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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Modulation of dysregulated cancer metabolism by plant secondary metabolites: A mechanistic review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:276-305. [PMID: 32081639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways and basic metabolites are responsible for the control of metabolism in both normal and cancer cells. As emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism, the abnormal activities of these pathways are of the most noticeable events in cancer. This altered metabolism expedites the survival and proliferation of cancer cells, which have attracted a substantial amount of interest in cancer metabolism. Nowadays, targeting metabolism and cross-linked signaling pathways in cancer has been a hot topic to investigate novel drugs against cancer. Despite the efficiency of conventional drugs in cancer therapy, their associated toxicity, resistance, and high-cost cause limitations in their application. Besides, considering the numerous signaling pathways cross-linked with cancer metabolism, discovery, and development of multi-targeted and safe natural compounds has been a high priority. Natural secondary metabolites have exhibited promising anticancer effects by targeting dysregulated signaling pathways linked to cancer metabolism. The present review reveals the metabolism and cross-linked dysregulated signaling pathways in cancer. The promising therapeutic targets in cancer, as well as the critical role of natural secondary metabolites for significant anticancer enhancements, have also been highlighted to find novel/potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Wu W, Jing D, Meng Z, Hu B, Zhong B, Deng X, Jin X, Shao Z. FGD1 promotes tumor progression and regulates tumor immune response in osteosarcoma via inhibiting PTEN activity. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2859-2871. [PMID: 32194840 PMCID: PMC7052884 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal cell-derived osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor affecting children and adolescents. PTEN down-regulation or function-loss mutation is associated with the aggressive of osteosarcoma. Explicating the regulatory mechanism of PTEN might highlight new targets for improving the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. Methods: The clinical relevance of FGD1 was examined by the TCGA data set, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of osteosarcoma microarray slides. Functional assays, such as the MTS assay, colony formation assay and xenografts, were used to determine the biological role of FGD1 in osteosarcoma. The protein-protein interaction between FGD1 and PTEN was detected via co-immunoprecipitation. The relationship between FGD1 and PD-L1 was examined by Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: In this study, analysis of the TCGA data set of sarcomas revealed that FGD1 was over-expressed with the highest P values. Then, we demonstrated that FGD1 was also abnormally up-regulated in osteosarcoma with unfavorable prognosis. Aberrant expressed FGD1 promoted the osteosarcoma tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, we found that FGD1 was participated in activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with PTEN. Finally, we showed that FGD1 was capable of regulating the tumor immune response via the PTEN/PD-L1 axis in osteosarcoma. Conclusions: Our data suggested that abnormally over-expressed FGD1 functions as an oncogenic protein to promote osteosarcoma progression through inhibiting PTEN activity and activating PI3K/AKT signaling. Notably, FGD1 increased PD-L1 expression in a PTEN dependent manner and modulated the sensitivity of immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy in osteosarcoma. Thus, FGD1 might be a potential target for improving the survival rate of osteosarcomas.
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Song L, Qi Y, Lin M. Long noncoding RNA PLAC2 regulates PTEN in retinoblastoma and participates in the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2489-2494. [PMID: 32194749 PMCID: PMC7039102 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA placenta-specific 2 (PLAC2) blocks the cancer cell cycle in glioma, suggesting its tumor-suppressive role. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PLAC2 in retinoblastoma (Rb). It was found that PLAC2 was downregulated in Rb tissues and was not affected by the development of Rb. PTEN was also downregulated in Rb and positively correlated with PLAC2. In Rb cells, PLAC2 over-expression resulted in the upregulated expression of PTEN, while PTEN over-expression did not affect PLAC2 expression. PLAC2 and PTEN over-expression caused an increased apoptotic rate of Rb cells. PTEN small interfering RNA silencing led to a decreased apoptotic rate and attenuated the effects of PLAC2 over-expression. Therefore, PLAC2 regulates PTEN in Rb and participates in the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Hubin Aier Eye Hospital Limited, Binzhou, Shandong 256613, P.R. China
| | - Yueqin Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Hubin Aier Eye Hospital Limited, Binzhou, Shandong 256613, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Holič R, Pokorná L, Griač P. Metabolism of phospholipids in the yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2019; 37:73-92. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Holič
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pokorná
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Griač
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
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Xiang X, Zhuang L, Chen H, Yang X, Li H, Li G, Yu J. Everolimus inhibits the proliferation and migration of epidermal growth factor receptor-resistant lung cancer cells A549 via regulating the microRNA-4328/phosphatase and tensin homolog signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5269-5276. [PMID: 31612036 PMCID: PMC6781784 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide, and investigating novel therapeutics methods for the treatment of chemoresistant lung cancer are of notable clinical significance. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays were performed to analyze the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and microRNA-4328 (miR-4328), and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell migration assays were conducted to evaluate the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, respectively. Everolimus was observed to upregulate the expression of PTEN and inhibit the proliferation and migration of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The knockdown of PTEN abolished the effects of everolimus on the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, and everolimus was demonstrated to upregulate PTEN, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of A549 cells via downregulating miR-4328. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that everolimus inhibited the proliferation and migration of EGFR-resistant A549 lung cancer cells via regulating the miR-4328/PTEN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Palliative Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Huicheng Chen
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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Noguchi S, Ogusu R, Wada Y, Matsuyama S, Mori T. PTEN, A Target of Microrna-374b, Contributes to the Radiosensitivity of Canine Oral Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4631. [PMID: 31540513 PMCID: PMC6770036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (CoMM) is often treated by radiation therapy in veterinary medicine. However, not all cases are successfully managed by this treatment. For improved efficacy of radiation therapy, biomarkers predicting the radiosensitivity of melanoma cells need to be explored. Here, we, first, developed the radioresistant CoMM cell line, KMeC/R. We found that the expression level of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) of KMeC/R cells was significantly downregulated compared with KMeC cells. Overexpression of PTEN successfully restored the radiosensitivity of KMeC/R cells, and silencing of PTEN significantly increased the radioresistance of the CoMM cells tested. Next, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) to explore the mechanisms of downregulation of PTEN in KMeC/R cells. miR-374b was upregulated in KMeC/R cells compared with that in KMeC cells and in the irradiated CoMM cells tested. Furthermore, miR-374b directly targeted PTEN based on the luciferase activity assay. Moreover, the extrinsic miR-374b significantly increased the radioresistance of KMeC cells. In addition, the expression level of PTEN was significantly downregulated and that of miR-374b tended to be upregulated in recurrent CoMM tissues after radiation therapy compared with the pre-treatment tissues. Thus, the current study suggested that the miR-374b/PTEN signaling pathway possibly plays an important role in CoMM radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Ryo Ogusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1112, Japan.
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57
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Zheng T, Shi Y, Zhang J, Peng J, Zhang X, Chen K, Chen Y, Liu L. MiR-130a exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke through PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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58
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Genomic Features of Metastatic Testicular Sex Cord Stromal Tumors. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 5:748-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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59
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Vivet-Noguer R, Tarin M, Roman-Roman S, Alsafadi S. Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities Based on Current Knowledge of Uveal Melanoma Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1019. [PMID: 31330784 PMCID: PMC6678734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal Melanoma (UM) is a rare and malignant intraocular tumor with dismal prognosis. Despite the efficient control of the primary tumor by radiation or surgery, up to 50% of patients subsequently develop metastasis, mainly in the liver. Once the tumor has spread from the eye, the treatment is challenging and the median survival is only nine months. UM represents an intriguing model of oncogenesis that is characterized by a relatively homogeneous histopathological architecture and a low burden of genetic alterations, in contrast to other melanomas. UM is driven by recurrent activating mutations in Gαq pathway, which are associated with a second mutation in BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1), splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1), or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A X-linked (EIF1AX), occurring in an almost mutually exclusive manner. The monosomy of chromosome 3 is also a recurrent feature that is associated with high metastatic risk. These events driving UM oncogenesis have been thoroughly investigated over the last decade. However, no efficient related therapeutic strategies are yet available and the metastatic disease remains mostly incurable. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the molecular biology and the genetics of uveal melanoma and highlight the related therapeutic applications and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vivet-Noguer
- Uveal Melanoma Translational Group, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Malcy Tarin
- Uveal Melanoma Translational Group, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Uveal Melanoma Translational Group, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Samar Alsafadi
- Uveal Melanoma Translational Group, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248 Paris, France.
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60
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Shirmohamadi M, Eghbali E, Najjary S, Mokhtarzadeh A, Kojabad AB, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Lotfinezhad P, Baradaran B. Regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:776-789. [PMID: 31264216 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and hard-to-treat cancers in the world, which in its advanced stages, surgery and chemotherapy are the main common treatment approaches. The microRNAs (miRNAs), as novel markers for CRC detection, promote their regulatory effects via the 3'-untranslated binding region (3'-UTR) of target messenger RNA in posttranscriptional regulation of genes and also play a pivotal role in modulating resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These small noncoding RNAs have also a critical role in CRC stem cells (CRCSCs) regulation, comprising self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinctive cell types inside a tumor tissue that are believed to derive from normal somatic stem cells. The CSCs have self-renewal abilities, angiogenesis, as well as specific surface markers expression characteristics. Furthermore, they are frequently criticized for tumor maintenance, treatment resistance, tumor development, and distant metastasis. In this review, we discuss the current understandings of CRCSCs and their environment with a focus on the role of miRNAs on the regulation of CSCs and their targeting application in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Eghbali
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Parisa Lotfinezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Londhe P, Gutwillig M, London C. Targeted Therapies in Veterinary Oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:917-931. [PMID: 31186124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology have permitted a much more detailed understanding of cellular dysfunction at the molecular and genetic levels in cancer cells. This has resulted in the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, including proteins that regulate signal transduction, gene expression, and protein turnover. In many instances, small molecules are used to disrupt the function of these targets, often through competitive inhibition of ATP binding or the prevention of necessary protein-protein interactions. More than 40 small molecule inhibitors are now approved to treat a variety of human cancers, substantially impacting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Megan Gutwillig
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Cheryl London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Medicine, Tufts University, Jaharis Building, Room 814, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 0211, USA.
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Phosphatidylinositol 5 Phosphate (PI5P): From Behind the Scenes to the Front (Nuclear) Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092080. [PMID: 31035587 PMCID: PMC6539119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI)-related signaling plays a pivotal role in many cellular aspects, including survival, cell proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage, and trafficking. PI is the core of a network of proteins represented by kinases, phosphatases, and lipases which are able to add, remove or hydrolyze PI, leading to different phosphoinositide products. Among the seven known phosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate (PI5P) was the last to be discovered. PI5P presence in cells is very low compared to other PIs. However, much evidence collected throughout the years has described the role of this mono-phosphoinositide in cell cycles, stress response, T-cell activation, and chromatin remodeling. Interestingly, PI5P has been found in different cellular compartments, including the nucleus. Here, we will review the nuclear role of PI5P, describing how it is synthesized and regulated, and how changes in the levels of this rare phosphoinositide can lead to different nuclear outputs.
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63
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Lin X, Tang X, Zheng T, Qiu J, Hua K. Long Non-Coding RNA NONHSAT076754 Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:1930-1940. [PMID: 31205552 PMCID: PMC6547989 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical determinants of ovarian cancer development and progression, reports of metastasis-associated lncRNAs are limited. Here, we focused on NONHSAT076754 and explored its expression level, clinical value, biological behavior and molecular basis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasis. The results showed that NONHSAT076754 expression was increased in EOC tissues and cell lines and that this expression was closely related with FIGO stage, high tumor grade and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, NONHSAT076754 knockdown markedly inhibited EOC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Consistently, the in vivo data from both the bioluminescence imaging and tumor dissection revealed that depletion of NONHSAT076754 reduced EOC metastasis. Mechanically, the pro-metastatic activities of NONHSAT076754 were partially regulated by PTEN and HTATIP2. Further rescue assays validated that knockdown of HTATIP2 remarkably reversed NONHSAT076754 silencer-induced inhibition of EOC cell metastasis. These data indicate that NONHSAT076754 is a vital regulator of EOC metastasis, laying the foundation for lncRNA-based clinical management of EOC aggressiveness and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Miyake N, Chikumi H, Yamaguchi K, Takata M, Takata M, Okada K, Kitaura T, Nakamoto M, Yamasaki A. Effect of Cetuximab and EGFR Small Interfering RNA Combination Treatment in NSCLC Cell Lines with Wild Type EGFR and Use of KRAS as a Possible Biomarker for Treatment Responsiveness. Yonago Acta Med 2019. [PMID: 30962749 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cetuximab is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody that inhibits EGFR signaling and proliferation of colorectal cancer and head and neck cancers. Since only few NSCLC patients benefit from cetuximab therapy, we evaluated a novel combination treatment using cetuximab and EGFR small interfering RNA (siRNA) to strongly suppress EGFR signaling and searched for a biomarker in NSCLC cell lines harboring wild-type EGFR. Methods Alterations in EGFR and its downstream genes in five NSCLC cell lines (A549, Lu99, 86-2, Sq19 and Ma10) were assessed through sequencing. The protein expression levels of these molecules were assessed through western blotting. The effect of combination treatment was determined through cell proliferation assay, caspase-3/7 assay, invasion assay, and migration assay. Results All cell lines were harboring wild-type EGFR, whereas KRAS, PTEN, TP53 and TP53 were mutated in A549 and Lu99; Lu99 and Sq19; Lu99, 86-2, Sq19 and Ma10; and A549, 86-2, and Sq19 cell lines, respectively. PTEN was not expressed in Sq19, and LKB1 was not expressed in both A549 and Sq19. TP53 was not expressed in both A549 and Lu99. The combination of cetuximab and EGFR siRNA significantly suppressed cell proliferation in 86-2, Sq19 and Ma10, which express wild-type KRAS. It induced apoptosis in A549, 86-2 and Ma10 cells, which express wild type PTEN. The combination treatment had no effect either on cell invasion nor migration in all cell lines. Conclusion EGFR targeted therapy using the combination of cetuximab and EGFR siRNA is effective in NSCLC cell lines harboring wild-type EGFR. Wild-type KRAS may act as a potential biomarker for response to combination treatment by the induction of apoptosis in cells with wild-type PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Miyake
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Chikumi
- †Division of Infectious Diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Miyako Takata
- ‡Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Miki Takata
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kensaku Okada
- †Division of Infectious Diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kitaura
- †Division of Infectious Diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamoto
- †Division of Infectious Diseases, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Akira Yamasaki
- Division of Medical Oncology and Molecular Respirology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Zheng D, Su Z, Zhang Y, Ni R, Fan GC, Robbins J, Song LS, Li J, Peng T. Calpain-2 promotes MKP-1 expression protecting cardiomyocytes in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1051-1065. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Álvarez-Garcia V, Tawil Y, Wise HM, Leslie NR. Mechanisms of PTEN loss in cancer: It's all about diversity. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:66-79. [PMID: 30738865 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly, loss of function of the PTEN tumour suppressor is one of the most common events observed in many types of cancer. Although the mechanisms by which PTEN function is disrupted are diverse, the most frequently observed events are deletion of a single gene copy of PTEN and gene silencing, usually observed in tumours with little or no PTEN protein detectable by immunohistochemistry. Accordingly, with the exceptions of glioblastoma and endometrial cancer, mutations of the PTEN coding sequence are uncommon (<10%) in most types of cancer. Here we review the data relating to PTEN loss in seven common tumour types and discuss mechanisms of PTEN regulation, some of which appear to contribute to reduced PTEN protein levels in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Álvarez-Garcia
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yasmine Tawil
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Helen M Wise
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Yehia L, Ngeow J, Eng C. PTEN-opathies: from biological insights to evidence-based precision medicine. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:452-464. [PMID: 30614812 DOI: 10.1172/jci121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) classically counteracts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade. Germline pathogenic PTEN mutations cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), featuring various benign and malignant tumors, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. Germline and somatic mosaic mutations in genes encoding components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downstream of PTEN predispose to syndromes with partially overlapping clinical features, termed the "PTEN-opathies." Experimental models of PTEN pathway disruption uncover the molecular and cellular processes influencing clinical phenotypic manifestations. Such insights not only teach us about biological mechanisms in states of health and disease, but also enable more accurate gene-informed cancer risk assessment, medical management, and targeted therapeutics. Hence, the PTEN-opathies serve as a prototype for bedside to bench, and back to the bedside, practice of evidence-based precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Herta AC, Lolicato F, Smitz JEJ. In vitro follicle culture in the context of IVF. Reproduction 2018; 156:F59-F73. [PMID: 29980584 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The currently available assisted reproduction techniques for fertility preservation (i.e. in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization) are insufficient as stand-alone procedures as only few reproductive cells can be conserved with these techniques. Oocytes in primordial follicles are well suited to survive the cryopreservation procedure and of use as valuable starting material for fertilization, on the condition that these could be grown up to fully matured oocytes. Our understanding of the biological mechanisms directing primordial follicle activation has increased over the last years and this knowledge has paved the way toward clinical applications. New multistep in vitro systems are making use of purified precursor cells and extracellular matrix components and by applying bio-printing technologies, an adequate follicular niche can be built. IVM of human oocytes is clinically applied in patients with polycystic ovary/polycystic ovary syndrome; related knowhow could become useful for fertility preservation and for patients with maturation failure and follicle-stimulating hormone resistance. The expectations from the research on human ovarian tissue and immature oocytes cultures, in combination with the improved vitrification methods, are high as these technologies can offer realistic potential for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria C Herta
- Follicle Biology LaboratoryVrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesca Lolicato
- Follicle Biology LaboratoryVrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan E J Smitz
- Follicle Biology LaboratoryVrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Yang Y, Sun D, Zhou J, Tan C, Zhang H, Chen Z, Hao C, Zhang J. LPS expands MDSCs by inhibiting apoptosis through the regulation of the GATA2/let-7e axis. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 97:142-151. [PMID: 30221399 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a group of immature myeloid cells composed of myeloid progenitor cells and immature myeloid cells that can negatively regulate immune responses by inhibiting T-cell function. In mice, MDSCs are broadly defined by the expression of CD11b and Gr1. We and others have shown that injection of a lethal or sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice could result in the expansion of MDSCs in the bone marrow (BM), spleen and blood. Until now, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this expansion are poorly studied; specifically, the roles of the individual microRNAs (miRNAs) which may be involved remain largely unknown. We performed microarray analysis to compare the miRNA expression profiles of CD11b+ Gr1+ cells sorted from the BM of LPS-injected and phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice. We identified let-7e, which was highly upregulated in the LPS-treated group, as a potent regulator of LPS-induced MDSC expansion. Furthermore, let-7e overexpression in BM chimeric mice led to a noticeable increase in the population of CD11b+ Gr1+ cells, which resulted from reduced cellular apoptosis. Further studies showed that let-7e could directly target caspase-3 to inhibit cell apoptosis, and upregulation of let-7e in LPS-stimulated MDSCs could be due to the relieved repression of let-7e transcription exerted by downregulated GATA2. Our findings suggest that LPS expands MDSCs by inhibiting apoptosis through the regulation of the GATA2/let-7e axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chensheng Tan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - ZhengRong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - ChuangLi Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Yehia L, Eng C. 65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: One gene, many endocrine and metabolic syndromes: PTEN-opathies and precision medicine. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T121-T140. [PMID: 29792313 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An average of 10% of all cancers (range 1-40%) are caused by heritable mutations and over the years have become powerful models for precision medicine practice. Furthermore, such cancer predisposition genes for seemingly rare syndromes have turned out to help explain mechanisms of sporadic carcinogenesis and often inform normal development. The tumor suppressor PTEN encodes a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that counteracts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade - one of the most critical growth-promoting signaling pathways. Clinically, individuals with germline PTEN mutations have diverse phenotypes and fall under the umbrella term PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). PHTS encompasses four clinically distinct allelic overgrowth syndromes, namely Cowden, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, Proteus and Proteus-like syndromes. Relatedly, mutations in other genes encoding components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downstream of PTEN also predispose patients to partially overlapping clinical manifestations, with similar effects as PTEN malfunction. We refer to these syndromes as 'PTEN-opathies.' As a tumor suppressor and key regulator of normal development, PTEN dysfunction can cause a spectrum of phenotypes including benign overgrowths, malignancies, metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Relevant to clinical practice, the identification of PTEN mutations in patients not only establishes a PHTS molecular diagnosis, but also informs on more accurate cancer risk assessment and medical management of those patients and affected family members. Importantly, timely diagnosis is key, as early recognition allows for preventative measures such as high-risk screening and surveillance even prior to cancer onset. This review highlights the translational impact that the discovery of PTEN has had on the diagnosis, management and treatment of PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus GroupCASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Inhibition of PTEN protects PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation induced cell death through mitoprotection. Brain Res 2018; 1692:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Counihan JL, Grossman EA, Nomura DK. Cancer Metabolism: Current Understanding and Therapies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6893-6923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Counihan
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Grossman
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Xu J, Wang K, Wu J. A short and efficient total synthesis of the bromotyrosine-derived alkaloid psammaplysene A. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13747-13749. [PMID: 35539328 PMCID: PMC9079787 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psammaplysene A, an inhibitor of FOXO1a-mediated nuclear export, has been synthesized by a concise and improved route from tyrosine-derived acid and amine fragments which were easily constructed using commercially available p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and tyramine as starting material, respectively. The strategy provides an efficient access of psammaplysene analogues that can be explored for potential pharmaceutical or biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Department of Chemistry, Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Wang S, Huang Y, Mu X, Qi T, Qiao S, Lu Z, Li H. DNA methylation is related to the occurrence of breast cancer and is not affected by culture conditions. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7365-7371. [PMID: 29568926 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between DNA methylation and breast cancer under different cell culture conditions. MCF‑7 breast cancer cells were cultured in two‑dimensional (2D), three‑dimensional (3D) and orthotopic transplantation (Ti) adhesion substrates. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for global visualization of these three samples. The methylation status of CpG sites was examined by unsupervised clustering analysis. Scatter plots and histograms were constructed from the mean β‑values from 3D vs. 2D, 3D vs. Ti and Ti vs. 2D analysis. In addition, analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were conducted to explore the putative biological functions in which mutL homolog (MLH), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), runt‑related transcription factor (RUNX), Ras association domain family (RASSF), cadherin 1 (CDH1), O‑6‑methylguanine‑DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and P16 may serve a role. Quantitative methylation‑specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) was performed to determine the influence of culturing conditions on important gene expression. Results from PCA analysis indicated that the three samples were closely connected with each other. Venn diagrams revealed that certain differential methylation positions were common among the three sample groups, and 116 CpG positions were identified that appeared to be hypermethylated. The methylation patterns were more similar between 3D vs. 2D cultures compared with those between 3D vs. Ti or between Ti vs. 2D. Results of GO term and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that genes were enriched in four pathways, including transporter activity and G‑protein coupled receptor activity. In addition, QMSP analysis identified no notable differences in the methylation status of MLH, PTEN, RUNX, RASSF, CDH1, MGMT and P16 under 2D, 3D and Ti culture conditions. In conclusion, abnormal DNA methylation is related with breast cancer, and the methylation status did not change in breast cancer cells cultured in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibao Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Science Research Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xupeng Mu
- Science Research Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Qi
- Science Research Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sha Qiao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxia Lu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Physical Examination Center, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Ma H, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang S, Zhao C, Yang H, Wang H, Fang Z, Wu L, Chen X. The melatonin-MT1 receptor axis modulates tumor growth in PTEN-mutated gliomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1322-1330. [PMID: 29408377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
More than 40% of glioma patients have tumors that harbor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) mutations; this disease is associated with poor therapeutic resistance and outcome. Such mutations are linked to increased cell survival and growth, decreased apoptosis, and drug resistance; thus, new therapeutic strategies focusing on inhibiting glioma tumorigenesis and progression are urgently needed. Melatonin, an indolamine produced and secreted predominantly by the pineal gland, mediates a variety of physiological functions and possesses antioxidant and antitumor properties. Here, we analyzed the relationship between PTEN and the inhibitory effect of melatonin in primary human glioma cells and cultured glioma cell lines. The results showed that melatonin can inhibit glioma cell growth both in culture and in vivo. This inhibition was associated with PTEN levels, which significantly correlated with the expression level of MT1 in patients. In fact, c-fos-mediated MT1 was shown to be a key modulator of the effect of melatonin on gliomas that harbor wild type PTEN. Taken together, these data suggest that melatonin-MT1 receptor complexes represent a potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shangrong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xueran Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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Haddadi N, Lin Y, Travis G, Simpson AM, McGowan EM, Nassif NT. PTEN/PTENP1: 'Regulating the regulator of RTK-dependent PI3K/Akt signalling', new targets for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:37. [PMID: 29455665 PMCID: PMC5817727 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the PI-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is essential for maintaining the integrity of fundamental cellular processes, cell growth, survival, death and metabolism, and dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in the development and progression of cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are major upstream regulators of PI3K/Akt signalling. The phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a well characterised tumour suppressor, is a prime antagonist of PI3K and therefore a negative regulator of this pathway. Loss or inactivation of PTEN, which occurs in many tumour types, leads to overactivation of RTK/PI3K/Akt signalling driving tumourigenesis. Cellular PTEN levels are tightly regulated by a number of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. Of particular interest, transcription of the PTEN pseudogene, PTENP1, produces sense and antisense transcripts that exhibit post-transcriptional and transcriptional modulation of PTEN expression respectively. These additional levels of regulatory complexity governing PTEN expression add to the overall intricacies of the regulation of RTK/PI-3 K/Akt signalling. This review will discuss the regulation of oncogenic PI3K signalling by PTEN (the regulator) with a focus on the modulatory effects of the sense and antisense transcripts of PTENP1 on PTEN expression, and will further explore the potential for new therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Glena Travis
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Ann M. Simpson
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
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Zhang Y, Sun B, Huang Z, Zhao DW, Zeng Q. Shikonin Inhibites Migration and Invasion of Thyroid Cancer Cells by Downregulating DNMT1. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:661-670. [PMID: 29389913 PMCID: PMC5804303 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shikonin is a component of Chinese herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of shikonin on cell migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells of the TPC-1 cell line in vitro and expression levels of the phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) genes. Material/Methods The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of TPC-1 papillary thyroid cancer cells, and the normal thyroid cells, HTori-3, in vitro. A transwell motility assay was used to analyze the migration of TPC-1 cells. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of PTEN and DNMT1 genes. A methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (MSP) assay was used to evaluate the methylation of PTEN. Results Following treatment with shikonin, the cell survival rate of TPC-1 cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner; the inhibitory effects on HTori-3 cells were less marked. Shikonin inhibited TPC-1 cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. The methylation of PTEN was suppressed by shikonin, which also reduced the expression of DNMT1 in a dose-dependent manner, and increased the expression of PTEN. Overexpression of DNMT1 promoted the migration of TPC-1 cells and the methylation of PTEN. Levels of protein expression of PTEN in TPC-1 cells treated with shikonin decreased, and were increased by DNMT1 knockdown. Conclusions Shikonin suppressed the expression of DNMT1, reduced PTEN gene methylation, and increased PTEN protein expression, leading to the inhibition of TPC-1 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Dai-Wei Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Qingfan Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Chang J, Tang N, Fang Q, Zhu K, Liu L, Xiong X, Zhu Z, Zhang B, Zhang M, Tao J. Inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX regulates the progression of colorectal cancer by promoting PTEN and suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 517:1-7. [PMID: 29339153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, local and systemic inflammatory responses have been extensively reported to closely associate with patient survival. However, the specific signaling pathways responsible for carcinogenic responses are unclear. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT pathway that is gradually inactivated in cancers through mutation, loss of heterozygosity and others epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, COX and LOX metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid (AA) play a crucial role in promoting adenoma development. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship of COX, LOX and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Results showed that the over-expressed COX and LOX in cancer cells can be targeted to decrease the expression of PTEN. After using corresponding inhibitors, this condition was significantly improved and promoted apoptosis, inhibited invasion, proliferation and the production of reactive oxygen species. And for COX-2-/- or 5-LOX-/- ApcMin/+ mice, the PI3K/AKT pathway was further inhibited via promoting PTEN. Furthermore, weakened oxidative stress, inhibited adenoma growth, and improved survival rate. All findings indicated that PTEN was indirectly targeted by these enzyme inhibitors and acted as the potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer therapy. In short, COX-2 or 5-LOX deletion and its inhibitors enhanced activity of PTEN and suppressed cell and adenoma progression through PI3K/AKT pathway in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan First Hospital, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Kongfan Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Xingcheng Xiong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Zhongchao Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
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79
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McLoughlin NM, Mueller C, Grossmann TN. The Therapeutic Potential of PTEN Modulation: Targeting Strategies from Gene to Protein. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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80
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Abstract
Trophic factors control cellular physiology by activating specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). While the over activation of RTK signaling pathways is associated with cell growth and cancer, recent findings support the concept that impaired down-regulation or deactivation of RTKs may also be a mechanism involved in tumor formation. Under this perspective, the molecular determinants of RTK signaling inhibition may act as tumor-suppressor genes and have a potential role as tumor markers to monitor and predict disease progression. Here, we review the current understanding of the physiological mechanisms that attenuate RTK signaling and discuss evidence that implicates deregulation of these events in cancer.
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81
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Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Grodzik M, Strojny B, Kurantowicz N, Zdunek K, Chodun R, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles decrease migration and invasiveness in glioblastoma cell lines by impairing extracellular adhesion. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7241-7254. [PMID: 29042773 PMCID: PMC5634373 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma is one of the most significant problems regarding the treatment of this tumor. Diamond nanoparticles (ND), graphite nanoparticles (NG), and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (nGO) have been explored for their biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. The objective of this research was to assess changes in the adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U118, after ND, NG, and nGO treatment. All treatments affected the cell surface structure, adhesion-dependent EGFR/AKT/mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, decreasing the migration and invasiveness of both glioblastoma cell lines. The examined nanoparticles did not show strong toxicity but effectively deregulated cell migration. ND was effectively taken up by cells, whereas nGO and NG strongly interacted with the cell surface. These results indicate that nanoparticles could be used in biomedical applications as a low toxicity active compound for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kutwin
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
| | | | - Krzysztof Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Chodun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Science
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82
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Dai B, Ma Y, Wang W, Zhan Y, Zhang D, Liu R, Zhang Y. Dihydroberberine exhibits synergistic effects with sunitinib on NSCLC NCI-H460 cells by repressing MAP kinase pathways and inflammatory mediators. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2573-2585. [PMID: 28444871 PMCID: PMC5618684 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly effective and attenuated dose schedules are good regimens for drug research and development. Combination chemotherapy is a good strategy in cancer therapy. We evaluated the antitumour effects of dihydroberberine combined with sunitinib (DCS) on the human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC), A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H1299 in vitro and in vivo. DCS showed synergic effects on NCI-H460 cell proliferation, colony formation and transplantable tumour growth, which suggested dihydroberberine increases the sensitivity of lung carcinoma to sunitinib. Further studies indicated that DCS down-regulated phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and NF-κB in NCI-H460 cells and tumours and suppressed the IκB and COX-2 expression. In addition, DCS reduced the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), in tumours. Inhibition of p38 activation by DCS was a likely contributing factor in IL-1 and COX-2 down-regulation. Consistent with these results, a genomewide microarray analysis found that DCS induced the expression of cell cycle signal molecules that are known to be affected by JNK and p38. The change of cell cycle, in turn, led to down-regulation of JNK and p38, and further reduced IL-1 secretion. Collectively, these findings highlight potential molecular mechanisms of DCS chemotherapeutic activity and suggest that DCS is an efficacious strategy in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Dai
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yujiao Ma
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingzhuan Zhan
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui Liu
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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83
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The anti-tumor effect of pachymic acid on osteosarcoma cells by inducing PTEN and Caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis. J Nat Med 2017; 72:57-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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84
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Zhou J, Jia L, Hu Z, Wang Y. Pharmacological Inhibition of PTEN Aggravates Acute Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9503. [PMID: 28842716 PMCID: PMC5572703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion is a major cause of acute kidney injury. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are not fully defined. Here, we investigated the role of PTEN, a dual protein/lipid phosphatase, in the development of ischemic AKI in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of PTEN with bpV(HOpic) exacerbated renal dysfunction and promoted tubular damage in mice with IRI compared with vehicle-treated mice with IRI. PTEN inhibition enhanced tubular cell apoptosis in kidneys with IRI, which was associated with excessive caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, PTEN inhibition expanded the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into kidneys with IRI, which was accompanied by increased expression of the proinflammatory molecules. These results have demonstrated that PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury through regulating tubular cell apoptosis and inflammation suggesting PTEN could be a potential therapeutic target for acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Jia
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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85
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Phosphatases and solid tumors: focus on glioblastoma initiation, progression and recurrences. Biochem J 2017; 474:2903-2924. [PMID: 28801478 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases and cancer have been related for many years now, as these enzymes regulate key cellular functions, including cell survival, migration, differentiation and proliferation. Dysfunctions or mutations affecting these enzymes have been demonstrated to be key factors for oncogenesis. The aim of this review is to shed light on the role of four different phosphatases (PTEN, PP2A, CDC25 and DUSP1) in five different solid tumors (breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer), in order to better understand the most frequent and aggressive primary cancer of the central nervous system, glioblastoma.
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86
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Tang L, Li X, Gao Y, Chen L, Gu L, Chen J, Lyu X, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression on oncologic outcome in renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179437. [PMID: 28672019 PMCID: PMC5495211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene is suggested to be a dormant tumor suppressor. However, the prognostic value of the loss of PTEN expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of PTEN expression with the clinicopathological presentations and outcomes of patients with RCC through immunohistochemistry staining analysis. We systematically searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until March 2016. Data regarding clinical stage, pathological type, Fuhrman grade, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) was analyzed in the present study. In total, there were 12 studies with 2,368 patients included in this meta-analysis. The low PTEN expression in RCC was significantly associated with unfavorable DSS (HR = 1.568, 95% CI 1.015-2.242) in a random-effects model but not with OS (HR = 1.046, 95% CI 0.93-1.176) and PFS (HR = 1.244, 95% CI 0.907-1.704). Other results indicated that PTEN expression was not correlated with clinical stage, pathological type, and Fuhrman grade. This meta-analysis suggests that PTEN expression is of limited value in predicting the prognosis of patients with RCC for OS and PFS via immunohistochemistry staining analysis; and that for DSS, low PTEN expression is significantly associated with an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xintao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyou Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Department of Urology, Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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87
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Hamann BL, Blind RD. Nuclear phosphoinositide regulation of chromatin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:107-123. [PMID: 28256711 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has clear connections to a wide array of cellular processes, particularly in gene expression and in controlling the chromatin biology of cells. However, most of the work elucidating how phospholipid signaling pathways contribute to cellular physiology have studied cytoplasmic membranes, while relatively little attention has been paid to the role of phospholipid signaling in the nucleus. Recent work from several labs has shown that nuclear phospholipid signaling can have important roles that are specific to this cellular compartment. This review focuses on the nuclear phospholipid functions and the activities of phospholipid signaling enzymes that regulate metazoan chromatin and gene expression. In particular, we highlight the roles that nuclear phosphoinositides play in several nuclear-driven physiological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. Taken together, the recent discovery of several specifically nuclear phospholipid functions could have dramatic impact on our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that enable tight control of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree L Hamann
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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88
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Jiang C, Fang X, Zhang H, Wang X, Li M, Jiang W, Tian F, Zhu L, Bian Z. Triptolide inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma by regulating microRNA-181a via targeting PTEN gene in vivo and vitro. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697556. [PMID: 28381158 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the anti-tumor effects of triptolide on osteosarcoma and the related molecular mechanisms. The cell viability, apoptosis portion, tumor size, tumor weight, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells were determined. The relative level of microRNA-181 in osteosarcoma tissues and the adjacent tissues was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The target gene of microRNA-181a was determined and verified by luciferase report assay. At last, osteosarcoma cells were treated with triptolide and triptolide + microRNA-181a mimics to verify the relationship between triptolide and microRNA-181a. Triptolide inhibited the cell viability, promoted the apoptosis, decreased the tumor size and weight, and reduced the invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The level of microRNA-181a in osteosarcoma cells decreased significantly after treating with triptolide, and the relative level of microRNA-181a in osteosarcoma tissues was markedly higher than that in the adjacent tissues. PTEN was reported and verified the direct target gene of microRNA-181a. The overexpression of microRNA-181a decreased the inhibition of triptolide on osteosarcoma proliferation and promotion on osteosarcoma apoptosis. In conclusion, triptolide inhibited cell growth and invasion of osteosarcoma by regulating microRNA-181a via targeting PTEN gene in vivo and vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Jiang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Hangzhou Orthopedic Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maoqiang Li
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Hangzhou Orthopedic Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Hangzhou Orthopedic Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Tian
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Hangzhou Orthopedic Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Hangzhou Orthopedic Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Bian
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Hangzhou Orthopedic Institute, Hangzhou, China
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89
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Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Pathway Activations and New Routes to Targeted Therapies in Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2017; 39:1-13. [PMID: 28045747 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive genomic profiling of clinical samples by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify one or more therapy targets for the treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) with a single diagnostic test. METHODS NGS was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries using DNA extracted from 4 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections cut at 10 microns from 30 MM cases. The exons of 182 cancer-related genes were fully sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 at an average sequencing depth of 1098X and evaluated for genomic alterations (GAs) including point mutations, insertions, deletions, copy number alterations, and select gene fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant GAs (CRGAs) were defined as those identifying commercially available targeted therapeutics or therapies in registered clinical trials. RESULTS The 30 American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV MM included 17 (57%) male and 13 (43%) female patients with a mean age of 59.5 years (range 41-83 years). All MM samples had at least 1 GA, and an average of 2.7 GA/sample (range 1-7) was identified. The mean number of GA did not differ based on age or sex; however, on average, significantly more GAs were identified in amelanotic and poorly differentiated MM. GAs were most commonly identified in BRAF (12 cases, 40%), CDKN2A (6 cases, 20%), NF1 (8 cases, 26.7%), and NRAS (6 cases, 20%). CRGAs were identified in all patients, and represented 77% of the GA (64/83) detected. The median and mean CRGAs per tumor were 2 and 2.1, respectively (range 1-7). CONCLUSION Comprehensive genomic profiling of MM, using a single diagnostic test, uncovers an unexpectedly high number of CRGA that would not be identified by standard of care testing. Moreover, NGS has the potential to influence therapy selection and can direct patients to enter relevant clinical trials evaluating promising targeted therapies.
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90
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Zhang D, Wang J, Zhou C, Xiao W. Zebrafish akt2 is essential for survival, growth, bone development, and glucose homeostasis. Mech Dev 2017; 143:42-52. [PMID: 28132765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As one of three akt isoforms, akt2 plays a key role in the regulation of widely divergent cellular processes in mammals. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in zebrafish remain largely unknown. To elucidate the function of akt2 in zebrafish, we generated zebrafish lacking akt2 gene via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Akt2-null zebrafish exhibit partial lethality and severe growth deficiency, which is different from those observed in akt2-null mice. Furthermore, akt2-null zebrafish display deficiency in fin ray development, but their cartilage is not affected. Similar to observations in akt2-null mice, akt2-null zebrafish display impaired glucose homeostasis. However, in contrast to that in akt2-null mice, insulin level is lower in akt2-null zebrafish, implicating the symptoms of type I diabetes exhibited in akt2-null zebrafish. In addition, transcriptome analysis reveals that the genes involved in metabolism and osteogenesis are disturbed in akt2-null zebrafish. Taken together, these data not only support an important role of akt2 in zebrafish survival, growth, bone development and glucose homeostasis, but also suggest that akt2 has divergent functions between mice and zebrafish, even though they are evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.; Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, PR China..
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91
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Alterations in transcription and protein expressions of HCC-related genes in HepG2 cells caused by microcystin-LR. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:115-123. [PMID: 28062358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most common and toxic hepatotoxin and it could induce human hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via the route of drinking water. The aim of the present study was to determine the expressions of oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, c-met, and N-ras and tumor suppressor gene PTEN in HepG2 cells following MC-LR-exposure to understand the possible mechanism of MC-LR-related human primary liver cancer. The results of qPCR and Western blotting showed that MC-LR-exposure at non- or sub-cytotoxic concentrations promoted the expressions of oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, c-met, and N-ras while suppressed tumor-suppressor gene PTEN in HepG2 cells at both transcription and protein levels. This result suggests that HCC-related genes may be involved in human hepatitis and primary liver cancer caused by MC-LR. The work might be useful for evaluating the human health risk resulted from the long-term of MC-LR-exposure at low dose via drinking water route.
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92
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Nathan N, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Biesecker LG, Moss J, Darling TN. Mosaic Disorders of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/TSC/mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Dermatol Clin 2017; 35:51-60. [PMID: 27890237 PMCID: PMC5130114 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in genes of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/TSC/mTORC1 signaling pathway cause segmental overgrowth, hamartomas, and malignant tumors. Mosaicism for activating mutations in AKT1 or PIK3CA cause Proteus syndrome and PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum, respectively. Postzygotic mutations in PTEN or TSC1/TSC2 cause mosaic forms of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome or tuberous sclerosis complex, respectively. Distinct features observed in these mosaic conditions in part reflect differences in embryological timing or tissue type harboring the mutant cells. Deep sequencing of affected tissue is useful for diagnosis. Drugs targeting mTORC1 or other points along this signaling pathway are in clinical trials to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Nathan
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kim M Keppler-Noreuil
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 49, Room 4A56, 49 Convent Drive, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 49, Room 4A56, 49 Convent Drive, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Building 10, Room 6D05, 10 Center Drive, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590, USA
| | - Thomas N Darling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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93
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Takiar V, Ip CKM, Gao M, Mills GB, Cheung LWT. Neomorphic mutations create therapeutic challenges in cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1607-1618. [PMID: 27841866 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenesis is a pathologic process driven by genomic aberrations, including changes in nucleotide sequences. The majority of these mutational events fall into two broad categories: inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (hypomorph, antimorph or amorph) or activation of oncogenes (hypermorph). The recent surge in genome sequence data and functional genomics research has ushered in the discovery of aberrations in a third category: gain-of-novel-function mutation (neomorph). These neomorphic mutations, which can be found in both tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, produce proteins with entirely different functions from their respective wild-type (WT) proteins and the other morphs. The unanticipated phenotypic outcomes elicited by neomorphic mutations imply that tumors with the neomorphic mutations may not respond to therapies designed to target the WT protein. Therefore, understanding the functional activities of each genomic aberration to be targeted is crucial in devising effective treatment strategies that will benefit specific cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Takiar
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, UC Barrett Cancer Center, OH, USA
| | - C K M Ip
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L W T Cheung
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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94
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Biomarkers for the identification of recurrence in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer patients. Curr Opin Oncol 2016; 28:476-483. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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95
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Barber A, Farmer K, Martin KR, Smith PD. Retinal regeneration mechanisms linked to multiple cancer molecules: A therapeutic conundrum. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 56:19-31. [PMID: 27586058 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a large number of research articles have been published demonstrating regeneration and/or neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells following manipulation of specific genetic and molecular targets. Interestingly, of the targets that have been identified to promote repair following visual system damage, many are genes known to be mutated in different types of cancer. This review explores recent literature on the potential for modulating cancer genes as a therapeutic strategy for visual system repair and looks at the potential clinical challenges associated with implementing this type of therapy. We also discuss signalling mechanisms that have been implicated in cancer and consider how similar mechanisms may improve axonal regeneration in the optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barber
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith R Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council - Wellcome Trust Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrice D Smith
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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96
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A taspine derivative supresses Caco-2 cell growth by competitively targeting EphrinB2 and regulating its pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1526-34. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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97
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Lee JE, Lim MS, Park JH, Park CH, Koh HC. PTEN Promotes Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation Through Regulation of ERK-Dependent Inhibition of S6K Signaling in Human Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1319-1329. [PMID: 27388240 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
: Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) is a widely known negative regulator of insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) signaling pathways are the chief mechanisms controlling the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the roles of PTEN in Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling during proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human NSCs (hNSCs) are poorly understood. Treatment of proliferating hNSCs with a specific inhibitor of PTEN or overexpression of the PTEN inactive mutant G129E resulted in an increase in the expression levels of Ki67, p-S6 kinase (p-S6K), and p-ERK without affecting p-Akt expression during proliferation of hNSCs. Therefore, we focused on the regulatory effect of PTEN in S6K and ERK signaling during dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. Overexpression of PTEN during neuronal differentiation of hNSCs caused an increase in p-S6K expression and a decrease in p-ERK expression. Conversely, inhibition of PTEN increased p-ERK expression and decreased p-S6K expression. Inhibition of ERK by a specific chemical inhibitor, U0126, promoted neuronal generation, especially of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. p-S6K expression increased in a time-dependent manner during differentiation, and this effect was enhanced by U0126. These results indicated that PTEN promoted neuronal differentiation by inhibition of ERK signaling, which in turn induced activation of S6K. Our data suggest that ERK pathways participate in crosstalk with S6K through PTEN signaling during neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. These results represent a novel pathway by which PTEN may modulate the interplay between ERK and S6K signaling, leading to increased neuronal differentiation in hNSCs. SIGNIFICANCE This article adds to the body of knowledge about the mechanism of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated differentiation by describing the molecular function of phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) during the neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Previous studies showed that S6K signaling promoted neuronal differentiation in hNSCs via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. A further series of studies investigated whether this S6 kinase-induced differentiation in hNSCs involves regulation of ERK signaling by PTEN. The current study identified a novel mechanism by which PTEN regulates neuronal differentiation in hNSCs, suggesting that activating PTEN function promotes dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and providing an important resource for future studies of PTEN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Lim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Research and Development Center, Jeil Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Koh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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98
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Cui X, Li S, Shraim A, Kobayashi Y, Hayakawa T, Kanno S, Yamamoto M, Hirano S. Subchronic Exposure to Arsenic Through Drinking Water Alters Expression of Cancer-Related Genes in Rat Liver. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:64-72. [PMID: 14713550 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490261348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although arsenic exposure causes liver disease and/or hepatoma, little is known about molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced liver toxicity or carcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of arsenic on expression of cancer-related genes in a rat liver following subchronic exposure to sodium arsenate (1, 10, 100 ppm in drinking water), by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. Arsenic accumulated in the rat liver dose-dependently and caused hepatic histopathological changes, such as disruption of hepatic cords, sinusoidal dilation, and fatty infiltration. A 1-month exposure to arsenic significantly increased hepatic mRNA levels of cyclin D1 (10 ppm), ILK (1 ppm), and p27Kip1 (10 ppm), whereas it reduced mRNA levels of PTEN (1 ppm) and β-catenin (100 ppm). In contrast, a 4-month arsenic exposure showed increased mRNA expression of cyclin D1 (100 ppm), ILK (1 ppm), and p27Kip1 (1 and 10 ppm), and decreased expression of both PTEN and β-catenin at all 3 doses. An immunohistochemical study revealed that each protein expression accords closely with each gene expression of mRNA level. In conclusion, subchronic exposure to inorganic arsenate caused pathological changes and altered expression of cyclin D1, p27Kip1, ILK, PTEN, and β-catenin in the liver. This implies that arsenic liver toxicity involves disturbances of some cancer-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cui
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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99
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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100
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Chami B, Steel AJ, De La Monte SM, Sutherland GT. The rise and fall of insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:497-515. [PMID: 26883429 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of both diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. Alarmingly, diabetes is also a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The AD brain is characterised by the accumulation of peptides called Aβ as plaques in the neuropil and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the form of neurofibrillary tangles within neurons. How diabetes confers risk is unknown but a simple linear relationship has been proposed whereby the hyperinsulinemia associated with type 2 diabetes leads to decreased insulin signaling in the brain, with downregulation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and its inhibition of the major tau kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β. The earliest studies of post mortem AD brain tissue largely confirmed this cascade of events but subsequent studies have generally found either an upregulation of AKT activity, or that the relationship between insulin signaling and AD is independent of glycogen synthase kinase 3β altogether. Given the lack of success of beta-amyloid-reducing therapies in clinical trials, there is intense interest in finding alternative or adjunctive therapeutic targets for AD. Insulin signaling is a neuroprotective pathway and represents an attractive therapeutic option. However, this incredibly complex signaling pathway is not fully understood in the human brain and particularly in the context of AD. Here, we review the ups and downs of the research efforts aimed at understanding how diabetes modifies AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chami
- Redox Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW,, 2006, Australia
| | - A J Steel
- Neuropathology Group, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - S M De La Monte
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Neuropathology Group, Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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