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Krupa-Kotara K, Grajek M, Grot M, Czarnota M, Wypych-Ślusarska A, Oleksiuk K, Głogowska-Ligus J, Słowiński J. Pre- and Postnatal Determinants Shaping the Microbiome of the Newborn in the Opinion of Pregnant Women from Silesia (Poland). Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1383. [PMID: 37374165 DOI: 10.3390/life13061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre- and postnatal factors influence the formation of the newborn's microbiome as early as birth and the intrauterine period has a substantial impact on the composition of the baby's gastrointestinal microbiota and its subsequent development. This study intends to measure pregnant women's knowledge of the importance of microbiota for the health of the newborn. The sample was selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assessment of women's knowledge was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. This study population comprised 291 adult pregnant women with a mean age of 28.4 ± 4.7 years. A total of 34% (n = 99), 35% (n = 101), and 31.3% (n = 91) were at the 1-3 trimester, respectively. The results showed that 36.4% of the women were aware that the intrauterine period changes the makeup of the gastrointestinal microbiota, whereas 5.8% exhibited awareness of the composition of the child's normal gut microbiota. Most of the women surveyed-(72.1%)-know that colonization of the tract occurs as early as the birth period. Women with student status (those who will pursue higher education in the future) and those who had given birth to the most children exhibited higher levels of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krupa-Kotara
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grajek
- Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Policy, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Martina Grot
- Student Scientific Society, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Martina Czarnota
- Student Scientific Society, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Agata Wypych-Ślusarska
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Klaudia Oleksiuk
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Joanna Głogowska-Ligus
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Jerzy Słowiński
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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Li N, Liang XR, Zhou SD, Dang LH, Li J, An GS, Ren K, Jin QQ, Liang XH, Cao J, Du QX, Wang YY, Sun JH. Exploring postmortem succession of rat intestinal microbiome for PMI based on machine learning algorithms and potential use for humans. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2023; 66:102904. [PMID: 37307769 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The microbial communities may undergo a meaningful successional change during the progress of decay and decomposition that could aid in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI). However, there are still challenges to applying microbiome-based evidence in law enforcement practice. In this study, we attempted to investigate the principles governing microbial community succession during decomposition of rat and human corpse, and explore their potential use for PMI of human cadavers. A controlled experiment was conducted to characterize temporal changes in microbial communities associated with rat corpses as they decomposed for 30 days. Obvious differences of microbial community structures were observed among different stages of decomposition, especially between decomposition of 0-7d and 9-30d. Thus, a two-layer model for PMI prediction was developed based on the succession of bacteria by combining classification and regression models using machine learning algorithms. Our results achieved 90.48% accuracy for discriminating groups of PMI 0-7d and 9-30d, and yielded a mean absolute error of 0.580d within 7d decomposition and 3.165d within 9-30d decomposition. Furthermore, samples from human cadavers were collected to gain the common succession of microbial community between rats and humans. Based on the 44 shared genera of rats and humans, a two-layer model of PMI was rebuilt to be applied for PMI prediction of human cadavers. Accurate estimates indicated a reproducible succession of gut microbes across rats and humans. Together these results suggest that microbial succession was predictable and can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Rui Liang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Shi-Dong Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Hong Dang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Guo-Shuai An
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Kang Ren
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian-Qian Jin
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Cao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jun-Hong Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030604, Shanxi, China.
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Elechi JOG, Sirianni R, Conforti FL, Cione E, Pellegrino M. Food System Transformation and Gut Microbiota Transition: Evidence on Advancing Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancers-A Narrative Review. Foods 2023; 12:2286. [PMID: 37372497 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food, a vital component of our daily life, is fundamental to our health and well-being, and the knowledge and practices relating to food have been passed down from countless generations of ancestors. Systems may be used to describe this extremely extensive and varied body of agricultural and gastronomic knowledge that has been gathered via evolutionary processes. The gut microbiota also underwent changes as the food system did, and these alterations had a variety of effects on human health. In recent decades, the gut microbiome has gained attention due to its health benefits as well as its pathological effects on human health. Many studies have shown that a person's gut microbiota partially determines the nutritional value of food and that diet, in turn, shapes both the microbiota and the microbiome. The current narrative review aims to explain how changes in the food system over time affect the makeup and evolution of the gut microbiota, advancing obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. After a brief discussion of the food system's variety and the gut microbiota's functions, we concentrate on the relationship between the evolution of food system transformation and gut microbiota system transition linked to the increase of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Finally, we also describe sustainable food system transformation strategies to ensure healthy microbiota composition recovery and maintain the host gut barrier and immune functions to reverse advancing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Okoro Godwin Elechi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Wollmuth EM, Angert ER. Microbial circadian clocks: host-microbe interplay in diel cycles. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 37161348 PMCID: PMC10173096 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms, observed across all domains of life, enable organisms to anticipate and prepare for diel changes in environmental conditions. In bacteria, a circadian clock mechanism has only been characterized in cyanobacteria to date. These clocks regulate cyclical patterns of gene expression and metabolism which contribute to the success of cyanobacteria in their natural environments. The potential impact of self-generated circadian rhythms in other bacterial and microbial populations has motivated extensive research to identify novel circadian clocks. MAIN TEXT Daily oscillations in microbial community composition and function have been observed in ocean ecosystems and in symbioses. These oscillations are influenced by abiotic factors such as light and the availability of nutrients. In the ocean ecosystems and in some marine symbioses, oscillations are largely controlled by light-dark cycles. In gut systems, the influx of nutrients after host feeding drastically alters the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Conversely, the gut microbiota can influence the host circadian rhythm by a variety of mechanisms including through interacting with the host immune system. The intricate and complex relationship between the microbiota and their host makes it challenging to disentangle host behaviors from bacterial circadian rhythms and clock mechanisms that might govern the daily oscillations observed in these microbial populations. CONCLUSIONS While the ability to anticipate the cyclical behaviors of their host would likely be enhanced by a self-sustained circadian rhythm, more evidence and further studies are needed to confirm whether host-associated heterotrophic bacteria possess such systems. In addition, the mechanisms by which heterotrophic bacteria might respond to diel cycles in environmental conditions has yet to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Wollmuth
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esther R Angert
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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MUHAMMAD M, MUCHIMAPURA S, WATTANATHORN J. Microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment in the pathogenesis of stroke: implication as a potent therapeutic target. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:143-151. [PMID: 37404572 PMCID: PMC10315190 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota-gut-brain axis has an enormous role in the maintenance of homeostasis and health. Over the last two decades, it has received concerted research attention and focus due to a rapidly emerging volume of evidence that has established that impairment within the microbiota-gut-brain axis contributes to the development and progression of various diseases. Stroke is one of the entities identified to be associated with microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment. Currently, there are still limitations in the clinical treatment of stroke, and the presence of a non-nervous factor from gut microbiota that can alter the course of stroke presents a novel strategy towards the search for a therapeutic silver bullet against stroke. Hence, the aim herein, was to focus on the involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment in the pathogenesis stroke as well as elucidate its implications as a potent therapeutic target against stroke. The findings of studies to date have revealed and extended the role microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment in the pathogenesis of stroke, and studies have identified from both clinical and pre-clinical perspectives targets within the microbiota-gut-brain axis and successfully modulated the outcome of stroke. It was concluded that the microbiota-gut-brain axis stands as potent target to salvage the neurons in the ischemic penumbra for the treatment of stroke. Assessment of the microbiota profile and its metabolites status holds enormous clinical potentials as a non-invasive indicator for the early diagnosis and prognosis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak MUHAMMAD
- Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine,
Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen
40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn MUCHIMAPURA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and
Development Center in the Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health
Promotion, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District,
Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn WATTANATHORN
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen
University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and
Development Center in the Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health
Promotion, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Rd., Nai-Muang, Muang District,
Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Türay S, Cangür Ş, Kahraman G, Kayabaşı E, Çetiner ÖF, Aydın B, Öztürk CE. Can the Gut Microbiota Serve as a Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Epilepsy? Pediatr Neurol 2023; 145:11-21. [PMID: 37245274 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the activity of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of childhood epilepsy and to define biomarkers capable of assisting with determining new strategies in that context. METHODS Twenty children with epilepsy of "unknown etiology" and seven healthy controls in the same age group were included in the study. The groups were compared using a questionnaire. Stool samples were stored in tubes containing DNA/RNA Shield (Zymo Research) with a sterile swab. Sequencing was carried out using the MiSeq System (Illumina). The 16S rRNA sequencing of samples using next-generation sequencing involved V4 variable region polymerase chain reaction amplification concluded by 2 × 250-bp paired-end sequencing of amplicons and at least 50,000 reads (>Q30) per sample. DNA sequences were classified at the genus level using the Kraken program. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis were then performed. RESULTS Individuals' gut microbiota relative abundance values differed between the groups at the genus, order, class, family, and phylum levels. Flavihumibacter, Niabella, Anoxybacillus, Brevundimonas, Devosia, and Delftia were seen only in the control group, whereas Megamonas and Coriobacterium were observed only in the epilepsy group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size method identified 33 taxa as important in differentiating the groups. CONCLUSIONS We think that bacterial varieties (such as Megamonas and Coriobacterium) that differ between the two groups can be employed as useful biomarkers in the diagnosis and follow-up of epileptic patients. We also predict that, in addition to epilepsy treatment protocols, the restoration of eubiotic microbiota may increase the success of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Türay
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey; Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Şengül Cangür
- Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Gözde Kahraman
- Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey; Department of Medical Microbiology, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Eda Kayabaşı
- Duzce University Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey; Department of Medical Microbiology, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Çetiner
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Tip Capa Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Aydın
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Department, Istanbul Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Health Sciences University Haydarpasa Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihadiye Elif Öztürk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ushijima B, Gunasekera SP, Meyer JL, Tittl J, Pitts KA, Thompson S, Sneed JM, Ding Y, Chen M, Jay Houk L, Aeby GS, Häse CC, Paul VJ. Chemical and genomic characterization of a potential probiotic treatment for stony coral tissue loss disease. Commun Biol 2023; 6:248. [PMID: 37024599 PMCID: PMC10079959 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Considered one of the most devastating coral disease outbreaks in history, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is currently spreading throughout Florida's coral reefs and the greater Caribbean. SCTLD affects at least two dozen different coral species and has been implicated in extensive losses of coral cover. Here we show Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain McH1-7 has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against SCTLD-associated bacterial isolates. Chemical analyses indicated McH1-7 produces at least two potential antibacterials, korormicin and tetrabromopyrrole, while genomic analysis identified the genes potentially encoding an L-amino acid oxidase and multiple antibacterial metalloproteases (pseudoalterins). During laboratory trials, McH1-7 arrested or slowed disease progression on 68.2% of diseased Montastraea cavernosa fragments treated (n = 22), and it prevented disease transmission by 100% (n = 12). McH1-7 is the most chemically characterized coral probiotic that is an effective prophylactic and direct treatment for the destructive SCTLD as well as a potential alternative to antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Ushijima
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA.
| | | | - Julie L Meyer
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jessica Tittl
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kelly A Pitts
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA
| | - Sharon Thompson
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer M Sneed
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Manyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - L Jay Houk
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA
| | - Greta S Aeby
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA
| | - Claudia C Häse
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Piece, FL, 34949, USA.
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Corduneanu A, Wu-Chuang A, Maitre A, Obregon D, Sándor AD, Cabezas-Cruz A. Structural differences in the gut microbiome of bats using terrestrial vs. aquatic feeding resources. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:93. [PMID: 37005589 PMCID: PMC10067309 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bat gut microbiomes are adapted to the specific diets of their hosts. Despite diet variation has been associated with differences in bat microbiome diversity, the influence of diet on microbial community assembly have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we used available data on bat gut microbiome to characterize the microbial community assembly of five selected bat species (i.e., Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis myotis, Myotis pilosus, and Myotis vivesi), using network analysis. These bat species with contrasting habitat and food preferences (i.e., My. capaccinii and My. pilosus can be piscivorous and/or insectivorous; Mi. schreibersii and My. myotis are exclusively insectivorous; while My. vivesi is a marine predator) offer an invaluable opportunity to test the impact of diet on bat gut microbiome assembly. The results showed that My. myotis showed the most complex network, with the highest number of nodes, while My. vivesi has the least complex structured microbiome, with lowest number of nodes in its network. No common nodes were observed in the networks of the five bat species, with My. myotis possessing the highest number of unique nodes. Only three bat species, My. myotis, My. pilosus and My. vivesi, presented a core microbiome and the distribution of local centrality measures of nodes was different in the five networks. Taxa removal followed by measurement of network connectivity revealed that My. myotis had the most robust network, while the network of My. vivesi presented the lowest tolerance to taxa removal. Prediction of metabolic pathways using PICRUSt2 revealed that Mi. schreibersii had significantly higher functional pathway's richness compared to the other bat species. Most of predicted pathways (82%, total 435) were shared between all bat species, while My. capaccinii, My. myotis and My. vivesi, but no Mi. schreibersii or My. pilosus, showed specific pathways. We concluded that despite similar feeding habits, microbial community assembly can differ between bat species. Other factors beyond diet may play a major role in bat microbial community assembly, with host ecology, sociality and overlap in roosts likely providing additional predictors governing gut microbiome of insectivorous bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Corduneanu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Production, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Apolline Maitre
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- INRAE, UR 0045 Laboratoire de Recherches Sur Le Développement de L'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), 20250, Corte, France
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Attila D Sándor
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ÁTE Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Velho S, Morão B, Gouveia C, Agostinho L, Torres J, Maio R, Baracos VE, Cravo M. Body composition and Crohn's disease behavior: Is adiposity the main game changer? Nutrition 2023; 108:111959. [PMID: 36709640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between body composition upon diagnosis and complicated phenotypes and time until surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients with CD who had a computed tomography enterography or a magnetic resonance enterography performed ≤6 mo of diagnosis. Skeletal muscle and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional areas were determined with computed tomography or magnetic resonance images at the third lumbar vertebral level, processed with the sliceOmatic (TomoVison, Magog, QC, Canada) and ABACS plugin. RESULTS We included 63 patients: 33 (52%) men, median age 35 y. Disease location (L) and behavior (B) according to the Montreal classification were L1 (ileal disease) = 28 (44%), L2 (colonic disease) = 13 (21%), L3(ileocolonic disease) = 18 (28%), L1 + L4 (ileal and isolated upper disease) = 1 (2%), L3 + L4 (ileocolonic and isolated upper disease) = 3 (5%), B1 (non-stricturing) = 39 (62%), B2 (stricturing) = 11 (17%), and B3 (penetrating)= 13 (21%); 20 (32%) patients had perianal disease. Visceral obesity was present in 12 (19%) patients and was associated with higher age of CD onset (median 60 versus 34 y; P = 0.002) and complicated disease behavior (B2 and B3) (66.7% versus 31.7%; P = 0.021). After adjusting for age and perianal disease, total adipose tissue was associated with a 4% increase in the odds of complicated behavior per 10 cm2 of total adipose tissue (odds ratio [OR] = 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.008; P = 0.043). Median follow-up time was 3.35 y, during which 15 (24%) of patients underwent abdominal surgery. Visceral obesity was associated with 5.10-times higher risk of abdominal surgery (95% CI, 1.52-17.09; P = 0.008); after adjusting for disease behavior, visceral obesity maintained a near-significant association with a 2.90-times higher risk of surgery (95% CI, 0.83-10.08; P = 0.09). CONCLUSION Total fat was associated with complicated disease phenotype and visceral obesity, with higher risk of abdominal surgery and shorter time until surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Velho
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Morão
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gouveia
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Lisa Agostinho
- Radiology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Joana Torres
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Rui Maio
- Surgery Department, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Oncology Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marília Cravo
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Yang X, Lu S, Feng Y, Cao C, Zhang Y, Cheng S. Characteristics and properties of a polysaccharide isolated from Wolfiporia cocos as potential dietary supplement for IBS. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1119583. [PMID: 37051119 PMCID: PMC10083290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAs low FODMAP (Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) diet therapy is recommended for most of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients, the consequent insufficient of dietary fibers (DFs) intake exert an adverse impact on intestinal health. It is necessary to find suitable DFs for IBS patients.MethodsThis study extracted a water-insoluble polysaccharide from Wolfiporia cocos (WIP) by alkali-extraction and acid-precipitation method. Its molecular weight was detected by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis. The structure of WIP was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties related to stability, digestion, viscosity, osmotic activity, adsorption and fermentation were investigated, aimed to explore the feasibility of WIP as a new DF supplement for patients with IBS. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was conducted to explore its effects on IBS-related gut microbiota.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that WIP had a single homogeneous composition and the molecular weight was 8.1 × 103 Da. WIP was indicated as a kind of pyranose form with β anomeric configuration and the main chain of WIP was 1,3-β-glucan with amorphous structure. In addition to good thermal stability, WIP also has low bioavailability and can reach the colon mostly without being digested. Moreover, the low viscosity and osmotic activity, the high water- swelling and water/oil-holding capacity, fructose adsorption capacity and poor fermentation performance of WIP demonstrated that it is suitable for IBS patients. It is worth noting that WIP regulates IBS associated gut microbiota effectively, such as the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotella. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of WIP as a dietary supplement for IBS patients with low FODMAP diet therapy.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing Technology, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing Technology, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhan Feng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing Technology, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongjiang Cao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing Technology, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Cheng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing Technology, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shujie Cheng,
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Rychter AM, Łykowska-Szuber L, Zawada A, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Ratajczak AE, Skoracka K, Kolan M, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Why Does Obesity as an Inflammatory Condition Predispose to Colorectal Cancer? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072451. [PMID: 37048534 PMCID: PMC10094909 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial problem of global importance. Additionally, obesity causes chronic inflammation, upregulates cell growth, disturbs the immune system, and causes genomic instability, increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and it has become a global problem. In 2018, there were around 1.8 million new cases and around 881,000 deaths worldwide. Another risk factor of colorectal cancer associated with obesity is poor diet. A Western diet, including a high intake of red and processed meat and a low consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fiber, may increase the risk of both colorectal cancer and obesity. Moreover, the Western diet is associated with a proinflammatory profile diet, which may also affect chronic low-grade inflammation. In fact, people with obesity often present gut dysbiosis, increased inflammation, and risk of colorectal cancer. In this article, the association between obesity and colorectal cancer is discussed, including the most important mechanisms, such as low-grade chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Skoracka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michalina Kolan
- Faculty of Medicine Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Zhang H, Wu J, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang Z, Yan H, Lin J, Zhou W, Ou Q, Ao L. Identification reproducible microbiota biomarkers for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. AMB Express 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 36943499 PMCID: PMC10030758 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence in China, which is mainly related to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to identify reproducible gut microbial biomarkers across Chinese population for LC and HCC diagnosis. In this study, a group of 21 CHB, 25 LC, 21 HCC and 15 healthy control (HC) were examined, and used as the training data. Four published faecal datasets from different regions of China were collected, totally including 121 CHB, 33 LC, 70 HCC and 96 HC. Beta diversity showed that the distribution of community structure in CHB, LC, HCC was significantly different from HC. Correspondingly, 14 and 10 reproducible differential genera across datasets were identified in LC and HCC, respectively, defined as LC-associated and HCC-associated genera. Two random forest (RF) models based on these reproducible genera distinguished LC or HCC from HC with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824 and 0.902 in the training dataset, respectively, and achieved cross-region validations. Moreover, AUCs were greatly improved when clinical factors were added. A reconstructed random forest model on eight genera with significant changes between HCC and non-HCC can accurately distinguished HCC from LC. Conclusively, two RF models based on 14 reproducible LC-associated and 10 reproducible HCC-associated genera were constructed for LC and HCC diagnosis, which is of great significance to assist clinical early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Junling Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yijuan Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Haidan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Weixin Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Lu Ao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Corrêa RO, Cerf-Bensussan N. Can Psyllium Alleviate Colitis? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1530-1532. [PMID: 36924798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute INSERM 1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Paris, France.
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The Role of Probiotics in Inflammation Associated with Major Surgery: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061331. [PMID: 36986061 PMCID: PMC10059922 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota is well-known for its ability to maintain intestinal homeostasis. However, the disruption of this homeostasis, known as dysbiosis, leads to multiple consequences, including local and systemic inflammation. Surgery-induced inflammation is a major concern for patients, as it leads to many infectious and non-infectious complications. Objective: The purpose of this review was to explore the role of probiotics and symbiotics in surgery-induced inflammation and to determine if their use is effective in combatting inflammation and its complications Methods and Materials: A literature search was conducted, and articles published only in English, until December 2022 were included. The results are reported in the form of a narrative review. Results: The perioperative use of probiotics and/or symbiotics results in lower risk of infectious complications, including reduced rates of surgical site infections, respiratory and urinary tract infections, shorter hospital stays, and fewer days of antibiotic administration. It also contributes to reducing non-infectious complications, as it mitigates systemic and local inflammation via maintenance of the intestinal barrier, improves intestinal mobility, and is associated with lower rates of postoperative pain and anastomotic leak. Conclusions: Restoring gut microbiota after disruptions caused by surgery may accelerate local healing processes, attenuate systemic inflammation, and may thus prove beneficial to certain populations.
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65
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Genome to gut: crop engineering for human microbiomes. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:132. [PMID: 36600072 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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66
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Diet-Induced Microbiome's Impact on Heart Failure: A Double-Edged Sword. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051223. [PMID: 36904222 PMCID: PMC10004801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating disease with a significant clinical and economic impact worldwide. Multiple factors seem to increase the risk of developing HF, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Since chronic inflammation plays a significant role in HF pathophysiology and gut dysbiosis is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, the risk of cardiovascular diseases is likely modulated by the gut microbiome (GM). Considerable progress has been made in HF management. However, there is a need to find new strategies to reduce mortality and increase the quality of life, mainly of HFpEF patients, since its prevalence continues to rise. Recent studies validate that lifestyle changes, such as diet modulation, represent a potential therapeutic approach to improve several cardiometabolic diseases, although their effects on the GM and its indirect cardiac impact still warrant further research. Hence, in this paper, we aim to clarify the link between HF and the human microbiome.
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67
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Tan LJ, Yun YR, Hong SW, Shin S. Effect of kimchi intake on body weight of general community dwellers: a prospective cohort study. Food Funct 2023; 14:2162-2171. [PMID: 36752575 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03900a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of kimchi intake on weight management has been a topic of interest. We aimed to conduct an epidemiological study to investigate the association between kimchi intake and weight loss. Participants were selected from the Health Examinees cohort study. Kimchi intake was assessed by a 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, including four types of kimchi. Obesity was defined according to the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity guidelines. We performed a correlation analysis among all participants (N = 58 290) and conducted a prospective risk assessment analysis among participants with a baseline BMI value ≥25 kg m-2 (N = 20 066). In the correlation analysis, higher kimchi consumption was found to be associated with a lower increment in BMI change (men, β 0.169, 95% CI (0.025, 0.313); women, β 0.140, 95% CI (0.046, 0.236)) compared with the lower group. The risk assessment analysis indicated that moderate kimchi consumption is associated with normal weight development in men (Q3, hazard ratio, 1.28, 95% CI (1.06, 1.54)). Baechu [cabbage] kimchi intake also showed a significant association among men participants (all p for trend <0.05). In conclusion, moderate kimchi intake was associated with weight loss among middle-aged and older Koreans, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, South Korea.
| | - Ye-Rang Yun
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea.
| | - Sung Wook Hong
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea.
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, South Korea.
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68
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McKay MJ, Castaneda M, Catania S, Charles KA, Shanahan E, Clarke SJ, Engel A, Varelis P, Molloy MP. Quantification of short-chain fatty acids in human stool samples by LC-MS/MS following derivatization with aniline analogues. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1217:123618. [PMID: 36731355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome produces a range of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) crucially linked with diet and nutrition, metabolism, gastrointestinal health and homeostasis. SCFA are primarily measured using gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) after undergoing chemical derivatization. Here we assess the merits of a derivatization protocol using aniline and two aniline analogues (3-phenoxyaniline and 4-(benzyloxy)aniline) for the targeted LC-MS/MS quantification of nine SCFA (acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, caproic acid, isobutyric, isovaleric, 2-methylbutyric, and 2-ethylbutyric acid). Evaluation of product ion spectra and optimization of MS detection conditions, provided superior detection sensitivity for 3-phenoxyaniline and 4-(benzyloxy)aniline compared to aniline. We developed a facile SCFA derivatization method using 3-phenoxyaniline under mild reaction conditions which allows for the simultaneous quantification of these SCFA in human stool samples in under eleven minutes using multiple reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS. The method was successfully validated and demonstrates intra- and inter-day accuracy (88.5-103% and 86.0-109%) and precision (CV of 0.55-7.00% and 0.33-9.55%) with recoveries (80.1-87.2% for LLOQ, 88.5-93.0% for ULOQ) and carry-over of (2.68-17.9%). Selectivity, stability and matrix effects were also assessed and satisfied validation criteria. Method applicability was demonstrated by analysing SCFA profiles in DNA-stabilized human stool samples from newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients prior to surgery. The development of this improved method and its compatibility to measure SCFAs from DNA-stabilized stool will facilitate studies investigating the gut microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McKay
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Castaneda
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Catania
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Australia, Unit F, 10-16 South Street, Rydalmere 2116, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kellie A Charles
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Erin Shanahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, 2065 Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Alexander Engel
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, 2065 Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Varelis
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments Australia, Unit F, 10-16 South Street, Rydalmere 2116, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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Impact of diet and host genetics on the murine intestinal mycobiome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:834. [PMID: 36788222 PMCID: PMC9929102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut is home to a diverse microbial ecosystem, whose composition affects various physiological traits of the host. Next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches demonstrated how the interplay of host genetics, bacteria, and environmental factors shape complex traits and clinical outcomes. However, the role of fungi in these complex interactions remains understudied. Here, using 228 males and 363 females from an advanced-intercross mouse line, we provide evidence that fungi are regulated by host genetics. In addition, we map quantitative trait loci associated with various fungal species to single genes in mice using whole genome sequencing and genotyping. Moreover, we show that diet and its' interaction with host genetics alter the composition of fungi in outbred mice, and identify fungal indicator species associated with different dietary regimes. Collectively, in this work, we uncover an association of the intestinal fungal community with host genetics and a regulatory role of diet in this ecological niche.
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70
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Functional and Compositional Changes in the Fecal Microbiome of a Shorebird during Migratory Stopover. mSystems 2023; 8:e0112822. [PMID: 36786579 PMCID: PMC10134852 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01128-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorebirds migrate long distances twice annually, which requires intense physiological and morphological adaptations, including the ability to rapidly gain weight via fat deposition at stopover locations. The role of the microbiome in weight gain in avian hosts is unresolved, but there is substantial evidence to support the hypothesis that the microbiome is involved with host weight from mammalian microbiome literature. Here, we collected 100 fecal samples of Ruddy Turnstones to investigate microbiome composition and function during stopover weight gain in Delaware Bay, USA. Using 16S rRNA sequencing on 90 of these samples and metatranscriptomic sequencing on 22, we show that taxonomic composition of the microbiome shifts during weight gain, as do functional aspects of the metatranscriptome. We identified 10 genes that are associated with weight class, and polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the microbiota is significantly increasing as birds gain weight. Our results support that the microbiome is a dynamic feature of host biology that interacts with both the host and the environment and may be involved in the rapid weight gain of shorebirds. IMPORTANCE Many animals migrate long distances annually, and these journeys require intense physiological and morphological adaptations. One such adaptation in shorebirds is the ability to rapidly gain weight at stopover locations in the middle of their migrations. The role of the microbiome in weight gain in birds is unresolved but is likely to play a role. Here, we collected 100 fecal samples from Ruddy Turnstones to investigate microbiome composition (who is there) and function (what they are doing) during stopover weight gain in Delaware Bay, USA. Using multiple molecular methods, we show that both taxonomic composition and function of the microbiome shifts during weight gain. We identified 10 genes that are associated with weight class, and polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the microbiota is significantly increasing as birds gain weight. Our results support that the microbiome is a dynamic feature of host biology that interacts with both the host and the environment and may be involved in the rapid weight gain of shorebirds.
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Current nutritional guidelines in terms of the effect on gut microbiota and human health considering the WHO and FAO recommendations. CZECH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.17221/186/2022-cjfs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Venkatakrishnan K, Gupta N, Smith PF, Lin T, Lineberry N, Ishida T, Wang L, Rogge M. Asia-Inclusive Clinical Research and Development Enabled by Translational Science and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology: Toward a Culture That Challenges the Status Quo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:298-309. [PMID: 35342942 PMCID: PMC10083990 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Access lag to innovative therapies in Asian populations continues to present a challenge to global health. Recent progressive changes in the global regulatory landscape, including newer guidelines, are enabling simultaneous global drug development and near-simultaneous global drug registration. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E17 guideline outlines general principles for the design and analysis of multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs). We posit that translational research and quantitative clinical pharmacology tools are core enablers for Asia-inclusive global drug development aligned with ICH E17 principles. Assessment of ethnic sensitivity should be initiated early in the development lifecycle to inform the need for, and extent of, Asian phase I ethno-bridging data. Relevant ethno-bridging data may be generated as standalone Asian phase I trials, as part of Western First-In-Human trials, or under accelerated development settings as a lead-in phase in an MRCT. Quantitative understanding of human clearance mechanisms and pharmacogenetic factors is vital to forecasting ethnic sensitivity in drug exposure using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models. Stratification factors to control heterogeneity in MRCTs can be identified by reverse translational research incorporating pharmacometric disease models and model-based meta-analyses. Because epidemiological variations can extend to the molecular level, quantitative systems pharmacology models may be useful in forecasting how molecular variation in therapeutic targets or pathway proteins across populations might impact treatment outcomes. Through prospective evaluation of conservation in drug- and disease-related intrinsic and extrinsic factors, a pooled East Asian region can be implemented in Asia-inclusive MRCTs to maximize efficiency in substantiating evidence of benefit-risk for the region at-large with a Totality of Evidence approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.,EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Neil Lineberry
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tatiana Ishida
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Takeda Development Center Asia, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark Rogge
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Experimental trials in organisms ranging from yeast to humans have shown that various forms of reducing food intake (caloric restriction) appear to increase both overall and healthy lifespan, delaying the onset of disease and slowing the progression of biomarkers of aging. The gut microbiota is considered one of the key environmental factors strongly contributing to the regulation of host health. Perturbations in the composition and activity of the gut microbiome are thought to be involved in the emergence of multiple diseases. Indeed, many studies investigating gut microbiota have been performed and have shown strong associations between specific microorganisms and metabolic diseases including overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as specific gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Dietary interventions known to reduce inflammation and improve metabolic health are potentiated by prior fasting. Inversely, birth weight differential host oxidative phosphorylation response to fasting implies epigenetic control of some of its effector pathways. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of fasting in improving insulin signaling and blood glucose control, and in reducing inflammation, conditions for which, additionally, the gut microbiota has been identified as a site of both risk and protective factors. Accordingly, human gut microbiota, both in symbiont and pathobiont roles, have been proposed to impact and mediate some health benefits of fasting and could potentially affect many of these diseases. While results from small-N studies diverge, fasting consistently enriches widely recognized anti-inflammatory gut commensals such as Faecalibacterium and other short-chain fatty acid producers, which likely mediates some of its health effects through immune system and barrier function impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K Forslund
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
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Shen K, Bao L, Liu M, Lei W, Zhou Q, Ding J, Fang P, Hu B, Wen C, Kumar V, Peng M, Yang G. Dietary supplementation of β-1, 3-glucan improves the intestinal health of white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) by modulating intestinal microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119902. [PMID: 36793729 PMCID: PMC9922984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of intestinal dysfunction is widely observed in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture, and β-1,3-glucan has been confirmed to be beneficial in intestinal health with a lack understanding of its underlying mechanism. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria served as the predominant phyla inhabiting the intestine of white shrimp, whilst a significant variation in their proportion was recorded in shrimp fed with basal and β-1,3-glucan supplementation diets in this study. Dietary supplementation of β-1,3-glucan could dramatically increase the microbial diversity and affect microbial composition, concurrent with a notable reduction in the ratio of opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas, gram-negative microbes, from Gammaproteobacteria compared to the basal diet group. The benefits for microbial diversity and composition by β-1,3-glucan improved the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota through the increase of specialists' number and inhibition of microbial competition caused by Aeromonas in ecological networks; afterward, the inhibition of Aeromonas by β-1,3-glucan diet dramatically suppressed microbial metabolism related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, followed by a conspicuous decrease in the intestinal inflammatory response. The improvement of intestinal health referred to the elevation in intestinal immune and antioxidant capacity, ultimately contributing to the growth of shrimp fed β-1,3-glucan. These results suggested that β-1,3-glucan supplementation improved the intestinal health of white shrimp through the modulation of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, the suppression of intestinal inflammatory response, and the elevation of immune and antioxidant capacity, and subsequently promoted the growth of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Shen
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lixin Bao
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muxin Liu
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiali Ding
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Fang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Mo Peng
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Yang, ; Mo Peng,
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Fisheries Science, School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Gang Yang, ; Mo Peng,
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Cowan S, Lim S, Alycia C, Pirotta S, Thomson R, Gibson-Helm M, Blackmore R, Naderpoor N, Bennett C, Ee C, Rao V, Mousa A, Alesi S, Moran L. Lifestyle management in polycystic ovary syndrome - beyond diet and physical activity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36647089 PMCID: PMC9841505 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting reproductive-aged women with reproductive, metabolic and psychological consequences. Weight and lifestyle (diet, physical activity and behavioural) management are first-line therapy in international evidence-based guidelines for PCOS. While these recommend following population-level diet and physical activity guidelines, there is ongoing interest and research in the potential benefit of including psychological and sleep interventions, as well as a range of traditional, complimentary and integrative medicine (TCIM) approaches, for optimal management of PCOS. There is limited evidence to recommend a specific diet composition for PCOS with approaches including modifying protein, carbohydrate or fat quality or quantity generally having similar effects on the presentations of PCOS. With regards to physical activity, promising evidence supports the provision of vigorous aerobic exercise, which has been shown to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance. Psychological and sleep interventions are also important considerations, with women displaying poor emotional wellbeing and higher rates of clinical and subclinical sleep disturbance, potentially limiting their ability to make positive lifestyle change. While optimising sleep and emotional wellbeing may aid symptom management in PCOS, research exploring the efficacy of clinical interventions is lacking. Uptake of TCIM approaches, in particular supplement and herbal medicine use, by women with PCOS is growing. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to support integration into routine clinical practice. Research investigating inositol supplementation have produced the most promising findings, showing improved metabolic profiles and reduced hyperandrogenism. Findings for other supplements, herbal medicines, acupuncture and yoga is so far inconsistent, and to reduce heterogeneity more research in specific PCOS populations, (e.g. defined age and BMI ranges) and consistent approaches to intervention delivery, duration and comparators are needed. While there are a range of lifestyle components in addition to population-recommendations for diet and physical activity of potential benefit in PCOS, robust clinical trials are warranted to expand the relatively limited evidence-base regarding holistic lifestyle management. With consumer interest in holistic healthcare rising, healthcare providers will be required to broaden their knowledge pertaining to how these therapies can be safely and appropriately utilised as adjuncts to conventional medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Siew Lim
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chelsea Alycia
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Pirotta
- Health and Social Care Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Thomson
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Gibson-Helm
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Te Tātai Hauora o Hine - National Centre for Women's Health Research Aotearoa, Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Blackmore
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vibhuti Rao
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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76
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Trovão F, Correia VG, Lourenço FM, Ribeiro DO, Carvalho AL, Palma AS, Pinheiro BA. The structure of a Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron carbohydrate-binding module provides new insight into the recognition of complex pectic polysaccharides by the human microbiome. J Struct Biol X 2023; 7:100084. [PMID: 36660365 PMCID: PMC9843283 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron has developed a consortium of enzymes capable of overcoming steric constraints and degrading, in a sequential manner, the complex rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) polysaccharide. BT0996 protein acts in the initial stages of the RG-II depolymerisation, where its two catalytic modules remove the terminal monosaccharides from RG-II side chains A and B. BT0996 is modular and has three putative carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) for which the roles in the RG-II degradation are unknown. Here, we present the characterisation of the module at the C-terminal domain, which we designated BT0996-C. The high-resolution structure obtained by X-ray crystallography reveals that the protein displays a typical β-sandwich fold with structural similarity to CBMs assigned to families 6 and 35. The distinctive features are: 1) the presence of several charged residues at the BT0996-C surface creating a large, broad positive lysine-rich patch that encompasses the putative binding site; and 2) the absence of the highly conserved binding-site signatures observed in CBMs from families 6 and 35, such as region A tryptophan and region C asparagine. These findings hint at a binding mode of BT0996-C not yet observed in its homologues. In line with this, carbohydrate microarrays and microscale thermophoresis show the ability of BT0996-C to bind α1-4-linked polygalacturonic acid, and that electrostatic interactions are essential for the recognition of the anionic polysaccharide. The results support the hypothesis that BT0996-C may have evolved to potentiate the action of BT0996 catalytic modules on the complex structure of RG-II by binding to the polygalacturonic acid backbone sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Trovão
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Viviana G. Correia
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Frederico M. Lourenço
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diana O. Ribeiro
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Angelina S. Palma
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Corresponding authors at: UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Benedita A. Pinheiro
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,Corresponding authors at: UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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77
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Brooks CN, Wight ME, Azeez OE, Bleich RM, Zwetsloot KA. Growing old together: What we know about the influence of diet and exercise on the aging host's gut microbiome. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1168731. [PMID: 37139301 PMCID: PMC10149677 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1168731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is critical in defending against infection from pathogenic microorganisms. Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, are more susceptible to infections and developing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The gut microbiome contains a plethora of bacteria and other microorganisms, which collectively plays a significant role in immune function and homeostasis. Gut microbiota are considered to be highly influential on host health and immune function. Therefore, dysbiosis of the microbiota could be a major contributor to the elevated incidence of multiple age-related pathologies. While there seems to be a general consensus that the composition of gut microbiota changes with age, very little is known about how diet and exercise might influence the aging microbiome. Here, we examine the current state of the literature regarding alterations to the gut microbiome as hosts age, drawing particular attention to the knowledge gaps in addressing how diet and exercise influence the aging microbiome. Further, we will demonstrate the need for more controlled studies to investigate the roles that diet and exercise play driving the composition, diversity, and function of the microbiome in an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chequita N. Brooks
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - Madeline E. Wight
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - Oluwatobi E. Azeez
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
| | - Rachel M. Bleich
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Kevin A. Zwetsloot Rachel M. Bleich
| | - Kevin A. Zwetsloot
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Kevin A. Zwetsloot Rachel M. Bleich
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78
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Wang D, Russel WA, Sun Y, Belanger KD, Ay A. Machine learning and network analysis of the gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subject controls reveal behavioral risk factors and bacterial interactions. Schizophr Res 2023; 251:49-58. [PMID: 36577234 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have supported an association between deviations in gut microbiome composition and schizophrenia. However, the extent to which the gut microbiota contributes to schizophrenia remains unclear. Moreover, studies have yet to explore variations in ecological associations among bacterial types in subjects with schizophrenia, which can reveal differences in community interactions and gut stability. We examined the dataset collected by Nguyen et al. (2021) to investigate the similarities and differences in gut microbial constituents between 48 subjects with schizophrenia and 48 matched non-psychiatric comparison cases. We re-analyzed alpha- and beta-diversity differences and completed modified differential abundance analyses and confirmed the findings of Nguyen et al. (2021) that there was little variation in alpha-diversity but significant differences in beta-diversity between individuals with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subjects. We also conducted mediation analysis, developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict schizophrenia, and completed network analysis to examine community-level interactions among bacterial taxa. Our study offers new insights, suggesting that the gut microbiome mediates the effects between schizophrenia and smoking status, BMI, anxiety score, and depression score. Our differential abundance and network analysis findings suggest that the differential abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae taxa fosters a decrease in stabilizing competitive interactions in the gut microbiome of subjects with schizophrenia. Loss of this competition may promote ecological instability and dysbiosis, altering gut-brain axis interactions in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - William A Russel
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Yuntong Sun
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | | | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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79
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Phonyiam R, Kamkhoad D, Palmquist AEL. Cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of the Infant Feeding Intentions Scale for Thai pregnant women. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000729. [PMID: 36989219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a translated and culturally adapted version of the Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) Scale for use in Thailand. Prenatal breastfeeding intention is a strong indicator of breastfeeding initiation. The stronger the intention to breastfeed among pregnant women, the more likely breastfeeding will be initiated after childbirth and continue for an extended period. There are currently no IFI scales that have been validated for use in Thailand. The translation of the IFI scale from English to Thai was conducted through a six-stage approach that included initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, expert committee review for content validity, reliability testing, and submission of the translated IFI to notify the scale developers. Both Item and Scale Content Validity Indices equaled 1, scored by five experts, who also validated the content for cross-cultural adaptation. The final Thai IFI (T-IFI) scale demonstrated high content validity. A total of 30 Thai pregnant women participated in the reliability testing. The Cronbach's alpha of the 5-item T-IFI scale was 0.857, which indicated satisfactory internal consistency. The T-IFI scale demonstrated high content validity and was culturally appropriate for use in a Thai-speaking population. It has potential to strengthen assessments of prenatal infant feeding intention among pregnant women in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanok Phonyiam
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Donruedee Kamkhoad
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee E L Palmquist
- Department of Maternal & Child Health, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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80
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Hamamah S, Gheorghita R, Lobiuc A, Sirbu IO, Covasa M. Fecal microbiota transplantation in non-communicable diseases: Recent advances and protocols. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1060581. [PMID: 36569149 PMCID: PMC9773399 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a therapeutic method that aims to restore normal gut microbial composition in recipients. Currently, FMT is approved in the USA to treat recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection and has been shown to have great efficacy. As such, significant research has been directed toward understanding the potential role of FMT in other conditions associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, neuropsychiatric disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, decompensated cirrhosis, cancers and graft-versus-host disease. This review examines current updates and efficacy of FMT in treating conditions other than Clostridioides difficile infection. Further, protocols for administration of FMT are also discussed including storage of fecal samples in stool banks, inclusion/exclusion criteria for donors, fecal sample preparation and methods of treatment administration. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which FMT can manipulate gut microbiota to provide therapeutic benefit as well as identifying potential adverse effects is an important step in clarifying its long-term safety and efficacy in treating multiple conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Roxana Gheorghita
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania,Department of Biochemistry, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timişoara, Romania,Center for Complex Network Science, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States,Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania,*Correspondence: Mihai Covasa,
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81
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Response of Intestinal Microbiota to the Variation in Diets in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111115. [PMID: 36422256 PMCID: PMC9698803 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is important for the nutrient metabolism of fish and is significantly influenced by the host’s diet. The effect of ryegrass and commercial diets on the intestinal microbiota of grass carp was compared in this study. In comparison to ryegrass, artificial feed significantly reduced the microbial diversity in the intestine, which was measured by a decrease in the observed OTUs, ACE, Shannon, and the InvSimpson index. Although grass carp fed with ryegrass and artificial feed shared a dominant phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the microbial composition was clearly distinguishable between the two groups. In grass carp fed with ryegrass, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria predominated, whereas Bacilli was significantly higher in the artificial feed group due to an increase in Weissella and an unassigned Bacillales bacteria, as well as a significant increase in a potential pathogen: Aeromonas australiensis. Grass carp fed with ryegrass exhibited a more complex ecological network performed by the intestinal bacterial community, which was dominated by cooperative interactions; this was also observed in grass carp fed with artificial feed. Despite this, the increase in A. australiensis increased the competitive interaction within this ecological network, which contributed to the vulnerable perturbation of the intestinal microbiota. The alteration of the microbial composition through diet can further affect microbial function. The intestinal microbial function in grass carp fed with ryegrass was rich in amino acids and exhibited an increased energy metabolism in order to compensate for a low-nutrient diet intake, while the artificial feed elevated the microbial lipid metabolism through the promotion of its synthesis in the primary and secondary bile acids, together with a notable enhancement of fatty acid biosynthesis. These results indicated that diet can affect the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota by altering the microbial composition and the interspecific interactions, whilst microbial function can respond to a variation in diet.
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82
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Early-life chemical exposome and gut microbiome development: African research perspectives within a global environmental health context. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:1084-1100. [PMID: 35697586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome of neonates, infants, and toddlers (NITs) is very dynamic, and only begins to stabilize towards the third year of life. Within this period, exposure to xenobiotics may perturb the gut environment, thereby driving or contributing to microbial dysbiosis, which may negatively impact health into adulthood. Despite exposure of NITs globally, but especially in Africa, to copious amounts and types of xenobiotics - such as mycotoxins, pesticide residues, and heavy metals - little is known about their influence on the early-life microbiome or their effects on acute or long-term health. Within the African context, the influence of fermented foods, herbal mixtures, and the delivery environment on the early-life microbiome are often neglected, despite being potentially important factors that influence the microbiome. Consequently, data on in-depth understanding of the microbiome-exposome interactions is lacking in African cohorts. Collecting and evaluating such data is important because exposome-induced gut dysbiosis could potentially favor disease progression.
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83
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Impacts of food consumption on biochemical markers and anthropometric variables of women with metabolic syndrome. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:423. [PMID: 36284340 PMCID: PMC9598031 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases characterized by insulin resistance. MetS has high prevalence among women, which is impacted by food intake. MetS is related to high level of inflammation; however, the impacts of whole diets on biochemical and anthropometrical markers and the effects on MetS need to be further elucidated. In this case, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between food intake, biochemical and anthropometrical markers in women with MetS. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, in which 1 hundred and 22 women participated in the assessment of biochemical (glycated hemoglobin, glycaemia, insulin, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, C-reactive protein) and anthropometrical (body mass, height, waist circumference - WC) variables. Participants also performed blood pressure and 24-hour dietary recall assessments. Out of the 122 participants, 44 (36%, age: 59 ± 11 years) had MetS and were included in the analysis. RESULTS The consumption of monounsaturated fats had direct relationship with glycaemia (b = 7.48), whereas the consumption of fibers had inverse relationship with body mass (b = - 0.71) and WC (b = - 0.56). CONCLUSION The intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber was related to higher blood sugar levels and lower body mass and WC, respectively. These relationships elucidate and highlight the significance and importance of adequate diet in women with MetS.
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84
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Hu X, Guo J, Wang J, Liu W, Xiang X, Chen S, Li X, Tang J, Zhang W, Chen H, Shu R, Wu Q, Wang Q. Study on the Relationship Between Diet, Physical Health and Gut Microflora of Chinese College Students. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:370. [PMID: 36253614 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Many elements of a modern lifestyle influence the gut microbiota but few studies have explored the effect of physical health level. This study was aimed to explore the relationship between diet, physical health and gut microbiota in Chinese college students. A total of 69 college students were recruited, including 27 college athletes (AS group) and 42 healthy controls (HC group). Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. According to National Standards for Students' Physical Health (2014 revision), physical fitness measurements, dietary intake and health-related data were collected via questionnaires. ①According to the physical fitness scores, the physical fitness level of AS group was significantly higher than that of HC group (P < 0.05), there were no significant differences between the two groups in the frequency of intake of food. The frequency and duration of physical activity in the AS group were higher than those in the HC group (P < 0.05); ②The proportion and relative abundances of microorganism composition is varying at two groups: on the phylum level, AS group had mainly increased Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and reduced Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria; on the genus level, AS group had mainly increased Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium and reduced Bacteroides; ③The associations with the 10 most abundant bacterial genera and physical fitness, dietary factors were investigated. Changes in the gut microbiota abundance can be sometimes reflective of a physical health status. Loss of the balance of gut microbial populations will lead to flora disorders and diseases. Therefore, further studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms behind the gut microbiota in its potential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafen Hu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jiadun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Wanxin Liu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiaochen Xiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Siyang Chen
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xinquan Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jinhan Tang
- College of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Rong Shu
- The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Zhongshan Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironent, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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85
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Zhang S, Xu M, Sun X, Shi H, Zhu J. Green tea extract alters gut microbiota and their metabolism of adults with metabolic syndrome in a host-free human colonic model. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111762. [PMID: 36076430 PMCID: PMC10324538 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common metatoblic disorder that leads to various adverse health outcomes such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies suggested that MetS-associated gut dysbiosis could exacerbate MetS related diseases. Green tea, a popular beverage rich in polyphenols, has showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in treating MetS through gut modulation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand the impact of green tea extract (GTE) on the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota from people with MetS. METHODS We utilized an in-vitro human colonic model (HCM) to specifically investigate the host-free interactions between GTE and gut microbiota of MetS adults. Fresh fecal samples donated by three adults with MetS were used as gut microbe inoculum in our HCM system. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) combined with QIIME 2, Compound Discoverer 3.1 and MetaboAnalyst 4.0 based data analyses were performed to show the regulating effects of GTE treatment on gut microbial composition and their metabolism. RESULTS Our data suggested that GTE treatment in HCM system modified composition of MetS gut microbiota at genus level and led to significant microbiota metabolic profile change. Bioinformatics analysis showed relative abundance of Escherichia and Klebsiella was commonly increased while Bacteroides, Citrobacter, and Clostridium were significantly reduced. All free fatty acids detected were significantly increased in different colon sections. Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, methane metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, purine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism were regulated by GTE in MetS gut microbiota. In addition, we identified significant associations between altered microbes and microbial metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study revealed the impact of GTE treatment on gut microbiota composition and metabolism changes in MetS microbiota in vitro, which may provide information for further mechanistic investigation of GTE in modulating gut dysbiosis in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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86
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Comparing the Effects of Concord Grape ( Vitis labrusca L.) Puree, Juice, and Pomace on Intestinal Morphology, Functionality, and Bacterial Populations In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173539. [PMID: 36079797 PMCID: PMC9460804 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a preliminary study evaluating the effect of different fractions of Concord grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) on the brush border membrane (BBM) morphology, duodenal gene expression, and specific gut bacterial populations. For this study, we utilized a unique intraamniotic approach, wherein, the test substances are administered into the amnion of the Gallus gallus egg (on day 17). The embryo orally consumes the amniotic fluid along with the injected test substance before the hatch. We randomly divided ~50 fertilized eggs into 5 groups including 6% grape (juice, puree, and pomace) along with controls (no injection and diluent—H2O). The grape juice was prepared by crushing the grapes; the grape residues were used as pomace. The grape puree included the grape skin, endocarp, mesocarp, and juice but not the seeds. On day 21, the hatch day, the blood, pectoral muscle, liver, duodenum, and large intestine were harvested. Our results showed no significant differences in blood glucose, pectoral glycogen level, or body weight. However, significant (p < 0.05) differences in duodenal and liver gene expression were observed between the treatment groups. The grape puree treatment resulted in higher Clostridium numbers and lower Bifidobacterium numbers when compared to all other groups. In summary, the dietary consumption of grape polyphenols has the potential to beneficially modulate aspects of intestinal health provided their concentration is limited.
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87
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Wu H, Ganguly S, Tollefsbol TO. Modulating Microbiota as a New Strategy for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091727. [PMID: 36144329 PMCID: PMC9503838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in the United States. There has been an increasing incidence and decreasing mortality rate of BC cases over the past several decades. Many risk factors are associated with BC, such as diet, aging, personal and family history, obesity, and some environmental factors. Recent studies have shown that healthy individuals and BC patients have different microbiota composition, indicating that microbiome is a new risk factor for BC. Gut and breast microbiota alterations are associated with BC prognosis. This review will evaluate altered microbiota populations in gut, breast tissue, and milk of BC patients, as well as mechanisms of interactions between microbiota modulation and BC. Probiotics and prebiotics are commercially available dietary supplements to alleviate side-effects of cancer therapies. They also shape the population of human gut microbiome. This review evaluates novel means of modulating microbiota by nutritional treatment with probiotics and prebiotics as emerging and promising strategies for prevention and treatment of BC. The mechanistic role of probiotic and prebiotics partially depend on alterations in estrogen metabolism, systematic immune regulation, and epigenetics regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sebanti Ganguly
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- University Wide Microbiome Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-4573; Fax: +1-205-975-6097
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88
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Regulation of a High-Iron Diet on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162063. [PMID: 36009656 PMCID: PMC9405328 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis disorder is associated with the imbalance of lipid metabolism, while the specific interaction remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a high-iron diet on lipid metabolism in mice. The C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet (WT) or a high-iron diet (WT + Fe) for 12 weeks. We found that mice in the WT + Fe group showed a significant decrease in body weight gain, body fat and lipid accumulation of liver when compared with mice in the WT group. Accordingly, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were both reduced in mice with a high-iron diet. Moreover, mice in the WT + Fe group exhibited a significant decrease in expression of genes regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, and a significant increase in expression of fat hydrolysis enzyme genes in both liver and adipose tissues, which was consistent with their dramatic reduction in adipocyte cell size. In addition, a high-iron diet decreased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Romboutsia and Erysipelatoclostridium). Thus, our research revealed that a high-iron diet reduced lipid deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. Altered gut microbial composition induced by a high-iron diet may not play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism, but might cause unwanted side effects such as intestinal inflammation and damaged villi morphology at the intestinal host–microbe interface. These findings provide new insights into the relationship among iron, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota.
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89
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Evaluation of Normalization Approaches for Quantitative Analysis of Bile Acids in Human Feces. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080723. [PMID: 36005595 PMCID: PMC9416035 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of bile acids in human feces can potentially help to better understand the influence of the gut microbiome and diet on human health. Feces is a highly heterogeneous sample matrix, mainly consisting of water and indigestible solid material (as plant fibers) that show high inter-individual variability. To compare bile acid concentrations among different individuals, a reliable normalization approach is needed. Here, we compared the impact of three normalization approaches, namely sample wet weight, dry weight, and protein concentration, on the absolute concentrations of fecal bile acids. Bile acid concentrations were determined in 70 feces samples from healthy humans. Our data show that bile acid concentrations normalized by the three different approaches are substantially different for each individual sample. Fecal bile acid concentrations normalized by wet weight show the narrowest distribution. Therefore, our analysis will provide the basis for the selection of a suitable normalization approach for the quantitative analysis of bile acids in feces.
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90
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Forlano R, Sivakumar M, Mullish BH, Manousou P. Gut Microbiota—A Future Therapeutic Target for People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158307. [PMID: 35955434 PMCID: PMC9368436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease, affecting one-third of the population worldwide. Despite many medications being in the pipeline to treat the condition, there is still no pharmaceutical agent licensed to treat the disease. As intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD, it has been suggested that manipulating the microbiome may represent a therapeutical option. In this review, we summarise the latest evidence supporting the manipulation of the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapy for treating liver disease in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Forlano
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
| | - Mathuri Sivakumar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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91
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Palm CL, Nijholt KT, Bakker BM, Westenbrink BD. Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Metabolism of Heart Failure – Rethinking the Fat Stigma. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:915102. [PMID: 35898266 PMCID: PMC9309381 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a disease with immense global health burden. During the development of HF, the myocardium and therefore cardiac metabolism undergoes specific changes, with decreased long-chain fatty acid oxidation and increased anaerobic glycolysis, diminishing the overall energy yield. Based on the dogma that the failing heart is oxygen-deprived and on the fact that carbohydrates are more oxygen-efficient than FA, metabolic HF drugs have so far aimed to stimulate glucose oxidation or inhibit FA oxidation. Unfortunately, these treatments have failed to provide meaningful clinical benefits. We believe it is time to rethink the concept that fat is harmful to the failing heart. In this review we discuss accumulating evidence that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may be an effective fuel for the failing heart. In contrast to long-chain fatty acids, SCFAs are readily taken up and oxidized by the heart and could serve as a nutraceutical treatment strategy. In addition, we discuss how SCFAs activate pathways that increase long chain fatty acid oxidation, which could help increase the overall energy availability. Another potential beneficial effect we discuss lies within the anti-inflammatory effect of SCFAs, which has shown to inhibit cardiac fibrosis – a key pathological process in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin L. Palm
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten T. Nijholt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: B. Daan Westenbrink
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92
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Takei N, Kuda T, Handa N, Fujita S, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Detection and isolation of typical gut indigenous bacteria in ICR mice fed wheat bran and wheat straw fibre. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100071. [PMID: 35415683 PMCID: PMC8991949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw fibre (WSF) were administered ICR mice for 14 days. Caecal microbiota was determined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Caecal Lactobacillus johnsonii and Limosilactobacillus reuteri were high in WB diet-fed mice. L. johnsonii Wheat-1 and L. reuteri Wheat-12 strains could be isolated. WB fermentation with L. johnsonii Wheat-1 induce superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity.
Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw fibre (WSF) are by-products of the wheat flour industry. To prove the existence of indigenous gut bacteria responsible for WB and WSF, the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed a diet containing no fibre (CS), 10% WB, or 5% WSF for 14 d. The caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rDNA (V4 region) amplicon sequencing. Typical colonies were isolated and estimated by 16S rRNA gene BLASTn analysis. The predominant amplicon sequence variants in all diet groups belonged to Bifidobacterium pseudolongum- and Faecalibaculum rodentium-like bacteria. Lactobacillus johnsonii- and Limosilactobacillus reuteri-like bacteria were high in the WB group compared with those in the CS group. Lactobacillus johnsonii Wheat-1 and L. reuteri Wheat-12 strains could be isolated. Lactobacillus johnsonii Wheat-1 exhibited good fermentation activity in 10% (w/v) WB suspension. Superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of the WB suspension was significantly increased by the fermentation.
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93
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Short-Term Dairy Product Elimination and Reintroduction Minimally Perturbs the Gut Microbiota in Self-Reported Lactose-Intolerant Adults. mBio 2022; 13:e0105122. [PMID: 35695459 PMCID: PMC9239098 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding question regarding the human gut microbiota is whether and how microbiota-directed interventions influence host phenotypic traits. Here, we employed a dietary intervention to probe this question in the context of lactose intolerance. To assess the effects of dietary dairy product elimination and (re)introduction on the microbiota and host phenotype, we studied 12 self-reported mildly lactose-intolerant adults with triweekly collection of fecal samples over a 12-week study period: 2 weeks of baseline diet, 4 weeks of dairy product elimination, and 6 weeks of gradual whole cow milk (re)introduction. Of the 12 subjects, 6 reported either no dairy or only lactose-free dairy product consumption. A clinical assay for lactose intolerance, the hydrogen breath test, was performed before and after each of these three study phases, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on all fecal samples. We found that none of the subjects showed change in a clinically defined measure of lactose tolerance. Similarly, fecal microbiota structure resisted modification. Although the mean fraction of the genus Bifidobacterium, a group known to metabolize lactose, increased slightly with milk (re)introduction (from 0.0125 to 0.0206; Wilcoxon P = 0.068), the overall structure of each subject’s gut microbiota remained highly individualized and largely stable in the face of diet manipulation.
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94
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Zhu M, Liu X, Ye Y, Yan X, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Chen F, Ling Z. Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937555. [PMID: 35812394 PMCID: PMC9263276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence, development and progression of PD. Numerous clinical trials have identified the characteristics of the changed gut microbiota profiles, and preclinical studies in PD animal models have indicated that gut dysbiosis can influence the progression and onset of PD via increasing intestinal permeability, aggravating neuroinflammation, aggregating abnormal levels of α-synuclein fibrils, increasing oxidative stress, and decreasing neurotransmitter production. The gut microbiota can be considered promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PD, which can be regulated by probiotics, psychobiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet modifications, and Chinese medicine. This review summarizes the recent studies in PD-associated gut microbiota profiles and functions, the potential roles, and mechanisms of gut microbiota in PD, and gut microbiota-targeted interventions for PD. Deciphering the underlying roles and mechanisms of the PD-associated gut microbiota will help interpret the pathogenesis of PD from new perspectives and elucidate novel therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiru Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; ; Feng Chen,
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95
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The Gut Microbiome-Brain Crosstalk in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071486. [PMID: 35884791 PMCID: PMC9312830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex interactive network linking the gut to the brain. It involves the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal and the central nervous system, mediated by endocrinological, immunological, and neural signals. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. The gut microbiome is a pivotal component of the GBA, and alterations in its composition have been linked to GBA dysfunction and CNS inflammation and degeneration. The gut microbiome might influence the homeostasis of the central nervous system homeostasis through the modulation of the immune system and, more directly, the production of molecules and metabolites. Small clinical and preclinical trials, in which microbial composition was manipulated using dietary changes, fecal microbiome transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized control trials are lacking. Here, we give an overview of how the gut microbiome influences the GBA and could contribute to disease pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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96
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Dietary Melanoidins from Biscuits and Bread Crust Alter the Structure and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production of Human Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071268. [PMID: 35888986 PMCID: PMC9323165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoidins are the products of the Maillard reaction between carbonyl and amino groups of macromolecules and are readily formed in foods, especially during heat treatment. In this study we utilized the three-stage Human Gut Simulator system to assess the effect of providing melanoidins extracted from either biscuits or bread crust to the human gut microbiota. Addition of melanoidins to the growth medium led to statistically significant alterations in the microbial community composition, and it increased short-chain fatty acid and antioxidant production by the microbiota. The magnitude of these changes was much higher for cultures grown with biscuit melanoidins. Several lines of evidence indicate that such differences between these melanoidin sources might be due to the presence of lipid components in biscuit melanoidin structures. Because melanoidins are largely not degraded by human gastrointestinal enzymes, they provide an additional source of microbiota-accessible nutrients to our gut microbes.
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97
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Lee S, Fan P, Liu T, Yang A, Boughton RK, Pepin KM, Miller RS, Jeong KC. Transmission of antibiotic resistance at the wildlife-livestock interface. Commun Biol 2022; 5:585. [PMID: 35705693 PMCID: PMC9200806 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) are widespread in natural environments, animals (wildlife and livestock), and humans, which has reduced our capacity to control life threatening infectious disease. Yet, little is known about their transmission pathways, especially at the wildlife-livestock interface. This study investigated the potential transmission of ARMs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between cattle and wildlife by comparing gut microbiota and ARG profiles of feral swine (Sus scrofa), coyotes (Canis latrans), cattle (Bos taurus), and environmental microbiota. Unexpectedly, wild animals harbored more abundant ARMs and ARGs compared to grazing cattle. Gut microbiota of cattle was significantly more similar to that of feral swine captured within the cattle grazing area where the home range of both species overlapped substantially. In addition, ARMs against medically important antibiotics were more prevalent in wildlife than grazing cattle, suggesting that wildlife could be a source of ARMs colonization in livestock. Analysis of microbiome data from feral swine, coyotes, domesticated cattle, and the surrounding environment reveals that wild animals harbor more abundant antibiotic-resistant organisms than livestock, and might act as a source of antibiotic-resistant microbes in outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Lee
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Peixin Fan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anni Yang
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 4101 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Raoul K Boughton
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Ona, FL, 33865, USA
| | - Kim M Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 4101 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Ryan S Miller
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2150 Center Dr., Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kwangcheol Casey Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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98
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Alimena S, Davis J, Fichorova RN, Feldman S. The vaginal microbiome: A complex milieu affecting risk of human papillomavirus persistence and cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2022; 46:100877. [PMID: 35709613 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe the existing literature regarding the relationship between the vaginal microbiome, human papillomavirus persistence, and cervical cancer risk, as well as to discuss factors that mediate these relationships. Data suggest that alterations in the vaginal microbiome affect the risk of human papillomavirus infection and persistence, which has downstream effects on cervical dysplasia and cancer risk. The homeostatic Lactobillus species L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. jensenii act to promote a healthy vaginal environment, while L. iners and pathogens causing bacterial vaginosis are associated with increased inflammation, human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia, and potentially cancer. There are, however, still several large gaps in the literature, particularly related to the modifiable and non-modifiable factors that affect the vaginal microbiome and ensuing risk of pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. Evidence currently suggests that endogenous and exogenous hormones, tobacco products, and sexual practices influence vaginal microbiome composition, but the nuances of these relationships and how changes in these factors affect dysplasia risk are yet to be delineated. Other studies examining how diet, exercise, race, socioeconomic status, and genetic factors influence the vaginal microbiome are difficult to interpret in the setting of multiple confounders. Future studies should focus on how changes in these modulatory factors might promote a healthy vaginal microbiome to prevent or treat dysplasia in the lower female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Alimena
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | | | - Raina N Fichorova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Feldman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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99
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Xia Y, Kuda T, Nakamura S, Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Effects of soy protein and β-conglycinin on microbiota and in vitro antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacities of human faecal cultures. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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100
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Woelber JP, Al-Ahmad A, Alt KW. On the Pathogenicity of the Oral Biofilm: A Critical Review from a Biological, Evolutionary, and Nutritional Point of View. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102174. [PMID: 35631315 PMCID: PMC9144701 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque control is one of the most recommended approaches in the prevention and therapy of caries and periodontal diseases. However, although most individuals in industrialized countries already perform daily oral hygiene, caries and periodontal diseases still are the most common diseases of mankind. This raises the question of whether plaque control is really a causative and effective approach to the prevention of these diseases. From an evolutionary, biological, and nutritional perspective, dental biofilms have to be considered a natural phenomenon, whereas several changes in human lifestyle factors during modern evolution are not “natural”. These lifestyle factors include the modern “Western diet” (rich in sugar and saturated fats and low in micronutrients), smoking, sedentary behavior, and continuous stress. This review hypothesizes that not plaque itself but rather these modern, unnatural lifestyle factors are the real causes of the high prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases besides several other non-communicable diseases. Accordingly, applying evolutionary and lifestyle medicine in dentistry would offer a causative approach against oral and common diseases, which would not be possible with oral hygiene approaches used on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Kurt Werner Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
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