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Evaluation of genetic and phenotypic consistency of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856: a commercial probiotic strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:60. [PMID: 26925622 PMCID: PMC4771827 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Commercial probiotics preparation containing Bacillus coagulans have been sold in the market for several decades. Due to its high intra-species genomic diversity, it is very likely that B. coagulans strain may alter in different ways over multiple years of production. Therefore, the present study focuses to evaluate the genetic consistency and probiotic potential of B. coagulans MTCC 5856. Phenotypic and genotypic techniques including biochemical profiling, 16S rRNA sequencing, GTG 5″, BOX PCR fingerprinting, and Multi-Locus-Sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to evaluate the identity and consistency of the B. coagulans MTCC 5856. Further, in vitro probiotic potential, safety and stability at ambient temperature conditions of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 were evaluated. All the samples were identified as B. coagulans by biochemical profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing. GTG 5″, BOX PCR fingerprints and MLST studies revealed that the same strain was present over 3 years of commercial production. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 showed resistance to gastric acid, bile salt and exhibited antimicrobial activity in in-vitro studies. Additionally, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was found to be non-mutagenic, non-cytotoxic, negative for enterotoxin genes and stable at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) for 36 months. The data of the study verified that the same strain of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was present in commercial preparation over multiple years of production.
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Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Natarajan S, Sivakumar A, Ali F, Pande A, Majeed S, Karri SK. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 supplementation in the management of diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a double blind randomized placebo controlled pilot clinical study. Nutr J 2016; 15:21. [PMID: 26922379 PMCID: PMC4769834 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 has been marketed as a dietary ingredient, but its efficacy in diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) condition has not been clinically elucidated till date. Thus, a double blind placebo controlled multi-centered trial was planned to evaluate the safety and efficacy of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 in diarrhea predominant IBS patients. METHODS Thirty six newly diagnosed diarrhea predominant IBS patients were enrolled in three clinical centres. Along with standard care of treatment, 18 patients in group one received placebo while in group two 18 patients received B. coagulans MTCC 5856 tablet containing 2 × 10(9) cfu/day as active for 90 days. Clinical symptoms of IBS were considered as primary end point measures and were evaluated through questionnaires. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for abdominal pain. Physician's global assessment and IBS quality of life were considered as secondary efficacy measures and were monitored through questionnaires. RESULTS Laboratory parameters, anthropometric and vital signs were within the normal clinical range during the 90 days of supplementation in placebo and B. coagulans MTCC 5856 group. There was a significant decrease in the clinical symptoms like bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and stool frequency in a patient group receiving B. coagulans MTCC 5856 when compared to placebo group (p < 0.01). Similarly, disease severity also decreased and the quality of life increased in the patient group receiving B. coagulans MTCC 5856 when compared to placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that the B. coagulans MTCC 5856 at a dose of 2 × 10(9) cfu/day along with standard care of treatment was found to be safe and effective in diarrhea predominant IBS patients for 90 days of supplementation. Hence, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 could be a potential agent in the management of diarrhea predominant IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA
| | | | - Sankaran Natarajan
- Sami Labs Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India
| | - Arumugam Sivakumar
- Sami Labs Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India
| | - Furqan Ali
- Sami Labs Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India
| | - Anurag Pande
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, 750 Innovation Circle, Payson, UT, 84651, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Karri
- ClinWorld Private Limited, # 19/1 & 19/2, I Main, II Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 058, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
During pathogenesis, viruses come in contact with the microbiota that colonizes the mucosal sites they infect. The intestinal microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in intestinal viral susceptibility. While the interaction of virus-intestinal commensal bacteria can lead to enhanced or decreased viral infection capacity, several scientific studies support the use of probiotics as antiviral therapies. Thus, probiotics and the modulation of the intestinal microbiota are envisaged as therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of viral infection.
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Hernandez-Trujillo VP, Scalchunes C, Hernandez-Trujillo HS, Boyle J, Williams P, Boyle M, Orange JS. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases: An Opportunity in Pediatrics for Improving Patient Outcomes. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015; 54:1265-75. [PMID: 25780256 DOI: 10.1177/0009922815574079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) are caused by inherent deficits in immune defenses that result in abnormal susceptibility to infection. In most cases, early and appropriate diagnosis can improve patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate understanding, recognition, and diagnosis of PIDD among pediatricians. METHODS A mail survey sent to a sample of pediatricians obtained from the American Medical Association and American Osteopathic Association. Results were compared with a similar survey of specialists who are members of the American Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology. RESULTS More than a third (35%) of pediatricians were uncomfortable with the recognition and diagnosis of PIDD despite 95% having ordered screening tests or referring patients to specialists to be evaluated for PIDD, and 77% having followed at leastone patient with PIDD. In all, 84% of pediatricians were unaware that professional guidelines for PIDD exist. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PIDD would benefit from improved recognition of the diseases by pediatricians in order to facilitate earlier diagnosis and optimize ongoing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hillary S Hernandez-Trujillo
- Connecticut Asthma and Allergy Center, West Hartford, CT, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Boyle
- Immune Deficiency Foundation, Towson, MD, USA Abt SRBI Inc, Government Services Division, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul Williams
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jordan S Orange
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Bobíková K, Revajová V, Karaffová V, Levkutová M, Levkut M. IgA gene expression and quantification of cecal IgA+, IgM+, and CD4+ cells in chickens treated with EFAL41 and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:629-34. [PMID: 26093882 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
IgA gene expression and quantification of mucous IgA+, IgM+ and CD4+ lymphocytes in the cecum of chicks was studied by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. A total of 220 1-day-old Salmonella-free chicks of Cobb 500 were divided into four groups (n=55). Group 1 served as control (C), group 2 was pretreated with probiotic bacterial strain Enterococus faecium AL41 (EFAL41), group 3 was infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE), and group 4 was pretreated with E. faecium AL41 and subsequently challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (EFAL41+SE). The relative mRNA expression of IgA was upregulated in the EFAL41 group (P<0.05) when compared to control group at 4dpi. In comparison to the control, EFAL41 and SE group, the relative mRNA expression of IgA was also upregulated in EFAL41+SE group at 7dpi (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed, that the density of IgA+ cells was higher in EFAL41+SE group comparing to the controls and SE groups (P<0.001). Significantly more CD4+ cells were present in the SE group than in EFAL41 (P<0.05), and EFAL41+SE groups (P<0.001) at 4dpi. In contrast, higher density of CD4+cells at 7dpi was seen in EFAL41+SE group as compared with controls (P<0.05). Flow cytometry determined that relative percentage of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) IgA+ cells was higher in EFAL41 than in SE and EFAL41+SE groups (P<0.05). Comparing to controls the number IgM+ cells increased in SE group (P<0.05) at 7dpi. The results demonstrated beneficial effect of E. faecium AL41 on the mRNA expression of IgA and number of IgA+ cells. Lamina propria lymphocytes (IgA+, IgM+) were not affected by EFAL41 intake or salmonella infection. Probiotic bacterial strain EFAL41 positively influenced the number of IEL during the first days of infection.
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Nakamura Y, Terahara M, Iwamoto T, Yamada K, Asano M, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Totsuka M. Upregulation of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression by the Heat-Inactivated Potential Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 in a Mouse Intestinal Explant Model. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:176-83. [PMID: 21967771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether a potential probiotic bacterium, Bifidobacterium bifidum OLB6378 (BB6378), exerts beneficial effects on the mucosal immune system in a mouse intestinal explant model. The addition of heat-inactivated BB6378 to intestinal explants prepared from embryonic day 18 BALB/c mice increased the expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) mRNA by two- to fivefold. These effects were observed on ileal and colonic explants but not on jejunal explants, suggesting that the BB6378-induced pIgR upregulation is site-specific within the mouse intestine. The upregulation of pIgR protein expression in colonic explants was also detected after 24 h of culture. The results of DNA microarray analysis of ileal and colonic samples indicated that BB6378 increased the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β, and IL-1α content in colonic explants was significantly increased after 20 h of culture with BB6378. We then examined the involvement of endogenously induced IL-1α in pIgR mRNA upregulation by using IL-1α knockout (KO) mice. Contrary to our expectations, pIgR mRNA expression was equally upregulated by BB6378 in colonic explants from BALB/c and IL-1α KO mice. Conversely, we examined the involvement of Toll-like receptors in pIgR mRNA upregulation by using MyD88 KO mice. The upregulation of pIgR was completely suppressed in the explants derived from MyD88 KO mice. Taken together, we conclude that in a mouse intestinal explant model, the heat-inactivated potential probiotic BB6378 increases intestinal pIgR expression in a site-specific manner and that the upregulation of pIgR could be explained by a direct microbial effect on the epithelium via Toll-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Terahara
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Iwamoto
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Asano
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Kakuta
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Iwakura
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Totsuka
- Food Science Research Labs, R&D Division, Meiji Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanResearch Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Patrignani F, Serrazanetti DI, Mathara JM, Siroli L, Gardini F, Holzapfel WH, Lanciotti R. Use of homogenisation pressure to improve quality and functionality of probiotic fermented milks containingLactobacillus rhamnosusBFE 5264. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; University of Bologna; viale Fanin 44 Bologna Italy
| | - Diana I. Serrazanetti
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research; P.zza Goidanich 60 47521 Cesena Italy
| | - Julius Maina Mathara
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology; PO Box 62000 Nairobi Kenya
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; University of Bologna; viale Fanin 44 Bologna Italy
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; University of Bologna; viale Fanin 44 Bologna Italy
| | | | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; University of Bologna; viale Fanin 44 Bologna Italy
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58
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Lee JK, Kim SJ, Ko SH, Ouwehand AC, Ma DS. Modulation of the host response by probioticLactobacillus brevisCD2 in experimental gingivitis. Oral Dis 2015; 21:705-12. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-K Lee
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Oral Sciences; College of Dentistry; Gangneung-Wonju National University; Gangneung Korea
| | - S-J Kim
- KSJ Probiotics Lab; Seoul Korea
| | - S-H Ko
- Department of Pharmacology; Research Institute for Oral Sciences; College of Dentistry; Gangneung-Wonju National University; Gangneung Korea
| | | | - DS Ma
- Department of Preventive & Public Health Dentistry; Research Institute for Oral Sciences; College of Dentistry; Gangneung-Wonju National University; Gangneung Korea
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59
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Potential probiotic attributes of a new strain of Bacillus coagulans CGMCC 9951 isolated from healthy piglet feces. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:851-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Santiago-López L, Hernández-Mendoza A, Garcia HS, Mata-Haro V, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF. The effects of consuming probiotic-fermented milk on the immune system: A review of scientific evidence. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Santiago-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Hugo S Garcia
- Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz M. A. de Quevedo 2279; Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos (UNIDA); Col. Formando Hogar Veracruz 91897 Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
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Nagahama K, Kumano T, Nakata T, Tsuji H, Moriyama K, Shida K, Nomoto K, Chiba K, Koumoto K, Matsui J. Synthesis and immunestimulating activity of lactobacilli-originated polysaccharide-polymeric microparticle conjugates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1489-1495. [PMID: 25574583 DOI: 10.1021/la5041757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of biomaterials capable of activating the immune system are of interest in immunology-related fields because of their ability to tune up the immune defenses of the host. Lactobacilli are a major constituent of normal human indigenous flora, and some specific strains are known to activate the immune system of the host as probiotics. In this study, we first fabricated novel biohybrid materials in which lactobacilli (L. casei strain Shirota, LcS)-originated polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complexes (PS-PGs) are conjugated with polymeric microparticles (MPs). PS-PGs conjugated onto polymeric MPs surfaces bound its specific antibody, suggesting that PS-PGs kept their original molecular recognition ability. The PS-PGs-based hybrid MPs with an appropriate density of conjugated PS-PGs effectively induced high levels of IL-12 production from macrophages without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that LcS-originated PS-PGs could be available bio-originated materials for developing novel biomaterials capable of activating the immune system in a safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nagahama
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University , 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Abdullah N, Barzegari A, Radiah D, Rosli R, Yari Khosroushahi A. Probiotics or antibiotics: future challenges in medicine. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:137-146. [PMID: 25525206 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.078923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors can affect the intestinal microbiome and microbial metabolome. Among these environmental factors, the consumption of antibiotics can significantly change the intestinal microbiome of individuals and consequently affect the corresponding metagenome. The term 'probiotics' is related to preventive medicine rather than therapeutic procedures and is, thus, considered the opposite of antibiotics. This review discusses the challenges between these opposing treatments in terms of the following points: (i) antibiotic resistance, the relationship between antibiotic consumption and microbiome diversity reduction, antibiotic effect on the metagenome, and disease associated with antibiotics; and (ii) probiotics as living drugs, probiotic effect on epigenetic alterations, and gut microbiome relevance to hygiene indulgence. The intestinal microbiome is more specific for individuals and may be affected by environmental alterations and the occurrence of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nami
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Babak Haghshenas
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Abdullah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dayang Radiah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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63
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Mahasneh A, Abbas M. Probiotics: The possible alternative to disease chemotherapy. Microb Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b17587-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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64
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Pyne DB, West NP, Cox AJ, Cripps AW. Probiotics supplementation for athletes - clinical and physiological effects. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 15:63-72. [PMID: 25339255 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.971879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation has traditionally focused on gut health. However, in recent years, the clinical applications of probiotics have broadened to allergic, metabolic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Gastrointestinal health is important for regulating adaptation to exercise and physical activity. Symptoms such as nausea, bloating, cramping, pain, diarrhoea and bleeding occur in some athletes, particularly during prolonged exhaustive events. Several studies conducted since 2006 examining probiotic supplementation in athletes or highly active individuals indicate modest clinical benefits in terms of reduced frequency, severity and/or duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The likely mechanisms of action for probiotics include direct interaction with the gut microbiota, interaction with the mucosal immune system and immune signalling to a variety of organs and systems. Practical issues to consider include medical and dietary screening of athletes, sourcing of recommended probiotics and formulations, dose-response requirements for different probiotic strains, storage, handling and transport of supplements and timing of supplementation in relation to travel and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Pyne
- a Department of Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , ACT , Australia
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65
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Surono IS, Martono PD, Kameo S, Suradji EW, Koyama H. Effect of probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 and zinc supplementation on humoral immune response and zinc status of Indonesian pre-school children. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:465-9. [PMID: 25183688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 90-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pre-post trial was conducted in four groups of Indonesian children aged 12-24 months: placebo, probiotic, zinc, and a combination of probiotic and zinc (n=12 per group). Microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 of dadih origin was supplemented at a dose of 10(10)CFU/day as a probiotic. Zinc was supplemented as 20mg zinc sulfate monohydrate (8mg zinc elemental). Blood and stool samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the study period. Fecal sIgA was assessed by ELISA and serum zinc concentrations by ICP-MS. Fecal sIgA increased significantly in the probiotic group (30.33±3.32μg/g; p<0.01) and in the combination probiotic and zinc group (27.55±2.28μg/g; p<0.027), as compared with the placebo group (13.58±2.26μg/g). Changes in serum zinc concentrations in the combination probiotic and zinc group showed the highest elevation at the end of the study period. A combination of probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 at a dose of 10(10)CFU/day and 8mg of elemental zinc supplementation showed a potential ability to improve the zinc status of pre-school children. Taken together, supplementation with the probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 and zinc for 90 days resulted in a significantly increased humoral immune response, as well as improved zinc status, in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Surono
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, BINUS University, Alam Sutra Campus, Tangerang, Indonesia; SEAMEO RECFON University of Indonesia, Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Pratiwi D Martono
- Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University, Jl. Mayjen Sutoyo Cawang, Jakarta 13630, Indonesia
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 39-22 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Eka W Suradji
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 39-22 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 39-22 Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Cruz-Guerrero A, Hernández-Sánchez H, Rodríguez-Serrano G, Gómez-Ruiz L, García-Garibay M, Figueroa-González I. Commercial probiotic bacteria and prebiotic carbohydrates: a fundamental study on prebiotics uptake, antimicrobials production and inhibition of pathogens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2246-2252. [PMID: 24374769 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and prebiotics are among the most important functional food ingredients worldwide. The proven benefits of such ingredients to human health have encouraged the development of functional foods containing both probiotics and prebiotics. In this work, the production of antimicrobial compounds coupled to the uptake of commercial prebiotics by probiotic bacteria was investigated. RESULTS The probiotic bacteria studied were able to take up commercial prebiotic carbohydrates to the same or higher extent than that observed for lactose (control carbohydrate). The growth of probiotic bacteria was coupled to the production of antimicrobials such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), H2 O2 and bacteriocins. A higher production of antimicrobial compounds was recorded with Oligomate 55® compared with Regulact® and Frutafit® (3-5 and 10-115 times higher SCFA and H2 O2 production, respectively). The probiotic bacteria grown with Oligomate 55® also produced bacteriocins and other non-identified antimicrobial compounds. The antimicrobials produced by the probiotic bacteria inhibited up to 50% the growth of model pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Micrococcus luteus compared with control cultures. CONCLUSIONS The results here obtained are useful for the adequate selection of probiotic/prebiotics pairs and therefore in the development of efficient functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México, DF, Mexico
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Xie Y, Chen H, Zhu B, Qin N, Chen Y, Li Z, Deng M, Jiang H, Xu X, Yang J, Ruan B, Li L. Effect of Intestinal Microbiota Alteration on Hepatic Damage in Rats with Acute Rejection After Liver Transplantation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:871-80. [PMID: 25004996 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gomes AC, Bueno AA, de Souza RGM, Mota JF. Gut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes. Nutr J 2014; 13:60. [PMID: 24939063 PMCID: PMC4078018 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. Research in animal models and humans has hypothesized whether the administration of probiotics may improve the prognosis of diabetes through modulation of gut microbiota. We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. Such effects increase insulin sensitivity and reduce autoimmune response. However, further investigations are required to clarify whether the administration of probiotics can be efficiently used for the prevention and management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corado Gomes
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince). Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 227 Qd. 68s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Allain Amador Bueno
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Rávila Graziany Machado de Souza
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince). Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 227 Qd. 68s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Laboratório de Investigação em Nutrição Clínica e Esportiva (Labince). Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 227 Qd. 68s/nº - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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A comparative study of the effect of probiotics on cariogenic biofilm model for preventing dental caries. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:601-9. [PMID: 24919536 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is induced by oral biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans. Probiotic bacteria were mainly studied for effect on the gastrointestinal tract and have been known to promote human health. However, the information of probiotics for oral health has been lack yet. In this study, we investigated influence of various probiotics on oral bacteria or cariogenic biofilm and evaluated candidate probiotics for dental caries among them. The antimicrobial activity of the spent culture medium of probiotics for oral streptococci was performed. Probiotics were added during the biofilm formation with salivary bacteria including S. mutans. The oral biofilms were stained with a fluorescent dye and observed using the confocal laser scanning microscope. To count bacteria in the biofilm, the bacteria were plated on MSB and BHI agar plates after disrupting the biofilm and cultivated. Glucosyltransferases (gtfs) expression of S. mutans and integration of lactobacilli into the biofilm were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Among probiotics, Lactobacillus species strongly inhibited growth of oral streptococci. Moreover, Lactobacillus species strongly inhibited formation of cariogenic biofilm model. The expression of gtfs was significantly reduced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The integration of L. rhamnosus into the biofilm model did not exhibit. However, L. acidophilus and L casei integrated into the biofilm model. These results suggest that L. rhamnosus may inhibit oral biofilm formation by decreasing glucan production of S. mutans and antibacterial activity and did not integrate into oral biofilm, which can be a candidate for caries prevention strategy.
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Abstract
Yogurt consumption has been associated with health benefits in different populations. Limited information, however, is available on nutritional and health attributes of yogurt in older adults. Yogurt is abundant in calcium, zinc, B vitamins, and probiotics; it is a good source of protein; and it may be supplemented with vitamin D and additional probiotics associated with positive health outcomes. Aging is accompanied by a wide array of nutritional deficiencies and health complications associated with under- and overnutrition, including musculoskeletal impairment, immunosenescence, cardiometabolic diseases, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, yogurt is accessible and convenient to consume by the older population, which makes yogurt consumption a feasible approach to enhance older adults' nutritional status. A limited number of studies have specifically addressed the impact of yogurt on the nutritional and health status of older adults, and most are observational. However, those reported thus far and reviewed here are encouraging and suggest that yogurt could play a role in improving the nutritional status and health of older adults. In addition, these reports support further investigation into the role of yogurt in healthy and active aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Hani El-Abbadi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
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71
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Petreska Ivanovska T, Jurhar Pavlova M, Mladenovska K, Petrushevska-Tozi L. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2014. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are functional components able to exert positive effects on human health. Numerous medical conditions lack effective and safe approaches for prevention or treatment, thus usage of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is an alternative. Further, the benefit related to the consumption of these compounds is associated with lower morbidity of chronic diseases and reduced health-care costs. Various types of mediums to deliver probiotics/synbiotics to the human GIT are used. Although capsules and tablets are frequently applied as delivery systems for probiotics, the major challenge of the commercial sector is to market new functional
foods containing probiotics and/or prebiotics. Discovering of new probiotic/synbiotic functional foods is connected to the interest of the food industry to revitalize continuously through introduction of products with improved nutritional value and pleasant taste, but also with health benefit for the consumers. The review provides insights and new perspectives in respect to usage of functional components and foods
in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that are highly correlated with the modern lifestyle. The therapeutic and safety properties of probiotics and prebiotics, their role in pathogenesis of IBD, potential to prevent and treat these diseases as well as postulated mechanisms of action will be discussed, highlighting the main areas in which further research is an emergence.
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Corona-Hernandez RI, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Islas-Rubio AR, de la Rosa LA, Wall-Medrano A. Structural Stability and Viability of Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:614-628. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío I. Corona-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Alma R. Islas-Rubio
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Laura. A. de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
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Khan AA, Khurshid M, Khan S, Alshamsan A. Gut Microbiota and Probiotics: Current Status and Their Role in Cancer Therapeutics. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Arif Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit; Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 2457; Riyadh; 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Nanomedicine Research Unit; Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 2457; Riyadh; 11451; Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit; Department of Pharmaceutics; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; PO Box 2457; Riyadh; 11451; Saudi Arabia
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Dongarrà ML, Rizzello V, Muccio L, Fries W, Cascio A, Bonaccorsi I, Ferlazzo G. Mucosal immunology and probiotics. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013; 13:19-26. [PMID: 23054627 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between the mucosa-associated immune system and microbiota is critical in mucosal tissue homeostasis as well as in protection against infectious and inflammatory diseases occurring at mucosal sites. This recent evidence has paved the way to therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the mucosa-associated immune system using probiotics. Different strains of probiotics possess the ability to finely regulate dendritic cell (DC) activation, polarizing the subsequent T cell activity toward Th1 (e.g. Lactobacillus (Lb) acidophilus), Th2 (Lb.reuteri and Bifidobacterium bifidum) or, as more recently demonstrated, Th17 responses induced by specific strains such as Lb.rhamnosus GG and Lac23a, the latter isolated in our laboratory. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of probiotics effects on mucosal immunology, particularly on cells of the innate immunity such as DCs. We also highlight our own experiences in modulating DC functions by commensal bacteria and discuss the relevance of probiotics administration in the treatment of human immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Dongarrà
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Dept. of Human Pathology, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinico, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy.
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Motevaseli E, Shirzad M, Raoofian R, Hasheminasab SM, Hatami M, Dianatpour M, Modarressi MH. Differences in vaginal lactobacilli composition of Iranian healthy and bacterial vaginosis infected women: a comparative analysis of their cytotoxic effects with commercial vaginal probiotics. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:199-206. [PMID: 23983998 PMCID: PMC3745747 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal flora of healthy women is dominated by Lactobacillus species which can prevent bacterial vaginosis. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the differences in vaginal lactobacilli composition of Iranian healthy and bacterial vaginosis (BV) infected women and compared their cytotoxic effects with commercial vaginal probiotics. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy eight vaginal specimens were collected from healthy and BV infected women. Lactobacillus colonies were obtained by culturing on laked blood BHI and MRS medias and genetically defined by 16s rRNA sequencing. Differentiating the specimens to normal, intermediate and BV infected were carried out by Ison and Hey grading protocol. Identification of Lactobacillus strains in vaginal specimens were performed by Multiplex PCR. The inhibitory effects of lactobacilli on Hela (tumoral cervical cells) and HNCF-pi52 (normal cervical cells) were conducted by MTT and trypan blue assays. RESULTS L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus were the most frequently occurring species in vagina of healthy Iranian women. L. crispatus and L. jensenni were significantly higher in the normal than in the BV infected groups. Also the cytotoxic effect of L. crispatus on tumoral cervical cells was higher than other lactobacilli including commercial probiotics. CONCLUSIONS As L. crispatus and L. jensenni were significantly higher in BV infected women and the cytotoxic effect of L. crispatus on tumoral cervical cells was high, introduction of new probiotics seems necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Motevaseli
- Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shirzad
- Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Raoofian
- Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hatami
- Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 in high-sucrose diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54617. [PMID: 23382926 PMCID: PMC3559800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 (BNR17), a probiotic strain isolated from human breast milk, inhibited increases in body weight and adipocyte tissue weight in high-sucrose diet-fed Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and reduced glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mice. In the current study, we conducted further experiments to extend these observations and elucidate the mechanism involved. C57BL/6J mice received a normal diet, high-sucrose diet or high-sucrose diet containing L. gasseri BNR17 (109 or 1010 CFU) for 10 weeks. The administration of L. gasseri BNR17 significantly reduced the body weight and white adipose tissue weight regardless of the dose administered. In BNR17-fed groups, mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation-related genes (ACO, CPT1, PPARα, PPARδ) were significantly higher and those of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (SREBP-1c, ACC) were lower compared to the high-sucrose-diet group. The expression of GLUT4, main glucose transporter-4, was elevated in BNR17-fed groups. L. gasseri BNR17 also reduced the levels of leptin and insulin in serum. These results suggest that the anti-obesity actions of L. gasseri BNR17 can be attributed to elevated expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes and reduced levels of leptin. Additionally, data suggested the anti-diabetes activity of L. gasseri BNR17 may be to due elevated GLUT4 and reduced insulin levels.
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Stanczak M, Heuberger R. Assessment of the Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Probiotic Use. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2009.10599095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roschelle Heuberger
- b Department of Human Environmental Studies , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , MI , 48859
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Ibarra A, Acha R, Calleja MT, Chiralt-Boix A, Wittig E. Optimization and shelf life of a low-lactose yogurt with Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3536-48. [PMID: 22720912 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactose intolerance results in gastrointestinal discomfort and the malabsorption of certain nutrients, such as calcium. The replacement of milk with low-lactose and probiotic-enriched dairy products is an effective strategy of mitigating the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) is a safe, immunity-stimulating probiotic. We have developed a process to increase the hydrolysis of lactose and HN001 growth in yogurt versus β-galactosidase (βG) concentration and enzymatic hydrolysis time (EHT) before bacterial fermentation. The objective of this study was to optimize the conditions by which yogurt is processed as a function of βG and EHT using a multifactorial design, with lactose content, HN001 growth, process time, and sensory quality as dependent variables. Further, the shelf life of the optimized yogurt was evaluated. In the optimization study, polynomials explained the dependent variables. Based on Pearson correlation coefficients, HN001 growth correlated positively with the hydrolysis of lactose. However, low lactose content and high HN001 count increased the fermentation time and lowered the sensory quality. The optimized conditions-using polynomials to obtain yogurt with >1 × 10(7) cfu of HN001/mL, <10 g of lactose/L, and a minimum overall sensory quality of 7 on the Karlsruhe scale-yielded a theoretical value of 910 neutral lactose units/kg for βG and 2.3h for EHT, which were validated in an industrial-scale assay. Based on a shelf-life study at 3 temperatures, the hydrolysis of lactose and the growth of HN001 continue during storage. Arrhenius equations were developed for the variables in the shelf-life study. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible to develop a low-lactose yogurt to which HN001 has been added for lactose-intolerant persons who wish to strengthen their immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibarra
- Departamento de Análisis Sensorial y Desarrollo de Productos, Universidad de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 20, Santiago, Chile.
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Troge A, Scheppach W, Schroeder BO, Rund SA, Heuner K, Wehkamp J, Stange EF, Oelschlaeger TA. More than a marine propeller--the flagellum of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is the major adhesin mediating binding to human mucus. Int J Med Microbiol 2012; 302:304-14. [PMID: 23131416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The flagellum of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is not just responsible for motility, but also for EcN's ability to induce the production of human β-defensin 2. Here, we report a third function of this EcN organell. In this study we investigated the role of the EcN flagellum in adhesion to different host tissues by ex vivo and in vitro studies. Ex vivo studies with cryosections of human gut biopsies revealed that the flagellum of EcN is most likely important for efficient adhesion to the human intestinal tract. These results and in vitro studies with different epithelial cells indicated that the presence of mucus is important for efficient mediation of adhesion by the flagellum of EcN. We observed direct interaction between isolated flagella from EcN wild type and porcine mucin 2 as well as human mucus. However, we could not observe any interaction of the flagella with murine mucus. For the first time, we identified the mucus component gluconate as one receptor for the binding of flagella from EcN and were able to exclude the flagellin domain D3 as a responsible interaction partner. We propose that the flagellum of EcN is its major adhesin in vivo, which enables this probiotic strain to compete efficiently for binding sites on host tissue with several bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Troge
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Rupa P, Mine Y. Recent advances in the role of probiotics in human inflammation and gut health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8249-8256. [PMID: 22897745 DOI: 10.1021/jf301903t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides residence to an astounding number of bacterial species, which have profound effects on host biology, function, physiology, and immune response. Discovery of "symbiosis factors" from symbionts that facilitate the peaceful coexistence of microbiota and the host immune system are of interest. Symbionts synthesize immunomodulatory molecules that guide maturation of the immune system and have pivotal roles in many biological processes; however, individuals differ in the makeup of their GI microbiota, which is influenced by many external and internal factors such as diet, antibiotic use, and host genetics, which in turn influences health and disease outcomes. Various endogenous, genetic, and environmental factors influence GI development including species composition and health status of neonates, resulting in interactions that occur between the bacteria and the host. Mechanisms of probiotics involved in homeostasis of a balanced immune system have been inconclusive. The probable mechanism of action may be postulated as direct competition between pathogenic bacteria in the gut and/or immune modulation. This review focuses on probiotics in health and disease prevention, especially the biological importance of intestinal regulation of inflammatory processes that may be beneficial in a multitude of disorders both inside and outside the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithy Rupa
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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81
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Payahoo L, Nikniaz Z, Mahdavi R, Asghari Jafar Abadi M. Perceptions of medical sciences students towards probiotics. Health Promot Perspect 2012; 2:96-102. [PMID: 24688923 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2012.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the importance of probiotics in prevention of different diseases, the knowledge of people particularly health-related professionals about the beneficial effects and availability of probiotic products is important. Considering the limited studies, the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge of medical sciences students as future provider of health information about probiotics in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 296 medical sciences students from different faculty majors with mean age of 22 ± 4 years. The students completed two self-administered questionnaires; the one was about the demographic characteristics and the other one with nine closed questions as for knowledge as well as probiotics and their health effects and 2 questions related to availability of probiotic products. Scoring of 9 knowledge questions was divided to three sections 0-3, 4-6, 7-9 and classified as poor, acceptable and good, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to examine the differences in knowledge of the students across different gender, major and degree groups. RESULTS Six percent of students had poor, 43% acceptable, and 51% good knowledge. Total mean±(SD) of knowledge was 6.25 ±1.6 . Answers of students about the availability of probiotic products were 36.9% low, 48.1% moderate, and 15% high. Comparison of knowledge result between different major and degree groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Although students had approximately acceptable level of knowledge about probiotics and their health effects, their awareness about common available form of probiotic products was low. The use of efficient co-educational materials such as teaching new findings for students may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Payahoo
- Students' Research Committee; Department of Biochemistry & Diet therapy, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Students' Research Committee; Department of Biochemistry & Diet therapy, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutritional Research Center; Department of Biochemistry & Diet therapy, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Asghari Jafar Abadi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms present in several foods and nutritional supplements that may prevent or limit the effects of various illnesses and infections and elicit a range of health benefits in physically active individuals. The primary clinical areas of interest with probiotics include metabolism; gastrointestinal, inflammatory, and functional disorders; the respiratory system; and a range of infections and allergies. The gastrointestinal tract is a key element controlling and regulating adaptation to exercise and physical activity. Gut symptomatology such as nausea, bloating, cramping, pain, diarrhea, and bleeding occurs in some highly active individuals such as athletes, particularly in prolonged exhaustive events. A small number of studies examining probiotic supplementation in highly active individuals indicate modest clinical benefits in terms of reduced frequency, severity, and/or duration of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. The purported mechanisms of action for probiotics include direct interaction with the gut microbiota, interaction with the gut epithelium and mucosal immune system, and via immune signaling to organs and systems including the liver, brain, and respiratory tract. Future research will identify additional biologically and clinically beneficial strains, validate multicomponent formulations, clarify dose–response issues, and inform the development of guidelines for clinicians, health care practitioners, and the general community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Pyne
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra (DBP)
- Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast (DBP, NPW, AWC)
- The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra (DBP)
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (DBP)
| | - Nicholas P. West
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra (DBP)
- Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast (DBP, NPW, AWC)
- The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra (DBP)
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (DBP)
| | - Allan W. Cripps
- Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra (DBP)
- Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast (DBP, NPW, AWC)
- The Australian National University Medical School, Canberra (DBP)
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (DBP)
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83
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Maroof H, Hassan ZM, Mobarez AM, Mohamadabadi MA. Lactobacillus acidophilus could modulate the immune response against breast cancer in murine model. J Clin Immunol 2012; 32:1353-9. [PMID: 22711009 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immune-therapy is an interesting avenue of studying the effects of deviating immune system responses to achieve the desired result. Lactobacilli are inhabitants of the GI tract which have shown beneficial health effects on various ailments including malignancies. Their mechanisms of action comprise a very intense area of research. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in in vivo model of breast cancer. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.a) was isolated from traditional home-made yogurt and also from neonatal stool by aerobic overnight culture at 37°C in MRS broth. Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay was performed to find the best immunostimulant dose. 4T1 tumour bearing mice were treated with 2 × 10(8) cfu of isolated L. acidophilus and 20 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide for 15 consecutive days. Tumour volume was measured using a digital vernier calliper. Lymphocyte proliferation was done using MTT proliferation assay. Production of IFNγ, IL-4 and TGF-β from cultured Splenocytes was assessed in the presence of purified tumour antigen. According to results administration of L.a induced a significant decrease in tumour growth pattern (P value = 0.00). Significant alterations in splenocyte production of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGf-β (P values < 0.05) and also lymphocyte proliferation in L.a treated animals was evident (P value < 0.05). This study indicated that oral administration of L.a is able to alter the cytokine production in tumour bearing mice into a Th1 protective pattern, favourable to anti tumour immunity. Reduced tumour growth rate and increased lymphocyte proliferation are also thus supportive. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanism by which local actions of probiotics affect the systemic immune responses against transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Maroof
- Department of microbiology, zanjan branch, Islamic azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
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84
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Foye OT, Huang IF, Chiou CC, Walker WA, Shi HN. Early administration of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic inulin attenuates pathogen-mediated intestinal inflammation and Smad 7 cell signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:467-80. [PMID: 22524476 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immaturity of gut-associated immunity may contribute to pediatric mortality associated with enteric infections. A murine model to parallel infantile enteric disease was used to determine the effects of probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus (La), prebiotic, inulin, or both (synbiotic, syn) on pathogen-induced inflammatory responses, NF-κB, and Smad 7 signaling. Newborn mice were inoculated bi-weekly for 4 weeks with La, inulin, or syn and challenged with Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) at 5 weeks. Mouse intestinal epithelial cells (CMT93) were exposed to Cr to determine temporal alterations in NF-Kappa B and Smad 7 levels. Mice with pretreatment of La, inulin, and syn show reduced intestinal inflammation following Cr infection compared with controls, which is associated with significantly reduced bacterial colonization in La, inulin, and syn animals. Our results further show that host defense against Cr infection correlated with enhanced colonic IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β expression and inhibition of NF-κB in syn-treated mice, whereas mice pretreated with syn, La, or inulin had attenuation of Cr-induced Smad 7 expression. There was a temporal Smad 7 and NF-κB intracellular accumulation post-Cr infection and post-tumor necrosis factor stimulation in CMT93 cells. These results, therefore, suggest that probiotic, La, prebiotic inulin, or synbiotic may promote host-protective immunity and attenuate Cr-induced intestinal inflammation through mechanisms affecting NF-κB and Smad 7 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondulla T Foye
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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85
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Rodes L, Paul A, Coussa-Charley M, Al-Salami H, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Fakhoury M, Prakash S. Transit time affects the community stability of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in an in vitro model of human colonic microbiotia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:351-6. [PMID: 22066794 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.622280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Retention time, which is analogous to transit time, is an index for bacterial stability in the intestine. Its consideration is of particular importance to optimize the delivery of probiotic bacteria in order to improve treatment efficacy. This study aims to investigate the effect of retention time on Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria stability using an established in vitro human colon model. Three retention times were used: 72, 96, and 144 h. The effect of retention time on cell viability of different bacterial populations was analyzed with bacterial plate counts and PCR. The proportions of intestinal Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Clostridia populations, analyzed by plate counts, were found to be the same as that in human colonic microbiota. Retention time in the human colon affected the stability of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria communities, with maximum stability observed at 144 h. Therefore, retention time is an important parameter that influences bacterial stability in the colonic microbiota. Future clinical studies on probiotic bacteria formulations should take into consideration gastrointestinal transit parameters to improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Rodes
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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86
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The potential role of probiotics in the management of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2011; 2011:161358. [PMID: 22114588 PMCID: PMC3205659 DOI: 10.1155/2011/161358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction has been reported in a substantial number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Activation of the mucosal immune response and the presence of abnormal gut microbiota are repeatedly observed in these children. In children with ASD, the presence of GI dysfunction is often associated with increased irritability, tantrums, aggressive behaviour, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, modulating gut bacteria with short-term antibiotic treatment can lead to temporary improvement in behavioral symptoms in some individuals with ASD. Probiotics can influence microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function and alter mucosal immune responses. The administration of probiotic bacteria to address changes in the microbiota might, therefore, be a useful novel therapeutic tool with which to restore normal gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, restore epithelial barrier function, and potentially ameliorate behavioural symptoms associated with some children with ASD. In this review of the literature, support emerges for the clinical testing of probiotics in ASD, especially in the context of addressing GI symptoms.
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87
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Ren ZG, Liu H, Jiang JW, Jiang L, Chen H, Xie HY, Zhou L, Zheng SS. Protective effect of probiotics on intestinal barrier function in malnourished rats after liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:489-96. [PMID: 21947722 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients waiting for liver transplantation have end-stage liver diseases with malnutrition, which is prone to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction after liver transplantation. We aimed to study the effect of probiotics on intestinal barrier function in malnourished rats following liver transplantation with long-term antibiotics. METHODS Twelve Lewis rats were selected as donors. Twelve BN rats, which served as recipients, were subjected to malnutrition by semi-starvation for 4-5 weeks. They were randomly divided into two groups: a control group which received phosphate-buffered saline and a probiotics group which received Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. All recipients were injected with intramuscular imipenem and subcutaneous cyclosporine A. Furthermore, six normal BN rats without any drugs or operations served as a normal group. Eight days after operation, all rats were sacrificed for examination of the following parameters: serum levels of endotoxin and TNF-alpha, bacterial translocation, intestinal microflora, ileocecal sIgA, lymphocyte numbers, and phenotypes (CD4, CD8, alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR) of Peyer's patches. RESULTS In recipients subjected to malnutrition, weight decreased by 20% and they survived until 8 days after operation. Compared with the normal group, all recipients on postoperative day 8 showed increased levels of serum endotoxin and TNF-alpha as well as increased counts of translocated bacteria. Meanwhile, there were decreases in counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the ileocecum, sIgA concentration, and lymphocytes of Peyer's patches. Moreover, partial alteration in lymphocyte phenotypes was evidenced by elevated ratios of CD8+ and gammadeltaTCR+ lymphocytes. In contrast, compared to the control group, supplementation with probiotics reduced the levels of serum endotoxin, TNF-alpha and bacterial translocation, increased the counts of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, the concentration of sIgA and lymphocytes of Peyer's patches, and also slightly restored the alteration of lymphocyte phenotypes. CONCLUSION Supplementation with probiotics including Bifidobac-terium and Lactobacillus promoted partial restoration of intestinal microflora and improved intestinal barrier function in malnourished rats after liver transplantation with long-term use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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88
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Guillemard E, Tanguy J, Flavigny A, de la Motte S, Schrezenmeir J. Effects of consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 on common respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in shift workers in a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 29:455-68. [PMID: 21504972 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of infection may be increased in people under stress such as shift workers. This study examined the effect of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 (verum) on the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal common infectious diseases (CIDs) and on immune functions in healthy shift workers. METHODS The study was single-center, randomized, double-blind, and controlled. Volunteers received 200 g/day of verum (n = 500) or control product (n = 500) for 3 months; 1-month follow-up was carried out. RESULTS The cumulated number of CIDs (primary outcome) was not significantly different between groups. Because the Poisson distribution of the primary parameter did not fully fit the observed data, a post hoc categorical analysis was applied and showed a significantly lower cumulated number of CIDs in the verum group during the product consumption phase (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.95, p = 0.017). Verum also reduced the proportion of volunteers experiencing at least 1 CID (43% vs. 51%, p = 0.005), increased the time to the first occurrence of CID (p = 0.017) in the whole population, and reduced the cumulated number of CIDs in the subgroup of smokers (p = 0.033). In the course of CID, cumulated duration of fever was lower in the verum group (in the whole study phase) (p = 0.022), and an increase in leukocyte, neutrophil, and natural killer (NK) cell counts and activity (p = 0.047 to p < 0.001) was observed compared with control group. Verum was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION The results indicate that daily consumption of a fermented dairy product containing Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 could reduce the risk of common infections in stressed individuals such as shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Guillemard
- Danone Research, Centre de Recherche Daniel Carasso, RD 128-91767 Palaiseau cedex, France.
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89
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Azcárate-Peril MA, Sikes M, Bruno-Bárcena JM. The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G401-24. [PMID: 21700901 PMCID: PMC3774253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, and, even though 5-15% of the total CRC cases can be attributed to individual genetic predisposition, environmental factors could be considered major factors in susceptibility to CRC. Lifestyle factors increasing the risks of CRC include elevated body mass index, obesity, and reduced physical activity. Additionally, a number of dietary elements have been associated with higher or lower incidence of CRC. In this context, it has been suggested that diets high in fruit and low in meat might have a protective effect, reducing the incidence of colorectal adenomas by modulating the composition of the normal nonpathogenic commensal microbiota. In addition, it has been demonstrated that changes in abundance of taxonomic groups have a profound impact on the gastrointestinal physiology, and an increasing number of studies are proposing that the microbiota mediates the generation of dietary factors triggering colon cancer. High-throughput sequencing and molecular taxonomic technologies are rapidly filling the knowledge gaps left by conventional microbiology techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of the human intestinal microbiota and their associated metabolic repertoire. The information provided by these studies will be essential to identify agents capable of modulating the massive amount of gut bacteria in safe noninvasive manners to prevent CRC. Probiotics, defined as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" (219), are capable of transient modulation of the microbiota, and their beneficial effects include reinforcement of the natural defense mechanisms and protection against gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics have been successfully used to manage infant diarrhea, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease; hence, the purpose of this review was to examine probiotic metabolic activities that may have an effect on the prevention of CRC by scavenging toxic compounds or preventing their generation in situ. Additionally, a brief consideration is given to safety evaluation and production methods in the context of probiotics efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- 1Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill;
| | - Michael Sikes
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - José M. Bruno-Bárcena
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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90
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Effect of supplementation with an electrolyte containing a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on immune development in dairy calves. Res Vet Sci 2011; 92:427-34. [PMID: 21561634 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune characteristics in 65 calves were evaluated in response to a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) provided in electrolyte scour treatment. Blood samples were analyzed for cell surface markers and α(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration. AGP increased in scouring calves given electrolyte containing Bacillus at day 7 post-placement compared to scouring calves administered electrolyte alone and non-scouring calves, enhancing the inflammatory response for pathogen clearance. The Bacillus promotes T cell subsets including greater proportions of activated, mature cells (CD8(-)CD25(+), CD8(-)CD45RO(+), CD8(-)TCR1(+)) in calves given electrolyte containing Bacillus than scouring calves administered electrolyte alone and non-scouring calves. Also, the Bacillus may be alleviating inflammation at day 3 post-placement as the proportion of monocytes and granulocytes lacking L-selectin (CD172a(+)CD62L(-)) was greater in scouring calves given electrolyte compared to the other groups. Electrolyte containing Bacillus administered at the onset of scours influences components of innate and adaptive immune development during and following the scouring event.
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91
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Zihler A, Gagnon M, Chassard C, Hegland A, Stevens MJA, Braegger CP, Lacroix C. Unexpected consequences of administering bacteriocinogenic probiotic strains for Salmonella populations, revealed by an in vitro colonic model of the child gut. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:3342-3353. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.042036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New biological strategies for the treatment of Salmonella infection are needed in response to the increase in antibiotic-resistant strains. Escherichia coli L1000 and Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 were previously shown to produce antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds (microcin B17 and thermophilicin B67, respectively) active in vitro against a panel of Salmonella strains recently isolated from clinical cases in Switzerland. In this study, two three-stage intestinal continuous fermentation models of Salmonella colonization inoculated with immobilized faeces of a two-year-old child were implemented to study the effects of the two bacteriocinogenic strains compared with a bacteriocin-negative mutant of strain L1000 on Salmonella growth, as well as gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. Immobilized E. coli L1000 added to the proximal colon reactor showed a low colonization, and developed preferentially in the distal colon reactor independent of the presence of genetic determinants for microcin B17 production. Surprisingly, E. coli L1000 addition strongly stimulated Salmonella growth in all three reactors. In contrast, B. thermophilum RBL67 added in a second phase stabilized at high levels in all reactors, but could not inhibit Salmonella already present at a high level (>107 c.f.u. ml−1) when the probiotic was added. Inulin added at the end of fermentation induced a strong bifidogenic effect in all three colon reactors and a significant increase of Salmonella counts in the distal colon reactor. Our data show that under the simulated child colonic conditions, the microcin B17 production phenotype does not correlate with inhibition of Salmonella but leads to a better colonization of E. coli L1000 in the distal colon reactor. We conclude that in vitro models with complex and complete gut microbiota are required to accurately assess the potential and efficacy of probiotics with respect to Salmonella colonization in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Zihler
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Gagnon
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chassard
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Hegland
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. A. Stevens
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P. Braegger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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92
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Rauch M, Lynch SV. Probiotic manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 2010; 1:335-338. [PMID: 21327043 PMCID: PMC3023619 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.1.5.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent publication we examined whether high abundance of a probiotic species, Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus GG (LGG), impacted the overall composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of six-month-old infants at high risk for asthma development. Profound GI microbiota restructuring and the establishment of significantly more even and putatively, functionally redundant consortia were characteristic of high LGG abundance. Here we discuss, in the context of more recently published data, support for the hypothesis that the beneficial effect of probiotic supplementation on human health lies in the formation of a stable and resilient gut ecosystem enriched for species that exert a concerted beneficial effect on the host immune system via direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Rauch
- Colitis and Crohn's Disease Center; Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
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93
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Abstract
Since the discovery in 1899 of bifidobacteria as numerically dominant microbes in the feces of breast-fed infants, there have been numerous studies addressing their role in modulating gut microflora as well as their other potential health benefits. Because of this, they are frequently incorporated into foods as probiotic cultures. An understanding of their full interactions with intestinal microbes and the host is needed to scientifically validate any health benefits they may afford. Recently, the genome sequences of nine strains representing four species of Bifidobacterium became available. A comparative genome analysis of these genomes reveals a likely efficient capacity to adapt to their habitats, with B. longum subsp. infantis exhibiting more genomic potential to utilize human milk oligosaccharides, consistent with its habitat in the infant gut. Conversely, B. longum subsp. longum exhibits a higher genomic potential for utilization of plant-derived complex carbohydrates and polyols, consistent with its habitat in an adult gut. An intriguing observation is the loss of much of this genome potential when strains are adapted to pure culture environments, as highlighted by the genomes of B. animalis subsp. lactis strains, which exhibit the least potential for a gut habitat and are believed to have evolved from the B. animalis species during adaptation to dairy fermentation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Daniel J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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94
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Chiba Y, Shida K, Nagata S, Wada M, Bian L, Wang C, Shimizu T, Yamashiro Y, Kiyoshima-Shibata J, Nanno M, Nomoto K. Well-controlled proinflammatory cytokine responses of Peyer's patch cells to probiotic Lactobacillus casei. Immunology 2010; 130:352-62. [PMID: 20636824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In order to clarify the probiotic features of immunomodulation, cytokine production by murine spleen and Peyer's patch (PP) cells was examined in response to probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. In spleen cells, probiotic Lactobacillus casei induced interleukin (IL)-12 production by CD11b(+) cells more strongly than pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and effectively promoted the development of T helper (Th) type 1 cells followed by high levels of secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma. Although the levels of IL-12 secreted by PP cells in response to L. casei were lower in comparison with spleen cells, Th1 cells developed as a result of this low-level induction of IL-12. However, IFN-gamma secretion by the L. casei-induced Th1 cells stimulated with a specific antigen was down-regulated in PP cells. Development of IL-17-producing Th17 cells was efficiently induced in PP cells by antigen stimulation. Lactobacillus casei slightly, but significantly, inhibited the antigen-induced secretion of IL-17 without a decrease in the proportion of Th17 cells. No bacteria tested induced the development of IL-10-producing, transforming growth factor-beta-producing or Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells, thus suggesting that certain probiotics might regulate proinflammatory responses through as yet unidentified mechanisms in PP cells. These data show probiotic L. casei to have considerable potential to induce IL-12 production and promote Th1 cell development, but the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-17 may be well controlled in PP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihide Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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95
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Malago JJ, Nemeth E, Koninkx JFJG, Tooten PCJ, Fajdiga S, van Dijk JE. Microbial products from probiotic bacteria inhibit Salmonella enteritidis 857-induced IL-8 synthesis in Caco-2 cells. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2010; 55:401-8. [PMID: 20680581 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics is gaining importance in the treatment of intestinal inflammations. However, their mechanism of action is unknown. We investigated whether nonspecific binding Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) and mannose-specific Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp) and their spent culture supernatant (SCS) affect Salmonella enteritidis 857 (Se) growth, IL-8 and Hsp70 syntheses. In one set of experiments human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells were infected with LcS, Lp or Se at 1-500 bacteria per cell for 1 h. In another set, cells were exposed to Se (0-200 per cell, 1 h) after exposure to lactobacilli (LB) (500 per cell, 30 min) or by co-incubation of Se and LB (1 h). The third set of experiments involved exposure of cells for 1 h to SCS or Se (100 per cell) pretreated (1 h) in SCS. The effect of LB SCS on Se growth was evaluated by agar plate diffusion test. IL-8 and Hsp70 were assessed over 2-24 h using ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. Neither LcS nor Lp affected the Se growth and IL-8 production. In addition, they did not induce Hsp70 expression by Caco-2 cells. Instead, their SCS inhibited the Se growth and IL-8 production and induced the expression of Hsp70 by both crypt- and villus-like cells. The beneficial effect of Lactobacillus spp. to the intestinal inflammations might be associated with a decrease in IL-8 levels. This effect could be mediated, at least in part, via a secreted antimicrobial product(s) either directly against the pathogens or indirectly through the synthesis of Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Malago
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3203, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
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96
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Abstract
The human body is an ecosystem harboring complex site-specific microbial communities. The majority of these human-associated microbes are found in the intestinal tract, where they play important roles in energy uptake, vitamin synthesis, and epithelial and immunity development. Recent molecular studies have characterized the human-associated microbiotas in more detail than conventional culture-dependent techniques, showing a large degree of microbial diversity and differences between anatomical sites and individuals. Investigating the composition and function of microbial symbionts will facilitate better understanding of their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Bik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
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97
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Ozdemir O. Various effects of different probiotic strains in allergic disorders: an update from laboratory and clinical data. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 160:295-304. [PMID: 20345982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that allergic children have a different intestinal flora from healthy children with higher levels of Clostridia and lower levels of Bifidobacteria. Nonetheless, Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli are found more commonly in the composition of the intestinal flora of non-allergic children. Probiotics are ingested live microbes that can modify intestinal microbial populations in a way that benefits the host and they are represented mainly by Lactobacilli. Enhanced presence of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota is found to correlate with protection against atopy. There is also very promising evidence to recommend the addition of probiotics to foods for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Clinical improvement, especially in allergic rhinitis and immunoglobulin (Ig)E-sensitized (atopic) eczema, has been reported in most of the published studies. However, clinical benefit of probiotic therapy depends upon numerous factors, such as type of bacterium, dosing regimen, delivery method and other underlying host factors, e.g. the age and diet of the host. Selection of the most beneficial probiotic strain, the dose and the timing of supplementation still need to be determined. This review helps understanding of the role of probiotics in various allergic diseases, explaining laboratory and clinical data in light of recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatics, Division of Allergy/Immunology, SEMA Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cox MJ, Huang YJ, Fujimura KE, Liu JT, McKean M, Boushey HA, Segal MR, Brodie EL, Cabana MD, Lynch SV. Lactobacillus casei abundance is associated with profound shifts in the infant gut microbiome. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8745. [PMID: 20090909 PMCID: PMC2807455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the infant gut by microorganisms over the first year of life is crucial for development of a balanced immune response. Early alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota of neonates has been linked with subsequent development of asthma and atopy in older children. Here we describe high-resolution culture-independent analysis of stool samples from 6-month old infants fed daily supplements of Lactobacillus casei subsp. Rhamnosus (LGG) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation (TIPS). Bacterial community composition was examined using a high-density microarray, the 16S rRNA PhyloChip, and the microbial assemblages of infants with either high or low LGG abundance were compared. Communities with high abundance of LGG exhibited promotion of phylogenetically clustered taxa including a number of other known probiotic species, and were significantly more even in their distribution of community members. Ecologically, these aspects are characteristic of communities that are more resistant to perturbation and outgrowth of pathogens. PhyloChip analysis also permitted identification of taxa negatively correlated with LGG abundance that have previously been associated with atopy, as well as those positively correlated that may prove useful alternative targets for investigation as alternative probiotic species. From these findings we hypothesize that a key mechanism for the protective effect of LGG supplementation on subsequent development of allergic disease is through promotion of a stable, even, and functionally redundant infant gastrointestinal community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cox
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yvonne J. Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kei E. Fujimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jane T. Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle McKean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Homer A. Boushey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Segal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eoin L. Brodie
- Ecology Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Cabana
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mandel DR, Eichas K, Holmes J. Bacillus coagulans: a viable adjunct therapy for relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis according to a randomized, controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 10:1. [PMID: 20067641 PMCID: PMC2826289 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) probiotics demonstrate immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to lessen the symptoms of arthritis in both animals and humans. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design, clinical pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the LAB probiotic preparation, Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086, on symptoms and measures of functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in combination with pharmacological anti-arthritic medications. METHODS Forty-five adult men and women with symptoms of RA were randomly assigned to receive Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 or placebo once a day in a double-blind fashion for 60 days in addition to their standard anti-arthritic medications. Arthritis activity was evaluated by clinical examination, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and laboratory tests for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Subjects who received Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 experienced borderline statistically significant improvement in the Patient Pain Assessment score (P = .052) and statistically significant improvement in Pain Scale (P = .046) vs placebo. Compared with placebo, Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 treatment resulted in greater improvement in patient global assessment and self-assessed disability; reduction in CRP; as well as the ability to walk 2 miles, reach, and participate in daily activities. There were no treatment-related adverse events reported throughout this study. CONCLUSIONS Results of this pilot study suggest that adjunctive treatment with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 LAB probiotic appeared to be a safe and effective for patients suffering from RA. Because of the low study population size, larger trials are needed to verify these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12609000435280.
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Sonnenborn U, Schulze J. The non-pathogenicEscherichia colistrain Nissle 1917 – features of a versatile probiotic. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910600903444267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Schulze
- Department of Medicine, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany
- *Present address: Alice-Bloch-Str. 7, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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