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Wang YH, Zhou Y, Gao X, Sun S, Xie YZ, Hu YP, Fu Y, Fan XH, Xie Q. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction regulates intracellular zinc homeostasis by enhancing autophagy via PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway to improve knee cartilage degeneration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290925. [PMID: 38166086 PMCID: PMC10760926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage and cartilage matrix degradation are key pathological changes occurring in the early stage of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, currently, there are limited strategies for early prevention and treatment of KOA. Duhuo Jisheng Decoction (DHJSD) is a formula quoted in Bei Ji Qian jin Yao Fang, which was compiled by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty of China. As a complementary therapy, it is widely used to treat early-stage KOA in China; however, its mechanism has not been completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential role of DHJSD in preventing cartilage degradation and the underlying mechanism. METHODS A rat model of KOA model was established via the Hulth method. Subsequently, 25 rats were randomized into sham (saline), model control (saline), high-DHJSD (1.9g/mL of DHJSD), medium-DHJSD (1.2g/mL of DHJSD), and low-DHJSD groups (0.6g/mL of DHJSD). After 4 weeks of treatment, all rats were sacrificed and the severity of the cartilage degeneration was evaluated by a series of histological methods. The autophagosome was observed using transmission electron microscopy, and the related functional proteins were detected by the western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next, the mechanism by which DHJSD improves knee cartilage degeneration was further clarified the in vitro by gene silencing technology combined with a series of functional experiments. The proteins levels of PTEN, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and p-mTOR, as well as the marker proteins of autophagy and apoptosis were determined. Zinc levels in chondrocytes were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Histopathological staining revealed that DHJSD had a protective effect on the cartilage. DHJSD increased autophagosome synthesis and the expression of autophagy proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 in chondrocytes. Moreover, it reduced the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR and the levels of zinc, MMP-13, Bax, and Bcl-2. Following PTEN silencing, this DHJSD-mediated reduction in Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and Bax, Bcl-2, and zinc levels were further decreased; in addition, DHJSD-mediated increase in LC3 and Beclin-1 levels was decreased. CONCLUSION DHJSD inhibits the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by targeting PTEN to promote autophagy in chondrocytes, which may help reduce MMP-13 production by regulating zinc levels in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hui Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Peng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li S, Wang A, Wu Y, He S, Shuai W, Zhao M, Zhu Y, Hu X, Luo Y, Wang G. Targeted therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: New insights into regulated cell death combined with immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:300-334. [PMID: 37688394 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a high rate of metastatic spread and drug resistance, is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Therefore, NSCLC patients have a very poor prognosis and a very low chance of survival. Human cancers are closely linked to regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Currently, small-molecule compounds targeting various types of RCD have shown potential as anticancer treatments. Moreover, RCD appears to be a specific part of the antitumor immune response; hence, the combination of RCD and immunotherapy might increase the inhibitory effect of therapy on tumor growth. In this review, we summarize small-molecule compounds used for the treatment of NSCLC by focusing on RCD and pharmacological systems. In addition, we describe the current research status of an immunotherapy combined with an RCD-based regimen for NSCLC, providing new ideas for targeting RCD pathways in combination with immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyuan He
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology & Immunology, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gao Z, Zhang Y, Shen W, Liu X, Wei Y, Li L, Cui H. Bruceine A inhibited breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by inducing autophagy via targeting PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14398. [PMID: 38010171 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advances in cancer treatment, the urgent need to inhibit breast cancer metastasis remained unmet. Bruceine A (BA) is a natural compound extracted from Bruceae Fructus and has long been recognized to have antitumor effects with high safety and biocompatibility. However, the mechanisms and/or targets of BA for metastatic breast cancer treatment are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of BA on inhibition of breast cancer metastasis and its underlying mechanisms. We found that, in addition to its cytotoxic effects, BA significantly inhibited the invasion and migration capabilities of two types of breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) while concurrently promoting apoptosis in these cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that, by targeting the canonical PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, BA initiated autophagy of both types of breast cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo results further confirmed the in vitro findings, manifested by shrinkage of size and weight of breast tumor as well as initiation of autophagy (indicated by upregulation of LC3I/II) through targeting PI3K-AKT pathway on mice model. These data collectively demonstrated the potential of BA in antimetastasis of breast cancer cells, suggesting its future clinical transformation in metastatic breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfang Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengguan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wei X, Ni J, Yuan L, Li X. Hematoporphyrin derivative photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis and suppresses the migration of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:17. [PMID: 38034489 PMCID: PMC10688503 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancer types in humans worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, its underlying mechanism needs to be studied thoroughly. The present study focused on the antitumor effect and underlying mechanism of the use of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD)-PDT against human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to measure cell viability. Migration was evaluated using a wound healing assay. An annexin V-FITC/PI kit was used to determine cell apoptosis rates. Protein expression levels were analyzed via western blotting. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to detect gene expression levels. A 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate kit was chosen to evaluate intracellular reactive oxygen species levels via flow cytometry. Cell viability and migration were decreased in KYSE-150 cells after HpD-PDT treatment. Cellular apoptosis was induced after HpD-PDT treatment, and the same trend was observed for autophagy. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited. The viability and migration of KYSE-150 cells were significantly inhibited, and apoptosis was induced more effectively following treatment with a combination of HpD-PDT and the PI3K inhibitor, a final concentration of 20 µM LY294002. In conclusion, HpD-PDT could suppress esophageal cancer cell viability, induce apoptosis and inhibit migration by downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Combination of HpD-PDT with PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) could enhance the therapeutic efficacy compared with that demonstrated by HpD-PDT alone. Further studies on combination therapy are required to achieve improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Fan X, Yang Y, Wu G, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Zha X. Circ-CARD6 inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy in ARPE-19 cells via the miR-29b-3p/PRDX6/PI3K/Akt axis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109690. [PMID: 37939831 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress-induced damage and dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are important pathogenetic factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and hereditary retinopathy diseases (HRDs). This study aimed to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circ-CARD6 and miR-29b-3p in oxidative stress-induced RPE and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy disease (RD). METHODS A model of oxidative stress-induced RPE (ARPE-19) was established, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe and MDA kit. The cell viability was measured by a CCK-8 assay. The expression of PRDX6/PI3K/Akt axis genes and proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy were determined by RT‒qPCR and Western blot analyses. The dual-luciferase reporter system confirmed the targeting relationship between miR-29b-3p and circ-CARD6 and between miR-29b-3p and PRDX6. RESULTS In H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells, the expression of circ-CARD6 and PRDX6 was decreased, while the expression of miR-29b-3p was increased. The overexpression of circ-CARD6 inhibits oxidative stress-induced increases in ROS, apoptosis and autophagy in ARPE-19 cells. circ-CARD6 targets miR-29b-3p, miR-29b-3p targets PRDX6, and circ-CARD6 regulates PRDX6 via miR-29b-3p. Further studies showed that circ-CARD6 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-29b-3p to affect the expression of PRDX6, thereby inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION circ-CARD6 can inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating the miR-29b-3p/PRDX6/PI3K/Akt axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanni Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guojiu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanbo Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Zha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China.
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Cheng H, Chu J, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang M, Wu H, Wang M, Su J, Li Q. Paris polyphylla saponins II inhibits invasive, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of melanoma cells through activation of autophagy. Toxicon 2024; 237:107558. [PMID: 38072315 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a kind of malignant tumor derived from normal epidermal melanocytes or original nevus cells. It has a high degree of malignancy, rapid progress, dangerous condition, and poor prognosis. In recent years, the innovation of traditional Chinese medicine has broadened the scope and effect of tumor treatment. It is a hotspot and breakthrough to find new anti-tumor invasion and migration drugs from natural plants or traditional Chinese medicine. This study explored the role of PPII in promoting autophagy to inhibit EMT of melanoma cells, the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the invasion and migration of melanoma cells induced by PPII. We found that PPII effectively inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of melanoma B16 and B16F10 in vitro, and induced autophagy. We also established the xenograft tumor and metastatic tumor model of C57BL/6 mice with B16F10 cells. Results showed that PPII effectively inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors, induced autophagy and inhibited the expression level of EMT related protein; Metastasis experiment showed that PPII inhibited the invasion and migration of B16F10, the effect of inhibiting lung metastasis is the most significant. Further mechanism studies showed that the inhibition of PPII on melanoma invasion and migration is related to its induction of autophagy and then inhibition of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
| | - Jing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
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Zeng T, Ling C, Liang Y. Exploring active ingredients and mechanisms of Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger against colon cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:523-542. [PMID: 38759074 PMCID: PMC11191530 DOI: 10.3233/thc-248046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is the most prevalent and rapidly increasing malignancy globally. It has been suggested that some of the ingredients in the herb pair of Coptidis Rhizoma and ginger (Zingiber officinale), a traditional Chinese medicine, have potential anti-colon cancer properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger herb pair in treating colon cancer, using an integrated approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The ingredients of the herb pair Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger, along with their corresponding protein targets, were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Target genes associated with colon cancer were retrieved from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Then, the protein targets of the active ingredients in the herb pair were identified, and the disease-related overlapping targets were determined using the Venn online tool. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING database and analyzed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 to identify key targets. Then, a compound-target-disease-pathway network map was constructed. The intersecting target genes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses for colon cancer treatment. Molecular docking was performed using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software to predict the binding affinity between the key targets and active compounds. RESULTS Besides 1922 disease-related targets, 630 targets associated with 20 potential active compounds of the herb pair Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger were collected. Of these, 229 intersection targets were obtained. Forty key targets, including STAT3, Akt1, SRC, and HSP90AA1, were further analyzed using the ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape. These targets are involved in biological processes such as miRNA-mediated gene silencing, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, and telomerase activity. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-Akt and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways were closely related to colon cancer prevention by the herb pair Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger. Ten genes (Akt1, TP53, STAT3, SRC, HSP90AA1, JAK2, CASP3, PTGS2, BCl2, and ESR1) were identified as key genes for validation through molecular docking simulation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the herb pair Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger exerted preventive effects against colon cancer by targeting multiple genes, utilizing various active compounds, and modulating multiple pathways. These findings might provide the basis for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Coptidis Rhizoma-ginger in colon cancer treatment, potentially leading to the development of novel drugs for combating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Institute of Systems Engineering and Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Caijin Ling
- Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Cavaleri F, Chattopadhyay S, Palsule V, Kar PK, Chatterjee R. Study of Drug Targets Associated With Oncogenesis and Cancer Cell Survival and the Therapeutic Activity of Engineered Ashwagandha Extract Having Differential Withanolide Constitutions. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354231223499. [PMID: 38281118 PMCID: PMC10823841 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231223499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has gained worldwide popularity for a multitude of health benefits inclusive of cancer-preventive and curative effects. Despite numerous research data supporting the benefits of this wonder herb, the actual use of ashwagandha for cancer treatment in clinics is limited. The primary reason for this is the inconsistent therapeutic outcome due to highly variable composition and constitution of active ingredients in the plant extract impacting ashwagandha's pharmacology. We investigate here an engineered yield: an ashwagandha extract (Oncowithanib) that has a unique and fixed portion of active ingredients to achieve consistent and effective therapeutic activity. Using the MCF7 cell line, Oncowithanib was studied for its anti-neoplastic efficacy and drug targets associated with cell cycle regulation, translation machinery, and cell survival and apoptosis. Results demonstrate a dose-dependent decline in Oncowithanib-treated MCF7 cell viability and reduced colony-forming ability. Treated cells showed increased cell death as evidenced by enhancement of Caspase 3 enzyme activity and decreased expressions of cell proliferation markers such as Ki67 and Aurora Kinase A. Oncowithanib treatment was also found to be associated with expressional suppression of key cellular kinases such as RSK1, Akt1, and mTOR in MCF7 cells. Our findings indicate that Oncowithanib decreases MCF7 cell survival and propagation, and sheds light on common drug targets that might be good candidates for the development of cancer therapeutics. Further in-depth investigations are required to fully explore the potency and pharmacology of this novel extract. This study also highlights the importance of the standardization of herbal extracts to get consistent therapeutic activity for the disease indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaleri
- Biologic Pharmamedical Research, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Pradip Kumar Kar
- Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritam Chatterjee
- Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
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Zhang M, Wang J, Guo Y, Yue H, Zhang L. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis by UBE2S inhibits autophagy leading to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:240. [PMID: 38115063 PMCID: PMC10729389 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, with a 5-year survival rate of 30%-50%. Platinum resistance is the chief culprit for the high recurrence and mortality rates. Several studies confirm that the metabolic regulation of ubiquitinating enzymes plays a vital role in platinum resistance in OC. METHODS In this study, we selected ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) as the candidate gene for validation. The levels of UBE2S expression were investigated using TCGA, GTEx, UALCAN, and HPA databases. In addition, the correlation between UBE2S and platinum resistance in OC was analyzed using data from TCGA. Cisplatin-resistant OC cell lines were generated and UBE2S was knocked down; the transfection efficiency was verified. Subsequently, the effects of knockdown of UBE2S on the proliferation and migration of cisplatin-resistant OC cells were examined through the CCK8, Ki-67 immunofluorescence, clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. In addition, the UBE2S gene was also validated in vivo by xenograft models in nude mice. Finally, the relationship between the UBE2S gene and autophagy and the possible underlying regulatory mechanism was preliminarily investigated through MDC and GFP-LC3-B autophagy detection and western blotting experiments. Most importantly, experimental validation of mTOR agonist reversion (the rescuse experiments) was also performed. RESULTS UBE2S was highly expressed in OC at both nucleic acid and protein levels. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the level of UBE2S expression in platinum-resistant samples was significantly higher relative to the platinum-sensitive samples. By cell transfection experiments, knocking down of the UBE2S gene was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of cisplatin-resistant OC cells. Moreover, the UBE2S gene could inhibit autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to induce cisplatin resistance in OC in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discovered a novel oncogene, UBE2S, which was associated with platinum response in OC, and examined its key role through bioinformatics and preliminary experiments. The findings may open up a new avenue for the evaluation and treatment of OC patients at high risk of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Street, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Haodi Yue
- Department of Center for Clinical Single Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Street, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Lindong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Guo T, Wu C, Zhang J, Yu J, Li G, Jiang H, Zhang X, Yu R, Liu X. Dual blockade of EGFR and PI3K signaling pathways offers a therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:363. [PMID: 38115126 PMCID: PMC10729576 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease that lacks effective drugs for targeted therapy. Previously, we found that the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AZD-9291 persistently blocked the activation of the ERK pathway but had no inhibitory effect on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Given that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0084 is being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials of GBM treatment, we hypothesized that combined inhibition of the EGFR/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways may have a synergistic effect in the treatment of GBM. METHODS The synergistic effects of cotreatment with AZD-9291 and GDC-0084 were validated using cell viability assays in GBM and primary GBM cell lines. Moreover, the underlying inhibitory mechanisms were assessed through colony formation, EdU proliferation, and cell cycle assays, as well as RNA-seq analyses and western blot. The therapeutic effects of the drug combination on tumor growth and survival were investigated in mice bearing tumors using subcutaneously or intracranially injected LN229 xenografts. RESULTS Combined treatment with AZD-9291 and GDC-0084 synergistically inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic survival, as well as induced cell cycle arrest of GBM cells and primary GBM cells, compared to monotherapy. Moreover, AZD-9291 plus GDC-0084 combination therapy significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic brain tumor xenografts, thus prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, the combination of AZD-9291 and GDC-0084 simultaneously blocked the activation of the EGFR/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, thereby exerting significant antitumor activity. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that the combined blockade of the EGFR/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways is more effective against GBM than inhibition of each pathway alone, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that AZD-9291 combined with GDC-0084 may be considered as a potential treatment strategy in future clinical trials. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxuan Guo
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiefeng Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun Y, Yang X, Guan S, Ma T, Jiang Z, Gao M, Xu Y, Cong B. The role of phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (PAG1) in regulating the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105810. [PMID: 37852106 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the role of the tumor suppressor phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (PAG1) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its molecular mechanism. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of PAG1 in normal and tumor tissues. The PAG1 overexpressed OSCC cell lines were constructed by lentivirus transfection. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8), clone formation and flow cytometry evaluated the impact of PAG1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of OSCC cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) detected the changes in intracellular genes, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to compare the number of autophagosomes in OSCC cells between Negative and PAG1 group. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to determine the expression of signaling pathway-related mRNA and proteins respectively. RESULTS In contrast to the normal tissues, PAG1 expression was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues. Treatment with lentivirus transfection, the expression of PAG1 in the OSCC cell lines was increase. Notably, transfected with PAG1-overexpressing lentivirus cells inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells and promoted OSCC cells apoptosis. RNA-seq revealed that PAG1 mainly modulated the mitophagy and autophagy pathway, and many autophagosomes were observed in the PAG1 group using TEM. Mechanistically, we found that PAG1 upregulated the expression of autophagy related factors through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway activation. CONCLUSION Overexpression of PAG1 inhibited OSCC progression by activating autophagy, its mechanism might be related to inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shulong Guan
- Department of Surgery, Qingdao Shinan District People's Hospital, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Tengyu Ma
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Reproductive, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Meihua Gao
- Central laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China.
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Central laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China.
| | - Beibei Cong
- Central laboratory, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China.
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Zhang H, Zhu T, Xu W, Liu B, Wu K, Yin Y, Zhang X. Detoxified pneumolysin derivative ΔA146Ply inhibits triple- negative breast cancer metastasis mainly via mannose receptor-mediated autophagy inhibition. Virulence 2023:2283898. [PMID: 37964595 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2283898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The detoxified pneumolysin derivative ΔA146Ply has been proven to have a direct anti-triple negative breast cancer effect by our group, but its work model remains unclear. In this study, we focused on its ability to inhibit triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. We found that ΔA146Ply suppressed the migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating mannose receptor and toll-like receptor 4. Their activation triggers the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, sequentially leading to autophagy, transforming growth factor-β1, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibition. Furthermore, the combination of doxorubicin and ΔA146Ply significantly inhibited triple-negative breast cancer progression and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our study provides an alternative microbiome-based mannose receptor-targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer and a novel theoretical and experimental basis for the downstream signaling pathway of the mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College; Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bichen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fan Z, Wan LX, Jiang W, Liu B, Wu D. Targeting autophagy with small-molecule activators for potential therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115722. [PMID: 37595546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is well-known to be a lysosome-mediated catabolic process for maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis, which has been established with many links to a variety of human diseases. Compared with the therapeutic strategy for inhibiting autophagy, activating autophagy seems to be another promising therapeutic strategy in several contexts. Hitherto, mounting efforts have been made to discover potent and selective small-molecule activators of autophagy to potentially treat human diseases. Thus, in this perspective, we focus on summarizing the complicated relationships between defective autophagy and human diseases, and further discuss the updated progress of a series of small-molecule activators targeting autophagy in human diseases. Taken together, these inspiring findings would provide a clue on discovering more small-molecule activators of autophagy as targeted candidate drugs for potential therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin-Xi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wu Q, Yang W, Bi Y, Yao Y, Li C, Li X. Baicalein inhibits apoptosis and autophagy induced by chlorpyrifos exposure to kidney of Cyprinus carpio through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105624. [PMID: 37945259 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate pesticide that has caused large-scale contamination globally, has become a major concern. Baicalein (BAI), as a flavonoid extract, shows anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant activities. The kidneys of fish serve to excrete toxins and are major target organs for environmental contaminants. However, it is not obvious whether BAI can counteract the damage caused by CPF exposure to fish kidneys. Therefore, we conducted a 30-day simulation of CPF poisoning and/or BAI treatment by adding 23.2 μg/L CPF to water and/or 0.15 g/kg BAI to feed. In the transmission electron microscopy results, we observed obvious phenomenon of autophagy and apoptosis in the CPF group, and the TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence of LC3B and p62 double-staining results confirmed that CPF induced autophagy and apoptosis in the kidney of common carp. Furthermore, CPF induced the increase of ROS level and inhibition of PI3K and Nrf2 pathways, which in turn triggered oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis in carp kidney according to western blot, RT-qPCR and kit assays. However, addition of BAI significantly alleviated oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis due to binding to PI3K protein. Additionally, through phylogenetic tree and structural domain analyses, we also found that the binding sites of BAI and PI3K are conserved in a variety of representative species. These results suggest that BAI antagonizes CPF-caused renal impairments in carp involving the PI3K/AKT pathway and the Nrf2 pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the nephrotoxicity effects of CPF and the potential use of BAI as a detoxification agent for CPF intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenrui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanju Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yujie Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chengzhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Xiao C, Sun Y, Fan J, Nguyen W, Chen S, Long Y, Chen W, Zhu A, Liu B. Engineering cannabidiol synergistic carbon monoxide nanocomplexes to enhance cancer therapy via excessive autophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4591-4606. [PMID: 37969731 PMCID: PMC10638503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although carbon monoxide (CO)-based treatments have demonstrated the high cancer efficacy by promoting mitochondrial damage and core-region penetrating ability, the efficiency was often compromised by protective autophagy (mitophagy). Herein, cannabidiol (CBD) is integrated into biomimetic carbon monoxide nanocomplexes (HMPOC@M) to address this issue by inducing excessive autophagy. The biomimetic membrane not only prevents premature drugs leakage, but also prolongs blood circulation for tumor enrichment. After entering the acidic tumor microenvironment, carbon monoxide (CO) donors are stimulated by hydrogen oxide (H2O2) to disintegrate into CO and Mn2+. The comprehensive effect of CO/Mn2+ and CBD can induce ROS-mediated cell apoptosis. In addition, HMPOC@M-mediated excessive autophagy can promote cancer cell death by increasing autophagic flux via class III PI3K/BECN1 complex activation and blocking autolysosome degradation via LAMP1 downregulation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that HMPOC@M+ laser strongly inhibited tumor growth and attenuated liver and lung metastases by downregulating VEGF and MMP9 proteins. This strategy may highlight the pro-death role of excessive autophagy in TNBC treatment, providing a novel yet versatile avenue to enhance the efficacy of CO treatments. Importantly, this work also indicated the applicability of CBD for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy through excessive autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jialong Fan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - William Nguyen
- Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Simin Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ying Long
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Shu Y, He Y, Ye G, Liu X, Huang J, Zhang Q, Tian D, Wang T, Shu J. Curcumin inhibits the activity and induces apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cell by suppressing autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1764-1778. [PMID: 37909649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a kind of natural compound, has been previously proven to inhibit the autophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and induce their apoptosis. However, it is not clear whether the enhanced apoptosis of activated HSCs (aHSCs) caused by curcumin depends on autophagy inhibition. We aim to verify this hypothesis and explore the potential mechanisms in this study. Immortalized human HSC line LX-2 was used as an experimental specimen and pretreated with transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) for 24 h to activate it before drug application. The levels of autophagy, apoptosis, cell activity, lipid metabolism, and the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway were evaluated by multiple methods, such as Western blotting, mcherry-EGFP-LC3B adenoviruses transfection, immunofluorescence, Nile Red staining, flow cytometry among others. Our results showed that rapamycin, an autophagy activator, could partly offset the effects of curcumin on autophagy and apoptosis of LX-2 cells, while 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, could enhance these effects. Furthermore, curcumin could promote the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway in LX-2 cells, while PI3K inhibitor could partly offset this effect and increase the autophagy level. Overall, we demonstrated that curcumin could inhibit the activity and promote LX-2 cells apoptosis by suppressing autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway. In addition, lipid recovery and energy deprivation due to autophagy inhibition may be the exact mechanism by which curcumin attenuates the pro-fibrotic activity of LX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun He
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyou Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang K, Tang J, Fan S, Su H, Yu R, Zhang Y, Wu H, Lv Y, Zhang S, Zou X. ABBV-744 induces autophagy in gastric cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6k and MAPK signaling pathways. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100936. [PMID: 37769529 PMCID: PMC10539879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The mortality rates of gastric cancer remain high due to limited therapeutic strategies. As a highly selective inhibitor of the BD2 domain of BET family proteins, ABBV-744 has potent chemotherapeutic activity against various human solid tumors. However, whether ABBV-744 has potential anti-tumor effects in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ABBV-744 on gastric cancer cells and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. We found that ABBV-744 inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells and patient-derived tumor organoids in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular experiments revealed that ABBV-744 induced mitochondria damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in gastric cancer cells. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-sequencing data identified autophagy as a crucial pathway involved in the cell death caused by ABBV-744. Mechanically, further studies showed that ABBV-744 induced autophagy flux in gastric cancer cells by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6k and activating the MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo mouse xenograft studies demonstrated that ABBV-744 significantly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer cells via inducing autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest that ABBV-744 is a novel drug candidate for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiatong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengxian Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School.Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haochen Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ranran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affilated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Qiu K, Xia Q, Chen H, Ye Q, Mao H, Tian M, Gan Y, Huang Q, Wang H, Duan S. Exploring the anticancer potential of Actinidia chinensis Planch root extracts ( acRoots) on hepatocellular carcinoma: A molecular mechanism study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21851. [PMID: 38027882 PMCID: PMC10656260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranking as the seventh most prevalent cancer worldwide, poses a significant health challenge. Actinidia chinensis Planch Root extracts (acRoots), a traditional Chinese medicine, has exhibited promising inhibitory effects on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of various cancer cell types. Nevertheless, its specific impact and underlying mechanisms concerning HCC remain unclear. This research aimed to elucidate the anticancer properties and potential molecular mechanisms of acRoots in the HepG2 and LM3 cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that acRoots effectively hampers the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, acRoots induces apoptosis and autophagy by impeding the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, with its inhibitory effects on cells being restored under AKT activator induction. This study, for the first time, elucidates that acRoots can suppress HepG2 and LM3 cell proliferation by blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby activating apoptosis and autophagy. These results underscore the potential of acRoots as a promising antitumor agent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Qing Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Qiong Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Haixiang Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Mei Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yichao Gan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Qinyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Haibiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315048, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Wang L, Cheng J, Huang J, Xiao T, Tang Z. The mechanism of IL-13 targeting IL-13Rα2 in regulating oral mucosal FBs through PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37897109 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to examine the presence of interleukin (IL)-13 and its receptor IL-13Rα2 in the tissues of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), investigate their biological functions, and explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of OSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 in the oral mucosa of patients with OSF and normal individuals was determined through immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Primary fibroblasts (FBs) were extracted through enzymatic digestion and then cultured. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the FB cultures and the location of IL-13Rα2. The effects of IL-13/IL-13Rα2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR on the migration, proliferation, and secretion of fiber-related proteins of FBs were explored via the wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, EDU assay, and RT-qPCR. The impact of IL-13Rα2 silencing and PI3K/AKT inhibition on the effect of IL-13 on FBs was analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS IL-13 and IL-13Rα2 were highly expressed in OSF. Primary FBs were successfully extracted and cultured. IL-13Rα2 was found to be localized in myofibroblasts. IL-13 promoted the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril-associated proteins in FBs. The proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril-associated proteins of FBs were decreased following IL-13Rα2 silencing and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION IL-13 may promote the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fiber-related proteins of FBs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting IL-13Rα2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhao J, Liu GW, Tao C. Hotspots and future trends of autophagy in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20142. [PMID: 37780780 PMCID: PMC10539644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To discuss the hotspots and future trends of autophagy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and provide a reference for researchers in this field. Method Using visual analysis tools, metrological statistics and visual research on the pertinent literature in the area of autophagy use in TCM were undertaken in the core collection database of the Web of Science. By examining the authors, keywords, research circumstances, research hotspots, and trends of linked research, the use of autophagy in TCM was investigated. Results and Conclusions A total of 916 studies were included, among which Beijing University Chinese Medicine was the largest number of advantageous research institutions, followed by Shanghai University Traditional Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou University Chinese Medicine.The keywords of literature research primarily comprise apoptosis, activation, inhibition, pathway, mechanism, oxidative stress, proliferation, NF-κB, cancer, mtor, etc. At present, the research on autophagy in the field of TCM is increasing on a year-to-year basis. The research has focused on the role played by TCM in malignant tumors, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease through autophagy, and the regulation of autophagy signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, TLR4 signaling pathway,nrf2 signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway). In the future, the therapeutic effect of TCM on chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells through autophagy pathway, the role of TCM mediating mitophagy and activating autophagy function, and the therapeutic effect of TCM components represented by luteolin on tumors, asthma, myocardial injury and other diseases through autophagy mechanism will be the research hotspots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Guang-wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- Scientific Research Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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Shegefti S, Bolori S, Nabavi-Rad A, Dabiri H, Yadegar A, Baghaei K. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles suppress liver autophagy: A novel mechanism for H. pylori-mediated hepatic disorder. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106319. [PMID: 37619914 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized structures, which have been recently suggested to play a crucial role in H. pylori pathogenesis. There are growing evidence indicating the relationship of H. pylori infection with extra-gastroduodenal diseases, especially liver-related disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of H. pylori-derived OMVs on autophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A selection of five clinical strains of H. pylori with different virulence genotypes were included. The OMVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The protein concentration of OMVs was measured by BCA assay. MTT assay was used to determine the viability of LX-2 cells (human HSCs) treated with OMVs. The expression level of MTOR, AKT, PI3K, BECN1, ATG16 and LC3B genes was assessed in OMVs-treated LX-2 cells using quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the protein expression of MTOR and LC3B autophagy markers. RESULTS H. pylori strains produced round shape nano-vesicles ranging from 50 to 500 nm. Treatment of HSCs with H. pylori-derived OMVs at concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h significantly elevated the expression of autophagy inhibitory markers (PI3K, AKT, and MTOR) and suppressed the mRNA expression level of autophagy core proteins (BECN1, ATG16 and LC3B). Immunocytochemistry also presented a substantial reduction in the concentration of LC3B autophagy core protein, and a marked elevation in the amount of MTOR autophagy inhibitory protein. CONCLUSION This study revealed that H. pylori-derived OMVs could potentially suppress autophagy flux in HSCs as a novel mechanism for H. pylori-mediated liver autophagy impairment and liver disease development. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact role of OMV-carried contents in liver autophagy, and liver-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saina Shegefti
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bolori
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ding X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Qin Y, Yu K, Yang X. Intranasal Insulin Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Apoptosis Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2023; 529:23-36. [PMID: 37572876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal insulin reduces lesion size and enhances memory capacity in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this neuroprotective action not yet understood. Here we used Feeney's free-falling method to construct TBI mouse models and administrated intranasal insulin, rapamycin, insulin and rapamycin, or normal saline to assess their effects on neurological functions, cerebral edema, and the expression of Iba1 in microglia through immunofluorescence assay. We also measured concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the brain using enzyme immunosorbent assay, investigated apoptosis with TUNEL staining and Western blotting, and evaluated autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with Western blotting. The autophagosome was assessed through transmission electron microscopy. Our findings demonstrated that intranasal insulin promoted neurological recovery, decreased brain swelling, and reduced injury lesions on days 1, 3, and 7 post TBI. Moreover, intranasal insulin reduced microglia activation and the concentration of IL-1β or TNF-α on the same days. Through Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that intranasal insulin suppressed autophagy while activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway on days 1 and 3 post TBI. TUNEL assay and Western blotting also indicated that intranasal insulin inhibited ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin partially blocked the pro-autophagy and anti-apoptosis effects of intranasal insulin both on days 1 and 3 post TBI. Our results suggest that intranasal insulin can ameliorate TBI by regulating autophagy and ER stress-mediated apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 2, Huatai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No, 278, Middle Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 2, Huatai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of General Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, No. 270, Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of General Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, No. 270, Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Department of Emergency, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, No. 270, Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China
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Muthyalaiah YS, Arockiasamy S, P A A. Exploring the molecular interactions and binding affinity of resveratrol and calcitriol with RAGE and its intracellular proteins and kinases involved in colorectal cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37732363 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) burden is progressively increasing in young population due to dietary and lifestyle pattern. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), one of the dietary compounds, form complex aggregates with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids distorting their structure and function. AGE's pro-tumorigenic role is mediated through the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) triggering an array of signaling pathways. The current study aimed to target AGE-RAGE axis signaling proteins and kinases at multiple levels with calcitriol (CAL) and trans-resveratrol (RES) through in silico analysis using molecular docking (MD), molecular dynamic simulation(MDS), MM-PBSA analysis, and in vitro study. In silico analysis of CAL and RES showed significant binding affinity toward RAGE and its signaling proteins such as NF-kB, PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and PKC compared to its reference inhibitors through better hydrogen, hydrophobic, pi-pi stacking interactions. MD and MDS studies have revealed stable and compact protein-ligand complexes. Binding free energies of protein-ligand complex were estimated using MM/PBSA analysis thatprovided an assessment of overall interacting free energies of complexes and revealed the presence of low binding energy within the active site. Furthermore, in the in vitro study, methylglyoxal (MG), an AGE-precursor showed a proliferative effect on HCT116, however, CAL and RES showed an inhibitory effect against MG induced effect with an IC50 value of 51 nM and 110 µM respectively. Thus, the study suggests the possible target binding sites of AGE-RAGE signaling proteins and kinases with CAL and RES, thereby exploiting it for developing CAL with RES as adjuvant therapy along with chemo drug for CRC.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Sangeeta Muthyalaiah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Abhinand P A
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Li R, Chai L, Lei L, Guo R, Wen X. CDKL3 Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Suppressing Autophagy Via Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1421-1431. [PMID: 36630073 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 3 (CDKL3) in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as the underlying mechanisms. Western blot and qRT-PCR were utilized to analyze CDKL3 expression in 30 pairs of NSCLC and paraneoplastic tissues. A549 cells with CDKL3 knockdown and PC9 cells with CDKL3 overexpression were constructed by infecting cells with lentiviruses expressing shRNA of CDKL3 and expressing a full-length CDKL3 mRNA, respectively. The CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were carried out to detect cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. Autophagosome morphology was observed by electron microscopy experiments, the expression of key components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was examined via Western blot and their mRNA expression levels were determined. Besides, the stably infected NSCLC cells with reduced expression or overexpression of CDKL3 were inoculated into the right-back flank of mice to generate tumors. The results showed that CDKL3 expression was dramatically increased in NSCLC tissues. Moreover, CDKL3 promoted the viability and migration of NSCLC cells by suppressing autophagy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CDKL3 might modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in NSCLC. Overall, CDKL3 might promote NSCLC cell viability and metastasis by inhibiting autophagy and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Linyan Chai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiulin Wen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, China.
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Xu X, Hou D, Wang Y, Zhang J, Hei Y, Wang B, Tian S, Zhang Y, Wang F. Knockdown of NF-κB activating protein promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis through mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7501-7513. [PMID: 37486443 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) acts as a transcriptional suppressor in the Notch signaling pathway, It plays a role in hematopoiesis maintenance, immune cell development, maturation, and functional competency acquisition. NKAP has been found to act as an oncogene in many tumors, but it has not been reported in PAAD.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of NKAP on the growth and metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD). METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, western blot and qRT-PCR showed that highly expressed NKAP was found in PAAD cell lines, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to reduce the expression of NKAP in PAAD cell lines. The results of CCK-8, clony formation, Transwell and flow cytometry showed that knockdown of NKAP significantly inhibited biological function of PAAD cells, and increased cell apoptosis. Study also observed that knockdown of NKAP inhibited the expression levels of apoptosis proteins and cyclin in PAAD cells. In addition, mTOR's degree of phosphorylation and the expression of its downstream target p70S6K can both be activated by NKAP. This effect was also confirmed in salvage experiments performed with Rapamycin(RaPa), an inhibitor of mTOR. At the end of the experiment, It was investigated how NKAP affected the drug sensitivity of gemcitabine used to treat PAAD. The results showed that knocking down NKAP could increase the drug sensitivity of gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS NKAP as an oncogene regulates the development of PAAD cells. The research found that the mTOR signaling pathway is engaged in the oncogenic role of NKAP in PAAD for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Xu
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Danyang Hou
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Yu Hei
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Bobo Wang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Shuyue Tian
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China
| | - Fenghui Wang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, People's Republic of China.
- Yan'an Key Laboratory of Fungal Resources Development and Biological Control, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, 716000, China.
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Xing Y, Xue W, Teng Y, Jin Z, Tang X, Li Z, Hu Y, Wang R, Qian J. Raddeanin A promotes autophagy-induced apoptosis by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1987-1997. [PMID: 36882566 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cancer in the world. Previous studies have shown that Raddeanin A (RA) exhibited distinct antitumor properties in gastric and colon cancer. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological actions and intrinsic mechanisms of RA in NSCLC. Through the application of network pharmacology, the potential targets of RA for NSCLC therapy such as SRC, MAPK1, and STAT3 were excavated. Enrichment analyses showed that these targets were concerned with the regulation of cell death, regulation of MAPK cascade, Ras signaling pathway, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Meanwhile, 13 targets of RA were identified as autophagy-related genes. Our experiment data showed that RA effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells A549. We also found that RA could induce autophagy simultaneously. Furthermore, the autophagy induced by RA had a synergistic effect with apoptosis and contributed to cell death. Additionally, RA could downregulate the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Generally, our results indicated the antitumor effect and underlying mechanisms of RA on apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells, suggesting that RA could be used as an effective antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Teng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Suzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Zirui Li
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Geng X, Zou Y, Li J, Li S, Qi R, Yu H, Zhong L. BDNF alleviates Parkinson's disease by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation and regulating neuronal autophagy. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:455-470. [PMID: 37450039 PMCID: PMC10485099 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual death of dopaminergic neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, which can promote the survival and growth of neurons and protect neurons. This study revealed that BDNF promotes STAT3 phosphorylation and regulates autophagy in neurons. The PD mouse model was established by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Moreover, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) to establish a PD cell model. The level of BDNF was low in PD model mice and SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. BDNF enhanced the levels of p-TrkB, P-STAT3, PINK1, and DJ-1. BDNF promoted autophagy, inhibited the level of p-α-syn (Ser129) and enhanced cell proliferation. The autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) reversed the protective effects of BDNF on neurons. BiFC assay results showed that there was a direct physical interaction between BDNF and STAT3, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated an interaction between STAT3 and PI3K. The PI3K agonist Recilisib activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, promoted autophagy, and alleviated neuronal cell damage. BDNF alleviates PD pathology by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation and regulating neuronal autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells and cultured primary neurons. Finally, BDNF has neuroprotective effects on PD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Yanghong Zou
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Renli Qi
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
| | - Lianmei Zhong
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
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Zhi L, Wang X, Gao Q, He W, Shang C, Guo C, Niu Z, Zhu W, Zhang X. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors determining natural killer cell fate: Phenotype and function. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115136. [PMID: 37453199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells. They belong to the innate lymphoid cell family, which is an important part of innate immunity. This family plays a role in the body mainly through the release of perforin, granzyme, and various cytokines and is involved in cytotoxicity and cytokine-mediated immune regulation. NK cells involved in normal immune regulation and the tumor microenvironment (TME) can exhibit completely different states. Here, we discuss the growth, development, and function of NK cells in regard to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are those that influence NK cells to promote cell maturation and exert their effector functions under the control of internal metabolism and self-related genes. Extrinsic factors include the metabolism of the TME and the influence of related proteins on the "fate" of NK cells. This review targets the potential of NK cell metabolism, cellular molecules, regulatory genes, and other mechanisms involved in immune regulation. We further discuss immune-mediated tumor therapy, which is the trend of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Zhi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Qing Gao
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Wenhui He
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Chongye Shang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Niu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Wuling Zhu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
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Uzel G, Oylumlu E, Durmus L, Ciraci C. Duality of Valproic Acid Effects on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Human Eosinophilic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13446. [PMID: 37686250 PMCID: PMC10487571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils function in rapid innate immune responses and allergic reactions. Recent research has raised the possibility that the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) may be a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of allergic responses and certain cancers. However, its effects on eosinophils remain unclear. Utilizing the EoL-1 human eosinophil cell line as a model, we investigated the effects of VPA on oxidative stress- and autophagy-mediated immune responses. We found that VPA induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation and eosinophil activation without affecting cell viability. Moreover, VPA treatment suppressed the negative regulator of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, which is known to activate antioxidant defense. Interestingly, VPA was able to increase autophagic markers, as well as NLRP3 and NLRC4 mRNA activation, in Eol-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that VPA could increase the severity of allergic responses, and if so, it clearly would not be a suitable drug for the treatment of allergic reactions. However, VPA does have the potential to induce autophagy and to regulate the inflammatory responses via inflammasome-driven caspase-1 deactivation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ceren Ciraci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.U.); (E.O.); (L.D.)
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80
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Ye T, Ge Y, Jiang X, Song H, Peng C, Liu B. A review of anti-tumour effects of Ganoderma lucidum in gastrointestinal cancer. Chin Med 2023; 18:107. [PMID: 37641070 PMCID: PMC10463474 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the most common cancer in the world and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. Clinically, surgical excision and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods for GI cancer, which is unfortunately accompanied with serious adverse reactions and drug toxicity, bringing irreversible damage to patients and seriously affecting the quality of life. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has a long history of medicinal and edible use in China. Its bioactive compounds mainly include polysaccharides, triterpenes, and proteins, which have potential anti-tumor activities by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and regulating autophagy. Currently, there is no in-depth review on the anti-tumor effect of G. lucidum in GI cancer. Therefore, this review is an attempt to compile the basic characteristics, anti-GI caner mechanisms, and clinical application of G. lucidum, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the role of G. lucidum in the prevention and treatment of GI cancer from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- Department of Technology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Can Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Cancer Research Centre, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
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Fadhal E. A Comprehensive Analysis of the PI3K/AKT Pathway: Unveiling Key Proteins and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231194273. [PMID: 37649725 PMCID: PMC10462777 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231194273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer development and progression involve a complex network of pathways among which certain pathways play a pivotal role in promoting tumor growth and survival. An important pathway in this context is the PI3K/AKT pathway, which regulates crucial cellular processes including proliferation, viability, and metabolic regulation. Dysregulation of this pathway has been strongly linked to the development of various types of cancers. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the key proteins within this pathway as potential targets for impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Results One of the key findings of this study was the identification of signaling proteins that dominate various forms of PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, proteins play critical roles in cancer networks, acting as oncogenes that promote cancer development or as tumor suppressor genes that inhibit tumor growth. This study identified several genes, including KIT, ERBB2, PDGFRA, MET, FGFR2, and FGFR3, which are involved in various types of the PI3K/Akt pathways. Additionally, this study identified 55 proteins that are commonly found in various forms of PI3K/Akt, and these proteins play crucial roles in regulating various biological functions. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of identifying key proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway. In this study, we identified several genes involved in different pathways that play essential roles in the activation, signaling, and regulation of the pathway. Understanding the proteins participating in the PI3K/AKT pathway is vital for the development of targeted therapies, not only for cancer but also for other related diseases. By elucidating their roles and functions, this study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field and paves the way for the development of effective treatments targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Fadhal
- Department of Mathematics &Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Lin JJ, Luo BH, Su T, Yang Q, Zhang QF, Dai WY, Liu Y, Xiang L. Antitumor activity of miR-188-3p in gastric cancer is achieved by targeting CBL expression and inactivating the AKT/mTOR signaling. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1384-1399. [PMID: 37663941 PMCID: PMC10473938 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered miR-188-3p expression has been observed in various human cancers. AIM To investigate the miR-188-3p expression, its roles, and underlying molecular events in gastric cancer. METHODS Fifty gastric cancer and paired normal tissues were collected to analyze miR-188-3p and CBL expression. Normal and gastric cancer cells were used to manipulate miR-188-3p and CBL expression through different assays. The relationship between miR-188-3p and CBL was predicted bioinformatically and confirmed using a luciferase gene reporter assay. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to associate miR-188-3p or CBL expression with patient survival. A nude mouse tumor cell xenograft assay was used to confirm the in vitro data. RESULTS MiR-188-3p was found to be lower in the plasma of gastric cancer patients, tissues, and cell lines compared to their healthy counterparts. It was associated with overall survival of gastric cancer patients (P < 0.001), tumor differentiation (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033), tumor node metastasis stage (I/II vs III/IV, P = 0.024), and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (I/II vs III/IV, P = 0.03). Transfection with miR-188-3p mimics reduced tumor cell growth and invasion while inducing apoptosis and autophagy. CBL was identified as a direct target of miR-188-3p, with its expression antagonizing the effects of miR-188-3p on gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy through the inactivation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The in vivo data confirmed antitumor activity via CBL downregulation in gastric cancer. CONCLUSION The current data provides ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo evidence that miR-188-3p acts as a tumor suppressor gene or possesses antitumor activity in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jiao Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen Longgang District People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Hua Luo
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen Longgang District People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qin-Fei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen Longgang District People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Yu Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen Longgang District People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen Longgang District People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, China
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83
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He J, Liu S, Guo X, Zhang F, Fan Y, Wu L, Takiff HE, Zhao Y. Association of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway autophagy-related gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility in a Chinese population. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e01042023. [PMID: 37493735 PMCID: PMC10367219 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0104-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy can inhibit the survival of intracellular microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a crucial role. This study investigated the association between PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway autophagy-related gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility. METHODS KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) databases were searched for genes belonging to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and autophagy pathways. Thirty SNPs in nine genes were identified and tested for their associations with tuberculosis in 130 patients with PTB and 271 controls. We constructed genetic risk scores (GRSs) and divided the participants into 3 subgroups based on their GRSs:0-5, 6-10, and 11-16. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the AKT1 (rs12432802), RPTOR (rs11654508, rs12602885, rs2090204, rs2589144, and rs2672897), and TSC2 (rs2074969) polymorphisms were significantly associated with PTB risk. A decreasing trend was observed (P trend 0.020), in which a lower GRS was associated with a higher risk of PTB ([6-10] vs. [0-5]: OR (95%CI) 0.590 (0.374-0.931); [11-16] vs. [0-5]: OR (95%CI) 0.381 (0.160-0.906)). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in AKT1, RPTOR, and TSC2 may influence susceptibility to PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Harbin Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harbin, China
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xujun Guo
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuzheng Fan
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yashuang Zhao
- Harbin Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harbin, China
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84
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Huang F, Ding G, Yuan Y, Zhao L, Ding W, Wu S. PTEN Overexpression Alters Autophagy Levels and Slows Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Fibrosis. TOXICS 2023; 11:578. [PMID: 37505544 PMCID: PMC10386595 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic remains a global public health problem. The liver is the main target organ, leading to arsenic-induced liver fibrosis. Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) may participate in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis by regulating autophagy, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. We established a mouse model of arsenic poisoning through their drinking water and a fibrosis model using the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 through NaAsO2 exposure for 24 h. Masson staining measured liver fibrosis. The cells were transfected with a PTEN overexpression plasmid. Western blot and qRT-PCR determined the levels of protein/mRNA expression. Fibrosis was evident in both the mouse model and arsenic-exposed LX-2 cells. NaAsO2 upregulated expression of autophagic markers microtubule-associated protein light chain A/B (LC3), recombinant human autophagy effector protein (Beclin-1), and hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (HES1), but downregulated PTEN. Alongside this, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was significantly upregulated by NaAsO2. PTEN overexpression altered NaAsO2-induced autophagy and downregulated LC3 and Beclin-1. While Notch1, HES1, α-SMA, and collagen I expression were all downregulated in the NaAsO2 groups. Therefore, PTEN overexpression might decrease autophagy and inhibit fibrosis progression caused by arsenic, and the NOTCH1/HES1 pathway is likely involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guanxin Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yanjie Yuan
- The First Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, No. 4, Jiankang Road, Aksu City 843000, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenmeng Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi 830011, China
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85
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Yun HM, Kim B, Kim SH, Kwon SH, Park KR. Xanol Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy and Inhibits Necroptosis and Metastasis via the Inhibition of AKT Signaling in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:1768. [PMID: 37443802 PMCID: PMC10340602 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (A. keiskei) is used as a traditional medicine, anti-aging agent, and health food, as well as to restore vitality. Xanthoangelol (xanol), a prenylated chalcone, is the predominant constituent of A. keiskei. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy, has a high proliferation rate and frequent metastasis. However, it is unknown whether xanol has anti-OSCC effects on apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. In the present study, we purified xanol from A. keiskei and demonstrated that it suppressed cell proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in human OSCC. Xanol triggered apoptotic cell death by regulating apoptotic machinery molecules but inhibited necroptotic cell death by dephosphorylating the necroptotic machinery molecules RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in human OSCC. We also found that xanol inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and induced autophagosome formation by enhancing beclin-1 and LC3 expression levels and reducing p62 expression levels. Furthermore, we showed that xanol prevented the metastatic phenotypes of human OSCC by inhibiting migration and invasion via the reduction of MMP13 and VEGF. Finally, we demonstrated that xanol exerted anticancer effects on tumorigenicity associated with its transformed properties. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the anticancer effects and biological mechanism of action of xanol as an effective phytomedicine for human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
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Linghu Y, Deng CN, He L, Wu Q, Xu L, Yu YN. Fluoride induces osteoblast autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1159-1172. [PMID: 37638639 PMCID: PMC10583752 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231191117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorosis primarily manifests as bone damage in the form of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis and represents a critical global public health challenge. However, few studies have examined autophagy-related signaling pathways in skeletal fluorosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fluoride on autophagy in osteoblasts using comprehensive methods and to explore the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in regulating fluoride-induced autophagy in osteoblasts. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to different concentrations of fluoride (NaF: 5, 50, and 100 mg/L) for six months. Primary osteoblasts were treated with 0.5, 1.0, or 3.0 mM NaF. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were performed to evaluate morphological changes in bone tissues and autophagosomes and to detect the protein expression of autophagy-related markers and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related molecules both in vivo and in vitro. The bone tissues of fluoride-exposed rats showed osteosclerosis, autophagosomes and autolysosomes. LC3B immunofluorescence staining revealed an increase in autophagosomes in the primary osteoblasts treated with fluoride. The LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio and levels of autophagy-related markers (Beclin 1 and Atg7) were increased, whereas P62 levels were decreased in bone tissues and primary osteoblasts in the fluoride groups. Simultaneously, p-AKT and p-mTOR levels were reduced in bone tissues and primary osteoblasts in the fluoride groups. Moreover, a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) further downregulated p-AKT and p-mTOR protein expression but slightly increased the LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio in primary osteoblasts. These results demonstrate that fluoride induces autophagy in osteoblasts by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fluoride-induced bone damage and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of skeletal fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Linghu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chao-Nan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan-Ni Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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87
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Chen X, Jin G, Luo H, Zhou L. Effect of Gubenyiliu formula II and its disassembled prescriptions on cell autophagy in breast cancer through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:725-734. [PMID: 36727774 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to reveal the mechanism of Gubenyiliu II (GYII) inhibiting autophagy in breast cancer and the effect of its disassembled prescriptions, Quxie (QX) and Fuzheng (FZ), which cause autophagy difference on tumor growth. After a breast cancer in situ tumor model was established, mice were randomly distributed into different groups: model, GYII, QX, FZ and tamoxifen groups, and treated correspondingly. Then, the tumor volumes and weights were monitored. Immunohistochemistry detected the contents of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in tumor tissues. Furthermore, 4T1 cells were administrated with the 20% contained serum. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured using cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays. Electron microscopy and flow cytometry detected autophagy and apoptosis. The content of LC3 was measured by immunofluorescence. Western blot detected the protein levels of LC3, Beclin1, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR in tumor tissues and 4T1 cells. GYII, QX and FZ treatment significantly reduced the tumor volumes and weights in breast cancer tumor-bearing mice. The cell proliferation, migration and invasion were restrained, and cell apoptosis and autophagy were promoted in GYII, QX and FZ groups. Moreover, GYII, QX and FZ increased the expression of LC3 in 4T1 cells and tumor tissues and decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in tumor tissues. The protein levels of LC3 and Beclin1 were upregulated, and p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR were downregulated in tumor tissues and 4T1 cells of treatment groups. Our study confirmed that GYII could treat breast cancer by restraining the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-mediated autophagy. While QX focuses on inhibiting tumor growth, FZ acts on inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu J, Yang X. Functional role of MicroRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219211. [PMID: 37404761 PMCID: PMC10315918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that occurs in children and adolescents, and the PI3K/AKT pathway is overactivated in most OS patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by repressing mRNA translation or degrading mRNA. MiRNAs are enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, and aberrant PI3K/AKT pathway activation is involved in the development of osteosarcoma. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs can regulate the biological functions of cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNA/PI3K/AKT axis can regulate the expression of osteosarcoma-related genes and then regulate cancer progression. MiRNA expression associated with PI3K/AKT pathway is also clearly associated with many clinical features. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway-associated miRNAs are potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment. This article reviews recent research advances on the role and clinical application of PI3K/AKT pathway and miRNA/PI3K/AKT axis in the development of osteosarcoma.
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Liu H, Peng J, Huang L, Ruan D, Li Y, Yuan F, Tu Z, Huang K, Zhu X. The role of lysosomal peptidases in glioma immune escape: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154146. [PMID: 37398678 PMCID: PMC10311646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, which has the characteristics of strong invasion, frequent recurrence, and rapid progression. These characteristics are inseparable from the evasion of glioma cells from immune killing, which makes immune escape a great obstacle to the treatment of glioma, and studies have confirmed that glioma patients with immune escape tend to have poor prognosis. The lysosomal peptidase lysosome family plays an important role in the immune escape process of glioma, which mainly includes aspartic acid cathepsin, serine cathepsin, asparagine endopeptidases, and cysteine cathepsins. Among them, the cysteine cathepsin family plays a prominent role in the immune escape of glioma. Numerous studies have confirmed that glioma immune escape mediated by lysosomal peptidases has something to do with autophagy, cell signaling pathways, immune cells, cytokines, and other mechanisms, especially lysosome organization. The relationship between protease and autophagy is more complicated, and the current research is neither complete nor in-depth. Therefore, this article reviews how lysosomal peptidases mediate the immune escape of glioma through the above mechanisms and explores the possibility of lysosomal peptidases as a target of glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linzhen Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zewei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
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90
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Yu Q, Zhang R, Li T, Yang L, Zhou Z, Hou L, Wu W, Zhao R, Chen X, Yao Y, Huang S, Chen L. Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Activates PTEN and Inactivates Akt Leading to Autophagy Inhibition-Dependent Cell Death in Neuronal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3345-3364. [PMID: 36853430 PMCID: PMC10924433 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Defective autophagy relates to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a typical neurodegenerative disease. Our recent study has demonstrated that PD toxins (6-OHDA, MPP+, or rotenone) induce neuronal apoptosis by impeding the AMPK/Akt-mTOR signaling. Here, we show that treatment with 6-OHDA, MPP+, or rotenone triggered decreases of ATG5/LC3-II and autophagosome formation with a concomitant increase of p62 in PC12, SH-SY5Y cells, and primary neurons, suggesting inhibition of autophagy. Interestingly, overexpression of wild-type ATG5 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PD toxins on autophagy, reducing neuronal apoptosis. The effects of PD toxins on autophagy and apoptosis were found to be associated with activation of PTEN and inactivation of Akt. Overexpression of dominant negative PTEN, constitutively active Akt and/or pretreatment with rapamycin rescued the cells from PD toxins-induced downregulation of ATG5/LC3-II and upregulation of p62, as well as consequential autophagosome diminishment and apoptosis in the cells. The effects of PD toxins on autophagy and apoptosis linked to excessive intracellular and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, as evidenced by using a H2O2-scavenging enzyme catalase, a mitochondrial superoxide indicator MitoSOX and a mitochondria-selective superoxide scavenger Mito-TEMPO. Furthermore, we observed that treatment with PD toxins reduced the protein level of Parkin in the cells. Knockdown of Parkin alleviated the effects of PD toxins on H2O2 production, PTEN/Akt activity, autophagy, and apoptosis in the cells, whereas overexpression of wild-type Parkin exacerbated these effects of PD toxins, implying the involvement of Parkin in the PD toxins-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, the results indicate that PD toxins can elicit mitochondrial H2O2, which can activate PTEN and inactivate Akt leading to autophagy inhibition-dependent neuronal apoptosis, and Parkin plays a critical role in this process. Our findings suggest that co-manipulation of the PTEN/Akt/autophagy signaling by antioxidants may be exploited for the prevention of neuronal loss in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Xinyang University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Chixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Awale S, Baba H, Phan ND, Kim MJ, Maneenet J, Sawaki K, Kanda M, Okumura T, Fujii T, Okada T, Maruyama T, Okada T, Toyooka N. Targeting Pancreatic Cancer with Novel Plumbagin Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Mechanism, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37257133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors grow in an "austerity" tumor microenvironment characterized by nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. This leads to the activation of adaptive pathways in pancreatic cancer cells, promoting tolerance to nutrition starvation and aggressive malignancy. Conventional anticancer drugs are often ineffective against tumors that grow in such austerity condition. Plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone, has shown potent preferential cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions. Therefore, we synthesized a series of plumbagin derivatives and found that 2-(cyclohexylmethyl)-plumbagin (3f) was the most promising compound with a PC50 value of 0.11 μM. Mechanistically, 3f was found to inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, leading to cancer cell death under nutrient-deprived conditions. In vivo studies using pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models confirmed the efficacy of 3f, demonstrating significant inhibition of tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 3f represents a highly promising lead for anticancer drug development based on an antiausterity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nguyen Duy Phan
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Juthamart Maneenet
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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92
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Wang H, Chen M, Yang C, Hu H, Jiang Y, Yang F, Lv L. SNRPD1 inhibition suppresses the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109661. [PMID: 37268273 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D1 (SNRPD1) has been reported as an oncogene in some solid cancers. Our previous study suggested that SNRPD1 has diagnostic and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its role in tumor growth and biological behavior remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to unravel the role and mechanism of SNRPD1 in HCC. METHODS We investigated the SNRPD1 mRNA level in adjacent normal liver tissues and HCC tissues with different tumor stages in the UALCAN database. The associations between SNRPD1 mRNA expression and HCC prognosis were investigated in TCGA database. Then, 52 pairs of frozen HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal liver tissues were collected to perform qPCR and immunohistochemistry assay. Next, we carried out a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo to investigate the effects of SNRPD1 expression on cell invasion, migration, proliferation, autophagy, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. RESULTS The bioinformatics analysis and qPCR in our patient cohort demonstrated that the SNRPD1 mRNA level in HCC tissues was higher than in adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the immunohistochemistry assay exhibited an increased SNRPD1 protein level with the tumor stage increase. Survival analysis suggested that higher expression of SNRPD1 was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with HCC. The functional experiments in vitro indicated that SNRPD1 knockdown suppressed the cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities. Furthermore, SNRPD1 inhibition induced cellular apoptosis and arrested the HCC cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that SNRPD1 knockdown induced the increase of autophagic vacuoles and the expression of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG7, and ATG12) and blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway in vitro. Moreover, SNRPD1 inhibition suppressed tumor growth and expression of the Ki67 protein in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SNRPD1 may serve as an oncogene in HCC and promote tumor proliferation via inhibiting autophagy induced through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Team, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China.
| | - Minyong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
| | - Chengkai Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
| | - Huanzhang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China.
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93
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Chou YN, Lee MM, Deng JS, Jiang WP, Lin JG, Huang GJ. Water Extract from Brown Strain of Flammulina velutipes Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagy via PI3K/AKT Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119448. [PMID: 37298398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most popular edible mushrooms in the world, Flammulina velutipes, has been shown to possess pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the potential activity of the brown strain of F. velutipes, a hybrid between the white and yellow strains, has not been thoroughly investigated. Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to determine whether natural products can aid in improving or treating kidney diseases. In this study, we focused on the renoprotective effects of the brown strain of F. velutipes on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. Mice were pretreated with water extract from the brown strain of F. velutipes (WFV) from day 1 to day 10, with a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin on day 7 to induce AKI. Our results demonstrated that WFV administration resulted in a reduction in weight loss and the amelioration of renal function and renal histological changes in mice with cisplatin-induced AKI. WFV improved antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory capacity by increasing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing inflammatory factors. The expression of related proteins was determined via Western blot analysis, which showed that WFV could improve the expression of apoptosis and autophagy. We used the PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin and found that WFV achieved a protective effect by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and the expression of autophagy. Overall, WFV as a natural substance could be used as a new therapeutic agent for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Chou
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Min-Min Lee
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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94
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Deng J, Wang Q, Xu H, Li G, Liu S, Chen Y, Yu F, Yan W, Zeng H, Liu P. A Systematic Study of Anti-Osteosarcoma Mechanism of pH-Sensitive Charge-Conversion Cinnamaldehyde Polymeric Prodrug Micelles In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1524. [PMID: 37371619 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm, and it is of great significance to the fabrication and investigation of the anti-tumor mechanism of nanomedicine in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Herein, a cinnamaldehyde polymeric prodrug micelle with pH-sensitive charge-conversion ability (mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA)) was fabricated, and the anti-osteosarcoma mechanism of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelle was investigated. mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles were prepared by self-assembly method, and their diameter was 227 nm. mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles could regulate the cell cycle and inhibit the proliferation of 143B cells, which was demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis, CCK-8 assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. The wound-healing assay and transwell assay showed that mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of 143B cells. It was proven that mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles downregulated the levels of proliferation and apoptosis-related proteins and affected osteosarcoma migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles can also inhibit the transcriptional activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, these findings provide new evidence for the pharmacological effects of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Qichang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Su Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yixiao Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fei Yu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Weiqiang Yan
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Peng Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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95
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Du H, Jin X, Jin S, Zhang D, Chen Q, Jin X, Wang C, Qian G, Ding H. Anti-Leukemia Activity of Polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme via the PI3K/AKT/BAD Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:289. [PMID: 37233483 PMCID: PMC10221275 DOI: 10.3390/md21050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that Sargassum fusiforme and its extracts are effective herbal treatments for leukemia. We previously found that a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme, SFP 2205, stimulated apoptosis in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. However, the structural characterization and antitumoral mechanisms of SFP 2205 remain uncertain. Here, we studied the structural characteristics and anticancer mechanisms of SFP 2205 in HEL cells and a xenograft mouse model. The results demonstrated that SFP 2205, with a molecular weight of 41.85 kDa, consists of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, glucose, and fucose with monosaccharides composition of 14.2%, 9.4%, 11.8%, 13.7%, 11.0%, and 38.3%, respectively. On animal assays, SFP 2205 significantly inhibited growth of HEL tumor xenografts with no discernible toxicity to normal tissues. Western blotting showed that SFP 2205 therapy improved Bad, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein expression, and ultimately induced HEL tumor apoptosis, indicating mitochondrial pathway involvement. Furthermore, SFP 2205 blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and 740 Y-P, an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway, rescued the effects of SFP 2205 on HEL cell proliferation and apoptosis. Overall, SFP 2205 may be a potential functional food additive or adjuvant for preventing or treating leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (H.D.); (X.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (Q.C.); (X.J.); (C.W.)
| | - Haomiao Ding
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; (H.D.); (X.J.); (S.J.); (D.Z.); (Q.C.); (X.J.); (C.W.)
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Pizzimenti C, Fiorentino V, Franchina M, Martini M, Giuffrè G, Lentini M, Silvestris N, Di Pietro M, Fadda G, Tuccari G, Ieni A. Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092622. [PMID: 37174088 PMCID: PMC10177137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Herein, we analyse the molecular mechanisms as well as the regulatory pathways of autophagy, mainly addressing their involvement in human astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, the relationships between autophagy, the tumour immune microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are discussed. Finally, an excursus concerning autophagy-targeting agents is included in the present review in order to obtain additional information for the better treatment and management of therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pizzimenti
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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97
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Liu S, Su Y, Lu Z, Zou X, Xu L, Teng Y, Wang Z, Wang T. The SFTSV Nonstructural Proteins Induce Autophagy to Promote Viral Replication via Interaction with Vimentin. J Virol 2023; 97:e0030223. [PMID: 37039677 PMCID: PMC10134822 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00302-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly identified phlebovirus associated with severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Studies have shown that SFTSV nucleoprotein (N) induces BECN1-dependent autophagy to promote viral assembly and release. However, the function of other SFTSV proteins in regulating autophagy has not been reported. In this study, we identify SFTSV NSs, a nonstructural protein that forms viroplasm-like structures in the cytoplasm of infected cells as the virus component mediating SFTSV-induced autophagy. We found that SFTSV NSs-induced autophagy was inclusion body independent, and most phenuivirus NSs had autophagy-inducing effects. Unlike N protein-induced autophagy, SFTSV NSs was key in regulating autophagy by interacting with the host's vimentin in an inclusion body-independent manner. NSs interacted with vimentin and induced vimentin degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This negatively regulating Beclin1-vimentin complex formed and promoted autophagy. Furthermore, we identified the NSs-binding domain of vimentin and found that overexpression of wild-type vimentin antagonized the induced effect of NSs on autophagy and inhibited viral replication, suggesting that vimentin is a potential antiviral target. The present study shows a novel mechanism through which SFTSV nonstructural protein activates autophagy, which provides new insights into the role of NSs in SFTSV infection and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes multifunctional organ failure and even death in humans. As a housekeeping mechanism for cells to maintain steady state, autophagy plays a dual role in viral infection and the host's immune response. However, the relationship between SFTSV infection and autophagy has not been described in detail yet. Here, we demonstrated that SFTSV infection induced complete autophagic flux and facilitated viral proliferation. We also identified a key mechanism underlying NSs-induced autophagy, in which NSs interacted with vimentin to inhibit the formation of the Beclin1-vimentin complex and induced vimentin degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination modification. These findings may help us understand the new functions and mechanisms of NSs and may aid in the identification of new antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yazhi Su
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuozhuang Lu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Leling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, China
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98
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Tang J, Zhang J, Lu Y, He J, Wang H, Liu B, Tu C, Li Z. Novel insights into the multifaceted roles of m 6A-modified LncRNAs in cancers: biological functions and therapeutic applications. Biomark Res 2023; 11:42. [PMID: 37069649 PMCID: PMC10111779 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is considered as the most common and important internal transcript modification in several diseases like type 2 diabetes, schizophrenia and especially cancer. As a main target of m6A methylation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to regulate cellular processes at various levels, including epigenetic modification, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that m6A-modified lncRNAs greatly participate in the tumorigenesis of cancers. In this review, we systematically summarized the biogenesis of m6A-modified lncRNAs and the identified m6A-lncRNAs in a variety of cancers, as well as their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, hoping to shed light on the novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Binfeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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99
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Mao C, Wang Y, Xu Z, Wang X, Fang B, Chen H. Luteolin-Zn Complex Inhibits Invasion and Migration of M2-Like TAMs via the Downregulation of AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Under Hypoxia. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231167996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The high mortality rate of malignant tumors is often attributable to the loss of surgical opportunities due to late diagnosis when invasion and metastasis have significantly affected the patient. A hypoxic microenvironment can promote the progression of malignant tumors. This study explored the invasion resistance and migration ability of luteolin-Zn complexes. Methods: We created a low-oxygen environment using a 3-atmosphere incubator. The appropriate drug concentration was determined using the CCK8 experiment. We determined its role in cell invasion and migration through scratch and transwell experiments. Western blotting, polymerase chain reaction, and cellular immunity experiments were used to study the mechanism and its impact on the secretion of invasion and migration factors. Results: Our results indicated that the luteolin-Zn complex significantly reduced MMP2, MMP9, N-Ca, and HIF-1ɑ expression. It also upregulated TIMP1 and E-Ca expression. Moreover, its capabilities may be achieved by regulating the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Conclusions: The luteolin-Zn complex was highly resistant to the invasion and migration of M2-like tumor-related macrophages. This may exert a unique influence on mTOR by integrating various signals. This study suggests that the luteolin-Zn complex has a strong anticancer effect under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Yongling Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Sanya Rehabilitation Center of Joint Support Forces, Hainan, China
| | | | - Binbo Fang
- Department of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, China
| | - Haihua Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
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100
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Lv M, Yao T, Zhang Y, Ma S, Chen J, Tang Z, Zang G, Chen X. Exosomes loading Tapasin enhance T cell immune response by autophagy to inhibit HBV replication. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28746. [PMID: 37185848 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific T cell immune response plays a vital role in viral clearance. Dendritic cell derived exosomes (Dexs) can activate T cell immunity effectively. Tapasin (TPN) is involved in antigen processing and specific immune recognition. In the present study, we elucidated that Dexs loading TPN (TPN-Dexs) could enhance CD8+ T cell immune response and inhibit virus replication in HBV transgenic mice. T cell immune response and the ability of inhibiting HBV replication were measured in HBV transgenic mice immunized with TPN-Dexs. Meanwhile, CD8+ T cell autophagy and specific T cell immune responses were measured in vitro and vivo, and the mechanisms probably involved in were explored. Purified TPN-Dexs could be taken up into the cytoplasm of DCs and upregulate CD8+ T cell autophagy to enhance specific T cell immune response. In addition, TPN-Dexs could increase the expression of AKT and decrease the expression of mTOR in CD8+ T cells. Further research confirmed that TPN-Dexs could inhibit virus replication and decrease the expression of HBsAg in the liver of HBV transgenic mice. Nevertheless, those also could elicit mice hepatocytes damage. In conclusion, TPN-Dexs could enhance specific CD8+ T cell immune responses via the AKT/mTOR pathway to regulate the autophagy and exert the antiviral effect in HBV transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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