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Petroni ML, Caletti MT, Dalle Grave R, Bazzocchi A, Aparisi Gómez MP, Marchesini G. Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity in Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1302. [PMID: 31181771 PMCID: PMC6627872 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is referred to as the combination of obesity with low skeletal muscle mass and function. However, its definition and diagnosis is debated. SO represents a sizable risk factor for the development of disability, possibly with a worse prognosis in women. The present narrative review summarizes the current evidence on pharmacological, nutrition and exercise strategies on the prevention and/or treatment of SO in middle-aged and older-aged women. A literature search was carried out in Medline and Google Scholar between 29th January and 14th March 2019. Only controlled intervention studies on mid-age and older women whose focus was on the prevention and/or treatment of sarcopenia associated with obesity were included. Resistance training (RT) appears effective in the prevention of all components of SO in women, resulting in significant improvements in muscular mass, strength, and functional capacity plus loss of fat mass, especially when coupled with hypocaloric diets containing at least 0.8 g/kg body weight protein. Correction of vitamin D deficit has a favorable effect on muscle mass. Treatment of SO already established is yet unsatisfactory, although intense and prolonged RT, diets with higher (1.2 g/kg body weight) protein content, and soy isoflavones all look promising. However, further confirmatory research and trials combining different approaches are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Petroni
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, "Alma Mater" University, via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria T Caletti
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, "Alma Mater" University, via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, via Monte Baldo 89, 37016 Garda (VR), Italy.
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria P Aparisi Gómez
- Department of Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Park Road, Grafton, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, "Alma Mater" University, via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Kemmler W, von Stengel S. Response to the letter of Stoellberger et al. “Acute myopathy as a side effect of electromyostimulation”. Wien Med Wochenschr 2019; 169:183-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernández-González V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of whole-body ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION on health and performance: a systematic review. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:87. [PMID: 31014310 PMCID: PMC6480820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body electrical myostimulation (WB-EMS) is a relatively recent training methodology that has been extraordinarily used in recent years. However, there is a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of WB-EMS in the situations in which its use has been largely popularized. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects produced by WB-EMS. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane was performed to identify all the studies that have applied electrical stimulation in lower and upper limbs simultaneously and that have clearly presented their protocols for the training and application of the stimulation. The last search was performed on September 9, 2018. Studies written in English or German were included. RESULTS A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Guide for Systematic Reviews. Nineteen studies analyzed the chronic effects of WB-EMS, and 2 analyzed acute effects with a total of 505 subjects (310 men and 195 women). In total, 35% were moderately trained, and 65% were sedentary subjects. Different dependent variables were studied, such as anthropometric parameters, strength parameters, energy expenditure, psychophysiological parameters and blood parameters. There is a lack of randomized controlled studies, and the studies included exhibit a moderate to high level of risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited number of available studies on WB-EMS, the scarce amount of scientific evidence found does not allow definitive conclusions about its effects; therefore, future studies about WB-EMS are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Vicenç Hernández-González
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Reverter-Masia
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Dote-Montero M, Gutiérrez Á, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ. Changes in Physical Fitness After 12 Weeks of Structured Concurrent Exercise Training, High Intensity Interval Training, or Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Training in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 31105580 PMCID: PMC6492765 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of different exercise training modalities [(i) a concurrent training based on physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR group), (ii) a high intensity interval training group (HIIT group), and (iii) a high intensity interval training adding whole-body electromyostimulation group (WB-EMS group)] on physical fitness in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 89 (52.7% women) middle-aged sedentary adults (53.7 ± 5.1 years old) were enrolled in the FIT-AGING study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a maximum treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. Lower, upper, and core body muscular strength were assessed by an isokinetic strength test, by the handgrip strength test, and by several core strength endurance tests, respectively. All the exercise types induced similar increases on cardiorespiratory fitness (Δ VO2max ≥ 11%, Δ maximal heart rate ≥ 8%, and Δ total test duration ≥ 14%; all P ≤ 0.034), as well as on muscular strength (Δ extension and flexion peak torque ≥ 10%, Δ total hand grip ≥ 3%, Δ core strength endurance tests ≥ 20%; all P ≤ 0.050) compared with a control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that a 12-week structured exercise intervention improves physical fitness regardless of the training program in sedentary middle-aged adults. Despite slightly greater improvements in some physical fitness variables, the changes observed in the WB-EMS group were not superior to the other exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Dote-Montero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Amaro‐Gahete FJ, De‐la‐O A, Jurado‐Fasoli L, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á. Effects of different exercise training programs on body composition: A randomized control trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:968-979. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Alejandro De‐la‐O
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado‐Fasoli
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Sanchez-Delgado G, Robles-Gonzalez L, Jurado-Fasoli L, Ruiz JR, Gutierrez A. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Performance-Related Parameters in Runners. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1576. [PMID: 30483147 PMCID: PMC6242945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the effects of a 6-session (one per week) WB-EMS training intervention on maximum oxygen uptake, aerobic and gas exchange thresholds, running economy, and muscular power in male recreational runners. Twelve men were randomized into WB-EMS intervention (n = 6; 27.0 ± 7.5 years; 70.1 ± 11.1 kg; 1.75 ± 0.5 m) or control (n = 6; 27.0 ± 6.1 years; 73.6 ± 3.4 kg; 1.77 ± 0.3 m). The WB-EMS group reduced the running training frequency to one per week and followed one WB-EMS training session per week during 6 weeks. Participants in the control group maintained their usual running endurance training. Each participant completed four assessments: physiological parameters [(i) VO2max, aerobic and gas exchange threshold values, and (ii) running economy at two intensities], muscular power (vertical jump), and anthropometric parameters both at baseline and after the intervention. Participants in the WB-EMS group improved VO2max, aerobic and gas exchange threshold values, running economy, and vertical jump (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. There, WB-EMS seems to be an effective training methodology leading to improvements in performance during endurance training volume reduction in male recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Robles-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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57
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Weissenfels A, Teschler M, Willert S, Hettchen M, Fröhlich M, Kleinöder H, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Kemmler W. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on chronic nonspecific low back pain in adults: a randomized controlled study. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1949-1957. [PMID: 30288089 PMCID: PMC6160275 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s164904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent chronic conditions worldwide. Data from a recent meta-analysis indicated that whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a time-effective, joint-friendly, and highly individualized training technology, demonstrated promising effects on LBP; however, methodologic limitations prevent definitive evidence for this result. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled WB-EMS trial to determine the corresponding effect on chronic, nonspecific LBP in people with chronic LBP. Patients and methods Thirty LBP patients, 40-70 years old, were randomly assigned into two groups (WB-EMS: 15; control [CG]: 15). While the nonactive CG maintained their lifestyle, the WB-EMS group completed a 12-week WB-EMS protocol (1×20 min/week) with slight movements, specifically dedicated to LBP. Pain intensity and frequency were determined by a 4-week pain diary before and during the last 4 weeks of intervention. Primary study endpoint was average pain intensity at the lumbar spine. Results At baseline, no group differences apart from nonregular exercise were observed. Mean intensity of LBP decreased significantly in the WB-EMS group (P=0.002) and remained unchanged in the CG (P=0.730), with a significant difference between both groups (P=0.027). Maximum isometric trunk extensors improved significantly in the WB-EMS group (P=0.005), while no significant difference was seen in the CG (P=0.683). In contrast to the significant difference between WB-EMS group and CG for the latter parameter (P=0.038), no intergroup difference was determined for maximum isometric trunk flexors (P=0.091). The WB-EMS group showed a significant increase of this parameter (P=0.003), while no significant change was determined in the CG (P=0.563). Conclusion WB-EMS is a time-effective training method for reducing chronic nonspecific LBP and increasing maximum trunk strength in people with such complaints. After this promising comparison with a nonactive CG, research needs to be extended to include comparisons with active groups (WB-Vibration, conventional back strengthening).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Marc Teschler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Michael Hettchen
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,
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Kemmler W, Grimm A, Bebenek M, Kohl M, von Stengel S. Effects of Combined Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Protein Supplementation on Local and Overall Muscle/Fat Distribution in Older Men with Sarcopenic Obesity: The Randomized Controlled Franconia Sarcopenic Obesity (FranSO) Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:266-277. [PMID: 29675640 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of the project was to determine the combined effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and protein supplements on local and overall muscle/fat distribution in older man with sarcopenic obesity (SO). Community-dwelling (cdw) men ≥ 70 years with SO were randomly allocated to a WB-EMS and protein supplementation (n = 33) or a non-intervention control group (CG: n = 34). WB-EMS was conducted 1.5 sessions of 20 min/week for 16 weeks. Whey protein supplementation aimed to ensure a daily intake of 1.8 g/kg body mass. The primary study endpoint was muscle/fat distribution of the total intra-fascial volume of the mid-thigh as determined by MRI. The core secondary endpoint was appendicular muscle mass (ASMM) and trunk fat; subordinate secondary endpoint was lower-leg performance. Thigh lean muscle volume increased significantly in the WB-EMS&P (p < 0.001) and increased slightly in the CG (p = 0.435). In parallel, fat volume increased significantly in the CG (p < 0.001) and was maintained in the WB-EMS&P group (p = 0.728). Group differences for both parameters were significant (p = 0.033 and p = 0.002). ASMM and trunk fat also differed significantly (p < 0.001) between WB-EMS and CG, with significant positive changes in the WB-EMS&P (p < 0.001) and no relevant changes in the CG (p ≥ 0.458). Finally, changes of gait velocity, leg-extensor strength, and advanced lower extremity function of the WB-EMS&P group differed significantly from the CG (p ≤ 0.002). WB-EMS combined with whey protein supplements favorably affects local and overall muscle/fat distribution and lower limb functioning in cdw men 70+ with SO. Thus, this time-saving, joint-friendly, and highly customizable approach may be an option for people either unable or unmotivated to conduct intense (resistance) exercise protocols.Trial registration number NCT02857660 on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Grimm
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Bebenek
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Side effects of whole-body electro-myo-stimulation. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 169:173-180. [PMID: 30141113 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body-electro-myo-stimulation (WB-EMS) has been introduced as an alternative to physical training. The aim of the review is to summarize the data about indications and side effects of WB-EMS.A literature search in PubMed disclosed 11 randomized trials, 3 cohort studies, and 7 case reports. From healthy volunteers, enormous creatine kinase (CK) elevations were reported. There is a lack of data about biological consequences of WB-EMS on other organs. In randomized trials, CK levels were not investigated, but several patients discontinued WB-EMS because of "muscular discomfort." Contraindications for WB-EMS are not clearly defined. Nine cases of rhabdomyolysis after WB-EMS were found, preferentially after the first application.Regulatory authorities should increase the safety of WB-EMS. Patients with a history of rhabdomyolysis should not undergo WB-EMS and those experiencing rhabdomyolysis should be neurologically investigated. Since the value of WB-EMS as an alternative to physical exercise is uncertain, we need to proof or disproof its benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stöllberger
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria. .,, Steingasse 31/18, 1030, Wien, Austria.
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, 1030, Wien, Austria
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60
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Abstract
In recent years, electrical myostimulation (EMS) is becoming more and more popular to increase muscle function and muscle weight. Especially it is applied in healthy individual after injury to rebuild muscle mass and in severely atrophic patients who are not able or willing to perform conventional exercise training programs. Studies in experimental models as well as in human subjects confirmed that EMS can increase muscle mass by around 1% and improve muscle function by around 10-15% after 5-6 weeks of treatment. Despite a severe increase in circulating creatine kinase during the first session, EMS can be regarded as a safe therapeutic intervention. At the molecular level, EMS improves the anabolic/catabolic balance and stimulates the regenerative capacity of satellite cells. EMS intensity should be as high as individually tolerated, and a minimum of three sessions per week [large pulses (between 300-450 μs), high frequency (50-100 Hz in young and around 30 Hz in older individuals)] for at least 5-6 weeks should be performed. EMS improved functional performances more effectively than voluntary training and counteracted fast type muscle fibre atrophy, typically associated with sarcopenia. The effect of superimposing EMS on conventional exercise training to achieve more muscle mass and better function is still discussed controversially. Nevertheless, EMS should not be regarded as a replacement of exercise training per se, since the beneficial effect of exercise training is not just relying on building muscle mass but it also exerts positive effects on endothelial, myocardial, and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Adams
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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61
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Hita-Contreras F, Bueno-Notivol J, Martínez-Amat A, Cruz-Díaz D, Hernandez AV, Pérez-López FR. Effect of exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements on anthropometric and physical performance measures in community-dwelling elderly people with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2018; 116:24-35. [PMID: 30244776 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of exercise (EXE) alone or exercise combined with dietary supplements (EXE-SUPPL) on body composition and physical performance in subjects 60 years and older with sarcopenic obesity. METHODS A systematic review was carried out of studies identified through five search engines up to April 15, 2018. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating EXE or EXE-SUPPL in elderly individuals with sarcopenic obesity for at least six weeks. Primary outcomes were percentage of body fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and hand grip strength. Random effects meta-analyses with the inverse variance method were used to evaluate the effects of interventions on outcomes. Effects were expressed as mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. RESULTS Nine papers reporting seven RCTs (with a total of 558 participants) were included in the review. EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL increased grip strength (MD 1.30 kg; 95% CI 0.58-2.01), gait speed (MD 0.05 m/s; 95% CI 0.03-0.07) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MD 0.40 kg; 95% CI 0.18-0.63). EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL reduced waist circumference (MD -1,40 cm; 95% CI -1.99 to -0.81), total fat mass (MD -1,77 kg; 95% CI -2.49 to -1.04), and trunk fat mass (MD -0.82 kg; 95% CI -1.22 to -0.42). CONCLUSION EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL improved muscle-related outcomes and reduced fat-related outcomes in subjects with sarcopenic obesity. There is a need for better-designed RCTs with systematic assessment of both different exercise regimes and dietary supplements in sarcopenic obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Bueno-Notivol
- Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - David Cruz-Díaz
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Adrian V Hernandez
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford, CT 06102, United States; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima 9, Peru
| | - Faustino R Pérez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zaragoza Faculty of Medicine and Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
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62
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Kemmler W, Weissenfels A, Willert S, Shojaa M, von Stengel S, Filipovic A, Kleinöder H, Berger J, Fröhlich M. Efficacy and Safety of Low Frequency Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) to Improve Health-Related Outcomes in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:573. [PMID: 29875684 PMCID: PMC5974506 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise positively affects most risk factors, diseases and disabling conditions of middle to advanced age, however the majority of middle-aged to older people fall short of the exercise doses recommended for positively affecting cardio-metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurophysiological fitness or disabling conditions. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) may be a promising exercise technology for people unable or unmotivated to exercise conventionally. However, until recently there has been a dearth of evidence with respect to WB-EMS-induced effects on health-related outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the effects, limitations and risks of WB-EMS as a preventive or therapeutic tool for non-athletic adults. Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Eric were run to identify randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses of individual patient data and peer reviewed scientific theses that examined (1) WB-EMS-induced changes of musculoskeletal risk factors and diseases (2) WB-EMS-induced changes of functional capacity and physical fitness (3) WB-EMS-induced changes of cardio-metabolic risk factors and diseases (4) Risk factors of WB-EMS application and adverse effects during WB-EMS interventions. Two researchers independently reviewed articles for eligibility and methodological quality. Twenty-three eligible research articles generated by fourteen research projects were finally included. In summary, thirteen projects were WB-EMS trials and one study was a meta-analysis of individual patient data. WB-EMS significantly improves muscle mass and function while reducing fat mass and low back pain. Although there is some evidence of a positive effect of WB-EMS on cardio-metabolic risk factors, this aspect requires further detailed study. Properly applied and supervised, WB-EMS appears to be a safe training technology. In summary, WB-EMS represents a safe and reasonable option for cohorts unable or unwilling to join conventional exercise programs. However, much like all other types of exercise, WB-EMS does not affect every aspect of physical performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Filipovic
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Training Sciences and Sports Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Training Sciences and Sports Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Martínez-Amat A, Aibar-Almazán A, Fábrega-Cuadros R, Cruz-Díaz D, Jiménez-García JD, Pérez-López FR, Achalandabaso A, Barranco-Zafra R, Hita-Contreras F. Exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements for sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2018; 110:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kemmler W, Kohl M, Freiberger E, Sieber C, von Stengel S. Effect of whole-body electromyostimulation and / or protein supplementation on obesity and cardiometabolic risk in older men with sarcopenic obesity: the randomized controlled FranSO trial. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29523089 PMCID: PMC5845205 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) is characterized by low lean and high fat mass; i.e. from a functional aspect a disproportion between engine (muscle) and mass to be moved (fat). At present, most research focuses on the engine, but the close "cross talk" between age-associated adipose and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation calls for comprehensive interventions that affect both components alike. Protein and exercise are likely candidates, however with respect to the latter, the enthusiasm for intense and frequent exercise is rather low, especially in functionally limited older people. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a time-efficient, joint-friendly and highly customizable exercise technology, on obesity parameters and cardiometabolic risk in men with SO. METHODS One-hundred community-dwelling (cdw) Bavarian men ≥70 years with SO were randomly assigned to either (a) whey protein supplementation (WPS), (b) WB-EMS and protein supplementation (WB-EMS&P) or (c) non-intervention control (CG). Protein supplementation contributed to an intake of 1.7-1.8 g/kg/body mass/d, WB-EMS consisted of 1.5 × 20 min/week (85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s of strain-4 s of rest) with moderate-high intensity. Using an intention to treat approach with multiple imputation, the primary study endpoint was total body fat mass (TBF), secondary endpoints were trunk fat mass (TF), waist circumference (WC) and total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C). RESULTS After 16 weeks of intervention, TBF was reduced significantly in the WPS (- 3.6 ± 7.2%; p = 0.005) and WB-EMS&P (- 6.7 ± 6.2%; p < 0.001), but not in the CG (+ 1.6 ± 7.1%; p = 0.191). Changes in the WB-EMS&P (p < 0.001) and the WPS group (p = 0.011) differ significantly from the CG. TF decreased in the WB-EMS&P (p < 0.001) and WPS (p = .117) and increased in the CG (p = .159); WC decreased significantly in the treatment groups and was maintained in the CG. Lastly, the TC/HDL-C ratio improved significantly in the WB-EMS&P and WPS group and was maintained in the CG. Significant differences between WB-EMS&P and WPS were determined for waist circumference only (p = 0.015; TBF: p = 0.073; TF: p = 0.087; TC/HDL-C: p = .773). CONCLUSION Moderate-high dosed whey protein supplementation, especially when combined with WB-EMS, may be a feasible choice to address obesity and cardiometabolic risk in older cdw men with SO unable or unmotivated to exercise conventionally. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02857660 ; registration date: 05/01/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Strasser EM, Hofmann M, Franzke B, Schober-Halper B, Oesen S, Jandrasits W, Graf A, Praschak M, Horvath-Mechtler B, Krammer C, Ploder M, Bachl N, Quittan M, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Strength training increases skeletal muscle quality but not muscle mass in old institutionalized adults: a randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [PMID: 29517189 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.04930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age related loss of skeletal muscle mass is accompanied by changes in muscle quality leading to impairment of functional status. AIM This study investigated the effect of resistance training and nutritional supply on muscle mass and muscle quality in very old institutionalized adults. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study. SETTING This study was conducted in five retirement care facilities. POPULATION This subgroup of the Vienna Active Ageing Study included 54 women and men (82.4±6.0 years) with impaired health status. Participants were randomly assigned either to elastic band resistance training (N.=16), training with nutritional supplementation (N.=21) or control group (N.=17). METHODS Health status was assessed at baseline with functional tests, cognitive status, nutritional status, sum of medications as well as sum of diseases. Skeletal muscle mass, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic knee extension and flexion force and handgrip strength were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Muscle quality of lower extremities was defined as ratio of the extensor (MQ_LE (Ext.)) or flexor strength (MQ_LE (Flex.)) to lean leg mass. Muscle quality of upper extremity was defined as ratio of handgrip strength to lean arm mass. Follow-up examinations were performed after 12 and 18 months of intervention. RESULTS Muscle quality, but not muscle mass, showed significant correlations to functional tests at baseline (0.300 - 0.614, P<0.05). Resistance training significantly enhanced muscle quality of lower extremity after 6 months (MQ_LE (Ext.) +19.8%, MQ_LE (Flex.) +30.8%, P<0.05). Nutritional supplementation could not further increase the training effect. Participants with lower muscle quality at baseline benefit most from the training intervention. Skeletal muscle mass was not changed by any intervention. CONCLUSIONS Resistance training with elastic bands improved muscle quality in very old people. Additional nutritional supplementation was not able to further improve the effects obtained by training alone. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Elastic band resistance training could be safely used to improve muscle quality even in old people with impaired health status. Weak and chronically ill participants benefit most from this training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Strasser
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilisation and Functional Health, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria -
| | - Marlene Hofmann
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Franzke
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schober-Halper
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Oesen
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud Jandrasits
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Graf
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Praschak
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilisation and Functional Health, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Horvath-Mechtler
- Institute of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Krammer
- Institute of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Ploder
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Social Medical Center East, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Bachl
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Quittan
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilisation and Functional Health, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Low Back Pain in People with Chronic Unspecific Dorsal Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data from Randomized Controlled WB-EMS Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8480429. [PMID: 29234437 PMCID: PMC5664316 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8480429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the favorable effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on low back pain (LBP), an aspect which is frequently claimed by commercial providers, we performed a meta-analysis of individual patient data. The analysis is based on five of our recently conducted randomized controlled WB-EMS trials with adults 60 years+, all of which applied similar WB-EMS protocols (1.5 sessions/week, bipolar current, 16–25 min/session, 85 Hz, 350 μs, and 4–6 s impulse/4 s impulse-break) and used the same pain questionnaire. From these underlying trials, we included only subjects with frequent-chronic LBP in the present meta-analysis. Study endpoints were pain intensity and frequency at the lumbar spine. In summary, 23 participants of the underlying WB-EMS and 22 subjects of the control groups (CG) were pooled in a joint WB-EMS and CG. At baseline, no group differences with respect to LBP intensity and frequency were observed. Pain intensity improved significantly in the WB-EMS (p < .001) and was maintained (p = .997) in the CG. LBP frequency decreased significantly in the WB-EMS (p < .001) and improved nonsignificantly in the CG (p = .057). Group differences for both LBP parameters were significant (p ≤ .035). We concluded that WB-EMS appears to be an effective training tool for reducing LBP; however, RCTs should further address this issue with more specified study protocols.
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Kemmler W, Weissenfels A, Teschler M, Willert S, Bebenek M, Shojaa M, Kohl M, Freiberger E, Sieber C, von Stengel S. Whole-body electromyostimulation and protein supplementation favorably affect sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older men at risk: the randomized controlled FranSO study. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1503-1513. [PMID: 28989278 PMCID: PMC5624743 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s137987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the disproportion between the amount of lean mass and fat mass. Exercise decreases fat and maintains muscle mass; however, older people fail to exercise at doses sufficient to affect musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a time-efficient, joint-friendly and highly individualized exercise technology, on sarcopenia and SO in older men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 community-dwelling northern Bavarian men aged ≥70 years with sarcopenia and obesity were randomly (1-1-1) assigned to either 16 weeks of 1) WB-EMS and protein supplementation (WB-EMS&P), 2) isolated protein supplementation or 3) nonintervention control. WB-EMS consisted of 1.5×20 min (85 Hz, 350 µs, 4 s of strain to 4 s of rest) applied with moderate-to-high intensity while moving. We further generated a daily protein intake of 1.7-1.8 g/kg/body mass per day. The primary study end point was Sarcopenia Z-Score, and the secondary study end points were body fat rate (%), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis determined a significantly favorable effect of WB-EMS&P (P<0.001) and protein (P=0.007) vs control. Both groups significantly (P<0.001) lost body fat (WB-EMS&P: 2.1%; protein: 1.1%) and differed significantly (P≤0.004) from control (0.3%). Differences between WB-EMS&P and protein were significant for the Sarcopenia Z-Score (P=0.39) and borderline nonsignificant (P=0.051) for body fat. SMI increased significantly in both groups (P<0.001 and P=0.043) and decreased significantly in the control group (CG; P=0.033); differences between the verum groups and control were significant (P≤0.009). Handgrip strength increased in the WB-EMS group (1.90 kg; P<0.001; P=0.050 vs control) only. No adverse effects of WB-EMS or protein supplementation were recorded. CONCLUSION WB-EMS&P is a safe and efficient method for tackling sarcopenia and SO in older men. However, the suboptimum effect on functional parameters should be addressed by increased voluntary activation during WB-EMS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Teschler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Bebenek
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Science, University of Furtwangen, Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute of Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Institute of Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Protein Supplementation to Augment the Effects of High Intensity Resistance Training in Untrained Middle-Aged Males: The Randomized Controlled PUSH Trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3619398. [PMID: 28656141 PMCID: PMC5471590 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3619398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High intensity (resistance exercise) training (HIT) defined as a "single set resistance exercise to muscular failure" is an efficient exercise method that allows people with low time budgets to realize an adequate training stimulus. Although there is an ongoing discussion, recent meta-analysis suggests the significant superiority of multiple set (MST) methods for body composition and strength parameters. The aim of this study is to determine whether additional protein supplementation may increase the effect of a HIT-protocol on body composition and strength to an equal MST-level. One hundred and twenty untrained males 30-50 years old were randomly allocated to three groups: (a) HIT, (b) HIT and protein supplementation (HIT&P), and (c) waiting-control (CG) and (after cross-over) high volume/high-intensity-training (HVHIT). HIT was defined as "single set to failure protocol" while HVHIT consistently applied two equal sets. Protein supplementation provided an overall intake of 1.5-1.7 g/kg/d/body mass. Primary study endpoint was lean body mass (LBM). LBM significantly improved in all exercise groups (p ≤ 0.043); however only HIT&P and HVHIT differ significantly from control (p ≤ 0.002). HIT diverges significantly from HIT&P (p = 0.017) and nonsignificantly from HVHIT (p = 0.059), while no differences were observed for HIT&P versus HVHIT (p = 0.691). In conclusion, moderate to high protein supplementation significantly increases the effects of a HIT-protocol on LBM in middle-aged untrained males.
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Zange J, Schopen K, Albracht K, Gerlach DA, Frings-Meuthen P, Maffiuletti NA, Bloch W, Rittweger J. Using the Hephaistos orthotic device to study countermeasure effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and dietary lupin protein supplementation, a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171562. [PMID: 28207840 PMCID: PMC5313207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation for 20 min twice a day with an electrode placed over the soleus muscle and nutritional supplementation with 19 g of protein rich lupin seeds can reduce the loss in volume and strength of the human calf musculature during long term unloading by wearing an orthotic unloading device. Methods Thirteen healthy male subjects (age of 26.4 ± 3.7 years) wore a Hephaistos orthosis one leg for 60 days during all habitual activities. The leg side was randomly chosen for every subject. Six subjects only wore the orthosis as control group, and 7 subjects additionally received the countermeasure consisting of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles and lupin protein supplementation. Twenty-eight days before and on the penultimate day of the intervention cross-sectional images of the calf muscles were taken by magnetic resonance imaging (controls n = 5), and maximum voluntary torque (controls n = 6) of foot plantar flexion was estimated under isometric (extended knee, 90° knee flexion) and isokinetic conditions (extended knee), respectively. Results After 58 days of wearing the orthosis the percentage loss of volume in the entire triceps surae muscle of the control subjects (-11.9 ± 4.4%, mean ± standard deviation) was reduced by the countermeasure (-3.5 ± 7.2%, p = 0.032). Wearing the orthosis generally reduced plantar flexion torques values, however, only when testing isometric contraction at 90° knee ankle the countermeasure effected a significantly lower percentage decrease of torque (-9.7 ± 7.2%, mean ± SD) in comparison with controls (-22.3 ± 11.2%, p = 0.032). Conclusion Unloading of calf musculature by an orthotic device resulted in the expected loss of muscle volume and maximum of plantar flexion torque. Neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation and lupin protein supplementation could significantly reduce the process of atrophy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02698878
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Zange
- Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schopen
- Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Albracht
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Darius A. Gerlach
- Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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70
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Oxygen consumption and muscle fatigue induced by whole-body electromyostimulation compared to equal-duration body weight circuit training. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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71
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Wittmann K, Sieber C, von Stengel S, Kohl M, Freiberger E, Jakob F, Lell M, Engelke K, Kemmler W. Impact of whole body electromyostimulation on cardiometabolic risk factors in older women with sarcopenic obesity: the randomized controlled FORMOsA-sarcopenic obesity study. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1697-1706. [PMID: 27920508 PMCID: PMC5123721 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s116430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by a combination of low muscle and high fat mass with an additive negative effect of both conditions on cardiometabolic risk. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with SO. METHODS The study was conducted in an ambulatory university setting. Seventy-five community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with SO living in Northern Bavaria, Germany, were randomly allocated to either 6 months of WB-EMS application with (WB-EMS&P) or without (WB-EMS) dietary supplementation (150 kcal/day, 56% protein) or a non-training control group (CG). WB-EMS included one session of 20 min (85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s of strain-4 s of rest) per week with moderate-to-high intensity. The primary study endpoint was the MetS Z-score with the components waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); secondary study endpoints were changes in these determining variables. RESULTS MetS Z-score decreased in both groups; however, changes compared with the CG were significant (P=0.001) in the WB-EMS&P group only. On analyzing the components of the MetS, significant positive effects for both WB-EMS groups (P≤0.038) were identified for MAP, while the WB-EMS group significantly differed for WC (P=0.036), and the WB-EMS&P group significantly differed for HDL-C (P=0.006) from the CG. No significant differences were observed between the WB-EMS groups. CONCLUSION The study clearly confirms the favorable effect of WB-EMS application on the MetS in community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years with SO. However, protein-enriched supplements did not increase effects of WB-EMS alone. In summary, we considered this novel technology an effective and safe method to prevent cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases in older women unable or unwilling to exercise conventionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wittmann
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Cornel Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - Franz Jakob
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Michael Lell
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
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