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Going at the heart of social cognition: is there a role for interoception in self-other distinction? Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 24:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Peviani V, Magnani FG, Ciricugno A, Vecchi T, Bottini G. Rubber Hand Illusion survives Ventral Premotor area inhibition: A rTMS study. Neuropsychologia 2018; 120:18-24. [PMID: 30266289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sense of body ownership is a fundamental feature that refers to the ability to recognize our body as our own, allowing us to interact properly with the outside world. Usually, it is explored by means of the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) during which a dummy hand is incorporated in the mental representation of one's own body throughout a multisensory (visuo-tactile) integration mechanism. Particular attention has been paid to the neurofunctional counterparts of this mechanism highlighting the pivotal role of an occipito-parieto-frontal network involving the Ventral Premotor area (PMv). To date, the specific role of the PMv in generating the sense of ownership is still unknown. In this study, we aimed at exploring the role of PMv in generating and experiencing the RHI. Off-line repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) was applied to a group of 24 healthy participants whilst changes in proprioceptive judgment and self-reported illusion sensations were collected and analysed separately. The PMv was not directly implicated in generating the sense of ownership. Indeed, its inhibition affected the explicit detection of the visuo-tactile congruence without interfering with the illusion experience itself. We hypothesized that the conscious visuo-tactile congruence detection may be independent from the conscious illusion experience. Also, our results support the view that the RHI grounds on a complex interaction between bottom-up and top-down processes, as the visuo-tactile integration per se may be not sufficient to trigger the subjective illusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Peviani
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - F G Magnani
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy; NeuroMi - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Ciricugno
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Via Mondino, 27100 Pavia Italy.
| | - T Vecchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Via Mondino, 27100 Pavia Italy.
| | - G Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi, 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy; NeuroMi - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
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53
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Ipsilateral somatosensory responses in humans: the tonic activity of SII and posterior insular cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:9-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bartur G, Pratt H, Frenkel-Toledo S, Soroker N. Neurophysiological effects of mirror visual feedback in stroke patients with unilateral hemispheric damage. Brain Res 2018; 1700:170-180. [PMID: 30194016 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mirror visual feedback (MVF; the illusory perception of movement in one hand upon viewing the moving opposite hand in a midsagittal mirror) is thought to facilitate restoration of mal-adaptive neurophysiological processes underlying conditions like complex regional pain syndrome and phantom limb pain, and to have a positive effect on brain plasticity processes underlying motor recovery after stroke. However, its exact mode of action remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to explore the immediate neurophysiological effects of MVF in patients with stroke-related hemiparesis. We also investigated how these effects relate to lesion location and extent. METHOD EEG and EMG data were obtained from 14 first-event sub-acute stroke patients (8 with right-, 6 with left-hemiparesis) during repeated wrist extension movements of the Non-paretic Upper-Limb (NUL), without (NUL/M-) and with (NUL/M+) a midsagittal mirror, as well as during bilateral movements with a mirror (Bil/M+). EEG data was correlated with normalized lesion data obtained from follow-up CT scans. RESULTS NUL movement was accompanied by an asymmetric event-related de-synchronization (ERD) of low-beta EEG oscillations, with a more conspicuous ERD in the non-affected hemisphere. In the mirror condition, ERD magnitude was attenuated in both hemispheres. Stronger attenuation in the non-affected hemisphere abolished the hemispheric asymmetry. ERD attenuation by the mirror was affected by lesion side, the severity of hemiparesis and by lesion location and extent. CONCLUSION Following hemispheric stroke, the magnitude of low-beta ERD accompanying unilateral movement of the non-involved upper limb, and its hemispheric asymmetry, are both reduced by MVF. Low-beta ERD dynamics may serve as a marker of neurophysiological response to MVF in research aimed to elucidate the factors influencing patients' clinical gain from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Bartur
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy, Reuth Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Hillel Pratt
- Evoked Potentials Laboratory, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Silvi Frenkel-Toledo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Loewenstein Hospital, Raanana, Israel
| | - Nachum Soroker
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Loewenstein Hospital, Raanana, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Hiromitsu K, Asai T, Saito S, Shigemune Y, Hamamoto K, Shinoura N, Yamada R, Midorikawa A. Measuring the sense of self in brain-damaged patients: A STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12156. [PMID: 30200113 PMCID: PMC6133420 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have focused on the embodied sense of self (ESS), which consists of the minimal and narrative selves. Although a study demonstrated that the ESS is related to brain dysfunction empirically, the subjective aspects of the ESS, and a systematic approach to it, have not yet been examined in brain-damaged patients. To examine this, we measured the ESS of patients with brain tumors before and after awake craniotomy.A self-reported questionnaire called the Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS) was used to measure the ESS in patients with brain tumors before and after surgery. For comparison, age-matched controls also completed the ESSS.The ESSS scores of the patients with brain tumors before surgery were higher than those of the controls and improved after surgery. Before surgery, patients with left hemispheric lesions had a poorer ESSS than those with right hemispheric lesions. Episodic memory disturbance was highly correlated with malfunction of narrative self and ownership.Brain lesions were associated with anomalous ESSS, associated with hemispheric laterality and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hiromitsu
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo
| | - Tomohisa Asai
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto
| | - Shoko Saito
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo
| | - Yayoi Shigemune
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo
| | - Kanako Hamamoto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo
| | - Nobusada Shinoura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Midorikawa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo
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Rocca MA, Fumagalli S, Pagani E, Gatti R, Riccitelli GC, Preziosa P, Comi G, Falini A, Filippi M. Action observation training modifies brain gray matter structure in healthy adult individuals. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1343-1352. [PMID: 27730478 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Action observation training (AOT) is thought to facilitate motor system function. We applied voxelwise methods to assess the regional modifications of brain gray matter (GM) volumes and white matter (WM) architecture in healthy subjects following AOT and their correlations with improvements at motor and cognitive functional scales. Forty-two righ-handed healthy subjects were randomized into an experimental (AOT-G, n = 20) and a control (C-G, n = 22) group. The training lasted 2 weeks and consisted of 10 sessions of 45 min each during which subjects watched videos of daily-life actions (AOT-G) or landscapes (C-G), alternated by the execution with the right hand of actions presented in the AOT-G videos. At baseline and follow up, motor and cognitive functional measures as well as brain structural MRI scans were obtained. Tensor-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to map longitudinal modifications of GM and WM structures and their correlation with functional scales. After training, both groups improved at cognitive tests, whereas the AOT-G also improved hand motor performance. Following training, no modifications of WM diffusion tensor MRI indexes were detected. After training, compared to C-G, AOT-G had increased volume of the left superior frontal gyrus and decreased volume of the right lingual gyrus. Compared to AOT-G, C-G showed increased volume of the right middle frontal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus. In AOT-G, GM volume changes correlated with improvements at cognitive tests. Ten-day AOT in healthy individuals modifies GM structure, promoting structural brain plasticity and functional competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fumagalli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianna C Riccitelli
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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57
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Braun N, Debener S, Spychala N, Bongartz E, Sörös P, Müller HHO, Philipsen A. The Senses of Agency and Ownership: A Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 29713301 PMCID: PMC5911504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Usually, we do not question that we possess a body and act upon the world. This pre-reflective awareness of being a bodily and agentive self can, however, be disrupted by different clinical conditions. Whereas sense of ownership (SoO) describes the feeling of mineness toward one's own body parts, feelings or thoughts, sense of agency (SoA) refers to the experience of initiating and controlling an action. Although SoA and SoO naturally coincide, both experiences can also be made in isolation. By using many different experimental paradigms, both experiences have been extensively studied over the last years. This review introduces both concepts, with a special focus also onto their interplay. First, current experimental paradigms, results and neurocognitive theories about both concepts will be presented and then their clinical and therapeutic relevance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Spychala
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Edith Bongartz
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Sörös
- Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Helge H. O. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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58
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Avanzini P, Pelliccia V, Lo Russo G, Orban GA, Rizzolatti G. Multiple time courses of somatosensory responses in human cortex. Neuroimage 2018; 169:212-226. [PMID: 29248698 PMCID: PMC5864517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we show how anatomical and functional data recorded from patients undergoing stereo-EEG can be used to decompose the cortical processing following nerve stimulation in different stages characterized by specific topography and time course. Tibial, median and trigeminal nerves were stimulated in 96 patients, and the increase in gamma power was evaluated over 11878 cortical sites. All three nerve datasets exhibited similar clusters of time courses: phasic, delayed/prolonged and tonic, which differed in topography, temporal organization and degree of spatial overlap. Strong phasic responses of the three nerves followed the classical somatotopic organization of SI, with no overlap in either time or space. Delayed responses presented overlaps between pairs of body parts in both time and space, and were confined to the dorsal motor cortices. Finally, tonic responses occurred in the perisylvian region including posterior insular cortex and were evoked by the stimulation of all three nerves, lacking any spatial and temporal specificity. These data indicate that the somatosensory processing following nerve stimulation is a multi-stage hierarchical process common to all three nerves, with the different stages likely subserving different functions. While phasic responses represent the neural basis of tactile perception, multi-nerve tonic responses may represent the neural signature of processes sustaining the capacity to become aware of tactile stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Avanzini
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR, Parma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Italy.
| | - V Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Italy; Centro per la chirurgia dell'Epilessia "Claudio Munari", Ospedale Ca'Granda-Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - G Lo Russo
- Centro per la chirurgia dell'Epilessia "Claudio Munari", Ospedale Ca'Granda-Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - G A Orban
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Italy
| | - G Rizzolatti
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR, Parma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Parma, Italy
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59
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Ghaziri J, Tucholka A, Girard G, Houde JC, Boucher O, Gilbert G, Descoteaux M, Lippé S, Rainville P, Nguyen DK. The Corticocortical Structural Connectivity of the Human Insula. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1216-1228. [PMID: 26683170 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula is a complex structure involved in a wide range of functions. Tracing studies on nonhuman primates reveal a wide array of cortical connections in the frontal (orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortices, cingulate areas and supplementary motor area), parietal (primary and secondary somatosensory cortices) and temporal (temporal pole, auditory, prorhinal and entorhinal cortices) lobes. However, recent human tractography studies have not observed connections between the insula and the cingulate cortices, although these structures are thought to be functionally intimately connected. In this work, we try to unravel the structural connectivity between these regions and other known functionally connected structures, benefiting from a higher number of subjects and the latest state-of-the-art high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography algorithms with anatomical priors. By performing an HARDI tractography analysis on 46 young normal adults, our study reveals a wide array of connections between the insula and the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes as well as limbic regions, with a rostro-caudal organization in line with tracing studies in macaques. Notably, we reveal for the first time in humans a clear structural connectivity between the insula and the cingulate, parahippocampal, supramarginal and angular gyri as well as the precuneus and occipital regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ghaziri
- Département de Neurosciences.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Département de Radiologie, CHUM hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Houde
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Département de Stomatologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Département de Neurosciences.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Service de Neurologie, CHUM Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada
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60
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Tomasino B, Nobile M, Re M, Bellina M, Garzitto M, Arrigoni F, Molteni M, Fabbro F, Brambilla P. The mental simulation of state/psychological verbs in the adolescent brain: An fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2018; 123:34-46. [PMID: 29505944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This fMRI study investigated mental simulation of state/psychological and action verbs during adolescence. Sixteen healthy subjects silently read verbs describing a motor scene or not (STIMULUS: motor, state/psychological verbs) and they were explicitly asked to imagine the situation or they performed letter detection preventing them from using simulation (TASK: imagery vs. letter detection). A significant task by stimuli interaction showed that imagery of state/psychological verbs, as compared to action stimuli (controlled by the letter detection) selectively increased activation in the right supramarginal gyrus/rolandic operculum and in the right insula, and decreased activation in the right intraparietal sulcus. We compared these data to those from a group of older participants (Tomasino et al. 2014a). Activation in the left supramarginal gyrus decreased for the latter group (as compared to the present group) for imagery of state/psychological verbs. By contrast, activation in the right superior frontal gyrus decreased for the former group (as compared to the older group) for imagery of state/psychological verbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasino
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Italy; Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento, PN, Italy.
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Italy; Polo Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Marta Re
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Italy; Polo Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Monica Bellina
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Italy; Polo Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | | | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Italy; Polo Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Italy; Polo Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | | | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
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61
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Salomon R, Ronchi R, Dönz J, Bello-Ruiz J, Herbelin B, Faivre N, Schaller K, Blanke O. Insula mediates heartbeat related effects on visual consciousness. Cortex 2018; 101:87-95. [PMID: 29459283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interoceptive signals, such as the heartbeat, are processed in a network of brain regions including the insular cortex. Recent studies have shown that such signals modulate perceptual and cognitive processing, and that they impact visual awareness. For example, visual stimuli presented synchronously to the heartbeat take longer to enter visual awareness than the same stimuli presented asynchronously to the heartbeat, and this is reflected in anterior insular activation. This finding demonstrated a link between the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals as well as visual awareness in the insular cortex. The advantage for visual stimuli which are asynchronous to the heartbeat to enter visual consciousness may indicate a role for the anterior insula in the suppression of the sensory consequences of cardiac signals. Here, we present data from the detailed investigation of two patients with insular lesions (as well as four patients with non-insular lesions and healthy age matched controls) indicating that a lesion of the anterior insular cortex, but not of other regions, abolished this cardio-visual suppression effect. The present data provide causal evidence for the role of the anterior insula in the integration of internal interoceptive and external sensory signals for visual awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Salomon
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Roberta Ronchi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Dönz
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier Bello-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Faivre
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre d'Economie de La Sorbonne, CNRS UMR, Paris, France
| | - Karl Schaller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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62
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Oddo-Sommerfeld S, Hänggi J, Coletta L, Skoruppa S, Thiel A, Stirn AV. Brain activity elicited by viewing pictures of the own virtually amputated body predicts xenomelia. Neuropsychologia 2018; 108:135-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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63
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Randerath J, Finkel L, Shigaki C, Burris J, Nanda A, Hwang P, Frey SH. Does it fit? - Impaired affordance perception after stroke. Neuropsychologia 2017; 108:92-102. [PMID: 29203202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Affordance perception comprises the evaluation of whether our given bodily capabilities and properties of the environment allow particular actions. Typical impairments after left brain damage in motor cognition as well as after right brain damage in visuo-spatial abilities may affect the evaluation of whether interactions with objects are possible. Further it is unclear whether deficient motor function is accounted for when deciding upon action opportunities. For these purposes we developed a paradigm with two tasks that differ in their type of demands on affordance perception and tested it in healthy young adults (Randerath and Frey, 2016). Here, we applied one of these two tasks in stroke patients and age matched healthy participants. A sample of 34 stroke patients with either left (LBD) or right brain damage (RBD) and 29 healthy controls made decisions about whether their hands would fit through a defined horizontal aperture presented in various sizes, while they remained still. Data was analyzed using a detection theory approach and included criterion, perceptual sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy as dependent variables. In addition we applied modern voxel based lesion analyses to explore neural correlates. Compared to controls, both patient groups demonstrated lower perceptual sensitivity. As predicted, increased motor cognitive deficiencies after left brain damage and visuo-spatial deficits after right brain damage were associated with worse performance. Preliminary lesion analyses demonstrated that next to lesions in ventro-dorsal regions, damage in the cortex-claustrum-cingulate pathway may affect perceptual sensitivity. Results were similar for left and right brain damage suggesting a bilateral network. Accordingly, we propose that perceptual sensitivity for affordance based judgments is a capability depending on motor-cognitive and visuo-spatial processing, which frequently is deficient after left or right brain damage, respectively. Further research on diagnostics and training in affordance perception after brain damage is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation and Health Sciences at the University of Konstanz, Schmieder Foundation for Sciences and Research, Allensbach, Germany; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, MO, USA.
| | - Lisa Finkel
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Lurija Institute for Rehabilitation and Health Sciences at the University of Konstanz, Schmieder Foundation for Sciences and Research, Allensbach, Germany
| | | | - Joe Burris
- Rusk Rehabilitation Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ashish Nanda
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Neurology, SSM Health Medical Group, Fenton, MO, USA
| | - Peter Hwang
- Rusk Rehabilitation Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, MO, USA
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64
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Watanabe R, Higuchi T, Kikuchi Y, Taira M. Visuomotor effects of body part movements presented in the first-person perspective on imitative behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6218-6229. [PMID: 28929542 PMCID: PMC6867061 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitative stimuli presented from a first-person perspective (FPP) produce stronger visuomotor effects than those presented from a third-person perspective (TPP) due to the relatively greater response of the mirror neuron system (MNS) to FPP stimuli. Some previous studies utilizing TPP stimuli have reported no differences in MNS activity between moving and static bodies' stimuli. However, few studies have compared visuomotor effects of such stimuli when presented in the FPP. To clarify this issue, we measured cortical activation in 17 participants during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imitation task involving three conditions: moving (a lifting finger was presented), static (an "X" appeared on a static finger), and control (an "X" appeared on a button). All stimuli were presented from the FPP or TPP. Participants were asked to lift the finger corresponding to the imitative stimulus. In the FPP condition, moving stimuli elicited greater MNS activation than static stimuli. Furthermore, such movement effects were stronger in the MNS and insula (a region associated with body-ownership) for FPP stimuli than for TPP stimuli. Psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed increased connectivity between the MNS and insula for moving stimuli in the FPP condition. These findings suggest that bodily movements presented in the FPP elicit a greater visuomotor response than static body presented in the FPP, and that the visuomotor effects of bodily movements were greater in the FPP condition than in the TPP condition. Our analyses further indicated that such responses are processed via the neural system underlying body-ownership. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6218-6229, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Watanabe
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)TokyoJapan
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Division of Human Health SciencesGraduate School of Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Frontier Health Science, Division of Human Health SciencesGraduate School of Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masato Taira
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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65
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van der Westhuizen D, Moore J, Solms M, van Honk J. Testosterone facilitates the sense of agency. Conscious Cogn 2017; 56:58-67. [PMID: 29065316 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sense of agency (SoA) refers to feelings of being in control of one's actions. Evidence suggests that SoA might contribute towards higher-order feelings of personal control - a key attribute of powerful individuals. Whether testosterone, a steroid hormone linked to power in dominance hierarchies, also influences the SoA is not yet established. In a repeated-measures design, 26 females participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test the effects of 0.5 mg testosterone on SoA, using an implicit measure based upon perceived shifts in time between a voluntary action and its outcome. Illusions of control, as operationalized by optimism in affective forecasting, were also assessed. Testosterone increased action binding but there was no significant effect on tone binding. Affective forecasting was found to be significantly more positive on testosterone. SoA and optimistic expectations are basic manifestations of power which may contribute to feelings of infallibility often associated with dominance and testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jack van Honk
- Utrecht University, Netherlands; University of Cape Town, South Africa
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66
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The Insula Mediates Access to Awareness of Visual Stimuli Presented Synchronously to the Heartbeat. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5115-27. [PMID: 27147663 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4262-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The processing of interoceptive signals in the insular cortex is thought to underlie self-awareness. However, the influence of interoception on visual awareness and the role of the insular cortex in this process remain unclear. Here, we show in a series of experiments that the relative timing of visual stimuli with respect to the heartbeat modulates visual awareness. We used two masking techniques and show that conscious access for visual stimuli synchronous to participants' heartbeat is suppressed compared with the same stimuli presented asynchronously to their heartbeat. Two independent brain imaging experiments using high-resolution fMRI revealed that the insular cortex was sensitive to both visible and invisible cardio-visual stimulation, showing reduced activation for visual stimuli presented synchronously to the heartbeat. Our results show that interoceptive insular processing affects visual awareness, demonstrating the role of the insula in integrating interoceptive and exteroceptive signals and in the processing of conscious signals beyond self-awareness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is growing evidence that interoceptive signals conveying information regarding the internal state of the body influence perception and self-awareness. The insular cortex, which receives sensory inputs from both interoceptive and exteroceptive sources, is thought to integrate these multimodal signals. This study shows that cardiac interoceptive signals modulate awareness for visual stimuli such that visual stimuli occurring at the cardiac frequency take longer to access visual awareness and are more difficult to discriminate. Two fMRI experiments show that the insular region is sensitive to this cardio-visual synchrony even when the visual stimuli are rendered invisible through interocular masking. The results indicate a perceptual and neural suppression for visual events coinciding with cardiac interoceptive signals.
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67
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Rao IS, Kayser C. Neurophysiological Correlates of the Rubber Hand Illusion in Late Evoked and Alpha/Beta Band Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:377. [PMID: 28790906 PMCID: PMC5524680 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rubber hand illusion (RHI) allows insights into how the brain resolves conflicting multisensory information regarding body position and ownership. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported a variety of neurophysiological correlates of illusory hand ownership, with conflicting results likely originating from differences in experimental parameters and control conditions. Here, we overcome these limitations by using a fully automated and precisely-timed visuo-tactile stimulation setup to record evoked responses and oscillatory responses in participants who felt the RHI. Importantly, we relied on a combination of experimental conditions to rule out confounds of attention, body-stimulus position and stimulus duration and on the combination of two control conditions to identify neurophysiological correlates of illusory hand ownership. In two separate experiments we observed a consistent illusion-related attenuation of ERPs around 330 ms over frontocentral electrodes, as well as decreases of frontal alpha and beta power during the illusion that could not be attributed to changes in attention, body-stimulus position or stimulus duration. Our results reveal neural correlates of illusory hand ownership in late and likely higher-order rather than early sensory processes, and support a role of premotor and possibly intraparietal areas in mediating illusory body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa S Rao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Kayser
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, United Kingdom
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68
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Zamorano AM, Cifre I, Montoya P, Riquelme I, Kleber B. Insula-based networks in professional musicians: Evidence for increased functional connectivity during resting state fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4834-4849. [PMID: 28737256 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research on experience-dependent neuroplasticity in professional musicians, detailed understanding of an involvement of the insula is only now beginning to emerge. We investigated the effects of musical training on intrinsic insula-based connectivity in professional classical musicians relative to nonmusicians using resting-state functional MRI. Following a tripartite scheme of insula subdivisions, coactivation profiles were analyzed for the posterior, ventral anterior, and dorsal anterior insula in both hemispheres. While whole-brain connectivity across all participants confirmed previously reported patterns, between-group comparisons revealed increased insular connectivity in musicians relative to nonmusicians. Coactivated regions encompassed constituents of large-scale networks involved in salience detection (e.g., anterior and middle cingulate cortex), affective processing (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex and temporal pole), and higher order cognition (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the temporoparietal junction), whereas no differences were found for the reversed group contrast. Importantly, these connectivity patterns were stronger in musicians who experienced more years of musical practice, including also sensorimotor regions involved in music performance (M1 hand area, S1, A1, and SMA). We conclude that musical training triggers significant reorganization in insula-based networks, potentially facilitating high-level cognitive and affective functions associated with the fast integration of multisensory information in the context of music performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4834-4849, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Zamorano
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cifre
- University Ramon Llull, Blanquerna, FPCEE, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Riquelme
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Boris Kleber
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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69
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Blefari ML, Martuzzi R, Salomon R, Bello-Ruiz J, Herbelin B, Serino A, Blanke O. Bilateral Rolandic operculum processing underlying heartbeat awareness reflects changes in bodily self-consciousness. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1300-1312. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Blefari
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Roberto Martuzzi
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Fondation Campus Biotech Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Roy Salomon
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Javier Bello-Ruiz
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrea Serino
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Center for Neuroprosthetics; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Campus Biotech Chemin des Mines 9 1202 Geneva Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain Mind Institute; School of Life Sciences; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Neurology; Geneva University Hospital; Geneva Switzerland
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70
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Ronchi R, Heydrich L, Serino A, Blanke O. Illusory hand ownership in a patient with personal neglect for the upper limb, but no somatoparaphenia. J Neuropsychol 2017; 12:442-462. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ronchi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute; EPFL; Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences; EPFL; Switzerland
| | - Lukas Heydrich
- Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Geneva University Hospitals; Switzerland
| | - Andrea Serino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute; EPFL; Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences; EPFL; Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute; EPFL; Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, School of Life Sciences; EPFL; Switzerland
- Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Geneva University Hospitals; Switzerland
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71
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de Jong JR, Keizer A, Engel MM, Dijkerman HC. Does affective touch influence the virtual reality full body illusion? Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1781-1791. [PMID: 28289799 PMCID: PMC5435799 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The sense of how we experience our physical body as our own represents a fundamental component of human self-awareness. Body ownership can be studied with bodily illusions which are generated by inducing a visuo-tactile conflict where individuals experience illusionary ownership over a fake body or body part, such as a rubber hand. Previous studies showed that different types of touch modulate the strength of experienced ownership over a rubber hand. Specifically, participants experienced more ownership after the rubber hand illusion was induced through affective touch vs non-affective touch. It is, however, unclear whether this effect would also occur for an entire fake body. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate whether affective touch modulates the strength of ownership in a virtual reality full body illusion. To elicit this illusion, we used slow (3 cm/s; affective touch) and fast (30 cm/s; non-affective touch) stroking velocities on the participants' abdomen. Both stroking velocities were performed either synchronous or asynchronous (control condition), while participants viewed a virtual body from a first-person-perspective. In our first study, we found that participants experienced more subjective ownership over a virtual body in the affective touch condition, compared to the non-affective touch condition. In our second study, we found higher levels of subjective ownership for synchronous stimulation, compared to asynchronous, for both touch conditions, but failed to replicate the findings from study 1 that show a difference between affective and non-affective touch. We, therefore, cannot conclude unequivocally that affective touch enhances the full-body illusion. Future research is required to study the effects of affective touch on body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta R de Jong
- Experimental Psychology/Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk Keizer
- Experimental Psychology/Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manja M Engel
- Experimental Psychology/Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Chris Dijkerman
- Experimental Psychology/Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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72
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Common and distinct brain regions processing multisensory bodily signals for peripersonal space and body ownership. Neuroimage 2017; 147:602-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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73
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Lane T, Yeh SL, Tseng P, Chang AY. Timing disownership experiences in the rubber hand illusion. COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS 2017; 2:4. [PMID: 28203632 PMCID: PMC5281674 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-016-0041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Some investigators of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) have suggested that when standard RHI induction procedures are employed, if the rubber hand is experienced by participants as owned, their corresponding biological hands are experienced as disowned. Others have demurred: drawing upon a variety of experimental data and conceptual considerations, they infer that experience of the RHI might include the experience of a supernumerary limb, but that experienced disownership of biological hands does not occur. Indeed, some investigators even categorically deny that any experimental paradigm has been employed or any evidence can be adduced to support the claim that disownership experiences occur during the RHI. It goes without saying that RHI experiences can be elusive, and that there is some evidence to support claims that supernumerary limb experiences can sometimes occur. Here, however, we test the claim that the conscious experience of disownership can occur during the RHI. In order to test this claim, we developed two new online proxies—onset time for the illusion and illusion duration—and combined these with established questionnaires that concern the conscious contents of the RHI, in particular ownership/disownership experiences. Both online proxy data and post hoc questionnaire data converge in supporting the claim that disownership experiences do occur, at least when the left hand is the object of investigation. Our findings that onset time and illusion duration are reliable measures suggest that investigations of the RHI stand to benefit by devoting more attention to data collected while the RHI is being experienced, in particular data concerning temporal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lane
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU-Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Hsin-Yi District, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Yeh
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU-Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - An-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU-Research Center for Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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74
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Smit M, Kooistra DI, van der Ham IJM, Dijkerman HC. Laterality and body ownership: Effect of handedness on experience of the rubber hand illusion. Laterality 2017; 22:703-724. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2016.1273940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Smit
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D. I. Kooistra
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I. J. M. van der Ham
- Department of Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. C. Dijkerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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75
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Brosey EA, Woodward ND. Neuroanatomical correlates of perceptual aberrations in psychosis. Schizophr Res 2017; 179:125-131. [PMID: 27729190 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in body perception are common in psychotic disorders. The insula and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) are involved in body ownership and spatial perception suggesting that abnormal structure of these regions might be related to the expression of perceptual aberrations in psychosis. METHODS 58 individuals with a primary psychotic disorder and 40 healthy subjects completed the Chapman Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Grey matter volume was extracted from a-priori defined TPJ, whole insula, and insula sub-division regions-of-interest (ROIs) and correlated with PAS scores. Additionally, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis examining the correlation between voxel-wise grey matter volume and PAS scores was conducted. RESULTS PAS scores in psychosis patients correlated with bilateral whole insula (right: r=-0.30, p=0.026; left: r=-0.35, p=0.011) and right TPJ (r=-0.27, p=0.024) volumes. The correlation between grey matter volume and PAS was strongest for the posterior sub-division of the insula (right: r=-0.32, p=0.017; left: r=-0.37, p=0.006). VBM analyses confirmed the ROI results: negative correlations with PAS were identified in clusters within the posterior and dorsal anterior insula, and the right TPJ. An exploratory, whole-brain analysis also revealed two additional regions located in the left middle orbitofrontal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus that inversely correlated with PAS scores. CONCLUSIONS Perceptual aberrations in individuals with psychosis are related to lower grey matter volume in the insula and TPJ. This relationship was strongest in the posterior region of the insula and right TPJ; brain areas that have been implicated in interoception and somesthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Brosey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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76
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Mellet E, Mazoyer B, Leroux G, Joliot M, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. Cortical Asymmetries during Hand Laterality Task Vary with Hand Laterality: A fMRI Study in 295 Participants. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:628. [PMID: 27999536 PMCID: PMC5138568 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize, using fMRI, the functional asymmetries of hand laterality task (HLT) in a sample of 295 participants balanced for handedness. During HLT, participants have to decide whether the displayed picture of a hand represent a right or a left hand. Pictures of hands' back view were presented for 150 ms in the right or left hemifield. At the whole hemisphere level, we evidenced that the laterality of the hand and of the hemifield in which the picture was displayed combined their effects on the hemispheric asymmetry in an additive way. We then identified a set of 17 functional homotopic regions of interest (hROIs) including premotor, motor, somatosensory and parietal regions, whose activity and asymmetry varied with the laterality of the presented hands. When the laterality of a right hand had to be evaluated, these areas showed stronger leftward asymmetry, the hROI located in the primary motor area showing a significant larger effect than all other hROIs. In addition a subset of six parietal regions involved in visuo-motor integration together with two postcentral areas showed a variation in asymmetry with hemifield of presentation. Finally, while handedness had no effect at the hemispheric level, two regions located in the parietal operculum and intraparietal sulcus exhibited larger leftward asymmetry with right handedness independently of the hand of presentation. The present results extend those of previous works in showing a shift of asymmetries during HLT according to the hand presented in sensorimotor areas including primary motor cortex. This shift was not affected by manual preference. They also demonstrate that the coordination of visual information and handedness identification of hands relied on the coexistence of contralateral motor and visual representations in the superior parietal lobe and the postcentral gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mellet
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaelle Leroux
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293Bordeaux, France
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Brugger P, Christen M, Jellestad L, Hänggi J. Limb amputation and other disability desires as a medical condition. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3:1176-1186. [PMID: 27889011 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Some people have a profound dissatisfaction with what is considered an able-bodied state by most others. These individuals desire to be disabled, by conventional standards. In this Review, we integrate research findings about the desire for a major limb amputation or paralysis (xenomelia). Neuropsychological and neuroimaging explorations of xenomelia show functional and structural abnormalities in predominantly right hemisphere cortical circuits of higher-order bodily representation, including affective and sexual aspects of corporeal awareness. These neural underpinnings of xenomelia do not necessarily imply a neurological cause, and a full understanding of the condition requires consideration of the interface between neural and social contributions to the bodily self and the concept of disability. Irrespective of cause, disability desires are accompanied by a disabling bodily dysphoria, in many respects similar to gender dysphoria, and we suggest that they should be considered a mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brugger
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Christen
- University Research Priority Program Ethics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hänggi
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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78
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Blom RM, van Wingen GA, van der Wal SJ, Luigjes J, van Dijk MT, Scholte HS, Denys D. The Desire for Amputation or Paralyzation: Evidence for Structural Brain Anomalies in Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165789. [PMID: 27832097 PMCID: PMC5104450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) is a condition in which individuals perceive a mismatch between their internal body scheme and physical body shape, resulting in an absolute desire to be either amputated or paralyzed. The condition is hypothesized to be of congenital nature, but evidence for a neuro-anatomical basis is sparse. Methods We collected T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans on a 3T scanner in eight individuals with BIID and 24 matched healthy controls, and analyzed the data using voxel-based morphometry. Results The results showed reduced grey matter volume in the left dorsal and ventral premotor cortices and larger grey matter volume in the cerebellum (lobule VIIa) in individuals with BIID compared to controls. Conclusion The premotor cortex and cerebellum are thought to be crucial for the experience of body-ownership and the integration of multisensory information. Our results suggest that BIID is associated with structural brain anomalies and might result from a dysfunction in the integration of multisensory information, leading to the feeling of disunity between the mental and physical body shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne M. Blom
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Guido A. van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sija J. van der Wal
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Luigjes
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milenna T. van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - H. Steven Scholte
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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79
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Candini M, Farinelli M, Ferri F, Avanzi S, Cevolani D, Gallese V, Northoff G, Frassinetti F. Implicit and Explicit Routes to Recognize the Own Body: Evidence from Brain Damaged Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:405. [PMID: 27630550 PMCID: PMC5006097 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research suggested that recognizing our own body-parts and attributing a body-part to our physical self-likely involve distinct processes. Accordingly, facilitation for self-body-parts was found when an implicit, but not an explicit, self-recognition was required. Here, we assess whether implicit and explicit bodily self-recognition is mediated by different cerebral networks and can be selectively impaired after brain lesion. To this aim, right- (RBD) and left- (LBD) brain damaged patients and age-matched controls were presented with rotated pictures of either self- or other-people hands. In the Implicit task participants were submitted to hand laterality judgments. In the Explicit task they had to judge whether the hand belonged, or not, to them. In the Implicit task, controls and LBD patients, but not RBD patients, showed an advantage for self-body stimuli. In the Explicit task a disadvantage emerged for self-compared to others' body stimuli in controls as well as in patients. Moreover, when we directly compared the performance of patients and controls, we found RBD, but not LBD, patients to be impaired in both the implicit and explicit recognition of self-body-part stimuli. Conversely, no differences were found for others' body-part stimuli. Crucially, 40% RBD patients showed a selective deficit for implicit processing of self-body-part stimuli, whereas 27% of them showed a selective deficit in the explicit recognition of their own body. Additionally, we provide anatomical evidence revealing the neural basis of this dissociation. Based on both behavioral and anatomical data, we suggest that different areas of the right hemisphere underpin implicit and explicit self-body knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Candini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Farinelli
- Clinical Psychology Service, Villa Bellombra Rehabilitation Hospital Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex Colchester, UK
| | | | - Daniela Cevolani
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bellaria Hospital Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of ParmaParma, Italy; School of Advanced Study, Institute of Philosophy, University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada
| | - Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of BolognaBologna, Italy; IRCCS, Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriMantova, Italy
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80
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Graham-Schmidt KT, Martin-Iverson MT, Holmes NP, Waters F. Body representations in schizophrenia: an alteration of body structural description is common to people with schizophrenia while alterations of body image worsen with passivity symptoms. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2016; 21:354-368. [PMID: 27646600 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1231111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with schizophrenia, particularly those with passivity symptoms, often feel that their actions and thoughts are controlled by an external agent. Recent evidence has elucidated the role of body representations in the aetiology of passivity symptoms, yet one representation - body structural description - has not yet been examined. Additionally, body image has rarely been examined outside of bodily illusions (e.g., rubber hand experiments) and external validation is required. METHODS Body structural description was assessed with an in-between task and a matching body parts by location task, and body image with a questionnaire examining body distortion experiences (containing subscales assessing boundary loss, depersonalisation and body size distortions). Individuals with schizophrenia (20 with current, 12 with past and 21 with no history of passivity symptoms) and 48 healthy controls participated in the study. RESULTS People with schizophrenia (as a group) made more errors on the in-between task, but not on the matching body parts by location task. Individuals with current passivity symptoms reported greater distortions on all subscales relative to the other clinical samples, except for experiences of boundary loss which were common to both passivity symptom groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that body structural description may be altered in schizophrenia generally and body image alterations are worsened in passivity symptoms, and these alterations likely contribute to the emergence of passivity symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyran T Graham-Schmidt
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,b Statewide Department of Neurophysiology and Clinical Research Centre , Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services - Mental Health , Perth , Australia
| | - Mathew T Martin-Iverson
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.,b Statewide Department of Neurophysiology and Clinical Research Centre , Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services - Mental Health , Perth , Australia
| | | | - Flavie Waters
- b Statewide Department of Neurophysiology and Clinical Research Centre , Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services - Mental Health , Perth , Australia.,d School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
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81
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Mazzola V, Arciero G, Fazio L, Lanciano T, Gelao B, Popolizio T, Vuilleumier P, Bondolfi G, Bertolino A. What Impact does An Angry Context have Upon Us? The Effect of Anger on Functional Connectivity of the Right Insula and Superior Temporal Gyri. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:109. [PMID: 27375449 PMCID: PMC4893496 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Being in a social world requires an understanding of other people that is co-determined in its meaning by the situation at hand. Therefore, we investigated the underlying neural activation occurring when we encounter someone acting in angry or joyful situation. We hypothesized a dynamic interplay between the right insula, both involved in mapping visceral states associated with emotional experiences and autonomic control, and the bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG), part of the “social brain”, when facing angry vs. joyful situations. Twenty participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning session while watching video clips of actors grasping objects in joyful and angry situations. The analyses of functional connectivity, psychophysiological interaction (PPI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM), all revealed changes in functional connectivity associated with the angry situation. Indeed, the DCM model showed that the modulatory effect of anger increased the ipsilateral forward connection from the right insula to the right STG, while it suppressed the contralateral one. Our findings reveal a critical role played by the right insula when we are engaged in angry situations. In addition, they suggest that facing angry people modulates the effective connectivity between these two nodes associated, respectively, with autonomic responses and bodily movements and human-agent motion recognition. Taken together, these results add knowledge to the current understanding of hierarchical brain network for social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Mazzola
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry de Liaison, University Hospitals of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Department of Neuroscience, Medical School University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Giampiero Arciero
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry de Liaison, University Hospitals of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Institute of Post-Rationalist Psychology IPRARome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Popolizio
- Department of Neuroradiology, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCSS San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Department of Neuroscience, Medical School University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bondolfi
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry de Liaison, University Hospitals of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
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Di Vita A, Boccia M, Palermo L, Guariglia C. To move or not to move, that is the question! Body schema and non-action oriented body representations: An fMRI meta-analytic study. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:37-46. [PMID: 27177829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have attempted to identify the different cognitive components of body representation (BR). Due to methodological issues, the data reported in these studies are often confusing. Here we summarize the fMRI data from previous studies and explore the possibility of a neural segregation between BR supporting actions (body-schema, BS) or not (non-oriented-to-action-body-representation, NA). We performed a general activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 59 fMRI experiments and two individual meta-analyses to identify the neural substrates of different BR. Body processing involves a wide network of areas in occipital, parietal, frontal and temporal lobes. NA selectively activates the somatosensory primary cortex and the supramarginal gyrus. BS involves the primary motor area and the right extrastriate body area. Our data suggest that motor information and recognition of body parts are fundamental to build BS. Instead, sensory information and processing of the egocentric perspective are more important for NA. In conclusion, our results strongly support the idea that different and segregated neural substrates are involved in body representations orient or not to actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Liana Palermo
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham UK, UK
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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83
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Raos V, Savaki HE. Perception of actions performed by external agents presupposes knowledge about the relationship between action and effect. Neuroimage 2016; 132:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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84
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Zero in the brain: A voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping study in right hemisphere damaged patients. Cortex 2016; 77:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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85
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Douglas Y. The real malady of Marcel Proust and what it reveals about diagnostic errors in medicine. Med Hypotheses 2016; 90:14-8. [PMID: 27063078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Marcel Proust, author of À La Recherche du Temps Perdu, was considered a hypochondriac not only by the numerous specialists he consulted during his lifetime but also by every literary critic who ventured an opinion on his health, among them several clinicians. However, Proust's voluminous correspondence, as detailed in its attention to his every symptom as his novel, provides valuable clues to Proust's real, organic, and rare illness. Proust, in fact, was not only genuinely ill but far sicker than he even he believed, most likely suffering from the vascular subtype of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Ironically, Proust's own doctors and his clinician-critics replicated the same kinds of diagnostic errors clinicians still routinely make today, shedding light on the plight of patients with rare illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yellowlees Douglas
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7150, USA.
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86
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Smith AJ, Campbell RW, Harrison PK, Harrison DW. Functional cerebral space theory: Towards an integration of theory and mechanisms of left hemineglect, anosognosia, and anosodiaphoria. NeuroRehabilitation 2016; 38:147-54. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-161304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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87
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Kuttikat A, Noreika V, Shenker N, Chennu S, Bekinschtein T, Brown CA. Neurocognitive and Neuroplastic Mechanisms of Novel Clinical Signs in CRPS. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:16. [PMID: 26858626 PMCID: PMC4728301 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic, debilitating pain condition that usually arises after trauma to a limb, but its precise etiology remains elusive. Novel clinical signs based on body perceptual disturbances have been reported, but their pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Investigators have used functional neuroimaging techniques (including MEG, EEG, fMRI, and PET) to study changes mainly within the somatosensory and motor cortices. Here, we provide a focused review of the neuroimaging research findings that have generated insights into the potential neurocognitive and neuroplastic mechanisms underlying perceptual disturbances in CRPS. Neuroimaging findings, particularly with regard to somatosensory processing, have been promising but limited by a number of technique-specific factors (such as the complexity of neuroimaging investigations, poor spatial resolution of EEG/MEG, and use of modeling procedures that do not draw causal inferences) and more general factors including small samples sizes and poorly characterized patients. These factors have led to an underappreciation of the potential heterogeneity of pathophysiology that may underlie variable clinical presentation in CRPS. Also, until now, neurological deficits have been predominantly investigated separately from perceptual and cognitive disturbances. Here, we highlight the need to identify neurocognitive phenotypes of patients with CRPS that are underpinned by causal explanations for perceptual disturbances. We suggest that a combination of larger cohorts, patient phenotyping, the use of both high temporal, and spatial resolution neuroimaging methods, and the identification of simplified biomarkers is likely to be the most fruitful approach to identifying neurocognitive phenotypes in CRPS. Based on our review, we explain how such phenotypes could be characterized in terms of hierarchical models of perception and corresponding disturbances in recurrent processing involving the somatosensory, salience and executive brain networks. We also draw attention to complementary neurological factors that may explain some CRPS symptoms, including the possibility of central neuroinflammation and neuronal atrophy, and how these phenomena may overlap but be partially separable from neurocognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kuttikat
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , UK
| | - Valdas Noreika
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council , Cambridge , UK
| | - Nicholas Shenker
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , UK
| | - Srivas Chennu
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tristan Bekinschtein
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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88
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Kessner SS, Bingel U, Thomalla G. Somatosensory deficits after stroke: a scoping review. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016; 23:136-46. [PMID: 27078117 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2015.1116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, there have been increasing research activities focusing on somatosensory symptoms following stroke. However, as compared to the large number of clinical and neuroimaging studies on motor symptoms, the number of studies tracing somatosensory symptoms after stroke and their recovery is rather small. It is an ongoing discussion, to which extent somatosensory deficits after stroke influence patient's long-term outcome in motor and sensory performance and functional independence in activities of daily living. Modern brain imaging techniques allow for studying the impact of stroke lesion localization and size on acute and persisting clinical impairment. Here, we review the literature on somatosensory symptoms after stroke. We summarize epidemiological information on frequency and characteristics of somatosensory symptoms affecting all parts of the body in the acute and chronic stage of stroke. We further give an overview of brain imaging studies of stroke affecting the somatosensory system. Finally, we identify open questions which need to be addressed in future research and summarize the implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Kessner
- a Department of Neurology , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Ulrike Bingel
- a Department of Neurology , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,b Department of Neurology , University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- a Department of Neurology , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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89
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Neves MDC, Duarte DG, Albuquerque MR, Nicolato R, Neves FS, Souza-Duran FLD, Busatto G, Corrêa H. Neural correlates of hallucinations in bipolar disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 38:1-5. [PMID: 26785108 PMCID: PMC7115474 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Approximately one-half of all patients affected by bipolar disorder present with psychotic features on at least one occasion. Several studies have found that alterations in the activity of mesolimbic and prefrontal regions are related to aberrant salience in psychotic patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural correlates of a history of hallucinations in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). Methods: The sample consisted of 21 euthymic patients with BD-I and no comorbid axis I DSM-IV-TR disorders. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) was used to compare patients with and without a lifetime history of hallucinations. Preprocessing was performed using the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) algorithm for VBM in SPM8. Images were processed using optimized VBM. Results: The main finding of the present study was a reduction in gray matter volume in the right posterior insular cortex of patients with BD-I and a lifetime history of hallucinations, as compared to subjects with the same diagnosis but no history of hallucinations. Conclusions: This finding supports the presence of abnormalities in the salience network in BD patients with a lifetime history of hallucinations. These alterations may be associated with an aberrant assignment of salience to the elements of one’s own experience, which could result in psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maila de C Neves
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dante G Duarte
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Nicolato
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Neves
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio L de Souza-Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Corrêa
- Departamento de Sa�de Mental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Emami S, Guimond S, Mallar Chakravarty M, Lepage M. Cortical thickness and low insight into symptoms in enduring schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:66-72. [PMID: 26603467 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Poor insight is a common, multidimensional phenomenon in patients with schizophrenia, associated with poorer outcomes and treatment non-adherence. Yet scant research has investigated the neuronal correlates of insight into symptoms (IS), a dimension of insight that may be particularly significant in enduring schizophrenia. Sixty-six patients with enduring schizophrenia (duration >4years) and 33 healthy controls completed MRI scanning and IQ, depression, and anxiety assessments. The Scale to Assess Insight-Expanded (SAI-E) measured insight into patients' four most prominent symptoms and patients were classified into two groups: low IS (0-2; n=33), and high IS (>2; n=33). We evaluated the association between cortical thickness (CT) and insight into symptoms using two methods: (1) a between-patients region-of-interest analysis in the insula, superior temporal gyrus (STG) and frontal lobe; and (2) a whole-brain exploratory regression between patient and controls. Brain regions were segmented using a neuroanatomical atlas and vertex-wise CT analyses were conducted with CIVET, covaried for age and sex. ROI analysis revealed thinner insula cortex in patients with low IS (p<0.05, surviving FDR correction). Patients with low IS also showed significantly thinner right insula, STG, and parahippocampal cortex compared to healthy controls (p<0.05, surviving FDR correction). Regions of observed CT reductions have been hypothesized to subserve self-monitoring, error awareness, and ability to identify hallucinations. Results highlight an important association between right insula abnormalities and impaired IS in schizophrenia. The diverse clinical presentation of patients further suggests an independent relationship between symptomology and insight-related differences in CT that has been previously unexplored in enduring schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Emami
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Dept. of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Dept. of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Dept. of Psychology, McGill University, Canada; Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
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91
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Meyer S, Kessner SS, Cheng B, Bönstrup M, Schulz R, Hummel FC, De Bruyn N, Peeters A, Van Pesch V, Duprez T, Sunaert S, Schrooten M, Feys H, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Thijs V, Verheyden G. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping of stroke lesions underlying somatosensory deficits. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 10:257-66. [PMID: 26900565 PMCID: PMC4724038 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stroke lesion location and the resulting somatosensory deficit. We studied exteroceptive and proprioceptive somatosensory symptoms and stroke lesions in 38 patients with first-ever acute stroke. The Erasmus modified Nottingham Sensory Assessment was used to clinically evaluate somatosensory functioning in the arm and hand within the first week after stroke onset. Additionally, more objective measures such as the perceptual threshold of touch and somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded. Non-parametric voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed to investigate lesion contribution to different somatosensory deficits in the upper limb. Additionally, structural connectivity of brain areas that demonstrated the strongest association with somatosensory symptoms was determined, using probabilistic fiber tracking based on diffusion tensor imaging data from a healthy age-matched sample. Voxels with a significant association to somatosensory deficits were clustered in two core brain regions: the central parietal white matter, also referred to as the sensory component of the superior thalamic radiation, and the parietal operculum close to the insular cortex, representing the secondary somatosensory cortex. Our objective recordings confirmed findings from clinical assessments. Probabilistic tracking connected the first region to thalamus, internal capsule, brain stem, postcentral gyrus, cerebellum, and frontal pathways, while the second region demonstrated structural connections to thalamus, insular and primary somatosensory cortex. This study reveals that stroke lesions in the sensory fibers of the superior thalamocortical radiation and the parietal operculum are significantly associated with multiple exteroceptive and proprioceptive deficits in the arm and hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meyer
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101/bus 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon S Kessner
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bönstrup
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schulz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele De Bruyn
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101/bus 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andre Peeters
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Neurology, Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Pesch
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Neurology, Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Duprez
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Radiology, Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Radiology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Schrooten
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Feys
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101/bus 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Gerloff
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Thijs
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyden
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101/bus 1501, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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92
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Berlingeri M, Ravasio A, Cranna S, Basilico S, Sberna M, Bottini G, Paulesu E. Unrealistic representations of “the self”: A cognitive neuroscience assessment of anosognosia for memory deficit. Conscious Cogn 2015; 37:160-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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93
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Saj A, Vocat R, Vuilleumier P. Action-monitoring impairment in anosognosia for hemiplegia. Cortex 2015; 61:93-106. [PMID: 25481468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Every movement begins with action programming, and ends with a produced effect. Anosognosia for hemiplegia (AH), involving unawareness of motor deficits after brain damage, is a striking but also poorly understood symptom in clinical neurology. It has been suggested that it may result from a combination of cognitive and sensorimotor dysfunctions, including impairments in monitoring motor action and detecting the mismatch between intention and outcome. Here we investigated the relationship between motor action awareness and monitoring of self-produced movements by using a motor imaginary task, which was performed with either the intact or the affected limb. We tested 10 right brain-damaged patients, including 5 with AH, in comparison with 5 healthy controls. In a first phase, participants were asked to either realize or imagine a movement with their right or left arm. In a subsequent recognition phase, the participants had to recall whether the movement was a realized or imagined and which arm was used. AH patients performed significantly worse relative to no-AH patients and healthy controls for the left movements. Specifically, we found that AH patients believed they had realized movements with their (paralyzed) left arm even when they failed in the left execution condition. However, they also made more errors for movements actually realized with the right hand. These findings confirm that impaired action monitoring may contribute to AHP. Furthermore, our results support the notion of an action control system integrating "feedforward" signals through a comparison process between the intention and execution of movement, but also indicate that monitoring deficits in AHP are not strictly unilateral. Combined together, dysfunction of motor comparator processes and more general monitoring deficits may add up to lead to unawareness of paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Saj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Vocat
- Hospital of Valais, St-Maurice, Martigny and Sierre, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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94
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Kortekaas R, Nanetti L, Overgoor MLE, de Jong BM, Georgiadis JR. Central Somatosensory Networks Respond to a De Novo Innervated Penis: A Proof of Concept in Three Spina Bifida Patients. J Sex Med 2015; 12:1865-77. [PMID: 26293889 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spina bifida (SB) causes low spinal lesions, and patients often have absent genital sensation and a highly impaired sex life. TOMAX (TO MAX-imize sensation, sexuality and quality of life) is a surgical procedure whereby the penis is newly innervated using a sensory nerve originally targeting the inguinal area. Most TOMAX-treated SB patients initially experience penile stimulation as inguinal sensation, but eventually, the perception shifts to penis sensation with erotic feelings. The brain mechanisms mediating this perceptual shift, which are completely unknown, could hold relevance for understanding the brain's role in sexual development. AIM The aim of this study was to study how a newly perceived penis would be mapped onto the brain after a lifelong disconnection. METHODS Three TOMAX-treated SB patients participated in a functional magnetic resonance imagery experiment while glans penis, inguinal area, and index finger were stimulated with a paint brush. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Brush stimulation-induced activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and functional connectivity between SI and remote cerebral regions. RESULTS Stimulation of the re-innervated side of the glans penis and the intact contralateral inguinal area activated a very similar location on SI. Yet, connectivity analysis identified distinct SI functional networks. In all three subjects, the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and the parietal operculum-insular cortex (OIC) were functionally connected to SI activity during glans penis stimulation, but not to SI activity induced by inguinal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Investigating central somatosensory network activity to a de novo innervated penis in SB patients is feasible and informative. The consistent involvement of MCC and OIC above and beyond the brain network expected on the basis of inguinal stimulation suggests that these areas mediate the novel penis sensation in these patients. The potential role of MCC and OIC in this process is discussed, along with recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudie Kortekaas
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Nanetti
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max L E Overgoor
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke M de Jong
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janniko R Georgiadis
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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95
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Brain Regions Associated to a Kinesthetic Illusion Evoked by Watching a Video of One's Own Moving Hand. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131970. [PMID: 26287488 PMCID: PMC4544853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that kinesthetic illusions can be induced by stimulation of several sensory systems (proprioception, touch, vision…). In this study we investigated the cerebral network underlying a kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. Participants were instructed to keep their hand still while watching the video of their own moving hand (Self Hand) or that of someone else's moving hand (Other Hand). In the Self Hand condition they experienced an illusory sensation that their hand was moving whereas the Other Hand condition did not induce any kinesthetic illusion. The contrast between the Self Hand and Other Hand conditions showed significant activation in the left dorsal and ventral premotor cortices, in the left Superior and Inferior Parietal lobules, at the right Occipito-Temporal junction as well as in bilateral Insula and Putamen. Most strikingly, there was no activation in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, whilst previous studies have reported significant activation in these regions for vibration-induced kinesthetic illusions. To our knowledge, this is the first study that indicates that humans can experience kinesthetic perception without activation in the primary motor and somatosensory areas. We conclude that under some conditions watching a video of one's own moving hand could lead to activation of a network that is usually involved in processing copies of efference, thus leading to the illusory perception that the real hand is indeed moving.
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96
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Attenuation of brain grey matter volume in brachial plexus injury patients. Neurol Sci 2015; 37:51-56. [PMID: 26255300 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brachial plexus injury (BPI) causes functional changes in the brain, but the structural changes resulting from BPI remain unknown. In this study, we compared grey matter volume between nine BPI patients and ten healthy controls by means of voxel-based morphometry. This was the first study of cortical morphology in BPI. We found that brain regions including the cerebellum, anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral inferior, medial, superior frontal lobe, and bilateral insula had less grey matter in BPI patients. Most of the affected brain regions of BPI patients are closely related to motor function. We speculate that the loss of grey matter in multiple regions might be the neural basis of the difficulties in the motor rehabilitation of BPI patients. The mapping result might provide new target regions for interventions of motor rehabilitation.
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97
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Sinanaj I, Cojan Y, Vuilleumier P. Inter-individual variability in metacognitive ability for visuomotor performance and underlying brain structures. Conscious Cogn 2015; 36:327-37. [PMID: 26241023 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metacognition refers to the ability to discriminate between one's own correct and incorrect decisions. The neurobiological underpinnings of metacognition have mainly been studied in perceptual decision-making. Here we investigated whether differences in brain structure predict individual variability in metacognitive sensitivity for visuomotor performance. Participants had to draw straight trajectories toward visual targets, which could unpredictably deviate around detection threshold, report such deviations when detected, and rate their confidence level for such reports. Structural brain MRI analyses revealed that larger gray-matter volume (GMV) in the left middle occipital gyrus, left medial parietal cortex, and right postcentral gyrus predicted higher deviation detection sensitivity. By contrast, larger GMV in the right prefrontal cortex but also right anterior insula and right fusiform gyrus predicted higher metacognitive sensitivity. These results extend past research by linking metacognitive sensitivity for visuomotor behavior to brain areas involved in action agency (insula), executive control (prefrontal cortex) and vision (fusiform).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrit Sinanaj
- Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Studies, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yann Cojan
- Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Studies, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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98
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Rosen A, Chen DQ, Hayes DJ, Davis KD, Hodaie M. A Neuroimaging Strategy for the Three-Dimensional in vivo Anatomical Visualization and Characterization of Insular Gyri. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2015; 93:255-64. [PMID: 26066396 DOI: 10.1159/000380826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the anatomy of the insula is driven by its multifunctionality and the need for accurate visualization for surgical purposes. Few in vivo studies of human insular anatomy have been conducted due to methodological and anatomical challenges. OBJECTIVE We used brain cortical morphometry tools to accurately reconstruct insular topology and permit a detailed visualization of its gyri in 3 dimensions. METHODS Sixty healthy subjects (33 females; 37.8 ± 12.8 years) underwent 3-tesla MRI scans. The strategy for characterizing the insula was: (1) create 3-dimensional (3-D) insula representations for visual analysis; (2) rate topological features using a gyral conspicuity index; (3) identify individual variations across subjects/between groups; (4) compare to prior findings. RESULTS Insular reconstruction was achieved in 113/120 cases. The anterior short, posterior short, anterior long gyri and central sulcus were easily identified. In contrast, middle short (MSG), posterior long (PLG) and accessory gyri (AG) were highly variable. The MSG, but not the PLG or AG, was clearer in males and in the left hemisphere, suggesting sex- and laterality-related differences. CONCLUSIONS A noninvasive in vivo 3-D visualization strategy revealed anatomical variations of the insula in a healthy cohort. This methodological approach can be adopted for broad clinical and/or research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Rosen
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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99
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Ronchi R, Bello-Ruiz J, Lukowska M, Herbelin B, Cabrilo I, Schaller K, Blanke O. Right insular damage decreases heartbeat awareness and alters cardio-visual effects on bodily self-consciousness. Neuropsychologia 2015; 70:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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100
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Brain activity during observation and motor imagery of different balance tasks: An fMRI study. Cortex 2015; 64:102-14. [PMID: 25461711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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