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Das M, Jaya Balan D, Kasi PD. Mitigation of oxidative stress with dihydroactinidiolide, a natural product against scopolamine-induced amnesia in Swiss albino mice. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:149-161. [PMID: 34371027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the neuroprotective efficacy of DHAc under escalated oxidative stress condition in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. During the toxicity test of DHAc in mice, the acute dose (LD50) is found to be 3.468 mg/kg bw and the sub-acute dose is 0.68 mg/kg bw. Improved cognitive and learning abilities are observed in Morris water maze and Y-maze test in 10 days DHAc (0.68 mg/kg bw) treated scopolamine-induced male Swiss albino mice. In the molecular level these changes are monitored as reduced oxidative load followed by significantly lower lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, caspase-3 activity and glutathione content followed by higher expression of anti apoptotic protein bcl-2 in mice brain as compared to scopolamine (1 mg/kg bw) treated mice. Meanwhile real time PCR shows higher expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin in DHAc pretreated scopolamine treated mice brain. HPLC analysis suggested its possible blood brain barrier crossing ability. Overall DHAc reversed behavioral anomalies in the scopolamine treated mice via oxidative stress quenching, enhancing antioxidative enzyme activity, enhancing BDNF and synaptophysin mRNA levels and reducing expression of apoptotic protein Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamali Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India
| | - Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India
| | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India.
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Thapak P, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS. Tranilast, a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 Channel (TRPV2) Inhibitor Attenuates Amyloid β-Induced Cognitive Impairment: Possible Mechanisms. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:183-194. [PMID: 34231190 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid and leads to cognitive impairment. Numerous studies have established that neuronal calcium homeostasis is perturbed in AD. Recently, transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels, a non-selective calcium-permeable channel, have been investigated in several diseases. However, the role of the TRPV2 channel has not been investigated in AD yet. In this study, intracerebroventricular administration of β-amyloid (10 μg) to Sprague Dawley rats resulted in cognitive impairment which was evident from the assessment of cognitive tests. Also, TRPV2 mRNA and protein expression were found to be upregulated, while the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII-Thr-286), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK-3β-Ser-9), cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB-Ser-133), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were downregulated in the hippocampus of β-amyloid-treated animals. Even, β-amyloid-treated animals showed upregulation of mRNA level of calcium buffering proteins (parvalbumin and calsequestrin) and calcineurin A (PPP3CA) in the hippocampus. Acetylcholinesterase activity was also increased in the cortex of β-amyloid-treated animals. Three-week treatment with tranilast showed improvement in the cognitive parameters which was associated with a decrease in TRPV2 expression and AChE activity. Additionally, an increase in the protein expression of p-CaMKII, p-GSK-3β, p-CREB and PSD-95 in the hippocampus was found. Downregulation in the mRNA level of calcium buffering proteins (parvalbumin and calsequestrin) and calcineurin A in the hippocampus was also seen. These results reveal the importance of TRPV2 channels in the β-amyloid-induced cognitive deficits and suggest TRPV2 as a potential target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Thapak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Pinz MP, Vogt AG, da Costa Rodrigues K, Dos Reis AS, Duarte LFB, Fronza MG, Domingues WB, Blodorn EB, Alves D, Campos VF, Savegnago L, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. Effect of a purine derivative containing selenium to improve memory decline and anxiety through modulation of the cholinergic system and Na +/K +-ATPase in an Alzheimer's disease model. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:871-888. [PMID: 33651275 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide problem, and there are currently no treatments that can stop this disease. To investigate the binding affinity of 6-((4-fluorophenyl) selanyl)-9H-purine (FSP) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), to verify the effects of FSP in an AD model in mice and to evaluate the toxicological potential of this compound in mice. The binding affinity of FSP with AChE was investigated by molecular docking analyses. The AD model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in Swiss mice after FSP treatment (1 mg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)), 1st-10th day of the experimental protocol. Anxiety was evaluated in an elevated plus maze test, and memory impairment was evaluated in the Y-maze, object recognition and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks. The cholinergic system was investigated based on by looking at expression and activity of AChE and expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). We evaluated expression and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. For toxicological analysis, animals received FSP (300 mg/kg, i.g.) and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities were determined in plasma and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in brain and liver. FSP interacts with residues of the AChE active site. FSP mitigated the induction of anxiety and memory impairment caused by STZ. FSP protected cholinergic system dysfunction and reduction of activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase. FSP did not modify toxicological parameters evaluated and did not cause the death of mice. FSP protected against anxiety, learning and memory impairment with involvement of the cholinergic system and Na+/K+-ATPase in these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Peglow Pinz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ane Gabriela Vogt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Karline da Costa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Angélica Schiavom Dos Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Barbosa Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), CCQFA, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gallio Fronza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, GPN, CDTec, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bierhaus Blodorn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), CCQFA, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTec), UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, GPN, CDTec, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP96010-900, Brazil.
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Ohmura Y, Iwami K, Chowdhury S, Sasamori H, Sugiura C, Bouchekioua Y, Nishitani N, Yamanaka A, Yoshioka M. Disruption of model-based decision making by silencing of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2446-2454.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Astrocytic IGF-IRs Induce Adenosine-Mediated Inhibitory Downregulation and Improve Sensory Discrimination. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4768-4781. [PMID: 33911021 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a key role in learning and memory processes. While the effects of IGF-I on neurons have been studied extensively, the involvement of astrocytes in IGF-I signaling and the consequences on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior remain unknown. We have found that IGF-I induces long-term potentiation (LTPIGFI) of the postsynaptic potentials that is caused by a long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice. We have demonstrated that this long-lasting decrease in the inhibitory synaptic transmission is evoked by astrocytic activation through its IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs). We show that LTPIGFI not only increases the output of pyramidal neurons, but also favors the NMDAR-dependent LTP, resulting in the crucial information processing at the barrel cortex since specific deletion of IGF-IR in cortical astrocytes impairs the whisker discrimination task. Our work reveals a novel mechanism and functional consequences of IGF-I signaling on cortical inhibitory synaptic plasticity and animal behavior, revealing that astrocytes are key elements in these processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays key regulatory roles in multiple processes of brain physiology, such as learning and memory. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here we demonstrate that astrocytes respond to IGF-I signaling, elevating their intracellular Ca2+ and stimulating the release of ATP/adenosine, which triggers the LTD of cortical inhibitory synapses, thus regulating the behavioral task performance related to cortical sensory information processing. Therefore, the present work represents a major conceptual advance in our knowledge of the cellular basis of IGF-I signaling in brain function, by including for the first time astrocytes as key mediators of IGF-I actions on synaptic plasticity, cortical sensory information discrimination and animal behavior.
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Zhang R, Zhao T, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang F, Cen J, Duan S. Curcumin Derivative Cur20 Attenuated Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Antioxidant Effect and HIF-1α/VEGF/TFEB-Activated Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648107. [PMID: 33935747 PMCID: PMC8082391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a curcumin derivative Cur20 was synthesized for better hydrolytic stability, which showed a higher angiogenic effect on zebrafish model than curcumin. In order to reveal the potential effects on neuroprotection, a mouse model of vascular dementia (VaD) induced by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion (rUCCAO) was established. After two weeks of curcumin administration, the cognitive function of mice was detected by Morris water maze and Y maze. The alteration on oxidative injuries and morphological damage were also analyzed by reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, GSH, malondialdehyde tests, and Nissl stain on cortex/hippocampus. The angiogenesis and related signal factors were evaluated as well. The results showed that Cur20 significantly attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and histopathological changes of the VaD mice with enhanced antioxidant system and angiogenesis. In addition, primary rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were applied to further verify the possible mechanisms of Cur20-induced angiogenesis. The results demonstrated that the proliferation effect and the activation of pro-angiogenesis factors such as HIF-1α, VEGF, and TFEB might contribute to the protection of ischemic injury. Based on the above, our conclusion is that Cur20 can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tingkui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Efficacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Standardized Extract (HemoHIM) Protects against Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in a Murine Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8884243. [PMID: 33815562 PMCID: PMC7990529 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HemoHIM is a medicinal herbal preparation of Angelica gigas Nakai (Apiaceae), Cnidium officinale Makino (Umbelliferae), and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (Paeoniaceae) designed for immune regulation. In the present study, the memory-enhancing effects of a standardized extract (HemoHIM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in a murine model was investigated. To induce amnesia, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into mice 30 min before the start of behavioral tests. The Y-maze, novel object recognition test (NORT), and passive avoidance task (PAT) were used to evoke memory functions. HemoHIM significantly improved scopolamine-induced memory impairment in ICR mice, which was evidenced by an improvement of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, recognition index in NORT, and latency time in PAT. To elucidate the possible mechanism, the cholinergic activity and mRNA levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were measured using reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses, respectively. HemoHIM treatment attenuated the scopolamine-induced hyperactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity. In addition, ChAT, mAchR, and CREB mRNA levels were increased in the hippocampus compared with the scopolamine group. Furthermore, HemoHIM treatment resulted in elevated BDNF protein expression. These results indicate that HemoHIM may exert antiamnesic activity by increasing Ach and inhibiting AchE in the hippocampus. In addition, HemoHIM has therapeutic potential by upregulating ChAT, mAchR, and BDNF, which is apparently mediated by activation of the CREB and ERK signaling pathways.
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Adetuyi BO, Farombi EO. 6-Gingerol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidation, inflammation, cognitive deficits, neuroplasticity, and amyloidogenesis in rat. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13660. [PMID: 33624846 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the protective effect of 6-Gingerol (6G) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation. Male rats were allocated into six groups in this manner; Group I placed on normal saline only. Group II was treated for 7 days with LPS alone intraperitoneally at 250 µg/kg body weight (bw). Group III received 6G alone at 50 mg/kg bw orally for 14 days. Groups IV and V received 6G at 20 and 50 mg/kg bw for 7 days, respectively, and LPS for another 7 days to induce neurotoxicity. Group VI received 5 mg/kg bw of donepezil for 7 days and LPS for 7 days. Pretreatment with 20 and 50 mg/kg bw of 6G protected against LPS-mediated learning and memory function, and also locomotor and motor deficits. Besides, 20 and 50 mg/kg bw 6G mitigated LPS-induced alteration in markers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, induction of amyloidogenesis associated with disruption of histoarchitecture and high expression of interleukin 1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor by LPS was mitigated by the two doses of 6G in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex region of the brain. 6G pretreatment at the two doses mitigated LPS-mediated histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. Overall, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of 6G is mediated through the reversal of neurobehavioral deficit, oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloidogenesis, thus making 6G a possible chemoprophylactic agent against brain injury as a result of LPS exposure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the search for a holistic prevention of inflammation-associated neurodegeneration, nutraceuticals are becoming prominent. Hence, this study presents 6G, an active constituent of ginger, as a chemoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, which is able to ameliorate cognitive impairments, oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, amyloidogenesis, and inflammation in LPS-induced rat model of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Dela Peña I, Shen G, Shi WX. Droxidopa alters dopamine neuron and prefrontal cortex activity and improves attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 892:173826. [PMID: 33347825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Finding alternative treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is crucial given the safety and efficacy problems of current ADHD medications. Droxidopa, also known as L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS), is a norepinephrine prodrug that enhances brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels. In this study, we used electrophysiological tests to examine effects of L-DOPS on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. We also conducted behavioral tests to assess L-DOPS' effects on ADHD-like behaviors in rats. In chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, PFC local field potentials oscillated between the active, depolarized UP state and the hyperpolarized DOWN state. Mimicking the effect of d-amphetamine, L-DOPS, given after the peripheral amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide (BZ), increased the amount of time the PFC spent in the UP state, indicating an excitatory effect of L-DOPS on PFC neurons. Like d-amphetamine, L-DOPS also inhibited dopamine neurons, an effect significantly reversed by the D2-like receptor antagonist raclopride. In the behavioral tests, BZ + L-DOPS improved hyperactivity, inattention and impulsive action of the adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/NCrl), well-validated animal model of the combined type of ADHD. BZ + L-DOPS also reduced impulsive choice and impulsive action of Wistar rats, but did not ameliorate the inattentiveness of Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY/NCrl), proposed model of the ADHD-predominantly inattentive type. In conclusion, L-DOPS produced effects on the PFC and dopamine neurons characteristic of drugs used to treat ADHD. BZ + L-DOPS ameliorated ADHD-like behaviors in rats suggesting its potential as an alternative ADHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike Dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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A Neonatal Mild Defect in Brain Insulin Signaling Predisposes a Subclinical Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's to Develop the Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1473-1484. [PMID: 33492616 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain insulin system dysfunction has been proposed as a key player in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Given this fact, an adult rat model for sAD has been developed by intracerebroventricular injection of a subdiabetogenic streptozotocin dosage (icv-STZ). A low dose of icv-STZ in adult rats leads to a subclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. According to the brain developmental origin for sAD occurrence, the present study evaluated the effect of neonatal injection of icv-STZ on the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease later in the adult animals treated with a low dose of icv-STZ. Although no alteration was observed in the rats receiving an adult low dose of icv-STZ, these animals displayed cognitive deficits if they were also treated neonatally with icv-STZ. These impairments were associated with altered gene expression of insulin receptor, tau and choline acetyltransferase, along with increased astrocyte and dark neuron densities in the hippocampus. This study highlights neonatal brain insulin system dysfunction in the programming of brain insulin signaling sensitivity and provides more evidence for the developmental origin of sAD.
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Fronza MG, Baldinotti R, Sacramento M, Gutierres J, Carvalho FB, Fernandes MDC, Sousa FSS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Pratico D, Savegnago L. Effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE Treatment on Memory, Neurodegeneration, and Neurogenesis in a Streptozotocin-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:109-122. [PMID: 33315382 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that drugs targeting neurogenesis and myelinization could be novel therapeutic targets against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) induces neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms ultimately resulting in reduced adult neurogenesis. Previously, the multitarget compound QTC-4-MeOBnE (1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide) demonstrated beneficial effects in preclinical models of AD. Here we investigated its pharmacokinetics profile and the effect on memory impairments and neurodegeneration induced by STZ. Two icv injections of STZ resulted in significant cognitive and memory impairments, assessed by novel object recognition, Y-maze, social recognition, and step-down passive avoidance paradigms. These deficits were reversed in STZ-injected mice treated with QTC-4-MeOBnE. This effect was associated with reversion of neuronal loss in hippocampal dentate gyrus, reduced oxidative stress, and amelioration of synaptic function trough Na+/K+ ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Furthermore, brains from QTC-4-MeOBnE-treated mice had a significant increase in adult neurogenesis and remyelination through Prox1/NeuroD1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Overall, our findings support the potential anti-AD effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE through multiple pathways, all of which have been involved in the onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Fronza
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology−GPN, Technological Development Center (CDTec), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology−GPN, Technological Development Center (CDTec), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Manoela Sacramento
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis−LASOL, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Jessié Gutierres
- Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana K. Seixas
- Oncology Research Group, GPO, CDTec, UFPel, CDTec, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Oncology Research Group, GPO, CDTec, UFPel, CDTec, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis−LASOL, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple−ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States of America
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology−GPN, Technological Development Center (CDTec), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-610, Brazil
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Goo N, Bae HJ, Park K, Kim J, Jeong Y, Cai M, Cho K, Jung SY, Kim DH, Ryu JH. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on autistic-like behaviors in Fmr1 KO mice. Life Sci 2020; 262:118497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khalil HM, Salama HH, Al-Mokaddem AK, Aljuaydi SH, Edris AE. Edible dairy formula fortified with coconut oil for neuroprotection against aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Hoang THX, Ho DV, Van Phan K, Le QV, Raal A, Nguyen HT. Effects of Hippeastrum reticulatum on memory, spatial learning and object recognition in a scopolamine-induced animal model of Alzheimer's disease. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1098-1104. [PMID: 33170051 PMCID: PMC7671694 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1841810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The methanol extracts from Hippeastrum reticulatum (L'Hér.) Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) (HR) display acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity. OBJECTIVE AChEI of alkaloids isolated from HR bulbs and the ameliorating effects of the alkaloid fraction (AHR) on memory and cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-treated mice were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alkaloids were isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopy. AChEI was evaluated using the modified Ellman's method. Sixty Swiss male mice were randomly divided into six groups, received samples for 15 days. Normal group received saline, scopolamine-treated group scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Test groups received AHR (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, per os) and positive control group donepezil (5 mg/kg, per os), administered 1 h before the test, scopolamine was injected 30 min prior to testing. The cognitive-enhancing activity of AHR against scopolamine-induced memory impairments was investigated using Y-maze, the novel object recognition test (NORT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test. RESULTS Seven alkaloids were isolated for the first time from the genus Hippeastrum: trans-dihydronarciclasine (1), N-chloromethylnarcissidinium (2), narciprimin (3), narciclasine-4-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (4), N-methyltyramine (5), 3β,11α-dihydroxy-1,2-dehydrocrinane (6) and brunsvigine (7); three are new compounds (2, 5, 6). Among them, 2-3 and 5-6 showed AChEI in vitro with IC50 values of 29.1, 46.4, 70.1 and 104.5 µg/mL, respectively. The anti-AChEI of 2, 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. In in vivo test, AHR (15 mg/kg) significantly increased in spontaneous alternation performance in the Y-maze test (p < 0.01), it significantly increased the time spent exploring the novel object (p < 0.05) comparison with scopolamine-treated group. The administration of AHR at doses 10 and 15 mg/kg significantly decreased escapes latency and swimming distance to the platform on day 6 compared to these in day 1 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AHR could be a potential candidate of future trials for treatment of memory and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Huyen Xuan Hoang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Kiem Van Phan
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, The Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quan Van Le
- Department of Functional Exploration, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ain Raal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hoai Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
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Thapak P, Khare P, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS. Neuroprotective Effect of 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate (2-APB) in Amyloid β-Induced Memory Dysfunction: A Mechanistic Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1211-1223. [PMID: 33219878 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and accumulation of Aβ is associated with loss of synaptic plasticity and neuronal cell death. Aggregation of Aβ initiates numerous molecular signalling pathways leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction as well as an imbalance of calcium ion influx homeostasis. Recently, it has been shown that transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel has been postulated to play a vital role in the neuronal death, indicating the potential of TRPM2 inhibition in CNS disease. In this study, neuroprotective potential of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a broad-spectrum calcium channels blocker was investigated in Aβ-induced memory deficits in rats. In addition, effect of 2-APB on TRPM2 channels gene and protein expressions and also on calcium and memory related proteins was investigated in the hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) administration of Aβ (Aβ25-35, 10 μg) markedly induced cognitive impairment and upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of TRPM2 in the hippocampus. In addition, AChE activity was also increased in the cortex of the Aβ administered animals. Three-week treatment with 2-APB led to the down-regulation of TRPM2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus and also improved the cognitive functions which was evident from the behavioral parameters. Moreover, 2-APB treatment also increased the calcium and memory associated proteins namely p-CaMKII, p-GSK-3β, p-CREB and PSD-95 in the hippocampus and reduced the mRNA level of calcium buffering proteins and calcineurin A (PPP3CA) in the hippocampus. Furthermore, 2-APB treatment significantly reduced the AChE activity in the cortex. Thus, our findings suggest the neuroprotective effect of 2-APB in Aβ-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Thapak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Bastola T, Pariyar R, Jeon BM, Baek JI, Chang BY, Kim SC, Kim SY, Seo J. Protective effects of SGB121, ginsenoside F1-enriched ginseng extract, on scopolamine-induced cytotoxicity and memory impairments. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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67
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Shin T, Hiraoka Y, Yamasaki T, Marth JD, Penninger JM, Kanai-Azuma M, Tanaka K, Kofuji S, Nishina H. MKK7 deficiency in mature neurons impairs parental behavior in mice. Genes Cells 2020; 26:5-17. [PMID: 33098150 PMCID: PMC7839552 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are constitutively activated in mammalian brains and are indispensable for their development and neural functions. MKK7 is an upstream activator of all JNKs. However, whether the common JNK signaling pathway regulates the brain's control of social behavior remains unclear. Here, we show that female mice in which Mkk7 is deleted specifically in mature neurons (Mkk7flox/floxSyn‐Cre mice) give birth to a normal number of pups but fail to raise them due to a defect in pup retrieval. To explore the mechanism underlying this abnormality, we performed comprehensive behavioral tests. Mkk7flox/floxSyn‐Cre mice showed normal locomotor functions and cognitive ability but exhibited depression‐like behavior. cDNA microarray analysis of mutant brain revealed an altered gene expression pattern. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated that mRNA expression levels of genes related to neural signaling pathways and a calcium channel were significantly different from controls. In addition, loss of neural MKK7 had unexpected regulatory effects on gene expression patterns in oligodendrocytes. These findings indicate that MKK7 has an important role in regulating the gene expression patterns responsible for promoting normal social behavior and staving off depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shin
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, SBP Medical Discovery Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kofuji
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Casaril AM, Domingues M, Lourenço DDA, Vieira B, Begnini K, Corcini CD, França RT, Varela Junior AS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole ameliorates long-lasting depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviors and cognitive impairment in post-septic mice: Involvement of neuroimmune and oxidative hallmarks. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109278. [PMID: 33038329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Only in the last decade the long-term consequences of sepsis started to be studied and even less attention has been given to the treatment of psychological symptoms of sepsis survivors. It is estimated that 60% of sepsis survivors have psychological disturbances, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Although the causative factors remain largely poorly understood, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress have been investigated. Therefore, we sought to explore if the immunomodulatory and antioxidant selenocompound 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI) would be able to ameliorate long-term behavioral and biochemical alterations in sepsis survivors male Swiss mice. CMI treatment (1 mg/kg, given orally for seven consecutive days) attenuated depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviors and cognitive impairment present one month after the induction of sepsis (lipopolysaccharide, 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Meantime, CMI treatment modulated the number of neutrophils and levels of reactive species in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In addition, peripheral markers of liver and kidneys dysfunction (AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine) were reduced after CMI treatment in post-septic mice. Notably, CMI treatment to non-septic mice did not alter AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating the absence of acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity following CMI treatment. Noteworthy, CMI ameliorated BBB dysfunction induced by sepsis, modulating the expression of inflammation-associated genes (NFκB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IDO, COX-2, iNOS, and BDNF) and markers of oxidative stress (reactive species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels) in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi of mice. In conclusion, we unraveled crucial molecular pathways that are impaired in post-septic mice and we present CMI as a promising therapeutic candidate aimed to manage the long-lasting behavioral alterations of sepsis survivors to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darling de Andrade Lourenço
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli Teresinha França
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Antônio Sergio Varela Junior
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kӧmmling Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Wei H, Wang M, Lv N, Yang H, Zhao M, Huang B, Li R. Increased repetitive self-grooming occurs in Pax2 mutant mice generated using CRISPR/Cas9. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112803. [PMID: 32653558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and repetitive or restricted interest and behaviors. However, the specific pathogenesis of ASD is still unclear. It has been widely accepted that genetic and environmental risk factors are associated with the pathogenesis of ASD. Paired box2 (Pax2) gene encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system of humans and mice. In this study, we constructed Pax2 heterozygous gene knockout (Pax2+/-) mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and performed several autistic-like behavioral assays, including self-grooming test, sociability approach, the elevated plus maze test and Y maze test. Results showed increased repetitive self-grooming and possible abnormal anxiety-like behavior occur in Pax2+/- mice. Furthermore, no changes were observed in the abilities of sociability and working memory in Pax2+/- mice compared to wild-type C57BL/6 J mice. Finally, we speculated that possible mechanism of abnormal autistic-like behaviors due to the deletion of Pax2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Nephrology Division, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Thapak P, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS. Amelioration of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment by Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel inhibitor: Behavioral and mechanistic study. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104783. [PMID: 32652268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channels which play a pivotal role in diabetes and diabetic complications. Among diabetic complications, diabetes-induced cognitive impairment is a major CNS complication. The role of several TRP channels has been investigated extensively for their diverse Ca2+ regulating mechanism, and recently their role has been postulated in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of TRPV2 has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in the present study, the involvement of TRPV2 channels was investigated in diabetes-induced cognitive impairment using TRPV2 inhibitor, tranilast. High glucose exposure in rat C6 glial cells enhances the Ca2+-entry through TRPV2 channels. In our in-vivo study, diabetic rats showed increased gene and protein expression of TRPV2 in the hippocampus. Subsequent increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex, as well as decrease in the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII-Thr-286), p-GSK-3β (Ser-9), p-CREB (Ser-133) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus were also observed this led to the impairment in the learning and memory as evident from behavioral parameters such as Morris water maze test, passive avoidance and Y-maze test paradigm. Three-week treatment with tranilast (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed improvement in learning and memory associated behaviours (Morris water maze test, passive avoidance, and Y-maze test) by increasing the p-CaMKII (Thr-286), p-GSK-3β (Ser-9), p-CREB (Ser-133) and PSD-95 in the hippocampus. Cortical acetylcholinesterase activity was also reduced by the tranilast. These findings depicted that TRPV2 inhibition may be an effective treatment strategy in diabetes-induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thapak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - M Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - S S Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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de Aquino PEA, Rabelo Bezerra J, de Souza Nascimento T, Tavares J, Rosal Lustosa Í, Chaves Filho AJM, Mottin M, Macêdo Gaspar D, de Andrade GM, Tavares Neves KR, Biagini G, Silveira ER, de Barros Viana GS. A Proline Derivative-Enriched Fraction from Sideroxylon obtusifolium Protects the Hippocampus from Intracerebroventricular Pilocarpine-Induced Injury Associated with Status Epilepticus in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4188. [PMID: 32545390 PMCID: PMC7312019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline-enriched fraction (NMP) from Sideroxylon obtusifolium was evaluated as a neuroprotective agent in the intracerebroventricular (icv) pilocarpine (Pilo) model. To this aim, male mice were subdivided into sham (SO, vehicle), Pilo (300 µg/1 µL icv, followed by the vehicle per os, po) and NMP-treated groups (Pilo 300 µg/1 µL icv, followed by 100 or 200 mg/kg po). The treatments started one day after the Pilo injection and continued for 15 days. The effects of NMP were assessed by characterizing the preservation of cognitive function in both the Y-maze and object recognition tests. The hippocampal cell viability was evaluated by Nissl staining. Additional markers of damage were studied-the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression using, respectively, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. We also performed molecular docking experiments revealing that NMP binds to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT1). GAT1 expression in the hippocampus was also characterized. Pilo induced cognitive deficits, cell damage, increased GFAP, Iba-1, and GAT1 expression in the hippocampus. These alterations were prevented, especially by the higher NMP dose. These data highlight NMP as a promising candidate for the protection of the hippocampus, as shown by the icv Pilo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Everson Alexandre de Aquino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Jéssica Rabelo Bezerra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Tyciane de Souza Nascimento
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Juliete Tavares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Ítalo Rosal Lustosa
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Melina Mottin
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Macêdo Gaspar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Geanne Matos de Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil;
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil; (P.E.A.d.A.); (J.R.B.); (T.d.S.N.); (J.T.); (A.J.M.C.F.); (D.M.G.); (G.M.d.A.); (K.R.T.N.)
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Taschetto Vey L, Zuquetto Rosa H, Cristine Silva Barcelos R, Tironi Dias V, Izabel Ugalde Marques da Rocha M, Escobar Burger M. Neonatal handling increases neurogenesis, BDNF and GR in the hippocampus favoring memory acquisition in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1745:146921. [PMID: 32505752 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early life is a critical period for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) when the brain undergoes functional organization, neuronal proliferation and migration. This study aimed to evaluate influences and possible interactions of the neonatal handling (NH) on morphologic, biochemical and molecular markers in the hippocampus, as well as on Mu opioid receptors (MOR) immunoreactivity when adolescent rats were exposed to morphine. On postnatal day (PND) 1, male pups were assigned to two experimental groups: unhandled (UH) or neonatal handling (NH), whose procedure was applied from PND2 to PND9. On PND 50, animals were submitted to memory behavioral test, anesthesia and euthanasia for blood collection and hippocampus removal. Animals exposed to NH showed: i) increased levels of proBDNF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); ii) increased memory performance; iii) decreased lipid peroxidation (LP) in plasma and hippocampus; iv) increased antioxidant defenses; v) increased glucocorticoids receptor (GR) levels. Interestingly, our data showed a positive correlation between BDNF and working memory after NH procedure (r2 = 0.73; P = 0.006). Animals submitted to NH showed an increased per se of MOR immunoreactivity regardless of morphine exposure, while this increasing was also observed in the UH group after morphine exposure, even in a small extent. NH beneficial influence during early stage of life can be reflected during the development of the puppies, enhancing memory performance, preventing oxidative events and improving molecular targets in hippocampus. Further experimental studies in addition to clinical ones are needed to validate NH protocol as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Taschetto Vey
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Izabel Ugalde Marques da Rocha
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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73
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Fronza MG, Baldinotti R, Fetter J, Sacramento M, Sousa FSS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. QTC-4-MeOBnE Rescues Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice by Targeting Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Plasticity, and Apoptosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1259-1269. [PMID: 32227985 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline and memory impairment induced by disruption of cholinergic neurons and oxidative brain damage are among the earliest pathological hallmark signatures of Alzheimer's disease. Scopolamine is a postsynaptic muscarinic receptor blocker which causes impairment of cholinergic transmission resulting in cognitive deficits. Herein we investigated the effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE (1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide) on memory impairments in mice chronically treated with scopolamine and the molecular mechanisms involved. Administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for 15 days resulted in significant impairments in working and short-term memory in mice, as assessed by the novel object recognition and the Y-maze paradigms. However, both deficits were prevented if mice receiving the scopolamine were also treated with QTC-4-MeOBnE. This effect was associated with an increase in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), a reduction in lipid peroxidation, and an increase in Nrf2 expression. Moreover, brains from QTC-4-MeOBnE treated mice had a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity and glycogen synthase kinase-3β levels but an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Bcl-2 expression levels. Taken together our findings demonstrate that the beneficial effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE in a mouse model of scopolamine-induced memory impairment is mediated via the involvement of different molecular pathways including oxidative stress, neuroplasticity, neuronal vulnerability, and apoptosis. Our study provides further evidence on the promising therapeutic potential of QTC-4-MeOBnE as a multifactorial disease modifying drug in AD and related dementing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Fetter
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Manoela Sacramento
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Severo Sabedra Sousa
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K. Seixas
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple − ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group - GPN, Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel, Technological Development Center, Pelotas, RS 96160-000, Brazil
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74
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4-Hydroxyestrone, an Endogenous Estrogen Metabolite, Can Strongly Protect Neuronal Cells Against Oxidative Damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7283. [PMID: 32350290 PMCID: PMC7190733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that endogenous estrogens have neuroprotective effect against oxidative damage. The present study seeks to investigate the protective effect of various endogenous estrogen metabolites against oxidative neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Using immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cells as an in vitro model, 4-hydroxyestrone, an estrone metabolite with little estrogenic activity, is found to have the strongest neuroprotective effect against oxidative neurotoxicity among 25 endogenous estrogen metabolites tested, and its protective effect is stronger than 17β-estradiol. Similarly, 4-Hydroxyestrone also exerts a stronger protective effect than 17β-estradiol against kanic acid-induced hippocampal oxidative damage in rats. Neuroprotection by 4-hydroxyestrone involves increased cytoplasmic translocation of p53 resulting from SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53. Analysis of brain microsomal enzymes shows that estrogen 4-hydroxylation is the main metabolic pathway in the central nervous system. Together, these results show that 4-hydroxyestrone is an endogenous neuroestrogen that can strongly protect against oxidative neuronal damage.
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75
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Hirayama S, Fujii H. δ Opioid Receptor Inverse Agonists and their In Vivo Pharmacological Effects. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2889-2902. [PMID: 32238139 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200402115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of δ opioid receptor inverse agonist activity induced by ICI-174,864, which was previously reported as an δ opioid receptor antagonist, opened the door for the investigation of inverse agonism/constitutive activity of the receptors. Various peptidic or non-peptidic δ opioid receptor inverse agonists have since been developed. Compared with the reports dealing with in vitro inverse agonist activities of novel compounds or known compounds as antagonists, there have been almost no publications describing the in vivo pharmacological effects induced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist. After the observation of anorectic effects with the δ opioid receptor antagonism was discussed in the early 2000s, the short-term memory improving effects and antitussive effects have been very recently reported as possible pharmacological effects induced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist. In this review, we will survey the developed δ opioid receptor inverse agonists and summarize the possible in vivo pharmacological effects by δ opioid receptor inverse agonists. Moreover, we will discuss important issues involved in the investigation of the in vivo pharmacological effects produced by a δ opioid receptor inverse agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Hirayama
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5- 9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5- 9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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76
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Administration of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide during Early Postnatal Ontogenesis Induces Transient Impairment of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity Associated with Behavioral Abnormalities in Young Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030048. [PMID: 32197321 PMCID: PMC7151710 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases in early postnatal ontogenesis often result in cognitive impairments, particularly learning and memory. The essential foundation of learning and memory is long-term synaptic plasticity, which depends on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In the present study, bacterial infection was modeled by treating rat pups with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 25 µg/kg) three times, during either the first or the third week of life. These time points are critical for the maturation of NMDA receptors. We assessed the effects of LPS treatments on the properties of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 hippocampus of young (21–23 days) and adolescent (51–55 days) rats. LTP magnitude was found to be significantly reduced in both groups of young rats, which also exhibited investigative and motor behavior disturbances in the open field test. No changes were observed in the main characteristics of synaptic transmission, although the LTP induction mechanism was disturbed. In rats treated with LPS during the third week, the NMDA-dependent form of LTP was completely suppressed, and LTP switched to the Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1)-dependent form. These impairments of synaptic plasticity and behavior were temporary. In adolescent rats, no difference was observed in LTP properties between the control and experimental groups. Lastly, the investigative and motor behavior parameters in both groups of adult rats were similar.
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77
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Succinamide Derivatives Ameliorate Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Scopolamine-Induced Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030443. [PMID: 32183056 PMCID: PMC7175202 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammatory events are the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed to synthesize a series of novel succinamide derivatives and to further investigate the neuroprotective potential of these compounds against scopolamine-induced neuronal injury by in silico, morphological, and biochemical approaches. The characterization of all the succinamide derivatives was carried out spectroscopically via proton NMR (1H-NMR), FTIR and elemental analysis. Further in vivo experiments showed that scopolamine induced neuronal injury, characterized by downregulated glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase, and upregulated lipid peroxidation (LPO). Moreover, scopolamine increased the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), further associated with cognitive impairment. On the other hand, treatment with succinamide derivatives ameliorated the biochemical and immunohistochemical alterations induced by scopolamine, further supported by the results obtained from molecular docking and binding affinities.
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78
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Assaf N, El-Shamarka ME, Salem NA, Khadrawy YA, El Sayed NS. Neuroprotective effect of PPAR alpha and gamma agonists in a mouse model of amyloidogenesis through modulation of the Wnt/beta catenin pathway via targeting alpha- and beta-secretases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 97:109793. [PMID: 31669201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fenofibrate and pioglitazone in a mouse model of amyloidogenesis induced by amyloidβ (βA) peptide. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with βA1-40 (400 pmol/mouse) once, followed by treatment with fenofibrate (300 mg/kg), pioglitazone (30 mg/kg),or both. After 21 days of daily treatment, memory impairment and cognitive function were evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM), Y-maze and object recognition tests. On the 22nd day, mice were sacrificed, and their hippocampi were dissected to determine the levels of α- and β-secretase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα and β), Wnt and β-catenin. Significant memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction were observed in the mouse model group. This finding was associated with a significant increase in α- and β-secretase levels and a significant decrease in Wnt, β-catenin, and PPARα and β levels. Neuronal damage was also evident after histopathological examination. Treatment with fenofibrate, pioglitazone and their combination resulted in a significant improvement in the behavioural and neurochemical changes induced by βA injection. The present findings indicate that the combined administration of fenofibrate and pioglitazone was more effective than monotherapy in ameliorating the behavioural, neurochemical and histopathological changes in amyloidogenesis model mice and provide a promising therapeutic approach in the management of Alzheimer's disease complicated by diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Assaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa E El-Shamarka
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Salem
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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79
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Bae HJ, Kim J, Kim J, Goo N, Cai M, Cho K, Jung SY, Kwon H, Kim DH, Jang DS, Ryu JH. The effect of maslinic acid on cognitive dysfunction induced by cholinergic blockade in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3197-3209. [PMID: 32133639 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent disease associated with cognitive dysfunction. Current AD therapeutic agents have several gastrointestinal or psychological adverse effects and therefore, novel therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects must be developed. Previously, we demonstrated that oleanolic acid, which is similar in chemical structure to maslinic acid, ameliorates cognitive impairment through the activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB)-ERK-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the present study, we investigate the effect of maslinic acid on cholinergic blockade-induced memory impairment in mice. METHODS AND KEY RESULTS Maslinic acid reversed scopolamine-induced memory impairment, as determined by the Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. In addition, we also observed that ERK-CREB, PI3K and PKB (Akt) phosphorylation levels were increased by maslinic acid administration in the mouse hippocampus. Moreover, we determined that the effects of maslinic acid on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance test were abolished by a specific TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA-12). Additionally, we observed similar temporal changes in the expression levels between BDNF and tissue plasminogen activator in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that maslinic acid enhances cognitive function through the activation of BDNF and its downstream pathway signalling in the hippocampus and that it might be a potential therapeutic agent for cognitive decline, such as that observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Cho
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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80
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Casaril AM, Domingues M, Bampi SR, Lourenço DDA, Smaniotto TÂ, Segatto N, Vieira B, Seixas FK, Collares T, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory compound 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole attenuates depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment developed in a mouse model of breast tumor. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:229-241. [PMID: 31837417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric alterations are often found in patients with breast cancer even before the initiation of adjuvant therapy, resulting in a poor quality of life. It has become accepted that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathophysiology of depression and cognitive impairment. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with the antioxidant and immunomodulatory selenium-containing compound 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI)could attenuate behavioral and neurochemical alterations in a mammary (4T1) tumor model. Female BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 4T1 cancer cells (1 × 105 cells/mice) or PBS. From days 14 to 20, mice received daily gavage with canola oil or CMI. On day 21, mice were submitted to behavioral tests followed by euthanasia. We found that CMI did not alter tumor growth, body weight, and body temperature in tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, treatment with CMI abrogated tumor-induced depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment. By the time CMI improved the behavioral alterations, it had reduced tumor-induced neuroinflammation (altered expression of NFκB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IDO, and COX-2) and oxidative stress (altered expression of iNOS and Nrf2, and levels of reactive species, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase activity) in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi of mice. A molecular docking approach suggested the ability of CMI to inhibit the activity of iNOS and COX-2. Together, our results indicate that CMI treatment may attenuate depression and cognitive impairment in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, and be a groundbreaking strategy for the treatment of cancer-related psychiatric symptoms to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Suely Ribeiro Bampi
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darling de Andrade Lourenço
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ângelo Smaniotto
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Segatto
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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81
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Cabrera OH, Gulvezan T, Symmes B, Quillinan N, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Sex differences in neurodevelopmental abnormalities caused by early-life anaesthesia exposure: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2020; 124:e81-e91. [PMID: 31980157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to anaesthetic drugs during the fetal or neonatal period induces widespread neuronal apoptosis in the brains of rodents and non-human primates. Hundreds of published preclinical studies and nearly 20 clinical studies have documented cognitive and behavioural deficits many months or years later, raising the spectre that early life anaesthesia exposure is a long-term, perhaps permanent, insult that might affect the quality of life of millions of humans. Although the phenomenon of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity is well characterised, there are important and lingering questions pertaining to sex differences and neurodevelopmental sequelae that might occur differentially in females and males. We review the relevant literature on sex differences in the field of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity, and present an emerging pattern of potential sex-dependent neurodevelopmental abnormalities in rodent models of human infant anaesthesia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Cabrera
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Thomas Gulvezan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Breanna Symmes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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82
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Lin Y, Rajamohamedsait HB, Sandusky-Beltran LA, Gamallo-Lana B, Mar A, Sigurdsson EM. Chronic PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade Does Not Affect Cognition or Promote Tau Clearance in a Tauopathy Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:377. [PMID: 31992982 PMCID: PMC6971044 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade with an antibody has been shown to reduce amyloid-β plaques, associated pathologies and cognitive impairment in mouse models. More recently, this approach has shown effectiveness in a tauopathy mouse model to improve cognition and reduce tau lesions. Follow-up studies by other laboratories did not see similar benefits of this type of therapy in other amyloid-β plaque models. Here, we report a modest increase in locomotor activity but no effect on cognition or tau pathology, in a different more commonly used tauopathy model following a weekly treatment for 12 weeks with the same PD-1 antibody and isotype control as in the original Aβ- and tau-targeting studies. These findings indicate that further research is needed before clinical trials based on PD-1 checkpoint immune blockage are devised for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hameetha B Rajamohamedsait
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leslie A Sandusky-Beltran
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Begona Gamallo-Lana
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mar
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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83
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Perez-Fernandez C, Morales-Navas M, Guardia-Escote L, Garrido-Cárdenas JA, Colomina MT, Giménez E, Sánchez-Santed F. Long-term effects of low doses of Chlorpyrifos exposure at the preweaning developmental stage: A locomotor, pharmacological, brain gene expression and gut microbiome analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Van Looveren K, Van Boxelaere M, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Libert C. Cognitive dysfunction in mice lacking proper glucocorticoid receptor dimerization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226753. [PMID: 31869387 PMCID: PMC6927629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for depression and anxiety. One of the effects of stress is the (over-) activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs). Chronically increased stress hormone levels have been shown to have detrimental effects on neuronal networks by inhibiting neurotrophic processes particularly in the hippocampus proper. Centrally, GCs modulate metabolic as well as behavioural processes by activating two classes of corticoid receptors, high-affinity mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and low-affinity glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Upon activation, GR can modulate gene transcription either as a monomeric protein, or as a dimer interacting directly with DNA. GR can also modulate cellular processes via non-genomic mechanisms, for example via a GPCR-protein interaction. We evaluated the behavioral phenotype in mice with a targeted mutation in the GR in a FVB/NJ background. In GRdim/dim mice, GR proteins form poor homodimers, while the GR monomer remains intact. We evaluated the effect of poor GR dimerization on hippocampus-dependent cognition as well as on exploration and emotional behavior under baseline and chronically increased stress hormone levels. We found that GRdim/dim mice did not behave differently from GRwt/wt littermates under baseline conditions. However, after chronic elevation of stress hormone levels, GRdim/dim mice displayed a significant impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory compared to GRwt/wt mice, which correlated with differential expression of hippocampal Bdnf/TrkB and Fkbp5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Van Looveren
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KULeuven, Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
- mINT Mouse Behavioural Core Facility, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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85
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Diastereomeric Mixture of Calophyllic and Isocalophyllic Acid Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Involvement of Antioxidant Defense and Cholinergic Systems. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:58-66. [PMID: 31656017 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dementia of Alzheimer disease type (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are two most common diseases of aging which has reached epidemic proportions. Moreover, there is a shared mechanism of pathogenesis between metabolic disorders and AD. Hence, the need for discivery of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid (ISO) has been shown to stimulate glucose uptake through GLUT4- translocation. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of ISO on scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. ISO (5, 25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.) was administered for 3 consecutive days. One hour post-treatment on day 3, scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was given before the animals were subjected to Y-maze, open field, novel object recognition (NOR) or Morris water maze (MWM; 5 consecutive days) paradigms. The mice were sacrificed 45 min after MWM test on day 8. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were rapidly isolated on ice for assay of biochemical markers of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. Scopolamine reduced the percentage alternation behaviour in the Y-maze and discrimination index in NOR tests with no significant change in escape latency time in MWM task suggestive of deficit in learning and memory. However, the pretreatment of mice with ISO produced a dose-dependent improvement in learning and memory. Moreover, ISO administration attenuated scopolamine-induced increase in malondialdehyde/nitrite generation and acetylcholinesterase activity and deficit in antioxidant enzyme activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Findings from this study showed that the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid possesses anti-amnesic effect through enhancement of antioxidant defense and cholinergic signaling pathway.
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86
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Bisphenol A triggers axonal injury and myelin degeneration with concomitant neurobehavioral toxicity in C57BL/6J male mice. Toxicology 2019; 428:152299. [PMID: 31574244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitously distributed endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). BPA exposure in humans has been a matter of concern due to its increased application in the products of day to day use. BPA has been reported to cause toxicity in almost all the vital organ systems even at a very low dose levels. It crosses the blood brain barrier and causes neurotoxicity. We studied the effect of BPA on the cerebral cortex of C57BL/6J mice and examined whether BPA exposure alters the expression of axonal and myelin structural proteins. Male mice were dosed orally to 40 μg and 400 μg BPA/kg body weight for 60 days. BPA exposure resulted in memory loss, muscle coordination deficits and allodynia. BPA exposure also caused degeneration of immature and mature oligodendrocytes as evaluated by decreased mRNA levels of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNPase), nestin, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAG-1) genes revealing myelin related pathology. It was observed that subchronic BPA exposure caused neuroinflammation through deregulation of inflammatory cytokines mRNA and protein expression which further resulted into neurotoxicity through axonal as well as myelin degeneration in the brain. BPA also caused increased oxidative stress in the brain. Our study indicates long-term subchronic low dose exposure to BPA has the potential to cause axonal degeneration and demyelination in the oligodendrocytes and neurons which may have implications in neurological and neuropsychological disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica and others.
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87
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Effect of pioglitazone and simvastatin in lipopolysaccharide-induced amyloidogenesis and cognitive impairment in mice: possible role of glutamatergic pathway and oxidative stress. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:5-15. [PMID: 29659380 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain are well known characteristics of neurodegeneration. Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are the main risk factors leading to memory loss and cognitive impairment. Recently, it was found that statins and thiazolidinediones have promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects that could delay neurodegeneration and neuronal loss in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of simvastatin, pioglitazone, and their combination in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis. Mice were divided into five groups: group 1 received 0.9% saline, group 2 received LPS (0.8 mg/kg in saline), group 3 received LPS (0.8 mgl kg)+simvastatin (5 mg/kg in saline), group 4 received LPS (0.8 mg/kg)+pioglitazone (20 mg/kg in saline), group 5 receiving LPS (0.8 mg/kg)+simvastatin (5 mg/kg)+pioglitazone (20 mg/kg). Y-maze and novel object recognition were used to assess the spatial and nonspatial behavioral changes. Nitric oxide levels and glutamate levels were measured to elucidate the anti-glutamatergic and anti-inflammatory effects of the tested drugs. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the presence of Aβ1-42 in the mice brain. LPS impaired memory, and increased Aβ deposition, nitric oxide, and glutamate brain levels. Both drugs produced a significant improvement in all parameters. We conclude that simvastatin and pioglitazone may have a protective effect against cognitive impairment induced by LPS, through targeting the glutamatergic and inflammatory pathways, especially in patients having hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.
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88
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Valencia S, Gonzales EL, Adil KJ, Jeon SJ, Kwon KJ, Cho KS, Shin CY. Comparative Behavioral Correlation of High and Low-Performing Mice in the Forced Swim Test. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:349-356. [PMID: 30630289 PMCID: PMC6609112 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral analysis in mice provided important contributions in helping understand and treat numerous neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders. The behavioral performance of animals and humans is widely different among individuals but the neurobehavioral mechanism of the innate difference is seldom investigated. Many neurologic conditions share comorbid symptoms that may have common pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy. The forced swim test (FST) has been commonly used to evaluate the "antidepressant" properties of drugs yet the individual difference analysis of this test was left scantly investigated along with the possible connection among other behavioral domains. This study conducted an FST-screening in outbred CD-1 male mice and segregated them into three groups: high performers (HP) or the active swimmers, middle performers (MP), and low performers (LP) or floaters. After which, a series of behavioral experiments were performed to measure their behavioral responses in the open field, elevated plus maze, Y maze, three-chamber social assay, novel object recognition, delay discounting task, and cliff avoidance reaction. The behavioral tests battery revealed that the three groups displayed seemingly correlated differences in locomotor activity and novel object recognition but not in other behaviors. This study suggests that the HP group in FST has higher locomotor activity and novelty-seeking tendencies compared to the other groups. These results may have important implications in creating behavior database in animal models that could be used for predicting interconnections of various behavioral domains, which eventually helps to understand the neurobiological mechanism controlling the behaviors in individual subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schley Valencia
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
| | - Edson Luck Gonzales
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
| | - Keremkleroo Jym Adil
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Suk Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Republic of Korea
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89
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Liao Y, Bae HJ, Park JH, Zhang J, Koo B, Lim MK, Han EH, Lee SH, Jung SY, Lew JH, Ryu JH. Aster glehni Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. J Med Food 2019; 22:685-695. [PMID: 31225769 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Aster glehni Fr. Schm. (Asteraceae) have been used to treat insomnia in Korea. Insomnia is a common adverse effect of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the control of sleep disturbance may prevent dementia. We hypothesized that the leaves of A. glehni can attenuate cognitive dysfunctions observed in AD. We observed the ameliorating effects of the ethanolic extract of leaves of A. glehni (AG-D) on memory dysfunction through the Morris water maze test, the passive avoidance test, and the Y-maze test. We performed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity assay and Western blotting to determine the mechanism of action of AG-D. AG-D significantly attenuated memory dysfunction observed in the above behavior studies and inhibited the activity of AChE. AG-D also increased the levels of phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi. These results suggest that AG-D ameliorates memory impairments by AChE inhibition and activation of ERK-CREB-BDNF and PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathways. Taken together, this study suggests that AG-D could be used as a potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liao
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Park
- 2 Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bokyung Koo
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Lim
- 3 Department of R&D Center, Koreaeundan, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Han
- 3 Department of R&D Center, Koreaeundan, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- 3 Department of R&D Center, Koreaeundan, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Lew
- 2 Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- 1 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,4 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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90
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Bampi SR, Casaril AM, Sabedra Sousa FS, Pesarico AP, Vieira B, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. Repeated administration of a selenium-containing indolyl compound attenuates behavioural alterations by streptozotocin through modulation of oxidative stress in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 183:46-55. [PMID: 31207269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathophysiology of major depression disorder (MDD) is still poorly understood, mounting evidence suggests that the brains of depressed patients are under oxidative stress, leading to depressive symptoms that may include anxiety and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate if the seleno-organic compound 1-methyl-3-(phenylselanyl)-1H-indole (MFSeI) reverses the depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviour, cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by the intra-cerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 0.2 mg/4 μl/per mouse) in Swiss male mice. Twenty-four hours after the STZ injection, mice were treated with MFSeI (10 mg/kg, intra-gastrically), or vehicle solution, once daily for seven days. The behavioural tests were performed 30 min after the final MFSeI administration, followed by euthanasia and collection of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Administration of MFSeI reversed the depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviour and cognitive impairment induced by STZ, in mice. Neurochemical analyses demonstrated that MFSeI reversed the STZ-increased levels of reactive species, nitrite, lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. Moreover, a single administration of MFSeI (300 mg/kg, intra-gastrically) did not cause acute toxicity in Swiss male mice. Altogether, our data suggest that MFSeI exhibits antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects and improves the cognition of STZ-treated mice, without any toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suely Ribeiro Bampi
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Casaril
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Sabedra Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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91
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Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Ravegnini G, Molteni R, Paladini MS, Dias KST, dos Santos AF, Viegas C, Camps I, Pruccoli L, Tarozzi A, Hrelia P. PQM130, a Novel Feruloyl-Donepezil Hybrid Compound, Effectively Ameliorates the Cognitive Impairments and Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:658. [PMID: 31244664 PMCID: PMC6581760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia in older people. The complex nature of AD calls for the development of multitarget agents addressing key pathogenic processes. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is a first-line acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of AD. Although several studies have demonstrated the symptomatic efficacy of donepezil treatment in AD patients, the possible effects of donepezil on the AD process are not yet known. In this study, a novel feruloyl-donepezil hybrid compound (PQM130) was synthesized and evaluated as a multitarget drug candidate against the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 oligomer (AβO) injection in mice. Interestingly, PQM130 had already shown anti-inflammatory activity in different in vivo models and neuroprotective activity in human neuronal cells. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of AβO in mice caused the increase of memory impairment, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Instead, PQM130 (0.5-1 mg/kg) treatment after the i.c.v. AβO injection reduced oxidative damage and neuroinflammation and induced cell survival and protein synthesis through the modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). Moreover, PQM130 increased brain plasticity and protected mice against the decline in spatial cognition. Even more interesting is that PQM130 modulated different pathways compared to donepezil, and it is much more effective in counteracting AβO damage. Therefore, our findings highlighted that PQM130 is a potent multi-functional agent against AD and could act as a promising neuroprotective compound for anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Paladini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Viegas
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ihosvany Camps
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies-QuVi, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies-QuVi, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology–FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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92
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Kim YE, Sung SI, Chang YS, Ahn SY, Sung DK, Park WS. Thrombin Preconditioning Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Severe Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2477. [PMID: 31137455 PMCID: PMC6566845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether thrombin preconditioning of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves paracrine potency and thus the therapeutic efficacy of naïve MSCs against severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Thrombin preconditioning significantly enhances the neuroprotective anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cytotoxic effects of naïve MSCs against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) of cortical neurons in vitro. Severe HIE was induced in vivo using unilateral carotid artery ligation and hypoxia for 2 h and confirmed using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving >40% of ipsilateral hemisphere at postnatal day (P) 7 in newborn rats. Delayed intraventricular transplantation of 1 × 105 thrombin preconditioned but not naïve MSCs at 24 h after hypothermia significantly enhanced observed anti-inflammatory, anti-astroglial, and anti-apoptotic effects and the ensuing brain infarction; behavioral tests, such as cylinder rearing and negative geotaxis tests, were conducted at P42. In summary, thrombin preconditioning of human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs significantly boosted the neuroprotective effects of naïve MSCs against OGD in vitro by enhancing their anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cytotoxic effects, and significantly attenuated the severe HIE-induced brain infarction and improved behavioral function tests in vivo by maximizing their paracrine anti-inflammatory, anti-astroglial, and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Se In Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - So Yoon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
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93
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Ishola IO, Ikuomola BO, Adeyemi OO. Protective role of Spondias mombin leaf and Cola acuminata seed extracts against scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O. Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bukola O. Ikuomola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O. Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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94
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Hirayama S, Iwai T, Higashi E, Nakamura M, Iwamatsu C, Itoh K, Nemoto T, Tanabe M, Fujii H. Discovery of δ Opioid Receptor Full Inverse Agonists and Their Effects on Restraint Stress-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2237-2242. [PMID: 30913383 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclopropylmethyl group in classical δ opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist NTI, BNTX, and NTB was replaced with various electron-withdrawing groups to develop DOR inverse agonists. N-Benzyl NTB derivative SYK-657 was a potent DOR full inverse agonist and its potency was over 10-fold potent than that of a reference compound ICI-174,864. Intraperitoneal administration of SYK-657 induced the short-term memory improving effect in mice without abnormal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Hirayama
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwai
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eika Higashi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Minami Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chiharu Iwamatsu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Itoh
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toru Nemoto
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tanabe
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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95
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Fronza MG, Baldinotti R, Martins MC, Goldani B, Dalberto BT, Kremer FS, Begnini K, Pinto LDS, Lenardão EJ, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Savegnago L. Rational design, cognition and neuropathology evaluation of QTC-4-MeOBnE in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7276. [PMID: 31086208 PMCID: PMC6513848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology characterized by amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary formation, oxidative stress and cholinergic system dysfunction. In this sense, here we report the rational design of a multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) for AD based on virtual screening and bioinformatic analyses, exploring the molecular targets β-secretase (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). After this screening, the compound with higher molecular docking affinity was selected, the 1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxamide(QTC-4-MeOBnE). To further our studies, the protective effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE (0.1 and 1 mg/kg for 20 days) on STZ-induced sporadic AD mice was determined. QTC-4-MeOBnE pretreatment attenuated cognitive and memory deficit induced by STZ in an object recognition test, Y-maze, social recognition test and step-down passive avoidance. The mechanisms underlying this action might be attributed to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and reactive species formation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice submitted to STZ. In addition, QTC-4-MeOBnE pretreatment abolished the up-regulation of AChE activity and the overexpression of GSK 3β and genes involved in amyloid cascade such as BACE-1, protein precursor amyloid, у-secretase, induced by STZ. Moreover, toxicological parameters were not modified by QTC-4-MeOBnE chronic treatment. This evidence suggests that QTC-4-MeOBnE exerts its therapeutic effect through multiple pathways involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Martins
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Goldani
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Thaís Dalberto
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Frederico Schmitt Kremer
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Proteomics - BIOPRO-LAB, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Proteomics - BIOPRO-LAB, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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96
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Jadavji NM, Murray LK, Emmerson JT, Rudyk CA, Hayley S, Smith PD. Paraquat Exposure Increases Oxidative Stress Within the Dorsal Striatum of Male Mice With a Genetic Deficiency in One-carbon Metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2019; 169:25-33. [PMID: 30726997 PMCID: PMC6484892 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is an herbicide that is commonly used worldwide. Exposure to paraquat results in Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms including dopaminergic cell loss. Nutrition has also been linked in the pathogenesis of PD, such as reduced levels of folic acid, a B-vitamin, and component of one-carbon metabolism. Within one-carbon metabolism, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. A polymorphism in MTHFR (677 C&→T) has been reported in 5%-15% of North American and European human populations. The MTHFR polymorphism is also prevalent in PD patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of paraquat-induced PD-like pathology in the context of reduced levels of MTHFR. Three-month-old male Mthfr+/- mice, which model the MTHFR polymorphism observed in humans, were administered intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg) or saline 6 times over 3 weeks. At the end of paraquat treatment, motor and memory function were assessed followed by collection of brain tissue for biochemical analysis. Mthfr+/- mice treated with paraquat showed impaired motor function. There was increased microglial activation within the substantia nigra (SN) of Mthfr+/- mice treated with paraquat. Additionally, all Mthfr+/- mice that were treated with paraquat showed increased oxidative stress within the dorsal striatum, but not the SN. The present results show that paraquat exposure increases PD-like pathology in mice deficient in one-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren K Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua T Emmerson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris A Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrice D Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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97
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Theobromine Improves Working Memory by Activating the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040888. [PMID: 31010016 PMCID: PMC6520707 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theobromine (TB) is a primary methylxanthine found in cacao beans. cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor, which is involved in different brain processes that bring about cellular changes in response to discrete sets of instructions, including the induction of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been strongly implicated in the memory formation of different species as a key regulator of gene expression. Here we investigated whether TB acts on the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway in a way that might improve the cognitive and learning function in rats. Male Wistar rats (5 weeks old) were divided into two groups. For 73 days, the control rats (CN rats) were fed a normal diet, while the TB-fed rats (TB rats) received the same food, but with a 0.05% TB supplement. To assess the effects of TB on cognitive and learning ability in rats: The radial arm maze task, novel object recognition test, and Y-maze test were used. Then, the brain was removed and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was isolated for Western Blot, real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylated CaMKII (p-CaMKII), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), and BDNF level in the mPFC were measured. In all the behavior tests, working memory seemed to be improved by TB ingestion. In addition, p-CaMKII and p-CREB levels were significantly elevated in the mPFC of TB rats in comparison to those of CN rats. We also found that cortical BDNF protein and mRNA levels in TB rats were significantly greater than those in CN rats. These results suggest that orally supplemented TB upregulates the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway in the mPFC, which may then improve working memory in rats.
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98
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Yadav E, Singh D, Debnath B, Rathee P, Yadav P, Verma A. Molecular Docking and Cognitive Impairment Attenuating Effect of Phenolic Compound Rich Fraction of Trianthema portulacastrum in Scopolamine Induced Alzheimer's Disease Like Condition. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1665-1677. [PMID: 30949934 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is considered as the frequent cause of neurodegenerative mental disorder such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) amongst elderly people. Free radicals as well as cholinergic deficit neurons within nucleus basalis magnocellularis demonstrated to attribute with aggregation of β amyloid which further acts as an essential hallmark in AD. Various phenolic phytoconstituents exists in Trianthema portulastrum (TP) leaves have been reported as active against various neurological disorders. The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antiamnesic potential of butanol fraction of TP hydroethanolic extract (BFTP) by utilizing rodent models of elevated plus maze (EPM) and Hebbs William Maze (HWM) along with in vitro and in vivo antioxidant as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition studies. Molecular docking studies were also performed for evaluation of molecular interaction of existed phenolic compounds in BFTP. In vitro antioxidant study revealed concentration dependant strong ability of BFTP to inhibit free radicals. In vitro AChE inhibition study showed competitive type of inhibition kinetics. BFTP significantly reversed (p < 0.005 versus scopolamine) the damaging effect of scopolamine by reducing TL (Transfer Latency) and TRC (Time taken to recognize the reward chamber) in the EPM and HWM, respectively. BFTP also contributed towards increased (p < 0.005 versus scopolamine) enzymatic antioxidant as well as hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) levels. Histological studies also supported the results as BFTP pretreated mice significantly reversed the scopolamine induced histological changes in hippocampal region. Docking studies confirmed chlorogenic acid has the most significant binding affinity towards AChE. This research finding concludes that BFTP could be a beneficial agent for management of cognition and behavioral disorders associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, 211007, India
| | | | - Parth Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Pankajkumar Yadav
- Pharmaceuics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, 211007, India.
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, 211007, India.
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99
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Hariharan A, Jing Y, Collie ND, Zhang H, Liu P. Altered neurovascular coupling and brain arginine metabolism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficient mice. Nitric Oxide 2019; 87:60-72. [PMID: 30877024 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is a key regulator of cerebral blood flow (CBF) dynamics. Mice with eNOS deficiency (eNOS-/-) display age-related increases in amyloid beta in the brain and memory deficits, implicating eNOS dysfunction in the neuropathogenesis and/or development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study systematically investigated behavioural, CBF and brain arginine metabolic profile changes in male and female wildtype (WT) and eNOS-/- mice at 14 months of age. eNOS-/- mice displayed altered behaviour in the Y-maze and open field tests. A real-time microcirculation imager revealed a significant sex difference in the basal CBF and significantly increased perfusion response to whisker stimulations in the Barrel cortex in both male and female eNOS-/- mice relative to their sex-matched WT controls. The treatment of 7-nitroindazole blocked the increased perfusion response to whisker stimulations in eNOS-/- mice. Neurochemically, the most intriguing changes were markedly reduced glutamine levels in both male and female eNOS-/- mice in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, parahippocampal region and cerebellum. These findings demonstrate altered behavioural function, neurovascular coupling and brain arginine metabolism (glutamine in particular) under the condition of eNOS deficiency, which further supports the role of eNOS dysfunction in the AD neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Yu Jing
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Nicola D Collie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand.
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100
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Liao Y, Bae HJ, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Koo B, Jung IH, Kim HM, Park JH, Lew JH, Ryu JH. The Ameliorating Effects of Bee Pollen on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:379-388. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yubeen Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Bokyung Koo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | | | - Jong Hun Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jae Hwan Lew
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
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