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Glycans as Regulatory Elements of the Insulin/IGF System: Impact in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091921. [PMID: 28880250 PMCID: PMC5618570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in mammals comprises a dynamic network of proteins that modulate several biological processes such as development, cell growth, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the insulin/IGF system has major implications for several pathological conditions such as diabetes and cancer. Metabolic changes also culminate in aberrant glycosylation, which has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Changes in glycosylation regulate every pathophysiological step of cancer progression including tumour cell-cell dissociation, cell migration, cell signaling and metastasis. This review discusses how the insulin/IGF system integrates with glycosylation alterations and impacts on cell behaviour, metabolism and drug resistance in cancer.
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Aiken R, Axelson M, Harmenberg J, Klockare M, Larsson O, Wassberg C. Phase I clinical trial of AXL1717 for treatment of relapsed malignant astrocytomas: analysis of dose and response. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81501-81510. [PMID: 29113409 PMCID: PMC5655304 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early phase I study of safety of AXL1717 in patients with recurrent or progressive malignant astrocytomas and evaluation of preliminary anti-tumor efficacy. Patients and methods Nine patients fulfilling the set criteria were enrolled. Eight had recurrent glioblastoma and one gliosarcoma. Patients were treated with an oral suspension of AXL1717 (215-400 mg bid) cycle-by-cycle in 35-day cycles (28 days bid and 7 days off). Patients with progressive disease and/or toxicity-related dose delay of more than 14 days were withdrawn. Results Four patients had tumor responses (44%) to AXL1717 treatment. Two of these had stable disease for 12 months (10 cycles at 215-300 mg bid). Due to MRI-detected progression they were then taken off the study. They died 8 and 12 months later, respectively. One patient was treated 8 months (6 cycles with 215 mg bid). He was withdrawn because of disease progression but died after another 25 months. The fourth patient having stable disease died of sepsis due to pancytopenia in the end of cycle 2 on 400 mg bid. A fifth patient underwent surgery after two cycles with 300 mg bid. Pathological analysis demonstrated abundant necrosis and small areas of viable tumor. After one more cycle with 300 mg bid he was withdrawn due to clinical and radiographic worsening and died 11 months later. The other 4 patients did not have any detectable responses and died within 3-13 months after trial entry. Neutropenia was the main adverse effect, which was easily detected and reversible in all but one patient. Conclusion This clinical phase I study indicates that AXL1717 as a single agent is capable of producing prolonged stable disease and survival of patients with relapsed malignant astrocytomas. The drug was well tolerated. A new formulation of the drug will be used in further investigations in order to better define the optimal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aiken
- Rutgers-Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Magnus Axelson
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Klockare
- Axelar AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Wassberg
- Section of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Arun S, Ravisankar S, Vanisree AJ. Implication of connexin30 on the stemness of glioma: connexin30 reverses the malignant phenotype of glioma by modulating IGF-1R, CD133 and cMyc. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:473-485. [PMID: 28875331 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays a major role in the malignant growth of glioma. Although the mechanistic aspects of GJIC have been extensively studied, the role of connexins in the regulation of the malignant behavior of glioma stem cells (GSCs) remains unclear. In our previous studies, we have shown that connexin30 can interfere with the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is known for self-renewal and pluripotency. Following our earlier in vitro observation, in this work, we aimed to study the consequence of this influence of Cx30 on IGF-1R by evaluating the marker of GSCs, CD133 and oncoprotein, cMyc. We strengthened our basis by examining human glioma samples of different grades as well as rat C6 xenografts (Cx30-transfected and -non-transfected C6 cells) along with the sphere formation assays in vitro. Investigation of stemness-related CD133 and cMyc in human samples and rat xenografts exhibited a reciprocal relationship between Cx30 and IGF-1R in the low and high grades (HG) of glioma. Cx30 was completely abolished in HG; levels of IGF-1R, CD133 and cMyc expression were positively correlated with HG. Cx30 transfection could attenuate the malignant burden of glioma in rat xenografts. Cx30 transfection also altered the tumor sphere formation of C6 glioma cells in vitro, an important property of GSCs, and there was a significant reduction of CD133 and cMyc expression by Cx30 both in vitro and in vivo. These factors indicate that dysfunction of Cx30 plays a crucial role in the prevention of the stemness of glioma, and the exploitation of this feature will help in the management of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaradoss Arun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Shantha Ravisankar
- Department of Neuropathology, Tamil Nadu Multi-Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 003, India
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Colwell N, Larion M, Giles AJ, Seldomridge AN, Sizdahkhani S, Gilbert MR, Park DM. Hypoxia in the glioblastoma microenvironment: shaping the phenotype of cancer stem-like cells. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:887-896. [PMID: 28339582 PMCID: PMC5570138 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. Cellular heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of the disease and contributes to the difficulty in formulating effective therapies. Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) have been identified as a subpopulation of tumor cells that are thought to be largely responsible for resistance to treatment. Intratumoral hypoxia contributes to maintenance of the GSCs by supporting the critical stem cell traits of multipotency, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. This review highlights the interaction of GSCs with the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, exploring the mechanisms underlying the contribution of GSCs to tumor vessel dynamics, immune modulation, and metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Colwell
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amber J Giles
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashlee N Seldomridge
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saman Sizdahkhani
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kikuchi R, Sampetrean O, Saya H, Yoshida K, Toda M. Functional analysis of the DEPDC1 oncoantigen in malignant glioma and brain tumor initiating cells. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:297-307. [PMID: 28555424 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) is a novel oncoantigen expressed in cancer cells, which presents oncogenic activity and high immunogenicity. Although DEPDC1 has been predicted to be a useful antigen for the development of a cancer vaccine, its pathophysiological roles in glioma have not been investigated. Here, we analyzed the expression and function of DEPDC1 in malignant glioma. DEPDC1 expression in glioma cell lines, glioma tissues, and brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) was assessed by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effect of DEPDC1 downregulation on cell growth and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling in glioma cells was investigated. Overall survival was assessed in mouse glioma models using human glioma cells and induced mouse brain tumor stem cells (imBTSCs) to determine the effect of DEPDC1 suppression in vivo. DEPDC1 expression was increased in glioma cell lines, tissues, and BTICs. Suppression of endogenous DEPDC1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited glioma cell viability and induced apoptosis through NFκB signaling. In mouse glioma models using human glioma cells and imBTSCs, downregulation of DEPDC1 expression prolonged overall survival. These results suggest that DEPDC1 represents a target molecule for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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56
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Kwon NS, Kim DS, Yun HY. Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3: integrative analyses support its prognostic role in glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2721-2728. [PMID: 28579810 PMCID: PMC5449096 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich glioma inactivated 3 (LGI3) is a secreted protein member of LGI family. We previously reported that LGI3 was expressed in brain, adipose tissues and skin, where it played roles as a multifunctional cytokine. We postulated that LGI3 may be involved in cytokine network in cancers. Aim This study aimed to analyze differentially expressed genes in glioma tissues and glioma cohort data to investigate the prognostic role of LGI3 and its receptors. Materials and methods Expression microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus and glioma cohort data were analyzed using bioinformatic tools for statistical analysis, protein–protein interactions, functional enrichment and pathway analyses and prognostic association analysis. Results We found that LGI3 and its receptors, ADAM22 and ADAM23, were significantly downregulated in glioma tissues. Eleven upregulated genes and two downregulated genes in glioma tissues were found to be the previously reported LGI3-regulated genes. Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that 85% of the LGI3-regulated and glioma-altered genes formed a cluster of interaction network. Functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed the association of these genes with hypoxia responses, p53 and Akt signaling and various cancer-related pathways including glioma. Analysis of expression microarray data of glioma cohorts demonstrated that low expression levels of LGI3, ADAM22 and ADAM23 were significantly associated with poor prognosis of glioma. Conclusion These results propose that LGI3 and its receptors may play a prognostic role in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyoun Soo Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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57
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Qian Z, Ren L, Wu D, Yang X, Zhou Z, Nie Q, Jiang G, Xue S, Weng W, Qiu Y, Lin Y. Overexpression of FoxO3a is associated with glioblastoma progression and predicts poor patient prognosis. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2792-2804. [PMID: 28295288 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor FoxO3a has been reported to have ambiguous functions and distinct mechanisms in various solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). Although a preliminary analysis of a small sample of patients indicated that FoxO3a aberrations in glioma might be related to aggressive clinical behavior, the clinical significance of FoxO3a in glioblastoma remains unclear. We investigated the expression of FoxO3a in a cohort of 91 glioblastoma specimens and analyzed the correlations of protein expression with patient prognosis. Furthermore, the functional impact of FoxO3a on GBM progression and the underlying mechanisms of FoxO3a regulation were explored in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. FoxO3a expression was elevated in glioblastoma tissues, and high nuclear FoxO3a expression in human GBM tissues was associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, knockdown of FoxO3a significantly reduced the colony formation and invasion ability of GBM cells, whereas overexpression of FoxO3a promoted the colony formation and invasion ability. The results of in vivo GBM models further confirmed that FoxO3a knockdown inhibited GBM progression. More, the pro-oncogenic effects of FoxO3a in GBM were mediated by the activation of c-Myc, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and Beclin1 in a mixed-lineage leukemia 2 (MLL2)-dependent manner. These findings suggest that high FoxO3a expression is associated with glioblastoma progression and that FoxO3a independently indicates poor prognosis in patients. FoxO3a might be a novel prognostic biomarker or a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingchang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanmin Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanglin Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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58
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Wang Y, Gan G, Wang B, Wu J, Cao Y, Zhu D, Xu Y, Wang X, Han H, Li X, Ye M, Zhao J, Mi J. Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Promote Irradiated Cancer Cell Recovery Through Autophagy. EBioMedicine 2017; 17:45-56. [PMID: 28258923 PMCID: PMC5360585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse after radiotherapy is a significant challenge to oncologists, even after recent the advances in technologies. Here, we showed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of cancer stromal cells, promoted irradiated cancer cell recovery and tumor relapse after radiotherapy. We provided evidence that CAFs-produced IGF1/2, CXCL12 and β-hydroxybutyrate were capable of inducing autophagy in cancer cells post-radiation and promoting cancer cell recovery from radiation-induced damage in vitro and in vivo in mice. These CAF-derived molecules increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) post-radiation, which enhanced PP2A activity, repressing mTOR activation and increasing autophagy in cancer cells. Consistently, the IGF2 neutralizing antibody and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA reduce the CAF-promoted tumor relapse in mice after radiotherapy. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that CAFs promoted irradiated cancer cell recovery and tumor regrowth post-radiation, suggesting that targeting the autophagy pathway in tumor cells may be a promising therapeutic strategy for radiotherapy sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Guifang Gan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Bocheng Wang
- 9th Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jinliang Wu
- 9th Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- 9th Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hongxiu Han
- 9th Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NIEHS, National Institute of Health, United States
| | - Ming Ye
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Jiangmin Zhao
- 9th Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
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Rajbhandari N, Lin WC, Wehde BL, Triplett AA, Wagner KU. Autocrine IGF1 Signaling Mediates Pancreatic Tumor Cell Dormancy in the Absence of Oncogenic Drivers. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2243-2255. [PMID: 28249168 PMCID: PMC5369772 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS and c-MYC are oncogenic drivers and rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Although tumor growth and homeostasis are largely dependent on these oncogenes, a few residual cancer cells are able to survive the ablation of mutant KRAS and c-MYC. By performing a genome-wide gene expression analysis of in vivo-derived bulk tumor cells and residual cancer cells lacking the expression of mutant KRAS or c-MYC, we have identified an increase in autocrine IGF1/AKT signaling as a common survival mechanism in dormant cancer cells. The pharmacological inhibition of IGF-1R reduces residual disease burden and cancer recurrence, suggesting that this molecular pathway is crucial for the survival of cancer cells in the absence of the primary oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Rajbhandari
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Barbara L Wehde
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Aleata A Triplett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA.
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60
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Xu K, Zhang Z, Pei H, Wang H, Li L, Xia Q. FoxO3a induces temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells via the regulation of β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2391-2397. [PMID: 28260024 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor, is currently treated with temozolomide (TMZ), but GBM often exhibits resistance to TMZ. Although several mechanisms underlying GBM resistance to TMZ have been identified, these mechanisms are yet to fully explain how GBM gains resistance to TMZ. Our previous work has shown that FoxO3a, a member of the FoxO subfamily of transcription factors, promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion. In this study, we sought to determine whether FoxO3a participates in TMZ resistance in GBM cells. Parental cell lines (also designated as sensitive cell lines) U87-MG and U251-MG, as well as the corresponding resistant cell lines U87-TR and U251-TR (generated by repeated TMZ treatments), were subjected to western blot analysis. Our results showed that the resistant cells (both U87-TRand U251-TR) exhibited higher levels of FoxO3a and β-catenin relative to their corresponding sensitive counterparts. Depletion of FoxO3a in the resistant cells enhanced the cytotoxic effect of TMZ. Further investigation showed that FoxO3a depletion did not affect the total protein level of β-catenin, but otherwise markedly reduced the nuclear β-catenin level. Taken together, these findings strongly support that FoxO3a renders GBM cells resistant to TMZ treatment, at least in part, through the regulation of β-catenin nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Immunology, School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Tropical and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine, and Faculty of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
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Chaves FN, Bezerra TMM, de Barros Silva PG, Oliveira FAF, Sousa FB, Costa FWG, Alves APNN, Pereira KMA. Evaluation of the p-AKT, p-JNK and FoxO3a function in oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Dis 2017; 23:367-378. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FN Chaves
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Ceara/Sobral; Sobral Ceara Brazil
| | - TMM Bezerra
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - PG de Barros Silva
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - FAF Oliveira
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - FB Sousa
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - FWG Costa
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - APNN Alves
- Division of Oral Pathology; Department of Dental Clinic; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceara; Fortaleza Ceara Brazil
| | - KMA Pereira
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Ceara/Sobral; Sobral Ceara Brazil
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62
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Osuka S, Van Meir EG. Overcoming therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma: the way forward. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:415-426. [PMID: 28145904 DOI: 10.1172/jci89587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients die from recurrent tumors that have become resistant to therapy. New strategies are needed to design future therapies that target resistant cells. Recent genomic studies have unveiled the complexity of tumor heterogeneity in glioblastoma and provide new insights into the genomic landscape of tumor cells that survive and initiate tumor recurrence. Resistant cells also co-opt developmental pathways and display stem-like properties; hence we propose to name them recurrence-initiating stem-like cancer (RISC) cells. Genetic alterations and genomic reprogramming underlie the innate and adaptive resistance of RISC cells, and both need to be targeted to prevent glioblastoma recurrence.
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63
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Wang MC, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing L, Cui J, Guo H, Tian T, Ruan ZP, Wei YC, Jiang LL, Sun HF, Huang LX, Nan KJ, Li CL. Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 promotes invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer stem cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling, an ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo study. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9586-99. [PMID: 26840020 PMCID: PMC4891062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell theory indicates cancer stem cells are the key to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies showed that BMI-1 could promote self-renew, differentiation and tumor formation of CSCs and invasion/metastasis of human cancer. However, whether BMI-1 could regulate invasion and metastasis ability of CSCs is still unclear. In our study, we found that up-regulated expression of BMI-1 was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. CD133+ cells were obtained by using magnetic cell sorting and identified of CSCs properties such as self-renew, multi-differentiation and tumor formation ability. Then, we found that BMI-1 expression was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Knockdown of BMI-1 expression attenuated invasion ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells in Transwell system and liver metastasis capacity in nude mice which were injected CSCs through the caudal vein. We are the first to reveal that BMI-1 could promote invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Finally, we identified that BMI-1 expression activating PI3K/AKT singing pathway by negative regulating PTEN was the main mechanism of promoting invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic CSCs. In summary, our findings indicate that BMI-1 could be used as the therapeutic target to inhibiting CSCs-mediated pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-ping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Xuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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Xu K, Pei H, Zhang Z, Dong S, Fu RJ, Wang WM, Wang H. FoxO3a mediates glioma cell invasion by regulating MMP9 expression. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3044-3050. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Addiction to the IGF2-ID1-IGF2 circuit for maintenance of the breast cancer stem-like cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:1276-1286. [PMID: 27546618 PMCID: PMC5340799 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has important roles for tumorigenesis, but how it regulates cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains largely unclear. We identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a key target of NF-κB activated by HER2/HER3 signaling to form tumor spheres in breast cancer cells. The IGF2 receptor, IGF1 R, was expressed at high levels in CSC-enriched populations in primary breast cancer cells. Moreover, IGF2-PI3K (IGF2-phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase) signaling induced expression of a stemness transcription factor, inhibitor of DNA-binding 1 (ID1), and IGF2 itself. ID1 knockdown greatly reduced IGF2 expression, and tumor sphere formation. Finally, treatment with anti-IGF1/2 antibodies blocked tumorigenesis derived from the IGF1Rhigh CSC-enriched population in a patient-derived xenograft model. Thus, NF-κB may trigger IGF2-ID1-IGF2-positive feedback circuits that allow cancer stem-like cells to appear. Then, they may become addicted to the circuits. As the circuits are the Achilles' heels of CSCs, it will be critical to break them for eradication of CSCs.
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MicroRNA-153/Nrf-2/GPx1 pathway regulates radiosensitivity and stemness of glioma stem cells via reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22006-27. [PMID: 26124081 PMCID: PMC4673142 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit stem cell properties and high resistance to radiotherapy. The main aim of our study was to determine the roles of ROS in radioresistance and stemness of GSCs. We found that microRNA (miR)-153 was down-regulated and its target gene nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) was up-regulated in GSCs compared with that of non-GSCs glioma cells. The enhanced Nrf-2 expression increased glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) transcription and decreased ROS level leading to radioresistance of GSCs. MiR-153 overexpression resulted in increased ROS production and radiosensitization of GSCs. Moreover, miR-153 overexpression led to decreased neurosphere formation capacity and stem cell marker expression, and induced differentiation through ROS-mediated activation of p38 MAPK in GSCs. Nrf-2 overexpression rescued the decreased stemness and radioresistance resulting from miR-153 overexpression in GSCs. In addition, miR-153 overexpression reduced tumorigenic capacity of GSCs and increased survival in mice bearing human GSCs. These findings demonstrated that miR-153 overexpression decreased radioresistance and stemness of GSCs through targeting Nrf-2/GPx1/ROS pathway.
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor regulates repair of ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage in human keratinocytes in vivo. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1245-54. [PMID: 27373487 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation status of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) regulates the cellular response of keratinocytes to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, both in vitro and in vivo. Geriatric skin is deficient in IGF-1 expression resulting in an aberrant IGF-1R-dependent UVB response which contributes to the development of aging-associated squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, our lab and others have reported that geriatric keratinocytes repair UVB-induced DNA damage less efficiently than young adult keratinocytes. Here, we show that IGF-1R activation influences DNA damage repair in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Specifically, in the absence of IGF-1R activation, the rate of DNA damage repair following UVB-irradiation was significantly slowed (using immortalized human keratinocytes) or inhibited (using primary human keratinocytes). Furthermore, inhibition of IGF-1R activity in human skin, using either ex vivo explant cultures or in vivo xenograft models, suppressed DNA damage repair. Primary keratinocytes with an inactivated IGF-1R also exhibited lower steady-state levels of nucleotide excision repair mRNAs. These results suggest that deficient UVB-induced DNA repair in geriatric keratinocytes is due in part to silenced IGF-1R activation in geriatric skin and provide a mechanism for how the IGF-1 pathway plays a role in the initiation of squamous cell carcinoma in geriatric patients.
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69
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Kelley K, Knisely J, Symons M, Ruggieri R. Radioresistance of Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8040042. [PMID: 27043632 PMCID: PMC4846851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used as part of the standard of care treatment of the majority of brain tumors. The efficacy of RT is limited by radioresistance and by normal tissue radiation tolerance. This is highlighted in pediatric brain tumors where the use of radiation is limited by the excessive toxicity to the developing brain. For these reasons, radiosensitization of tumor cells would be beneficial. In this review, we focus on radioresistance mechanisms intrinsic to tumor cells. We also evaluate existing approaches to induce radiosensitization and explore future avenues of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kelley
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jonathan Knisely
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Marc Symons
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Rosamaria Ruggieri
- Radiation Medicine Department, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
- The Feinstein Institute for Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Li R, Pu X, Chang JY, Ye Y, Komaki R, Minna JD, Roth JA, Han B, Wu X. MiRNA-Related Genetic Variations Associated with Radiotherapy-Induced Toxicities in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150467. [PMID: 26991123 PMCID: PMC4798772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe radiation-induced toxicities limit treatment efficacy and compromise outcomes of lung cancer. We aimed to identify microRNA-related genetic variations as biomarkers for the prediction of radiotherapy-induced acute toxicities. We genotyped 233 SNPs (161 in microRNA binding site and 72 in processing gene) and analyzed their associations with pneumonitis and esophagitis in 167 stage III NSCLC patients received definitive radiation therapy. Sixteen and 11 SNPs were associated with esophagitis and pneumonitis, respectively. After multiple comparison correction, RPS6KB2:rs10274, SMO:rs1061280, SMO:rs1061285 remained significantly associated with esophagitis, while processing gene DGCR8:rs720014, DGCR8:rs3757, DGCR8:rs1633445 remained significantly associated with pneumonitis. Patients with the AA genotype of RPS6KB2:rs10274 had an 81% reduced risk of developing esophagitis (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.51, p = 0.001, q = 0.06). Patients with the AG+GG genotype of SMO:rs1061280 had an 81% reduced risk of developing esophagitis (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07–0.53, p = 0.001, q = 0.06). Patients with the GG+GA genotype of DGCR8:rs720014 had a 3.54-fold increased risk of pneumonitis (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.65–7.61, p <0.05, q <0.1). Significantly cumulative effects of the top SNPs were observed for both toxicities (P-trend <0.001). Using bioinformatics tools, we found that the genotype of rs10274 was associated with altered expression of the RPS6KB2 gene. Gene-based analysis showed DGCR8 (p = 0.010) and GEMIN4 (p = 0.039) were the top genes associated with the risk of developing pneumonitis. Our results provide strong evidence that microRNA-related genetic variations contribute to the development of radiotherapy-induced acute esophagitis and pneumonitis and could thus serve as biomarkers to help accurately predict radiotherapy-induced toxicity in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joe Y. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ritsuko Komaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John D. Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, West Huaihai Road 241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shoji T, Saito R, Chonan M, Shibahara I, Sato A, Kanamori M, Sonoda Y, Kondo T, Ishii N, Tominaga T. Local convection-enhanced delivery of an anti-CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody induces antitumor effects in mouse glioma models. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1120-8. [PMID: 26917236 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant brain tumors in adults and has a dismal prognosis. In a previous report, we reported that CD40, a TNF-R-related cell surface receptor, and its ligand CD40L were associated with glioma outcomes. Here we attempted to activate CD40 signaling in the tumor and determine if it exerted therapeutic efficacy. METHODS CD40 expression was examined in 3 mouse glioma cell lines (GL261, NSCL61, and bRiTs-G3) and 5 human glioma cell lines (U87, U251, U373, T98, and A172). NSCL61 and bRiTs-G3, as glioma stem cells, also expressed the glioma stem cell markers MELK and CD44. In vitro, we demonstrated direct antitumor effects of an anti-CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody (FGK45) against the cell lines. The efficacy of FGK45 was examined by local convection-enhanced delivery of the monoclonal antibody against each glioma model. RESULTS CD40 was expressed in all mouse and human cell lines tested and was found at the cell membrane of each of the 3 mouse cell lines. FGK45 administration induced significant, direct antitumor effects in vitro. The local delivery of FGK45 significantly prolonged survival compared with controls in the NSCL61 and bRiTs-G3 models, but the effect was not significant in the GL261 model. Increases in apoptosis and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration were observed in the bRiTs-G3 model after FGK45 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Local delivery of FGK45 significantly prolonged survival in glioma stem cell models. Thus, local delivery of this monoclonal antibody is promising for immunotherapy against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Shoji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Masashi Chonan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Ichiyo Shibahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Aya Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Toru Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (T.S., R.S., M.C., I.S., A.S., M.K., Y.S., T.T.);Department of Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.I.)Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan (T.K.)
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Gouazé-Andersson V, Delmas C, Taurand M, Martinez-Gala J, Evrard S, Mazoyer S, Toulas C, Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal E. FGFR1 Induces Glioblastoma Radioresistance through the PLCγ/Hif1α Pathway. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3036-44. [PMID: 26896280 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
FGF2 signaling in glioblastoma induces resistance to radiotherapy, so targeting FGF2/FGFR pathways might offer a rational strategy for tumor radiosensitization. To investigate this possibility, we evaluated a specific role for FGFR1 in glioblastoma radioresistance as modeled by U87 and LN18 glioblastomas in mouse xenograft models. Silencing FGFR1 decreased radioresistance in a manner associated with radiation-induced centrosome overduplication and mitotic cell death. Inhibiting PLCγ (PLCG1), a downstream effector signaling molecule for FGFR1, was sufficient to produce similar effects, arguing that PLCγ is an essential mediator of FGFR1-induced radioresistance. FGFR1 silencing also reduced expression of HIF1α, which in addition to its roles in hypoxic responses exerts an independent effect on radioresistance. Finally, FGFR1 silencing delayed the growth of irradiated tumor xenografts, in a manner that was associated with reduced HIF1α levels but not blood vessel alterations. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept that FGFR1 targeting can degrade radioresistance in glioblastoma, a widespread problem in this tumor, prompting clinical investigations of the use of FGFR1 inhibitors for radiosensitization. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3036-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gouazé-Andersson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Delmas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France. Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Taurand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France
| | - Judith Martinez-Gala
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France. Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, France
| | - Solène Evrard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Mazoyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France. Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, France.
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 11, Toulouse, France. Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, France.
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Wang H, Yan X, Ji LY, Ji XT, Wang P, Guo SW, Li SZ. miR-139 Functions as An Antioncomir to Repress Glioma Progression Through Targeting IGF-1 R, AMY-1, and PGC-1β. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:497-511. [PMID: 26868851 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616630866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis, characterized by a highly heterogeneous cell population, extensive proliferation, and migration. A lot of molecular mechanisms regulate gliomas development and invasion, including abnormal expression of oncogenes and variation of epigenetic modification. MicroRNAs could affect cell growth and functions. Several reports have demonstrated that miR-139 plays multifunctions in kinds of solid tumors through different pathways. However, the antitumor mechanisms of this miR-139 are not unveiled in detail. In this study, we not only validated the low expression level of miR-139 in glioma tissues and cell lines but also detected the effect of miR-139 on modulating gliomas proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. We identified insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, associate of Myc 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β as direct targets of miR-139 and the levels of them were all inversely correlated with miR-139 in gliomas. Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor promoted gliomas invasion through Akt signaling and increased proliferation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β-dependent way. Associate of Myc 1 also facilitated gliomas progression by activating c-Myc pathway. Overexpression of the target genes could retrieve the antitumor function of miR-139, respectively, in different degrees. The nude mice transplantation tumor experiment displayed that glioma cells stably expressed miR-139 growth much slower in vivo than the negative control cells. Taken together, these findings suggested miR-139 acted as a favorable factor against gliomas progression and uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism, which may provide a new evidenced prognostic marker and therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Yan
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Dongfang Hospital
| | - Li-Ya Ji
- 4 Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi-Tuan Ji
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Wang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Wen Guo
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - San-Zhong Li
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease involving hundreds of pathways and numerous levels of disease progression. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence that the origins and growth rates of specific types of cancer may involve "cancer stem cells," which are defined as "cells within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the development of heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor.(1)" Many types of cancer are now thought to harbor cancer stem cells. These cells themselves are thought to be unique in comparison to other cells types present within the tumor and to exhibit characteristics that allow for the promotion of tumorigenesis and in some cases metastasis. In addition, it is speculated that each type of cancer stem cell exhibits a unique set of molecular and biochemical markers. These markers, alone or in combination, may act as a signature for defining not only the type of cancer but also the progressive state. These biomarkers may also double as signaling entities which act autonomously or upon neighboring cancer stem cells or other cells within the local microenvironment to promote tumorigenesis. This review describes the heterogeneic properties of cancer stem cells and outlines the identification and application of biomarkers and signaling molecules defining these cells as they relate to different forms of cancer. Other examples of biomarkers and signaling molecules expressed by neighboring cells in the local tumor microenvironment are also discussed. In addition, biochemical signatures for cancer stem cell autocrine/paracrine signaling, local site recruitment, tumorigenic potential, and conversion to a stem-like phenotype are described.
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Yoshida GJ, Saya H. Therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 107:5-11. [PMID: 26362755 PMCID: PMC4724810 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are undifferentiated cancer cells with a high tumorigenic activity, the ability to undergo self-renewal, and a multilineage differentiation potential. Cancer stem cells are responsible for the development of tumor cell heterogeneity, a key feature for resistance to anticancer treatments including conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and molecularly targeted therapy. Furthermore, minimal residual disease, the major cause of cancer recurrence and metastasis, is enriched in CSCs. Cancer stem cells also possess the property of "robustness", which encompasses several characteristics including a slow cell cycle, the ability to detoxify or mediate the efflux of cytotoxic agents, resistance to oxidative stress, and a rapid response to DNA damage, all of which contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance. The identification of mechanisms underlying such characteristics and the development of novel approaches to target them will be required for the therapeutic elimination of CSCs and the complete eradication of tumors. In this review, we focus on two prospective therapeutic approaches that target CSCs with the aim of disrupting their quiescence or redox defense capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kai K, Kondo K, Wang X, Xie X, Pitner MK, Reyes ME, Torres-Adorno AM, Masuda H, Hortobagyi GN, Bartholomeusz C, Saya H, Tripathy D, Sen S, Ueno NT. Antitumor Activity of KW-2450 against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Aurora A and B Kinases. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2687-99. [PMID: 26443806 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no targeted drug is available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer that does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or HER2. TNBC has high mitotic activity, and, because Aurora A and B mitotic kinases drive cell division and are overexpressed in tumors with a high mitotic index, we hypothesized that inhibiting Aurora A and B produces a significant antitumor effect in TNBC. We tested this hypothesis by determining the antitumor effects of KW-2450, a multikinase inhibitor of both Aurora A and B kinases. We observed significant inhibitory activities of KW-2450 on cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation in agar, and mammosphere formation in TNBC cells. The growth of TNBC xenografts was significantly inhibited with KW-2450. In cell-cycle analysis, KW-2450 induced tetraploid accumulation followed by apoptosis or surviving octaploid (8N) cells, depending on dose. These phenotypes resembled those of Aurora B knockdown and complete pharmaceutical inhibition of Aurora A. We demonstrated that 8N cells resulting from KW-2450 treatment depended on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) for their survival. When treated with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib combined with KW-2450, compared with KW-2450 alone, the 8N cell population was significantly reduced and apoptosis was increased. Indeed, this combination showed synergistic antitumor effect in SUM149 TNBC xenografts. Collectively, Aurora A and B inhibition had a significant antitumor effect against TNBC, and this antitumor effect was maximized by the combination of selumetinib with Aurora A and B inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Kai
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Kimie Kondo
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary K Pitner
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monica E Reyes
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angie M Torres-Adorno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hiroko Masuda
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chandra Bartholomeusz
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and is notorious for its poor prognosis. The highly invasive nature of GBM and its inherent resistance to therapy lead to very high rates of recurrence. Recently, a small cohort of tumor cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), has been recognized as a subset of tumor cells with self-renewal ability and multilineage capacity. These properties, along with the remarkable tumorigenicity of CSCs, are thought to account for the high rates of tumor recurrence after treatment. Recent research has been geared toward understanding the unique biological characteristics of CSCs to enable development of targeted therapy. Strategies include inhibition of CSC-specific pathways and receptors; agents that increase sensitivity of CSCs to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; CSC differentiation agents; and CSC-specific immunotherapy, virotherapy, and gene therapy. These approaches could inform the development of newer therapeutics for GBM.
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Ekman S, Harmenberg J, Frödin JE, Bergström S, Wassberg C, Eksborg S, Larsson O, Axelson M, Jerling M, Abrahmsen L, Hedlund Å, Alvfors C, Ståhl B, Bergqvist M. A novel oral insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor pathway modulator and its implications for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma: A phase I clinical trial. Acta Oncol 2015; 55:140-8. [PMID: 26161618 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1049290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A phase Ia/b dose-escalation study was performed to characterize the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of the oral small molecule insulin-like growth factor-1-receptor pathway modulator AXL1717 in patients with advanced solid tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective, single-armed, open label, dose-finding phase Ia/b study with the aim of single day dosing (phase Ia) to define the starting dose for multi-day dosing (phase Ib), and phase Ib to define and confirm recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and if possible maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for repeated dosing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Phase Ia enrolled 16 patients and dose escalations up to 2900 mg BID were successfully performed without any dose limiting toxicity (DLT). A total of 39 patients were treated in phase Ib. AXL1717 was well tolerated with neutropenia as the only dose-related, reversible, DLT. RP2D dose was found to be 390 mg BID for four weeks. Some patients, mainly with NSCLC, demonstrated signs of clinical benefit, including four partial tumor responses (one according to RECIST and three according to PET). The 15 patients with NSCLC with treatment duration longer than two weeks with single agent AXL1717 in third or fourth line of therapy showed a median progression-free survival of 31 weeks and overall survival of 60 weeks. Down-regulation of IGF-1R on granulocytes and increases of free serum levels of IGF-1 were seen in patients treated with AXL1717. AXL1717 had an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated promising efficacy in this heavily pretreated patient cohort, especially in patients with NSCLC. RP2D was concluded to be 390 mg BID for four weeks. Trial number is NCT01062620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ekman
- a Department of Immunology , Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Jan-Erik Frödin
- c Department of Oncology , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Wassberg
- e Section of Radiology, Department of Radiology , Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Staffan Eksborg
- f Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- g Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Oncology and Pathology , Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Magnus Axelson
- h Department of Clinical Chemistry , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Markus Jerling
- b Axelar AB, Karolinska Institute Science Park , Solna , Sweden
| | - Lars Abrahmsen
- b Axelar AB, Karolinska Institute Science Park , Solna , Sweden
| | - Åsa Hedlund
- a Department of Immunology , Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Birgitta Ståhl
- b Axelar AB, Karolinska Institute Science Park , Solna , Sweden
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- a Department of Immunology , Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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79
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Activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor regulates the radiation-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1136-40. [PMID: 26074062 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of lung cancer is increasing in the recent decades. The underlying mechanism is unclear. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and p53 protein are important molecules involving the tumor immunity. This study aims to investigate the role of IGF intervene the radiation-induced lung cancer apoptosis. METHODS Lung cancer cells were isolated from surgically removed lung cancer tissue. The lung cancer cell lines, A549 cells and H23 cells were irradiated. The expression of IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) by the lung cancer cells, and apoptosis, were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that human lung cancer cells expressed IGF1R. IGF1R played a critical role in the radiation-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis. The histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC1) phosphorylation was up regulated by irradiation. The phosphorylated HDAC1 bound the p53 promoter to inhibit the gene transcription, which was abolished by the presence of an inhibitor of HDAC1 or a STAT3 inhibitor. CONCLUSION The data suggest that activation of IGF1R plays a critical role in the radioresistance, which can be prevented in the presence of the inhibitors of HDAC1 or STAT3 inhibitors.
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80
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Van Landeghem L, Santoro MA, Mah AT, Krebs AE, Dehmer JJ, McNaughton KK, Helmrath MA, Magness ST, Lund PK. IGF1 stimulates crypt expansion via differential activation of 2 intestinal stem cell populations. FASEB J 2015; 29:2828-42. [PMID: 25837582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) has potent trophic effects on normal or injured intestinal epithelium, but specific effects on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are undefined. We used Sox9-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter mice that permit analyses of both actively cycling ISCs (Sox9-EGFP(Low)) and reserve/facultative ISCs (Sox9-EGFP(High)) to study IGF1 action on ISCs in normal intestine or during crypt regeneration after high-dose radiation-induced injury. We hypothesized that IGF1 differentially regulates proliferation and gene expression in actively cycling and reserve/facultative ISCs. IGF1 was delivered for 5 days using subcutaneously implanted mini-pumps in uninjured mice or after 14 Gy abdominal radiation. ISC numbers, proliferation, and transcriptome were assessed. IGF1 increased epithelial growth in nonirradiated mice and enhanced crypt regeneration after radiation. In uninjured and regenerating intestines, IGF1 increased total numbers of Sox9-EGFP(Low) ISCs and percentage of these cells in M-phase. IGF1 increased percentages of Sox9-EGFP(High) ISCs in S-phase but did not expand this population. Microarray revealed that IGF1 activated distinct gene expression signatures in the 2 Sox9-EGFP ISC populations. In vitro IGF1 enhanced enteroid formation by Sox9-EGFP(High) facultative ISCs but not Sox9-EGFP(Low) actively cycling ISCs. Our data provide new evidence that IGF1 activates 2 ISC populations via distinct regulatory pathways to promote growth of normal intestinal epithelium and crypt regeneration after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Van Landeghem
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Agostina Santoro
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda T Mah
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adrienne E Krebs
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Dehmer
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirk K McNaughton
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott T Magness
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Kay Lund
- *Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Surgery, and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and University of North Carolina/North Carolina State Biomedical Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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81
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Nanomedicine to overcome radioresistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells and surviving clones. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:236-52. [PMID: 25799457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard treatments for glioblastoma, but its effectiveness often encounters the phenomenon of radioresistance. This resistance was recently attributed to distinct cell contingents known as glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and dominant clones. It is characterized in particular by the activation of signaling pathways and DNA repair mechanisms. Recent advances in the field of nanomedicine offer new possibilities for radiosensitizing these cell populations. Several strategies have been developed in this direction, the first consisting of encapsulating a contrast agent or synthesizing metal-based nanocarriers to concentrate the dose gradient at the level of the target tissue. In the second strategy the physicochemical properties of the vectors are used to encapsulate a wide range of pharmacological agents which act in synergy with the ionizing radiation to destroy the cancerous cells. This review reports on the various molecular anomalies present in GSCs and the predominant role of nanomedicines in the development of radiosensitization strategies.
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82
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Denduluri SK, Idowu O, Wang Z, Liao Z, Yan Z, Mohammed MK, Ye J, Wei Q, Wang J, Zhao L, Luu HH. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in tumorigenesis and the development of cancer drug resistance. Genes Dis 2015; 2:13-25. [PMID: 25984556 PMCID: PMC4431759 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest obstacles to current cancer treatment efforts is the development of drug resistance by tumors. Despite recent advances in diagnostic practices and surgical interventions, many neoplasms demonstrate poor response to adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis for many patients afflicted with these aggressive cancers remains bleak. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis has been shown to play critical role in the development and progression of various tumors. Many basic science and translational studies have shown that IGF pathway modulators can have promising effects when used to treat various malignancies. There also exists a substantial body of recent evidence implicating IGF signaling dysregulation in the dwindling response of tumors to current standard-of-care therapy. By better understanding both the IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which pathway members can influence drug sensitivity, we can eventually aim to use modulators of IGF signaling to augment the effects of current therapy. This review summarizes and synthesizes numerous recent investigations looking at the role of the IGF pathway in drug resistance. We offer a brief overview of IGF signaling and its general role in neoplasia, and then delve into detail about the many types of human cancer that have been shown to have IGF pathway involvement in resistance and/or sensitization to therapy. Ultimately, our hope is that such a compilation of evidence will compel investigators to carry out much needed studies looking at combination treatment with IGF signaling modulators to overcome current therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahitya K. Denduluri
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olumuyiwa Idowu
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhan Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Man J, Shoemake JD, Ma T, Rizzo AE, Godley AR, Wu Q, Mohammadi AM, Bao S, Rich JN, Yu JS. Hyperthermia Sensitizes Glioma Stem-like Cells to Radiation by Inhibiting AKT Signaling. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1760-9. [PMID: 25712125 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) are a subpopulation of cells in tumors that are believed to mediate self-renewal and relapse in glioblastoma (GBM), the most deadly form of primary brain cancer. In radiation oncology, hyperthermia is known to radiosensitize cells, and it is reemerging as a treatment option for patients with GBM. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of hyperthermic radiosensitization in GSCs by a phospho-kinase array that revealed the survival kinase AKT as a critical sensitization determinant. GSCs treated with radiation alone exhibited increased AKT activation, but the addition of hyperthermia before radiotherapy reduced AKT activation and impaired GSC proliferation. Introduction of constitutively active AKT in GSCs compromised hyperthermic radiosensitization. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K further enhanced the radiosensitizing effects of hyperthermia. In a preclinical orthotopic transplant model of human GBM, thermoradiotherapy reduced pS6 levels, delayed tumor growth, and extended animal survival. Together, our results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for further evaluation of combined hyperthermia and radiation for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Man
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn D Shoemake
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tuopu Ma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony E Rizzo
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew R Godley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Ionizing radiations sustain glioblastoma cell dedifferentiation to a stem-like phenotype through survivin: possible involvement in radioresistance. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1543. [PMID: 25429620 PMCID: PMC4260760 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are some bad prognosis brain tumors despite a conventional
treatment associating surgical resection and subsequent radio-chemotherapy. Among
these heterogeneous tumors, a subpopulation of chemo- and radioresistant GBM
stem-like cells appears to be involved in the systematic GBM recurrence. Moreover,
recent studies showed that differentiated tumor cells may have the ability to
dedifferentiate and acquire a stem-like phenotype, a phenomenon also called
plasticity, in response to microenvironment stresses such as hypoxia. We hypothesized
that GBM cells could be subjected to a similar dedifferentiation process after
ionizing radiations (IRs), then supporting the GBM rapid recurrence after
radiotherapy. In the present study we demonstrated that subtoxic IR exposure of
differentiated GBM cells isolated from patient resections potentiated the long-term
reacquisition of stem-associated properties such as the ability to generate primary
and secondary neurospheres, the expression of stemness markers and an increased
tumorigenicity. We also identified during this process an upregulation of the
anti-apoptotic protein survivin and we showed that its specific downregulation led to
the blockade of the IR-induced plasticity. Altogether, these results demonstrated
that irradiation could regulate GBM cell dedifferentiation via a survivin-dependent
pathway. Targeting the mechanisms associated with IR-induced plasticity will likely
contribute to the development of some innovating pharmacological strategies for an
improved radiosensitization of these aggressive brain cancers.
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85
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Goffart N, Dedobbeleer M, Rogister B. Glioblastoma stem cells: new insights in therapeutic strategies. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite notable achievements in glioblastoma diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients remains poor and reflects the failure of current therapeutic modalities. In this context, innovative therapeutic strategies have recently been developed to specifically target glioblastoma stem cells, a subpopulation of tumor cells involved in experimental tumorigenesis and known to be critical for tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. The current review summarizes the different trails which make glioblastoma stem cells resistant to treatments, mainly focusing on radio-, chemo- and immunotherapy. This broad overview might actually help to set up new bases for glioblastoma therapy in order to better fight tumor relapses and to improve the patients’ prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goffart
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthias Dedobbeleer
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, CHU & University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Development, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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86
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Matchett KB, Lappin TR. Concise Reviews: Cancer Stem Cells: From Concept to Cure. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2563-70. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast United Kingdom
| | - T. R. Lappin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast United Kingdom
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87
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Stem cells and gliomas: past, present, and future. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:547-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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88
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Saga I, Shibao S, Okubo J, Osuka S, Kobayashi Y, Yamada S, Fujita S, Urakami K, Kusuhara M, Yoshida K, Saya H, Sampetrean O. Integrated analysis identifies different metabolic signatures for tumor-initiating cells in a murine glioblastoma model. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1048-56. [PMID: 24860177 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic preference of malignant glioma for glycolysis as an energy source is a potential therapeutic target. As a result of the cellular heterogeneity of these tumors, however, the relation between glycolytic preference, tumor formation, and tumor cell clonogenicity has remained unknown. To address this issue, we analyzed the metabolic profiles of isogenic glioma-initiating cells (GICs) in a mouse model. METHODS GICs were established by overexpression of H-Ras(V12) in Ink4a/Arf-null neural stem cells. Subpopulations of these cells were obtained by single-cell cloning, and clones differing in extracellular acidification potential were assessed for metabolic characteristics. Tumors formed after intracranial implantation of these clones in mice were examined for pathological features of glioma and expression of glycolytic enzymes. RESULTS Malignant transformation of neural stem cells resulted in a shift in metabolism characterized by an increase in lactic acid production. However, isogenic clonal populations of GICs manifested pronounced differences in glucose and oxygen consumption, lactate production, and nucleoside levels. These differences were paralleled by differential expression of glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2, with this differential expression also being evident in tumors formed by these clones in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic characteristics of glioma cells appear early during malignant transformation and persist until the late stages of tumor formation. Even isogenic clones may be heterogeneous in terms of metabolic features, however, suggesting that a more detailed understanding of the metabolic profile of glioma is imperative for effective therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isako Saga
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Shunsuke Shibao
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Jun Okubo
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Sachiko Yamada
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Masatoshi Kusuhara
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation (I.S., S.S., J.O., S.O., Y.K., S.Y., S.F., H.S., O.S.) and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (I.S., S.S., K.Y.); Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.O.); Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.Y.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University, Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (S.F.); Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan (K.U., M.K.); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan (H.S., O.S.)
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Chautard E, Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Verrelle P. Role of Akt in human malignant glioma: from oncogenesis to tumor aggressiveness. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:205-15. [PMID: 24477623 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gathering evidence has revealed that Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in glioma progression and aggressiveness. Among Akt kinases the most studied, Akt1, has been involved in many cellular processes that are in favor of cell malignancy. More recently, the actions of the two other isoforms, Akt2 and Akt3 have emerged in glioma. After a description of Akt pathway activation, we will explore the role of each isoform in malignant glioma that strengthens the current preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of Akt pathway targeting in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA7283 CREaT, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
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90
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Donovan P, Cato K, Legaie R, Jayalath R, Olsson G, Hall B, Olson S, Boros S, Reynolds BA, Harding A. Hyperdiploid tumor cells increase phenotypic heterogeneity within Glioblastoma tumors. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:741-58. [PMID: 24448662 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the identification of a proliferative, viable, and hyperdiploid tumor cell subpopulation present within Glioblastoma (GB) patient tumors. Using xenograft tumor models, we demonstrate that hyperdiploid cell populations are maintained in xenograft tumors and that clonally expanded hyperdiploid cells support tumor formation and progression in vivo. In some patient tumorsphere lines, hyperdiploidy is maintained during long-term culture and in vivo within xenograft tumor models, suggesting that hyperdiploidy can be a stable cell state. In other patient lines hyperdiploid cells display genetic drift in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that in these patients hyperdiploidy is a transient cell state that generates novel phenotypes, potentially facilitating rapid tumor evolution. We show that the hyperdiploid cells are resistant to conventional therapy, in part due to infrequent cell division due to a delay in the G₀/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Hyperdiploid tumor cells are significantly larger and more metabolically active than euploid cancer cells, and this correlates to an increased sensitivity to the effects of glycolysis inhibition. Together these data identify GB hyperdiploid tumor cells as a potentially important subpopulation of cells that are well positioned to contribute to tumor evolution and disease recurrence in adult brain cancer patients, and suggest tumor metabolism as a promising point of therapeutic intervention against this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Donovan
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, School of Life Sciences SV, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research ISREC, Switzerland.
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91
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Uemae Y, Ishikawa E, Osuka S, Matsuda M, Sakamoto N, Takano S, Nakai K, Yamamoto T, Matsumura A. CXCL12 secreted from glioma stem cells regulates their proliferation. J Neurooncol 2014; 117:43-51. [PMID: 24442483 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4, which are expressed by glioma stem cells (GSCs), play an important role in tumorigenesis. To provide evidence for establishing a new therapy targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway, we investigated whether CXCL12 secreted from GSCs contributed to their proliferation and promoted angiogenesis in murine GSCs. Angiogenetic functions and proliferation of GSCs with or without CXCL12 inhibitors were evaluated in an in vitro model using tube formation assays, RT-PCR, and proliferation, as well as in an in vivo syngenic model. In endothelial culture, the morphology and gene expression of GSCs changed from stem cell-like characteristics to endothelial cell-like features. CXCL12 expression increased in endothelial cell-like GSCs. CXCL12 blockage with siRNA or shRNA markedly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. CXCL12 knockdown with shRNA also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. On the other hand, CXCL12/CXCR4 blockage affected neither tube formation in vitro nor angiogenesis in vivo. The CXCL12 secreted from GSCs (autocrine/paracrine CXCL12) regulates their proliferation, but probably not angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youji Uemae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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92
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Kikuchi K, Hettmer S, Aslam MI, Michalek JE, Laub W, Wilky BA, Loeb DM, Rubin BP, Wagers AJ, Keller C. Cell-cycle dependent expression of a translocation-mediated fusion oncogene mediates checkpoint adaptation in rhabdomyosarcoma. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004107. [PMID: 24453992 PMCID: PMC3894165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most commonly occurring soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood. Most rhabdomyosarcoma falls into one of two biologically distinct subgroups represented by alveolar or embryonal histology. The alveolar subtype harbors a translocation-mediated PAX3:FOXO1A fusion gene and has an extremely poor prognosis. However, tumor cells have heterogeneous expression for the fusion gene. Using a conditional genetic mouse model as well as human tumor cell lines, we show that that Pax3:Foxo1a expression is enriched in G2 and triggers a transcriptional program conducive to checkpoint adaptation under stress conditions such as irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Pax3:Foxo1a also tolerizes tumor cells to clinically-established chemotherapy agents and emerging molecularly-targeted agents. Thus, the surprisingly dynamic regulation of the Pax3:Foxo1a locus is a paradigm that has important implications for the way in which oncogenes are modeled in cancer cells. Rare childhood cancers can be paradigms from which important new principles can be discerned. The childhood muscle cancer rhabdomyosarcoma is no exception, having been the focus of the original 1969 description by Drs. Li and Fraumeni of a syndrome now know to be commonly caused by underlying p53 tumor suppressor loss-of-function. In our studies using a conditional genetic mouse model of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in conjunction with human tumor cell lines, we have uncovered that the expression level of a translocation-mediated fusion gene, Pax3:Foxo1a, is dynamic and varies during the cell cycle. Our studies support that Pax3:Foxo1a facilitate the yeast-related process of checkpoint adaptation under stresses such as irradiation. The broader implication of our studies is that distal cis elements (promoter-influencing regions of DNA) may be critical to fully understanding the function of cancer-associated translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kikuchi
- Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Simone Hettmer
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, and Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M. Imran Aslam
- Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Joel E. Michalek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wolfram Laub
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Breelyn A. Wilky
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Loeb
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Taussig Cancer Center and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, and Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles Keller
- Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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93
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FOXO3a loss is a frequent early event in high-grade pelvic serous carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:4424-32. [PMID: 24077281 PMCID: PMC3969866 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serous ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in Western countries. The molecular events that underlie the development of the disease have been elusive for many years. The recent identification of the fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) as the cell-of-origin for most cases of this disease has led to studies aimed at elucidating new candidate therapeutic pathways through profiling of normal FTSECs and serous carcinomas. Here, we describe the results of transcriptional profiles that identify the loss of the tumor suppressive transcription factor FOXO3a in a vast majority of high grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). We show that FOXO3a loss is a hallmark of the earliest stages of serous carcinogenesis and occurs both at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. We describe several mechanisms responsible for FOXO3a inactivity, including chromosomal deletion (chromosome 6q21), upregulation of miRNA-182 and destabilization by activated PI3K and MEK. The identification of pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer can advance the management of this disease from being dependant on surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy alone to the era of targeted therapy. Our data strongly suggest FOXO3a as a possible target for clinical intervention.
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94
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Brain tumor stem cells: Molecular characteristics and their impact on therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 39:82-101. [PMID: 23831316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor and ranks among the most lethal of human cancers with conventional therapy offering only palliation. Great strides have been made in understanding brain cancer genetics and modeling these tumors with new targeted therapies being tested, but these advances have not translated into substantially improved patient outcomes. Multiple chemotherapeutic agents, including temozolomide, the first-line treatment for glioblastoma, have been developed to kill cancer cells. However, the response to temozolomide in GBM is modest. Radiation is also moderately effective but this approach is plagued by limitations due to collateral radiation damage to healthy brain tissue and development of radioresistance. Therapeutic resistance is attributed at least in part to a cell population within the tumor that possesses stem-like characteristics and tumor propagating capabilities, referred to as cancer stem cells. Within GBM, the intratumoral heterogeneity is derived from a combination of regional genetic variance and a cellular hierarchy often regulated by distinct cancer stem cell niches, most notably perivascular and hypoxic regions. With the recent emergence as a key player in tumor biology, cancer stem cells have symbiotic relationships with the tumor microenvironment, oncogenic signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. The origins of cancer stem cells and their contributions to brain tumor growth and therapeutic resistance are under active investigation with novel anti-cancer stem cell therapies offering potential new hope for this lethal disease.
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95
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Sampetrean O, Saya H. Characteristics of glioma stem cells. Brain Tumor Pathol 2013; 30:209-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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