased incidence of surgical infection, regardless of the type of surgery (p = 0.002). Thus the surgical infection rates with HIV patients undergoing abdominal surgery are dramatically increased. The CD4 and subsequently depressed neutrophil populations increase the risk of surgical infection during major procedures regardless of the type of surgery performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Emparan
- Departamento de Cirugia, Radiologia y Medicina Fisica, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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Lipton R, Losey L, Giachello AL, Corral M, Girotti MH, Mendez JJ. Factors affecting diabetes treatment and patient education among Latinos: results of a preliminary study in Chicago. J Med Syst 1996; 20:267-76. [PMID: 9001994 DOI: 10.1007/bf02257040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a major health problem among Latinos, yet the quality of diabetes treatment among them has not been fully examined. GOALS A pilot study was conducted with adult diabetic patients for the purposes of describing their diabetes-related knowledge and behaviors and evaluating whether these patients were receiving effective outpatient care. METHODS Demographic data, health knowledge, and behavioral information was collected using face-to-face interviews with 101 patients diagnosed for at least 1 year at three primary care clinics. The medical record of each interviewee was abstracted for evidence that medical follow-up was being conducted with the recommended frequency. RESULTS Most respondents spoke only or mostly Spanish, yet 14% of these patients reported that they had received instruction about diabetes in English alone. A majority of patients exhibited a basic understanding of their disease, and more than half reported positive health behaviors within the past year. Nonetheless, 54% of Puerto Rican Americans and 26% of Mexican-Americans had been admitted to the hospital or had used the emergency room for diabetes-related conditions. Recommended medical procedures were infrequently documented in clinic records. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes education was available in Spanish, and patients appeared to have a basic knowledge of the disease process. However, recommended clinical follow-up was not uniformly provided. The large number of diabetes-related hospitalizations may be related to sub-optimal management among at least some of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lipton
- University of Illinois, Chicago School of Public Health 60612, USA
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Emparan C, Iturburu IM, Portugal V, Apecechea A, Bilbao JE, Mendez JJ. Infective complications after minor operations in patients infected with HIV: role of CD4 lymphocytes in prognosis. Eur J Surg 1995; 161:721-3. [PMID: 8555338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the incidence of wound infection in patients with HIV and reduced counts of CD4 lymphocytes. DESIGN Open study. SETTING University hospital, Spain. SUBJECTS 70 patients with HIV infection and enlarged lymph nodes. INTERVENTIONS Biopsy of lymph nodes and withdrawal of a sample of blood for counts of CD4 lymphocytes and neutrophils. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Development of infection at the biopsy site, and correlation of infecting organism with culture taken at the time of biopsy. RESULTS Patients were divided into three groups depending on their CD4 count: more than 500 cells/ml (n = 26), 200-500 cells/ml (n = 24), and less than 200 cells/ml (n = 20). Their neutrophil counts were 5.1, 3.8, and 2.5 x 10(9)/1, respectively. There were found four wound infections (6%); 2 were in the group with more than 500 CD4 cells/ml, and these were caused by Staphylococcus aureus (which had been grown from nodes in 6 patients at the time of biopsy). The other 2 were in the group with less than 500 cells/ml and these were caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; cultures of the nodes had shown Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 3) and M tuberculosis (n = 17). There were no infections in the group with 200-500 CD4 cells/ml, in which S epidermidis (n = 5) and M tuberculosis (n = 8) had been cultured from the lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS The CD4 count was of no prognostic importance in the development of wound infection, but severe depression of the CD4 count may increase the risk of atypical wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Emparan
- Department of Surgery, Universidad del Pais Vasco, General Surgery B, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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Cordova MS, Baez-Villasenor J, Mendez JJ, Campos E. Acquired hemolytic anemia with positive antiglobulin (Coombs' test) in mother and daughter. Arch Intern Med 1966; 117:692-5. [PMID: 5935023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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