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Zhang J, Tang PMK, Zhou Y, Cheng ASL, Yu J, Kang W, To KF. Targeting the Oncogenic FGF-FGFR Axis in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060637. [PMID: 31242658 PMCID: PMC6627225 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most wide-spread malignancies in the world. The oncogenic role of signaling of fibroblast growing factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in gastric tumorigenesis has been gradually elucidated by recent studies. The expression pattern and clinical correlations of FGF and FGFR family members have been comprehensively delineated. Among them, FGF18 and FGFR2 demonstrate the most prominent driving role in gastric tumorigenesis with gene amplification or somatic mutations and serve as prognostic biomarkers. FGF-FGFR promotes tumor progression by crosstalking with multiple oncogenic pathways and this provides a rational therapeutic strategy by co-targeting the crosstalks to achieve synergistic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FGF-FGFR signaling in gastric adenocarcinoma together with the current targeted strategies in aberrant FGF-FGFR activated GC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick M K Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Exploitation of phage display for the development of anti-cancer agents targeting fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways: New strategies to tackle an old challenge. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hanes R, Munthe E, Grad I, Han J, Karlsen I, McCormack E, Meza-Zepeda LA, Stratford EW, Myklebost O. Preclinical Evaluation of the Pan-FGFR Inhibitor LY2874455 in FRS2-Amplified Liposarcoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020189. [PMID: 30795553 PMCID: PMC6406403 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: FGFR inhibition has been proposed as treatment for dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) with amplified FRS2, but we previously only demonstrated transient cytostatic effects when treating FRS2-amplified DDLPS cells with NVP-BGJ398. Methods: Effects of the more potent FGFR inhibitor LY2874455 were investigated in three DDLPS cell lines by measuring effects on cell growth and apoptosis in vitro and also testing efficacy in vivo. Genome, transcriptome and protein analyses were performed to characterize the signaling components in the FGFR pathway. Results: LY2874455 induced a stronger, longer-lasting growth inhibitory effect and moderate level of apoptosis for two cell lines. The third cell line, did not respond to FGFR inhibition, suggesting that FRS2 amplification alone is not sufficient to predict response. Importantly, efficacy of LY2874455 was confirmed in vivo, using an independent FRS2-amplified DDLPS xenograft model. Expression of FRS2 was similar in the responding and non-responding cell lines and we could not find any major difference in downstream FGFR signaling. The only FGF expressed by unstimulated non-responding cells was the intracellular ligand FGF11, whereas the responding cell lines expressed extracellular ligand FGF2. Conclusion: Our study supports LY2874455 as a better therapy than NVP-BGJ398 for FRS2-amplified liposarcoma, and a clinical trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hanes
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Else Munthe
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Iwona Grad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jianhua Han
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ida Karlsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- KinN Therapeutics AS, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eva Wessel Stratford
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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54
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Wu X, Gu Y. Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Genetic Pathophysiology of Craniosynostosis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:298-311. [PMID: 30745822 PMCID: PMC6367540 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis, is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures which is the second most common cranial facial anomalies. The premature cranial sutures leads to deformity of skull shape and restricts the growth of brain, which might elicit severe neurologic damage. Craniosynostosis exhibit close correlations with a varieties of syndromes. During the past two decades, as the appliance of high throughput DNA sequencing techniques, steady progresses has been made in identifying gene mutations in both syndromic and nonsyndromic cases, which allow researchers to better understanding the genetic roles in the development of cranial vault. As the enrichment of known mutations involved in the pathogenic of premature sutures fusion, multiple signaling pathways have been investigated to dissect the underlying mechanisms beneath the disease. In addition to genetic etiology, environment factors, especially mechanics, have also been proposed to have vital roles during the pathophysiological of craniosynostosis. However, the influence of mechanics factors in the cranial development remains largely unknown. In this review, we present a brief overview of the updated genetic mutations and environmental factors identified in both syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Furthermore, potential molecular signaling pathways and its relations have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR. China
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55
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Regeenes R, Silva PN, Chang HH, Arany EJ, Shukalyuk AI, Audet J, Kilkenny DM, Rocheleau JV. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 5 (FGFR5) is a co-receptor for FGFR1 that is up-regulated in beta-cells by cytokine-induced inflammation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17218-17228. [PMID: 30217817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) activity at the plasma membrane is tightly controlled by the availability of co-receptors and competing receptor isoforms. We have previously shown that FGFR1 activity in pancreatic beta-cells modulates a wide range of processes, including lipid metabolism, insulin processing, and cell survival. More recently, we have revealed that co-expression of FGFR5, a receptor isoform that lacks a tyrosine-kinase domain, influences FGFR1 responses. We therefore hypothesized that FGFR5 is a co-receptor to FGFR1 that modulates responses to ligands by forming a receptor heterocomplex with FGFR1. We first show here increased FGFR5 expression in the pancreatic islets of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and also in mouse and human islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines. Using siRNA knockdown, we further report that FGFR5 and FGFR1 expression improves beta-cell survival. Co-immunoprecipitation and quantitative live-cell imaging to measure the molecular interaction between FGFR5 and FGFR1 revealed that FGFR5 forms a mixture of ligand-independent homodimers (∼25%) and homotrimers (∼75%) at the plasma membrane. Interestingly, co-expressed FGFR5 and FGFR1 formed heterocomplexes with a 2:1 ratio and subsequently responded to FGF2 by forming FGFR5/FGFR1 signaling complexes with a 4:2 ratio. Taken together, our findings identify FGFR5 as a co-receptor that is up-regulated by inflammation and promotes FGFR1-induced survival, insights that reveal a potential target for intervention during beta-cell pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romario Regeenes
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9
| | - Pamuditha N Silva
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9
| | - Huntley H Chang
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9
| | - Edith J Arany
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7.,the Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario N6A 6K1
| | - Andrey I Shukalyuk
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9
| | - Julie Audet
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9.,the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5
| | - Dawn M Kilkenny
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9
| | - Jonathan V Rocheleau
- From the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, .,the Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H7, and.,the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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56
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Saucedo L, Rumpel R, Sobarzo C, Schreiner D, Brandes G, Lustig L, Vazquez-Levin MH, Grothe C, Marín-Briggiler C. Deficiency of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) leads to abnormal spermatogenesis and altered sperm physiology. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9640-9651. [PMID: 30054911 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we described the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and its receptors (FGFRs) in human testis and sperm, which are involved in spermatogenesis and in motility regulation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of FGF-2 in the maintenance of sperm physiology using FGF-2 knockout (KO) mice. Our results showed that in wild-type (WT) animals, FGF-2 is expressed in germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium, in epithelial cells of the epididymis, and in the flagellum and acrosomal region of epididymal sperm. In the FGF-2 KO mice, we found alterations in spermatogenesis kinetics, higher numbers of spermatids per testis, and enhanced daily sperm production compared with the WT males. No difference in the percentage of sperm motility was detected, but a significant increase in sperm concentration and in sperm head abnormalities was observed in FGF-2 KO animals. Sperm from KO mice depicted reduced phosphorylation on tyrosine residues (a phenomenon that was associated with sperm capacitation) and increased acrosomal loss after incubation under capacitating conditions. However, the FGF-2 KO males displayed no apparent fertility defects, since their mating with WT females showed no differences in the time to delivery, litter size, and pup weight in comparison with WT males. Overall, our findings suggest that FGF-2 exerts a role in mammalian spermatogenesis and that the lack of FGF-2 leads to dysregulated sperm production and altered sperm morphology and function. FGF-2-deficient mice constitute a model for the study of the complex mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Saucedo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regina Rumpel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cristian Sobarzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dietmar Schreiner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Livia Lustig
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara Marín-Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Du J, Yu Y, Zhan J, Zhang H. Targeted Therapies Against Growth Factor Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1026:125-146. [PMID: 29282682 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent female malignancy throughout the world. Conventional treatment strategies for breast cancer consist of chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, chemoradiation, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Among them, targeted therapies show advantages to reduce cost and toxicity for being possible for individualized treatments based on the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. With deeper understanding of key signaling pathways concerning tumor growth and survival, growth factor-controlled signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated in the development and progression of breast cancer. Thus, targeted therapies against growth factor-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to have promising efficacy in both preclinical animal models and human clinical trials. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that target the main growth factor-modulated scenarios including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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58
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Ghedini GC, Ronca R, Presta M, Giacomini A. Future applications of FGF/FGFR inhibitors in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:861-872. [PMID: 29936878 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1491795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) network occurs frequently in tumors due to gene amplification, activating mutations, and oncogenic fusions. Thus, the development of FGF/FGFR-targeting therapies is the focus of several basic, preclinical, and clinical studies. Areas covered: This review will recapitulate the status of current FGF/FGFR-targeted drugs. Expert commentary: Non-selective FGF/FGFR inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment but evidence highlights various complications affecting their use in the clinical practice. It appears mandatory to identify FGF/FGFR alterations and appropriate biomarkers that may predict and monitor response to treatment, to establish the contribution of the FGF/FGFR system to the onset of mechanisms of drug resistance, and to develop effective combinations of FGF/FGFR inhibitors with other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cristina Ghedini
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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59
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Liu X, Zhang C, Wang C, Sun J, Wang D, Zhao Y, Xu X. miR-210 promotes human osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by targeting FGFRL1. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2229-2236. [PMID: 30008923 PMCID: PMC6036426 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common bone tumor and a frequently occuring cancer-associated threat to children. Notably, the prognosis of osteosarcoma is very poor when it is diagnosed with metastasis. A growing number of studies have indicated that various microRNAs (miRs) serve important regulatory roles in the pathogeny of different types of cancer. However, the functions of miR-210 in osteosarcoma need to be elucidated comprehensively. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential roles of miR-210 in osteosarcoma by targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that the expression of miR-210 was highly elevated while FGFRL1 expression was reduced inversely in osteosarcoma tissues compared with matched normal tissues. The results of Transwell assays showed that miR-210 promoted osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay results suggested that miR-210 could directly bind to FGFRL1 in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the present findings demonstrated that miR-210 could negatively regulate FGFRL1 expression by targeting the 3′untranslated region. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR-210 exerted tumor carcinogenic functions in osteosarcoma by targeting FGFRL1. The findings of this study demonstrated that FGFRL1 was a direct target of miR-210 in osteosarcoma involved in the promoting functions mediated by miR-210 in the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma, suggesting that miR-210/FGFRL1 may be promising for discovering diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the therapies of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Cunhua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong 266400, P.R. China
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60
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Coffin JD, Homer-Bouthiette C, Hurley MM. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 and Its Receptors in Bone Biology and Disease. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:657-671. [PMID: 29942929 PMCID: PMC6009610 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulatory axis is phylogenetically ancient, evolving into a large mammalian/human gene family of 22 ligands that bind to four receptor tyrosine kinases for a complex physiologic system controlling cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. The tissue targets for the primary FGF function are mainly in cartilage and in bone for morphogenesis, mineralization, and metabolism. A multitude of complexities in the FGF ligand-receptor signaling pathways have made translation into therapies for FGF-related bone disorders such as osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis difficult but not impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marja Marie Hurley
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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Takei Y, Matsumura T, Watanabe K, Nakamine H, Sudo T, Shimizu K, Shimada Y. FGFRL1 deficiency reduces motility and tumorigenic potential of cells derived from oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:809-814. [PMID: 29963148 PMCID: PMC6019949 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive cancer that resulted in ~400,000 mortalities worldwide in 2012. It was reported previously that fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) is highly expressed in ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis accordingly. FGFRL1 is an FGFR that lacks tyrosine kinase activity, whereas the activity is critical for other FGFRs to activate intracellular signalling. The mechanism by which FGFRL1 promotes the aggressiveness of ESCCs is unknown. In the present study, two independent FGFRL1-deficient cell lines were generated from human ESCC KYSE520 cells, in order to investigate the relationship of FGFRL1 with the aggressiveness of ESCCs. FGFRL1-deficiency did not affect proliferation of KYSE520 cells in vitro. However, a xenograft mouse model demonstrated that FGFRL1-deficiency decelerated tumour growth in vivo. The haematoxylin-eosin staining identified that FGFRL1-deficient cells formed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, whereas wild-type cells formed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Microarray analysis of mRNA expression revealed that FGFRL1-depletion resulted in decreased expression of proteins associated with motility and invasion of tumour cells, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1. The wound-healing assay indicated that depleting FGFRL1 reduced cell motility. Furthermore, the invasiveness of FGFRL1-deficient cells was lesser than that of wild-type KYSE520 cells. In the FGFRL1-deficient KYSE520 cells, actin filaments around the nucleus were observed sparsely, whereas the filaments along the plasma membranes were observed as frequently as those in the parent KYSE520 cells. These results demonstrate that FGFRL1 may be involved in regulation of protein expression, actin filament assembly and tumorigenic potential of ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumura
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Watanabe
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nakamine
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Japan Baptist Hospital, Kyoto 606-8273, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sudo
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Shimizu
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimada
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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62
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Kähkönen TE, Ivaska KK, Jiang M, Büki KG, Väänänen HK, Härkönen PL. Role of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and FGFR like-1 (FGFRL1) in mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation to osteoblasts and adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:194-204. [PMID: 28923346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate many developmental processes including differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). We developed two MSC lines capable of differentiating to osteoblasts and adipocytes and studied the role of FGFRs in this process. We identified FGFR2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor like-1 (FGFRL1) as possible actors in MSC differentiation with gene microarray and qRT-PCR. FGFR2 and FGFRL1 mRNA expression strongly increased during MSC differentiation to osteoblasts. FGF2 treatment, resulting in downregulation of FGFR2, or silencing FGFR2 expression with siRNAs inhibited osteoblast differentiation. During adipocyte differentiation expression of FGFR1 and FGFRL1 increased and was down-regulated by FGF2. FGFR1 knockdown inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Silencing FGFR2 and FGFR1 in MSCs was associated with decreased FGFRL1 expression in osteoblasts and adipocytes, respectively. Our results suggest that FGFR1 and FGFR2 regulate FGFRL1 expression. FGFRL1 may mediate or modulate FGFR regulation of MSC differentiation together with FGFR2 in osteoblastic and FGFR1 in adipocytic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Kähkönen
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland.
| | - K K Ivaska
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - M Jiang
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - K G Büki
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - H K Väänänen
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - P L Härkönen
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
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63
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Rink JC. Stem Cells, Patterning and Regeneration in Planarians: Self-Organization at the Organismal Scale. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1774:57-172. [PMID: 29916155 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of size and shape remains a fundamental challenge in biological research that planarian flatworms uniquely epitomize. Planarians can regenerate complete and perfectly proportioned animals from tiny and arbitrarily shaped tissue pieces; they continuously renew all organismal cell types from abundant pluripotent stem cells, yet maintain shape and anatomy in the face of constant turnover; they grow when feeding and literally degrow when starving, while scaling form and function over as much as a 40-fold range in body length or an 800-fold change in total cell numbers. This review provides a broad overview of the current understanding of the planarian stem cell system, the mechanisms that pattern the planarian body plan and how the interplay between patterning signals and cell fate choices orchestrates regeneration. What emerges is a conceptual framework for the maintenance and regeneration of the planarian body plan on basis of the interplay between pluripotent stem cells and self-organizing patterns and further, the general utility of planarians as model system for the mechanistic basis of size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen C Rink
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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Liu J, Qian C, Zhu Y, Cai J, He Y, Li J, Wang T, Zhu H, Li Z, Li W, Hu L. Design, synthesis and evaluate of novel dual FGFR1 and HDAC inhibitors bearing an indazole scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:747-757. [PMID: 29317150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both histone deacetylase (HDAC) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) are important targets for cancer therapy. Although combining dual HDAC pharmacophore with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) had achieved a successful progress, dual HDAC/FGFR1 inhibitors haven't been reported yet. Herein, we designed a series of hybrids bearing 1H-indazol-3-amine and benzohydroxamic acids scaffold with scaffold hopping and molecular hybridization strategies. Among them, compound 7j showed the most potent inhibitory activity against HDAC6 with IC50 of 34 nM and exhibited the great inhibitory activities against a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with IC50 of 9 μM in vitro. Meanwhile, the compound also exhibited moderate FGFR1 inhibitory activities. This study provides new tool compounds for further exploration of dual HDAC/FGFR1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengbo Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yehua Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufang He
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Li
- Pharmacy, Nanjing General Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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65
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Maddaluno L, Urwyler C, Werner S. Fibroblast growth factors: key players in regeneration and tissue repair. Development 2017; 144:4047-4060. [PMID: 29138288 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury initiates a complex repair process, which in some organisms can lead to the complete regeneration of a tissue. In mammals, however, the repair of most organs is imperfect and results in scar formation. Both regeneration and repair are orchestrated by a highly coordinated interplay of different growth factors and cytokines. Among the key players are the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which control the migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of different cell types. In addition, FGFs influence the expression of other factors involved in the regenerative response. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the roles of endogenous FGFs in regeneration and repair in different organisms and in different tissues and organs. Gaining a better understanding of these FGF activities is important for appropriate modulation of FGF signaling after injury to prevent impaired healing and to promote organ regeneration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maddaluno
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Urwyler
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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66
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Perez-Garcia J, Muñoz-Couselo E, Soberino J, Racca F, Cortes J. Targeting FGFR pathway in breast cancer. Breast 2017; 37:126-133. [PMID: 29156384 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments in breast cancer biology over the last years have permitted deconstructing the molecular profile of the most relevant breast cancer subtypes. This has led to an increase in therapeutic options, including more effective personalized therapy for breast cancer and substantial improvements in patient outcomes. Although currently there are only a few targeted therapies approved for metastatic breast cancer, the discovery of druggable kinase gene alterations has radically changed cancer treatment by providing novel and successfully actionable drug targets. Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors (FGFRs) participate in different physiologic processes and also play an essential role in cancer cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. This article summarizes the main molecular alterations of FGFRs, as well as the available preclinical and clinical data with FGFR inhibitors in breast cancer, and discusses new opportunities for the clinical development of these agents in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perez-Garcia
- Baselga Institute of Oncology, Quiron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Muñoz-Couselo
- Medical Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Soberino
- Baselga Institute of Oncology, Quiron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Racca
- Baselga Institute of Oncology, Quiron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Cortes
- Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain; Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Baselga Institute of Oncology, Madrid and Barcelona, Spain.
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67
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Zhuang L, Trueb B. Evolution of the fusogenic activity of the receptor FGFRL1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 625-626:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhang X, Chu Q, Guo G, Dong G, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Genome-wide association studies identified multiple genetic loci for body size at four growth stages in Chinese Holstein cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175971. [PMID: 28426785 PMCID: PMC5398616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and maturity of cattle body size affect not only feed efficiency, but also productivity and longevity. Dissecting the genetic architecture of body size is critical for cattle breeding to improve both efficiency and productivity. The volume and weight of body size are indicated by several measurements. Among them, Heart Girth (HG) and Hip Height (HH) are the most important traits. They are widely used as predictors of body weight (BW). Few association studies have been conducted for HG and HH in cattle focusing on single growth stage. In this study, we extended the Genome-wide association studies to a full spectrum of four growth stages (6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-months after birth) in Chinese Holstein heifers. The whole genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from the Illumina BovineSNP50 v2 BeadChip genotyped on 3,325 individuals. Estimated breeding values (EBVs) were derived for both HG and HH at the four different ages and analyzed separately for GWAS by using the Fixed and random model Circuitous Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. In total, 27 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with HG and HH at different growth stages. We found 66 candidate genes located nearby the associated SNPs, including nine genes that were known as highly related to development and skeletal and muscular growth. In addition, biological function analysis was performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and an interaction network related to development was obtained, which contained 16 genes out of the 66 candidates. The set of putative genes provided valuable resources and can help elucidate the genomic architecture and mechanisms underlying growth traits in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ganghui Dong
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xizhi Li
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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69
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Chen TH, Yang SF, Liu YF, Lin WL, Han CP, Wang PH. Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Genetic Polymorphisms With the Development of Uterine Cervical Cancer and Patient Prognosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:86-93. [PMID: 28378614 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117702250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate the relationships among fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) genetic polymorphisms, development of uterine cervical cancer, clinicopathological variables, and patient prognosis in Taiwanese women. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotyping were used to detect the genotype frequencies of 4 FGFR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs351855 (C/T, Gly388Arg), rs2011077 (G/A), rs7708357 (G/A), and rs1966265 (Ile10Val), in 138 patients with invasive cancer, 89 with precancerous lesions of uterine cervix, and 335 normal controls. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the frequencies of FGFR4 SNPs rs351855, rs2011077, rs7708357, and 1966265 between women with cervical invasive cancer and normal controls even after controlling for age. However, significant differences existed in the distributions of the FGFR4 genetic polymorphism rs2011077, when mutant homozygotes (AA) were compared using other genotypes (GG/GA) as a reference, as well as rs1966265, when mutant homozygotes (AA) were compared using GG/GA as a reference, between women with cervical precancerous lesions and normal women even after controlling for age. In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis was associated with cancer recurrence, and lymph node metastasis and FGFR4 rs351855 were associated with patient survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that FGFR4 rs2011077 and rs1966265 are associated with the progression of cervical normal tissues to precancerous lesions in Taiwanese women. Moreover, rs351855 (Gly388Arg) is the only FGFR4 genetic polymorphism that is associated with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Ho Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- 2 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- 5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Han
- 5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- 2 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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70
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Chae YK, Ranganath K, Hammerman PS, Vaklavas C, Mohindra N, Kalyan A, Matsangou M, Costa R, Carneiro B, Villaflor VM, Cristofanilli M, Giles FJ. Inhibition of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway: the current landscape and barriers to clinical application. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16052-16074. [PMID: 28030802 PMCID: PMC5362545 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) is a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that has a fundamental role in many biologic processes including embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that this pathway plays a critical role in oncogenesis via gene amplification, activating mutations, or translocation in tumors of various histologies. With multiplex sequencing technology, the detection of FGFR aberrations has become more common and is tied to cancer cell proliferation, resistance to anticancer therapies, and neoangiogenesis. Inhibition of FGFR signaling appears promising in preclinical studies, suggesting a pathway of clinical interest in the development of targeted therapy. Phase I trials have demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile. Currently, there are multiple FGFR inhibitors under study with many non-selective (multi-kinase) inhibitors demonstrating limited clinical responses. As we progress from the first generation of non-selective drugs to the second generation of selective FGFR inhibitors, it is clear that FGFR aberrations do not behave uniformly across cancer types; thus, a deeper understanding of biomarker strategies is undoubtedly warranted. This review aims to consolidate data from recent clinical trials with a focus on selective FGFR inhibitors. As Phase II clinical trials emerge, concentration on patient selection as it pertains to predicting response to therapy, feasible methods for overcoming toxicity, and the likelihood of combination therapies should be utilized. We will also discuss qualities that may be desirable in future generations of FGFR inhibitors, with the hope that overcoming these current barriers will expedite the availability of this novel class of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keerthi Ranganath
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Christos Vaklavas
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nisha Mohindra
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aparna Kalyan
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Matsangou
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ricardo Costa
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benedito Carneiro
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria M. Villaflor
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis J. Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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71
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DNA methylation map in circulating leukocytes mirrors subcutaneous adipose tissue methylation pattern: a genome-wide analysis from non-obese and obese patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41903. [PMID: 28211912 PMCID: PMC5314866 DOI: 10.1038/srep41903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the epigenetic changes within the obesity-related adipose tissue will provide new insights to understand this metabolic disorder, but adipose tissue is not easy to sample in population-based studies. We aimed to evaluate the capacity of circulating leukocytes to reflect the adipose tissue-specific DNA methylation status of obesity susceptibility. DNA samples isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and circulating leukocytes were hybridized in the Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip. Data were compared between samples from obese (n = 45) and non-obese (n = 8–10) patients by Wilcoxon-rank test, unadjusted for cell type distributions. A global hypomethylation of the differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCpGs) was observed in the obese subcutaneous adipose tissue and leukocytes. The overlap analysis yielded a number of genes mapped by the common DMCpGs that were identified to reflect the obesity state in the leukocytes. Specifically, the methylation levels of FGFRL1, NCAPH2, PNKD and SMAD3 exhibited excellent and statistically significant efficiencies in the discrimination of obesity from non-obesity status (AUC > 0.80; p < 0.05) and a great correlation between both tissues. Therefore, the current study provided new and valuable DNA methylation biomarkers of obesity-related adipose tissue pathogenesis through peripheral blood analysis, an easily accessible and minimally invasive biological material instead of adipose tissue.
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De Luca A, Frezzetti D, Gallo M, Normanno N. FGFR-targeted therapeutics for the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:303-311. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1287173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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73
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Zhuang L, Steinberg F, Trueb B. Receptor FGFRL1 acts as a tumor suppressor in nude mice when overexpressed in HEK 293 Tet-On cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4524-4530. [PMID: 28101211 PMCID: PMC5228123 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with heparin and FGF ligands. In contrast to the classical FGF receptors, FGFR1 to FGFR4, it does not appear to affect cell growth and proliferation. In the present study, an inducible gene expression system was utilized in combination with a xenograft tumor model to investigate the effects of FGFRL1 on cell adhesion and tumor formation. It was determined that recombinant FGFRL1 promotes the adhesion of HEK 293 Tet-On® cells in vitro. Moreover, when such cells are induced to express FGFRL1ΔC they aggregate into huge clusters. If injected into nude mice, the cells form large tumors. Notably, this tumor growth is completely inhibited when the expression of FGFRL1 is induced. The forced expression of FGFRL1 in the tumor tissue may restore contact inhibition, thereby preventing growth of the cells in nude mice. The results of the present study demonstrate that FGFRL1 acts as a tumor suppressor similar to numerous other cell adhesion proteins. It is therefore likely that FGFRL1 functions as a regular cell-cell adhesion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beat Trueb
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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74
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Helsten T, Schwaederle M, Kurzrock R. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in hereditary and neoplastic disease: biologic and clinical implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016. [PMID: 26224133 PMCID: PMC4573649 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are transmembrane growth factor receptors with wide tissue distribution. FGF/FGFR signaling is involved in neoplastic behavior and also development, differentiation, growth, and survival. FGFR germline mutations (activating) can cause skeletal disorders, primarily dwarfism (generally mutations in FGFR3), and craniofacial malformation syndromes (usually mutations in FGFR1 and FGFR2); intriguingly, some of these activating FGFR mutations are also seen in human cancers. FGF/FGFR aberrations reported in cancers are mainly thought to be gain-of-function changes, and several cancers have high frequencies of FGFR alterations, including breast, bladder, or squamous cell carcinomas (lung and head and neck). FGF ligand aberrations (predominantly gene amplifications) are also frequently seen in cancers, in contrast to hereditary syndromes. There are several pharmacologic agents that have been or are being developed for inhibition of FGFR/FGF signaling. These include both highly selective inhibitors as well as multi-kinase inhibitors. Of note, only four agents (ponatinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, and recently lenvatinib) are FDA-approved for use in cancer, although the approval was not based on their activity against FGFR. Perturbations in the FGFR/FGF signaling are present in both inherited and malignant diseases. The development of potent inhibitors targeting FGF/FGFR may provide new tools against disorders caused by FGF/FGFR alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Helsten
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0658, USA.
| | - Maria Schwaederle
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0658, USA.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, MC #0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0658, USA
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Yang X, Steinberg F, Zhuang L, Bessey R, Trueb B. Receptor FGFRL1 does not promote cell proliferation but induces cell adhesion. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:30-8. [PMID: 27220341 PMCID: PMC4899019 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-like protein 1 (FGFRL1) is the most recently discovered member of the FGFR family. Owing to the fact that it interacts with FGF ligands, but lacks the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, several researchers have speculated that it may function as a decoy receptor and exert a negative effect on cell proliferation. In this study, we performed overexpression experiments with TetOn‑inducible cell clones and downregulation experiments with siRNA oligonucleotides, and found that FGFRL1 had absolutely no effect on cell growth and proliferation. Likewise, we did not observe any influence of FGFRL1 on ERK1/2 activation and on the phosphorylation of 250 other signaling proteins analyzed by the Kinexus antibody microarray. On the other hand, with bacterial petri dishes, we observed a clear effect of FGFRL1 on cell adhesion during the initial hours after cell seeding. Our results suggest that FGFRL1 is a cell adhesion protein similar to the nectins rather than a signaling receptor similar to FGFR1-FGFR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Bessey
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Trueb
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
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76
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Agaba M, Ishengoma E, Miller WC, McGrath BC, Hudson CN, Bedoya Reina OC, Ratan A, Burhans R, Chikhi R, Medvedev P, Praul CA, Wu-Cavener L, Wood B, Robertson H, Penfold L, Cavener DR. Giraffe genome sequence reveals clues to its unique morphology and physiology. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11519. [PMID: 27187213 PMCID: PMC4873664 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The origins of giraffe's imposing stature and associated cardiovascular adaptations are unknown. Okapi, which lacks these unique features, is giraffe's closest relative and provides a useful comparison, to identify genetic variation underlying giraffe's long neck and cardiovascular system. The genomes of giraffe and okapi were sequenced, and through comparative analyses genes and pathways were identified that exhibit unique genetic changes and likely contribute to giraffe's unique features. Some of these genes are in the HOX, NOTCH and FGF signalling pathways, which regulate both skeletal and cardiovascular development, suggesting that giraffe's stature and cardiovascular adaptations evolved in parallel through changes in a small number of genes. Mitochondrial metabolism and volatile fatty acids transport genes are also evolutionarily diverged in giraffe and may be related to its unusual diet that includes toxic plants. Unexpectedly, substantial evolutionary changes have occurred in giraffe and okapi in double-strand break repair and centrosome functions. Giraffe's unique anatomy and physiology include its stature and associated cardiovascular adaptation. Here, Douglas Cavener and colleagues provide de novo genome assemblies of giraffe and its closest relative okapi and provide comparative analyses to infer insights into evolution and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Agaba
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha 4222, Tanzania.,Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi GPO00100, Kenya.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Edson Ishengoma
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha 4222, Tanzania
| | - Webb C Miller
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Barbara C McGrath
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Chelsea N Hudson
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Oscar C Bedoya Reina
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Rico Burhans
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Rayan Chikhi
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul Medvedev
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Craig A Praul
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Lan Wu-Cavener
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Brendan Wood
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas R Cavener
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha 4222, Tanzania.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Hallinan N, Finn S, Cuffe S, Rafee S, O’Byrne K, Gately K. Targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor family in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 46:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Berardi R, Morgese F, Torniai M, Savini A, Partelli S, Rinaldi S, Caramanti M, Ferrini C, Falconi M, Cascinu S. Medical treatment for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:389-401. [PMID: 27096034 PMCID: PMC4824717 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) represents a various family of rare tumours. Surgery is the first choice in GEP-NENs patients with localized disease whilst in the metastatic setting many other treatment options are available. Somatostatin analogues are indicated for symptoms control in functioning tumours. Furthermore they may be effective to inhibit tumour progression. GEP-NENs pathogenesis has been extensively studied in the last years therefore several driver mutations pathway genes have been identified as crucial factors in their tumourigenesis. GEP-NENs can over-express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic-fibroblastic growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF-α and -β), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors PDGF receptor, IGF-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, VEGF receptor, and c-kit (stem cell factor receptor) that can be considered as potential targets. The availability of new targeted agents, such as everolimus and sunitinib that are effective in advanced and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, has provided new treatment opportunities. Many trials combing new drugs are ongoing.
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Cell–cell fusion induced by the Ig3 domain of receptor FGFRL1 in CHO cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2273-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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81
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Niu T, Liu N, Zhao M, Xie G, Zhang L, Li J, Pei YF, Shen H, Fu X, He H, Lu S, Chen XD, Tan LJ, Yang TL, Guo Y, Leo PJ, Duncan EL, Shen J, Guo YF, Nicholson GC, Prince RL, Eisman JA, Jones G, Sambrook PN, Hu X, Das PM, Tian Q, Zhu XZ, Papasian CJ, Brown MA, Uitterlinden AG, Wang YP, Xiang S, Deng HW. Identification of a novel FGFRL1 MicroRNA target site polymorphism for bone mineral density in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4710-27. [PMID: 25941324 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators. Based on a previous genome-wide association (GWA) scan, we conducted a polymorphism in microRNA target sites (poly-miRTS)-centric multistage meta-analysis for lumbar spine (LS)-, total hip (HIP)- and femoral neck (FN)-bone mineral density (BMD). In stage I, 41 102 poly-miRTSs were meta-analyzed in seven cohorts with a genome-wide significance (GWS) α = 0.05/41 102 = 1.22 × 10(-6). By applying α = 5 × 10(-5) (suggestive significance), 11 poly-miRTSs were selected, with FGFRL1 rs4647940 and PRR5 rs3213550 as top signals for FN-BMD (P = 7.67 × 10(-6) and 1.58 × 10(-5)) in gender-combined sample. In stage II in silico replication (two cohorts), FGFRL1 rs4647940 was the only signal marginally replicated for FN-BMD (P = 5.08 × 10(-3)) at α = 0.10/11 = 9.09 × 10(-3). PRR5 rs3213550 was also selected based on biological significance. In stage III de novo genotyping replication (two cohorts), FGFRL1 rs4647940 was the only signal significantly replicated for FN-BMD (P = 7.55 × 10(-6)) at α = 0.05/2 = 0.025 in gender-combined sample. Aggregating three stages, FGFRL1 rs4647940 was the single stage I-discovered and stages II- and III-replicated signal attaining GWS for FN-BMD (P = 8.87 × 10(-12)). Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that FGFRL1 3' untranslated region harboring rs4647940 appears to be hsa-miR-140-5p's target site. In a zebrafish microinjection experiment, dre-miR-140-5p is shown to exert a dramatic impact on craniofacial skeleton formation. Taken together, we provided functional evidence for a novel FGFRL1 poly-miRTS rs4647940 in a previously known 4p16.3 locus, and experimental and clinical genetics studies have shown both FGFRL1 and hsa-miR-140-5p are important for bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Niu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA, Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hao He
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Paul J Leo
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jie Shen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fang Guo
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | - Richard L Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Philip N Sambrook
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Partha M Das
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xue-Zhen Zhu
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Christopher J Papasian
- Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and , Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China,
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China,
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82
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Zhuang L, Bluteau G, Trueb B. Phylogenetic analysis of receptor FgfrL1 shows divergence of the C-terminal end in rodents. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 186:43-50. [PMID: 25934085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
FGFRL1 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family. Similar to the classical receptors FGFR1-FGFR4, it contains three extracellular Ig-like domains and a single transmembrane domain. However, it lacks the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain that would be required for signal transduction, but instead contains a short intracellular tail with a peculiar histidine-rich motif. This motif has been conserved during evolution from mollusks to echinoderms and vertebrates. Only the sequences of FgfrL1 from a few rodents diverge at the C-terminal region from the canonical sequence, as they appear to have suffered a frameshift mutation within the histidine-rich motif. This mutation is observed in mouse, rat and hamster, but not in the closely related rodents mole rat (Nannospalax) and jerboa (Jaculus), suggesting that it has occurred after branching of the Muridae and Cricetidae from the Dipodidae and Spalacidae. The consequence of the frameshift is a deletion of a few histidine residues and an extension of the C-terminus by about 40 unrelated amino acids. A similar frameshift mutation has also been observed in a human patient with a craniosynostosis syndrome as well as in several patients with colorectal cancer and bladder tumors, suggesting that the histidine-rich motif is prone to mutation. The reason why this motif was conserved during evolution in most species, but not in mice, is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bluteau
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Trueb
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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83
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:215-66. [PMID: 25772309 PMCID: PMC4393358 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1333] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The signaling component of the mammalian Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family is comprised of eighteen secreted proteins that interact with four signaling tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). Interaction of FGF ligands with their signaling receptors is regulated by protein or proteoglycan cofactors and by extracellular binding proteins. Activated FGFRs phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues that mediate interaction with cytosolic adaptor proteins and the RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, and STAT intracellular signaling pathways. Four structurally related intracellular non-signaling FGFs interact with and regulate the family of voltage gated sodium channels. Members of the FGF family function in the earliest stages of embryonic development and during organogenesis to maintain progenitor cells and mediate their growth, differentiation, survival, and patterning. FGFs also have roles in adult tissues where they mediate metabolic functions, tissue repair, and regeneration, often by reactivating developmental signaling pathways. Consistent with the presence of FGFs in almost all tissues and organs, aberrant activity of the pathway is associated with developmental defects that disrupt organogenesis, impair the response to injury, and result in metabolic disorders, and cancer. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
- *
Correspondence to:
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto UniversitySakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Tiseo M, Gelsomino F, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Bozzetti C, De Giorgi AM, Petronini PG, Ardizzoni A. FGFR as potential target in the treatment of squamous non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:527-39. [PMID: 25959741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer patients remain scarce because no druggable targets have been identified so far. Aberrant signaling by FGFs (fibroblast growth factors) and FGFRs (fibroblast growth factors receptors) has been implicated in several human cancers and, particularly, in squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FGFR gene amplifications, somatic missense mutations, chromosomal translocations are the most frequent mechanisms able to induce aberrant activation of this pathway. Data from literature have established that the presence of an aberrant FGFR signaling has to be considered a possible negative prognostic factor but predictive of potential sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. In the last years, clinical research efforts allowed to identify and evaluate promising FGFR inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, non-selective or selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review summarizes the current knowledge about FGFR alterations in NSCLC and the relative inhibitors in development, in particular in squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Tiseo
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bozzetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 polymorphism is associated with liver cirrhosis in hepatocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122961. [PMID: 25860955 PMCID: PMC4393280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) polymorphisms are positively correlated with tumor progression in numerous malignant tumors. However, the association between FGFR4 genetic variants and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated the potential associations of FGFR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with HCC susceptibility and its clinicopathological characteristics. Methodology/Principal Findings Four SNPs in FGFR4 (rs1966265, rs351855, rs2011077, and rs7708357) were analyzed among 884 participants, including 595 controls and 289 patients with HCC. The samples were further analyzed to clarify the associations between these gene polymorphisms and the risk of HCC, and the impact of these SNPs on the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. After adjusting for other covariants, HCC patients who carrying at least one A genotype (GA and AA) at rs351855 were observed to have a higher risk of liver cirrhosis compared with those carrying the wild-type genotype (GG) (OR: 2.113, 95% CI: 1.188–3.831). Moreover, the patients with at least one A genotype were particularly showed a high level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Conclusions Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphism in FGFR4 rs351855 may be associated with the risk of HCC coupled with liver cirrhosis and may markedly increase the AFP level in Taiwanese patients with HCC. In addition, this is the first study that evaluated the risk factors associated with FGFR4 polymorphism variants in Taiwanese patients with HCC.
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Vita FD, Martino ND, Fabozzi A, Laterza MM, Ventriglia J, Savastano B, Petrillo A, Gambardella V, Sforza V, Marano L, Auricchio A, Galizia G, Ciardiello F, Orditura M. Clinical management of advanced gastric cancer: the role of new molecular drugs. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14537-58. [PMID: 25356019 PMCID: PMC4209522 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm and the second leading cause of death for cancer in Western countries with more than 20000 new cases yearly diagnosed in the United States. Surgery represents the main approach for this disease but, notwithstanding the advances in surgical techniques, we observed a minimal improvement in terms of overall survival with a significant increasing of relapsing disease rates. Despite the development of new drugs has significantly improved the effectiveness of chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma remains poor. Recently, several molecular target agents have been investigated; in particular, trastuzumab represents the first target molecule showing improvements in overall survival in human epithelial growth factor 2-positive gastric cancer patients. New molecules targeting vascular epithelial growth factor, mammalian target of rapamycin, and anti hepatocyte growth factor-c-Met pathway are also under investigation, with interesting results. Anyway, it seems necessary to select more accurately the population to treat with new agents by the identification of new biomarkers in order to optimize the results. In this paper we review the actual "scenario" of targeted treatments, also focusing on the new agents in development for gastric cancer and gastro-esophageal carcinoma, discussing their efficacy and potential applications in clinical practice.
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87
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Donnard E, Asprino PF, Correa BR, Bettoni F, Koyama FC, Navarro FC, Perez RO, Mariadason J, Sieber OM, Strausberg RL, Simpson AJ, Jardim DL, Reis LFL, Parmigiani RB, Galante PA, Camargo AA. Mutational analysis of genes coding for cell surface proteins in colorectal cancer cell lines reveal novel altered pathways, druggable mutations and mutated epitopes for targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9199-213. [PMID: 25193853 PMCID: PMC4253428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We carried out a mutational analysis of 3,594 genes coding for cell surface proteins (Surfaceome) in 23 colorectal cancer cell lines, searching for new altered pathways, druggable mutations and mutated epitopes for targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. A total of 3,944 somatic non-synonymous substitutions and 595 InDels, occurring in 2,061 (57%) Surfaceome genes were catalogued. We identified 48 genes not previously described as mutated in colorectal tumors in the TCGA database, including genes that are mutated and expressed in >10% of the cell lines (SEMA4C, FGFRL1, PKD1, FAM38A, WDR81, TMEM136, SLC36A1, SLC26A6, IGFLR1). Analysis of these genes uncovered important roles for FGF and SEMA4 signaling in colorectal cancer with possible therapeutic implications. We also found that cell lines express on average 11 druggable mutations, including frequent mutations (>20%) in the receptor tyrosine kinases AXL and EPHA2, which have not been previously considered as potential targets for colorectal cancer. Finally, we identified 82 cell surface mutated epitopes, however expression of only 30% of these epitopes was detected in our cell lines. Notwithstanding, 92% of these epitopes were expressed in cell lines with the mutator phenotype, opening new venues for the use of "general" immune checkpoint drugs in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Donnard
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação do Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Asprino
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna R. Correa
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Bettoni
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Koyama
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio C.P. Navarro
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação do Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. Perez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Angelita & Joaquim Gama, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Mariadason
- Oncogenic Transcription Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oliver M. Sieber
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Denis L.F. Jardim
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro A.F. Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anamaria A. Camargo
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
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88
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Amann R, Wyder S, Slavotinek AM, Trueb B. The FgfrL1 receptor is required for development of slow muscle fibers. Dev Biol 2014; 394:228-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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89
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Targeted disruption of the intracellular domain of receptor FgfrL1 in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105210. [PMID: 25126760 PMCID: PMC4134281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FgfrL1 is the fifth member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr) family. Studies with FgfrL1 deficient mice have demonstrated that the gene plays an important role during embryonic development. FgfrL1 knock-out mice die at birth as they have a malformed diaphragm and lack metanephric kidneys. Similar to the classical Fgfrs, the FgfrL1 protein contains an extracellular part composed of three Ig-like domains that interact with Fgf ligands and heparin. However, the intracellular part of FgfrL1 is not related to the classical receptors and does not possess any tyrosine kinase activity. Curiously enough, the amino acid sequence of this domain is barely conserved among different species, with the exception of three motifs, namely a dileucine peptide, a tandem tyrosine-based motif YXXΦ and a histidine-rich sequence. To investigate the function of the intracellular domain of FgfrL1, we have prepared genetically modified mice that lack the three conserved sequence motifs, but instead contain a GFP cassette (FgfrL1ΔC-GFP). To our surprise, homozygous FgfrL1ΔC-GFP knock-in mice are viable, fertile and phenotypically normal. They do not exhibit any alterations in the diaphragm or the kidney, except for a slight reduction in the number of glomeruli that does not appear to affect life expectancy. In addition, the pancreas of both FgfrL1ΔC-GFP knock-in and FgfrL1 knock-out mice do not show any disturbances in the production of insulin, in contrast to what has been suggested by recent studies. Thus, the conserved motifs of the intracellular FgfrL1 domain are dispensable for organogenesis and normal life. We conclude that the extracellular domain of the protein must conduct the vital functions of FgfrL1.
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90
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Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) regulate important biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation during development and tissue repair. Over the past decades, numerous pathological conditions and developmental syndromes have emerged as a consequence of deregulation in the FGFRs signaling network. This review aims to provide an overview of FGFR family, their complex signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, and the current development and application of therapeutics targeting the FGFRs signaling for treatment of refractory human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Yen Mah
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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91
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Amann R, Trueb B. Evidence that the novel receptor FGFRL1 signals indirectly via FGFR1. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:983-8. [PMID: 24026051 PMCID: PMC3820611 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-like protein 1 (FGFRL1) is a recently discovered member of the FGF receptor (FGFR) family. Similar to the classical FGFRs, it contains three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and interacts with FGF ligands. However, in contrast to the classical receptors, it does not contain any intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and consequently cannot signal by transphosphorylation. In mouse kidneys, FgfrL1 is expressed primarily at embryonic stages E14–E15 in regions where nascent nephrons develop. In this study, we used whole-mount in situ hybridization to show the spatial pattern of five different Fgfrs in the developing mouse kidney. We compared the expression pattern of FgfrL1 with that of other Fgfrs. The expression pattern of FgfrL1 closely resembled that of Fgfr1, but clearly differed from that of Fgfr2–Fgfr4. It is therefore conceivable that FgfrL1 signals indirectly via Fgfr1. The mechanisms by which FgfrL1 affects the activity of Fgfr1 remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Amann
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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92
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Expression analysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophagus 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10388-013-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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93
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Trueb B, Amann R, Gerber SD. Role of FGFRL1 and other FGF signaling proteins in early kidney development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2505-18. [PMID: 23112089 PMCID: PMC11114036 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney develops from the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. In mice, the ureteric bud invades the metanephric mesenchyme at day E10.5 and begins to branch. The tips of the ureteric bud induce the metanephric mesenchyme to condense and form the cap mesenchyme. Some cells of this cap mesenchyme undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and differentiate into renal vesicles, which further develop into nephrons. The developing kidney expresses Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 20 and Fgf receptors Fgfr1 and Fgfr2. Fgf7 and Fgf10, mainly secreted by the metanephric mesenchyme, bind to Fgfr2b of the ureteric bud and induce branching. Fgfr1 and Fgfr2c are required for formation of the metanephric mesenchyme, however the two receptors can substitute for one another. Fgf8, secreted by renal vesicles, binds to Fgfr1 and supports survival of cells in the nascent nephrons. Fgf9 and Fgf20, expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme, are necessary to maintain survival of progenitor cells in the cortical region of the kidney. FgfrL1 is a novel member of the Fgfr family that lacks the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. It is expressed in the ureteric bud and all nephrogenic structures. Targeted deletion of FgfrL1 leads to severe kidney dysgenesis due to the lack of renal vesicles. FgfrL1 is known to interact mainly with Fgf8. It is therefore conceivable that FgfrL1 restricts signaling of Fgf8 to the precise location of the nascent nephrons. It might also promote tight adhesion of cells in the condensed metanephric mesenchyme as required for the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Trueb
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, Bern, Switzerland.
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94
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Belov AA, Mohammadi M. Molecular mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor signaling in physiology and pathology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a015958. [PMID: 23732477 PMCID: PMC3660835 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) signal in a paracrine or endocrine fashion to mediate a myriad of biological activities, ranging from issuing developmental cues, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and regulating metabolic processes. FGFs carry out their diverse functions by binding and dimerizing FGF receptors (FGFRs) in a heparan sulfate (HS) cofactor- or Klotho coreceptor-assisted manner. The accumulated wealth of structural and biophysical data in the past decade has transformed our understanding of the mechanism of FGF signaling in human health and development, and has provided novel concepts in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. Among these contributions are the elucidation of HS-assisted receptor dimerization, delineation of the molecular determinants of ligand-receptor specificity, tyrosine kinase regulation, receptor cis-autoinhibition, and tyrosine trans-autophosphorylation. These structural studies have also revealed how disease-associated mutations highjack the physiological mechanisms of FGFR regulation to contribute to human diseases. In this paper, we will discuss the structurally and biophysically derived mechanisms of FGF signaling, and how the insights gained may guide the development of therapies for treatment of a diverse array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur A Belov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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95
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Silva PN, Altamentova SM, Kilkenny DM, Rocheleau JV. Fibroblast growth factor receptor like-1 (FGFRL1) interacts with SHP-1 phosphatase at insulin secretory granules and induces beta-cell ERK1/2 protein activation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17859-70. [PMID: 23640895 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFRL1 is a newly identified member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family expressed in adult pancreas. Unlike canonical FGFRs that initiate signaling via tyrosine kinase domains, the short intracellular sequence of FGFRL1 consists of a putative Src homology domain-2 (SH2)-binding motif adjacent to a histidine-rich C terminus. As a consequence of nonexistent kinase domains, FGFRL1 has been postulated to act as a decoy receptor to inhibit canonical FGFR ligand-induced signaling. In pancreatic islet beta-cells, canonical FGFR1 signaling affects metabolism and insulin processing. This study determined beta-cell expression of FGFRL1 as well as consequent effects on FGFR1 signaling and biological responses. We confirmed FGFRL1 expression at the plasma membrane and within distinct intracellular granules of both primary beta-cells and βTC3 cells. Fluorescent protein-tagged FGFRL1 (RL1) induced a significant ligand-independent increase in MAPK signaling. Removal of the histidine-rich domain (RL1-ΔHis) or entire intracellular sequence (RL1-ΔC) resulted in greater retention at the plasma membrane and significantly reduced ligand-independent ERK1/2 responses. The SHP-1 phosphatase was identified as an RL1-binding substrate. Point mutation of the SH2-binding motif reduced the ability of FGFRL1 to bind SHP-1 and activate ERK1/2 but did not affect receptor localization to insulin secretory granules. Finally, overexpression of RL1 increased cellular insulin content and matrix adhesion. Overall, these data suggest that FGFRL1 does not function as a decoy receptor in beta-cells, but rather it enhances ERK1/2 signaling through association of SHP-1 with the receptor's intracellular SH2-binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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96
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Xu R, Rudd TR, Hughes AJ, Siligardi G, Fernig DG, Yates EA. Analysis of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling network with heparin as coreceptor: evidence for the expansion of the core FGFR signalling network. FEBS J 2013; 280:2260-70. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Xu
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; UK
| | | | | | | | - David G. Fernig
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; UK
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology; University of Liverpool; UK
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97
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Matsuo I, Kimura-Yoshida C. Extracellular modulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling through heparan sulfate proteoglycans in mammalian development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:399-407. [PMID: 23465883 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling plays crucial roles in multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration during mammalian embryogenesis. In the extracellular matrix, as well as at the cell surface, the movement of FGF ligands to target cells and the subsequent complex formations with their receptors are positively and negatively controlled extracellularly by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as syndecans, glypicans, and perlecan. Additionally, spreading of HSPGs by cleavage with sheddases such as proteinases and heparanases, and the overall length and sulfation level of specific heparan sulfate structures further generate a great diversity of FGF signaling outcomes. This review presents our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of FGF signaling in extracellular spaces through HSPGs in mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
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98
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Dieci MV, Arnedos M, Andre F, Soria JC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors as a cancer treatment: from a biologic rationale to medical perspectives. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:264-79. [PMID: 23418312 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in many physiologic processes, including embryogenesis, adult tissue homeostasis, and wound healing, by orchestrating angiogenesis. Ligand-independent and ligand-dependent activation have been implicated in a broad range of human malignancies and promote cancer progression in tumors driven by FGF/FGFR oncogenic mutations or amplifications, tumor neoangiogenesis, and targeted treatment resistance, thereby supporting a strong rationale for anti-FGF/FGFR agent development. Efforts are being pursued to develop selective approaches for use against this pathway by optimizing the management of emerging, class-specific toxicity profiles and correctly designing clinical trials to address these different issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Breast Cancer Unit, INSERM Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
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99
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Misceo D, Barøy T, Helle J, Braaten Ø, Fannemel M, Frengen E. 1.5Mb deletion of chromosome 4p16.3 associated with postnatal growth delay, psychomotor impairment, epilepsy, impulsive behavior and asynchronous skeletal development. Gene 2012; 507:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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100
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A Decade of FGF Receptor Research in Bladder Cancer: Past, Present, and Future Challenges. Adv Urol 2012; 2012:429213. [PMID: 22899908 PMCID: PMC3415141 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) orchestrate a variety of cellular functions by binding to their transmembrane tyrosine-kinase receptors (FGFRs) and activating downstream signalling pathways, including RAS/MAPK, PLCγ1, PI3K, and STATs. In the last ten years, it has become clear that FGF signalling is altered in a high proportion of bladder tumours. Activating mutations and/or overexpression of FGFR3 are common in urothelial tumours with low malignant potential and low-stage and -grade urothelial carcinomas (UCs) and are associated with a lower risk of progression and better survival in some subgroups. FGFR1 is not mutated in UC, but overexpression is frequent in all grades and stages and recent data indicate a role in urothelial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that FGFR inhibition has cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effects in FGFR-dependent bladder cancer cells and FGFR-targeted agents are currently being investigated in clinical studies for the treatment of UC. Urine-based tests detecting common FGFR3 mutations are also under development for surveillance of low-grade and -stage tumours and for general population screening. Overall, FGFRs hold promise as therapeutic targets, diagnostic and prognostic markers, and screening tools for early detection and clinical management of UC.
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