51
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Ishii Y, Akasaka N, Sakoda H, Hidese R, Fujiwara S. Leucine responsive regulatory protein is involved in methionine metabolism and polyamine homeostasis in acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter europaeus. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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52
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Electrical synapses mediate synergism between pheromone and food odors in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9962-E9971. [PMID: 29087946 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712706114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, the sex pheromone produced by males, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), evokes a stereotypic gender-specific behavior in both males and females. As Drosophila adults feed, mate, and oviposit on food, they perceive the pheromone as a blend against a background of food odors. Previous studies have reported that food odors enhance flies' behavioral response to cVA, specifically in virgin females. However, how and where the different olfactory inputs interact has so far remained unknown. In this study, we elucidated the neuronal mechanism underlying the response at an anatomical, functional, and behavioral level. Our data show that in virgin females cVA and the complex food odor vinegar evoke a synergistic response in the cVA-responsive glomerulus DA1. This synergism, however, does not appear at the input level of the glomerulus, but is restricted to the projection neuron level only. Notably, it is abolished by a mutation in gap junctions in projection neurons and is found to be mediated by electrical synapses between excitatory local interneurons and projection neurons. As a behavioral consequence, we demonstrate that virgin females in the presence of vinegar become receptive more rapidly to courting males, while male courtship is not affected. Altogether, our results suggest that lateral excitation via gap junctions modulates odor tuning in the antennal lobe and drives synergistic interactions between two ecologically relevant odors, representing food and sex.
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Lebreton S, Borrero-Echeverry F, Gonzalez F, Solum M, Wallin EA, Hedenström E, Hansson BS, Gustavsson AL, Bengtsson M, Birgersson G, Walker WB, Dweck HKM, Becher PG, Witzgall P. A Drosophila female pheromone elicits species-specific long-range attraction via an olfactory channel with dual specificity for sex and food. BMC Biol 2017; 15:88. [PMID: 28962619 PMCID: PMC5622430 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mate finding and recognition in animals evolves during niche adaptation and involves social signals and habitat cues. Drosophila melanogaster and related species are known to be attracted to fermenting fruit for feeding and egg-laying, which poses the question of whether species-specific fly odours contribute to long-range premating communication. Results We have discovered an olfactory channel in D. melanogaster with a dual affinity to sex and food odorants. Female flies release a pheromone, (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al), that elicits flight attraction in both sexes. Its biosynthetic precursor is the cuticular hydrocarbon (Z,Z)-7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), which is known to afford reproductive isolation between the sibling species D. melanogaster and D. simulans during courtship. Twin olfactory receptors, Or69aB and Or69aA, are tuned to Z4-11Al and food odorants, respectively. They are co-expressed in the same olfactory sensory neurons, and feed into a neural circuit mediating species-specific, long-range communication; however, the close relative D. simulans, which shares food resources with D. melanogaster, does not respond to Z4-11Al. Conclusion The Or69aA and Or69aB isoforms have adopted dual olfactory traits. The underlying gene yields a collaboration between natural and sexual selection, which has the potential to drive speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Lebreton
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Felipe Borrero-Echeverry
- Biological Control Laboratory, Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research, AA 240142 Las Palmas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Marit Solum
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erika A Wallin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedenström
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 172, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - William B Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hany K M Dweck
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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54
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Keesey IW, Koerte S, Khallaf MA, Retzke T, Guillou A, Grosse-Wilde E, Buchon N, Knaden M, Hansson BS. Pathogenic bacteria enhance dispersal through alteration of Drosophila social communication. Nat Commun 2017; 8:265. [PMID: 28814724 PMCID: PMC5559524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens and parasites can manipulate their hosts to optimize their own fitness. For instance, bacterial pathogens have been shown to affect their host plants' volatile and non-volatile metabolites, which results in increased attraction of insect vectors to the plant, and, hence, to increased pathogen dispersal. Behavioral manipulation by parasites has also been shown for mice, snails and zebrafish as well as for insects. Here we show that infection by pathogenic bacteria alters the social communication system of Drosophila melanogaster. More specifically, infected flies and their frass emit dramatically increased amounts of fly odors, including the aggregation pheromones methyl laurate, methyl myristate, and methyl palmitate, attracting healthy flies, which in turn become infected and further enhance pathogen dispersal. Thus, olfactory cues for attraction and aggregation are vulnerable to pathogenic manipulation, and we show that the alteration of social pheromones can be beneficial to the microbe while detrimental to the insect host.Behavioral manipulation of host by pathogens has been observed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Here the authors show that in Drosophila, infection with pathogenic bacteria leads to increased pheromone release, which attracts healthy flies. This process benefits the pathogen since it enhances bacterial dispersal, but is detrimental to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Keesey
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah Koerte
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammed A Khallaf
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Tom Retzke
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Aurélien Guillou
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 5124 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 5124 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Markus Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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55
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Swoboda-Bhattarai KA, McPhie DR, Burrack HJ. Reproductive Status of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Females Influences Attraction to Fermentation-Based Baits and Ripe Fruits. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1648-1652. [PMID: 28541540 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species that is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruit crops. Although much effort has been directed toward developing traps and attractants to monitor for D. suzukii, current monitoring tools do not reliably predict fruit infestation. The objective of this study was to determine if D. suzukii females at different developmental stages are differentially attracted to monitoring traps with fermentation-based baits and ripe fruits. Females were collected on the surface of traps, within traps, and on ripe fruits during three experiments at field locations in North Carolina, USA, and were dissected to determine their reproductive status. In general, females collected on ripe fruits were more likely to have mature eggs present in their ovaries and had higher numbers of mature eggs than females collected on the surface of or within monitoring traps. The results of this study have implications for D. suzukii monitoring and the development of effective baits for use in integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Swoboda-Bhattarai
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7634, Raleigh, NC 27695-7634
| | - Douglas R McPhie
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7634, Raleigh, NC 27695-7634
- NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Dr., STE 110, Raleigh, NC 27606-5228
| | - Hannah J Burrack
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7634, Raleigh, NC 27695-7634
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Dzialo MC, Park R, Steensels J, Lievens B, Verstrepen KJ. Physiology, ecology and industrial applications of aroma formation in yeast. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:S95-S128. [PMID: 28830094 PMCID: PMC5916228 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells are often employed in industrial fermentation processes for their ability to efficiently convert relatively high concentrations of sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Additionally, fermenting yeast cells produce a wide range of other compounds, including various higher alcohols, carbonyl compounds, phenolic compounds, fatty acid derivatives and sulfur compounds. Interestingly, many of these secondary metabolites are volatile and have pungent aromas that are often vital for product quality. In this review, we summarize the different biochemical pathways underlying aroma production in yeast as well as the relevance of these compounds for industrial applications and the factors that influence their production during fermentation. Additionally, we discuss the different physiological and ecological roles of aroma-active metabolites, including recent findings that point at their role as signaling molecules and attractants for insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Dzialo
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rahel Park
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Steensels
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, Fortsesteenweg 30A B-2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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57
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Maternally-transmitted microbiota affects odor emission and preference in Drosophila larva. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6062. [PMID: 28729609 PMCID: PMC5519639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies show that early sensory experience often affects subsequent sensory preference, suggesting that the heterogeneity of sensory cues in nature could induce significant inter-individual behavioral variation, potentially contributing to maintain intraspecific diversity. To test this hypothesis, we explored the behavioral effect induced by variation in the levels of a self-produced chemical, acetoin, and its link with intraspecific diversity. Acetoin is a pheromone-like substance produced by gut-associated microorganisms in Drosophila. Using wild-type Drosophila melanogaster populations producing variable acetoin levels, we (i) characterized factors involved in this variation and (ii) manipulated some of these factors to affect acetoin responses in larvae. We found that increased and decreased variations in acetoin levels were caused by microorganisms associated with the outside and inside of the egg, respectively. Wild-type larvae preferred acetoin-rich food only when they both produced and were exposed to substantial amounts of acetoin. The removal of the outside of the egg or the genetic alteration of olfaction abolished this preference. In contrast, larvae exposed to high doses of synthetic acetoin were repulsed by acetoin. The similar effects obtained with freshly caught wild-type lines suggest that this acetoin "production-preference" link underlies the diversity of acetoin-producing microorganisms among natural D. melanogaster populations.
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58
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Soso SB, Koziel JA. Characterizing the scent and chemical composition of Panthera leo marking fluid using solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5137. [PMID: 28698649 PMCID: PMC5506057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lions (Panthera leo) use chemical signaling to indicate health, reproductive status, and territorial ownership. To date, no study has reported on both scent and composition of marking fluid (MF) from P. leo. The objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a novel method for simultaneous chemical and scent identification of lion MF in its totality (urine + MF), 2) identify characteristic odorants responsible for the overall scent of MF as perceived by human panelists, and 3) compare the existing library of known odorous compounds characterized as eliciting behaviors in animals in order to understand potential functionality in lion behavior. Solid-phase microextraction and simultaneous chemical-sensory analyses with multidimensional gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry improved separating, isolating, and identifying mixed (MF, urine) compounds versus solvent-based extraction and chemical analyses. 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine, 4-methylphenol, and 3-methylcyclopentanone were isolated and identified as the compounds responsible for the characteristic odor of lion MF. Twenty-eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from MF were identified, adding a new list of compounds previously unidentified in lion urine. New chemicals were identified in nine compound groups: ketones, aldehydes, amines, alcohols, aromatics, sulfur-containing compounds, phenyls, phenols, and volatile fatty acids. Twenty-three VOCs are known semiochemicals that are implicated in attraction, reproduction, and alarm-signaling behaviors in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Soso
- Iowa State University, Environmental Science Graduate Program, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America.,Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America
| | - Jacek A Koziel
- Iowa State University, Environmental Science Graduate Program, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America. .,Iowa State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America.
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59
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Cicconardi F, Di Marino D, Olimpieri PP, Arthofer W, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. Chemosensory adaptations of the mountain fly Drosophila nigrosparsa (Insecta: Diptera) through genomics' and structural biology's lenses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43770. [PMID: 28256589 PMCID: PMC5335605 DOI: 10.1038/srep43770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoreception is essential for survival. Some chemicals signal the presence of nutrients or toxins, others the proximity of mating partners, competitors, or predators. Chemical signal transduction has therefore been studied in multiple organisms. In Drosophila species, a number of odorant receptor genes and various other types of chemoreceptors were found. Three main gene families encode for membrane receptors and one for globular proteins that shuttle compounds with different degrees of affinity and specificity towards receptors. By sequencing the genome of Drosophila nigrosparsa, a habitat specialist restricted to montane/alpine environment, and combining genomics and structural biology techniques, we characterised odorant, gustatory, ionotropic receptors and odorant binding proteins, annotating 189 loci and modelling the protein structure of two ionotropic receptors and one odorant binding protein. We hypothesise that the D. nigrosparsa genome experienced gene loss and various evolutionary pressures (diversifying positive selection, relaxation, and pseudogenisation), as well as structural modification in the geometry and electrostatic potential of the two ionotropic receptor binding sites. We discuss possible trajectories in chemosensory adaptation processes, possibly enhancing compound affinity and mediating the evolution of more specialized food, and a fine-tuned mechanism of adaptation.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Animals
- Drosophila/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/classification
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Genomic Library
- Genomics/methods
- Models, Molecular
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Cell Surface/classification
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/chemistry
- Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/classification
- Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Odorant/chemistry
- Receptors, Odorant/classification
- Receptors, Odorant/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicconardi
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Informatics, Institute of Computational Science, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Florian M. Steiner
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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60
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Prieto-Godino LL, Rytz R, Cruchet S, Bargeton B, Abuin L, Silbering AF, Ruta V, Dal Peraro M, Benton R. Evolution of Acid-Sensing Olfactory Circuits in Drosophilids. Neuron 2017; 93:661-676.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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61
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Houot B, Gigot V, Robichon A, Ferveur JF. Free flight odor tracking in Drosophila: Effect of wing chemosensors, sex and pheromonal gene regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40221. [PMID: 28067325 PMCID: PMC5220339 DOI: 10.1038/srep40221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of powered flight in insects had major consequences for global biodiversity and involved the acquisition of adaptive processes allowing individuals to disperse to new ecological niches. Flies use both vision and olfactory input from their antennae to guide their flight; chemosensors on fly wings have been described, but their function remains mysterious. We studied Drosophila flight in a wind tunnel. By genetically manipulating wing chemosensors, we show that these structures play an essential role in flight performance with a sex-specific effect. Pheromonal systems are also involved in Drosophila flight guidance: transgenic expression of the pheromone production and detection gene, desat1, produced low, rapid flight that was absent in control flies. Our study suggests that the sex-specific modulation of free-flight odor tracking depends on gene expression in various fly tissues including wings and pheromonal-related tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Houot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Gigot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alain Robichon
- UMR INRA/CNRS/UNS 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des Chappes, P.O. Box 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR6265 CNRS, UMR1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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62
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Giacomuzzi V, Cappellin L, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Schütz S, Tasin M, Knight AL, Angeli S. Emission of Volatile Compounds from Apple Plants Infested with Pandemis heparana Larvae, Antennal Response of Conspecific Adults, and Preliminary Field Trial. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1265-1280. [PMID: 27896554 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the volatile emission from apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Golden Delicious) foliage that was either intact, mechanically-damaged, or exposed to larval feeding by Pandemis heparana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Volatiles were collected by closed-loop-stripping-analysis and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in three time periods: after 1 h and again 24 and 48 h later. Volatiles for all treatments also were monitored continuously over a 72-h period by the use of proton transfer reaction - time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). In addition, the volatile samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) using male and female antennae of P. heparana. Twelve compounds were detected from intact foliage compared with 23 from mechanically-damaged, and 30 from P. heparana-infested foliage. Interestingly, six compounds were released only by P. heparana-infested foliage. The emission dynamics of many compounds measured by PTR-ToF-MS showed striking differences according to the timing of herbivory and the circadian cycle. For example, the emission of green leaf volatiles began shortly after the start of herbivory, and increased over time independently from the light-dark cycle. Conversely, the emission of terpenes and aromatic compounds showed a several-hour delay in response to herbivory, and followed a diurnal rhythm. Methanol was the only identified volatile showing a nocturnal rhythm. Consistent GC-EAD responses were found for sixteen compounds, including five aromatic ones. A field trial in Sweden demonstrated that benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetonitrile, and indole lures placed in traps were not attractive to Pandemis spp. adults, but 2-phenylethanol and phenylacetonitrile when used in combination with acetic acid were attractive to both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Giacomuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge,, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Stefan Schütz
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tasin
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit of Integrated Plant Protection, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Växtskyddsvägen 3, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Alan L Knight
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA.
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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63
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Prieto-Godino LL, Rytz R, Bargeton B, Abuin L, Arguello JR, Dal Peraro M, Benton R. Olfactory receptor pseudo-pseudogenes. Nature 2016; 539:93-97. [PMID: 27776356 PMCID: PMC5164928 DOI: 10.1038/nature19824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogenes are generally considered to be non-functional DNA sequences that arise through nonsense or frame-shift mutations of protein-coding genes. Although certain pseudogene-derived RNAs have regulatory roles, and some pseudogene fragments are translated, no clear functions for pseudogene-derived proteins are known. Olfactory receptor families contain many pseudogenes, which reflect low selection pressures on loci no longer relevant to the fitness of a species. Here we report the characterization of a pseudogene in the chemosensory variant ionotropic glutamate receptor repertoire of Drosophila sechellia, an insect endemic to the Seychelles that feeds almost exclusively on the ripe fruit of Morinda citrifolia. This locus, D. sechellia Ir75a, bears a premature termination codon (PTC) that appears to be fixed in the population. However, D. sechellia Ir75a encodes a functional receptor, owing to efficient translational read-through of the PTC. Read-through is detected only in neurons and is independent of the type of termination codon, but depends on the sequence downstream of the PTC. Furthermore, although the intact Drosophila melanogaster Ir75a orthologue detects acetic acid-a chemical cue important for locating fermenting food found only at trace levels in Morinda fruit-D. sechellia Ir75a has evolved distinct odour-tuning properties through amino-acid changes in its ligand-binding domain. We identify functional PTC-containing loci within different olfactory receptor repertoires and species, suggesting that such 'pseudo-pseudogenes' could represent a widespread phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia L. Prieto-Godino
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Rytz
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoîte Bargeton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Abuin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J. Roman Arguello
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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64
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Corrales-Carvajal VM, Faisal AA, Ribeiro C. Internal states drive nutrient homeostasis by modulating exploration-exploitation trade-off. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27770569 PMCID: PMC5108593 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal states can profoundly alter the behavior of animals. A quantitative understanding of the behavioral changes upon metabolic challenges is key to a mechanistic dissection of how animals maintain nutritional homeostasis. We used an automated video tracking setup to characterize how amino acid and reproductive states interact to shape exploitation and exploration decisions taken by adult Drosophila melanogaster. We find that these two states have specific effects on the decisions to stop at and leave proteinaceous food patches. Furthermore, the internal nutrient state defines the exploration-exploitation trade-off: nutrient-deprived flies focus on specific patches while satiated flies explore more globally. Finally, we show that olfaction mediates the efficient recognition of yeast as an appropriate protein source in mated females and that octopamine is specifically required to mediate homeostatic postmating responses without affecting internal nutrient sensing. Internal states therefore modulate specific aspects of exploitation and exploration to change nutrient selection. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19920.001 When making decisions, animals, including humans, do not always choose the same option. One reason for this is that their “internal state” changes the value of different options. This is particularly evident when deciding what type of food to eat. Depending on which nutrients the animal needs, it will choose to eat different foods. Amino acids are key nutrients that affect health, lifespan and reproduction. Female fruit flies that have recently mated, for example, eat more amino acids in order to obtain the raw materials required to produce eggs. Despite the importance of amino acids, little was known about how animal behavior changes in response to a lack of this nutrient. Corrales-Carvajal et al. used a video tracking system to measure the time that fruit flies – some of which had a need for amino acids – spent feeding on patches of yeast (which are rich in amino acids) versus patches of sucrose. Recently mated females – and virgins that had been fed a diet lacking in amino acids – consumed more yeast than sucrose, whereas virgin females that were not amino acid deficient showed the opposite pattern. To bias the fly toward eating the right food for their needs, several aspects of the fly’s behavior changed, including the number and length of individual feeding bouts. These different behaviors did not all change at the same time. The pattern of exploration taken by the flies also depended on their need for amino acids. Amino acid deficient flies spent most of their time near known yeast patches. By contrast, fully fed flies adopted a riskier foraging strategy, moving away from known sources of food to explore their environment more widely. In common with humans, the flies relied upon their sense of smell to efficiently identify different types of food. Overall, the results presented by Corrales-Carvajal et al. provide us with a detailed understanding about how changes to the internal state of the fly affect its behavior. The next step will be to use the powerful genetic tools available for studying fruit flies to reveal the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms that help animals find the types of food that they need. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19920.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica María Corrales-Carvajal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo A Faisal
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Integrative Biology Division, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Ribeiro
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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65
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Getahun MN, Thoma M, Lavista-Llanos S, Keesey I, Fandino RA, Knaden M, Wicher D, Olsson SB, Hansson BS. Intracellular regulation of the insect chemoreceptor complex impacts odour localization in flying insects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3428-3438. [PMID: 27591307 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Flying insects are well known for airborne odour tracking and have evolved diverse chemoreceptors. While ionotropic receptors (IRs) are found across protostomes, insect odorant receptors (ORs) have only been identified in winged insects. We therefore hypothesized that the unique signal transduction of ORs offers an advantage for odour localization in flight. Using Drosophila, we found expression and increased activity of the intracellular signalling protein PKC in antennal sensilla following odour stimulation. Odour stimulation also enhanced phosphorylation of the OR co-receptor Orco in vitro, while site-directed mutation of Orco or mutations in PKC subtypes reduced the sensitivity and dynamic range of OR-expressing neurons in vivo, but not IR-expressing neurons. We ultimately show that these mutations reduce competence for odour localization of flies in flight. We conclude that intracellular regulation of OR sensitivity is necessary for efficient odour localization, which suggests a mechanistic advantage for the evolution of the OR complex in flying insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merid N Getahun
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Michael Thoma
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Sofia Lavista-Llanos
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian Keesey
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Richard A Fandino
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
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66
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Cunningham JP, Carlsson MA, Villa TF, Dekker T, Clarke AR. Do Fruit Ripening Volatiles Enable Resource Specialism in Polyphagous Fruit Flies? J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:931-940. [PMID: 27586434 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Frugivorous tephritid fruit flies have lineages with high levels of host generalism. These insects use olfaction to locate fruits, but how they are able to recognize the odors of so many different host species is poorly understood. We used a series of behavioral experiments to investigate the role of fruit ripening volatiles as host cues in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), a polyphagous pest in Australia. Odors of mature guava (Psidium guajava) attracted female and male flies more strongly than three other ripening stages and guava pulp. We analyzed volatiles from guava odor and selected eleven compounds, all of which elicited an electrophysiological response in the antenna of female flies. Three of these, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, and ethyl propionate, were released at the highest rates from the most attractive ripening stage. In behavioral trials, these three esters were not attractive individually, whereas a combination was necessary and sufficient in attracting female flies. The three-component blend was as attractive as the entire 11-component blend, which without these key volatiles was not attractive. Moreover, injecting low ranking hosts (squash and cucumber) with the three volatiles increased attraction in ovipositing female flies. These fruit flies are classed as generalists, but like many polyphagous insects they could be regarded as resource specialists, preferring specific plant reproductive stages with predictable odor cues. Exploring olfaction from this perspective could improve our understanding of host choice in polyphagous insects, and the selection of volatiles to be used as attractants in insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Cunningham
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport & Resources, Biosciences Research, AgriBio Centre, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. .,Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Mikael A Carlsson
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommaso F Villa
- Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Biosecurity, ACT, Bruce, Australia
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67
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Mori BA, Whitener AB, Leinweber Y, Revadi S, Beers EH, Witzgall P, Becher PG. Enhanced yeast feeding following mating facilitates control of the invasive fruit pestDrosophila suzukii. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyd A. Mori
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Alix B. Whitener
- Department of Entomology; WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center; 1100 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee WA 98801 USA
| | - Yannick Leinweber
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Santosh Revadi
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Elizabeth H. Beers
- Department of Entomology; WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center; 1100 N. Western Avenue Wenatchee WA 98801 USA
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 102 23053 Alnarp Sweden
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68
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Dweck HK, Ebrahim SA, Khallaf MA, Koenig C, Farhan A, Stieber R, Weißflog J, Svatoš A, Grosse-Wilde E, Knaden M, Hansson BS. Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27213519 PMCID: PMC4927298 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster is equipped with two peripheral olfactory organs, antenna and maxillary palp. The antenna is involved in finding food, oviposition sites and mates. However, the functional significance of the maxillary palp remained unknown. Here, we screened the olfactory sensory neurons of the maxillary palp (MP-OSNs) using a large number of natural odor extracts to identify novel ligands for each MP-OSN type. We found that each type is the sole or the primary detector for a specific compound, and detects these compounds with high sensitivity. We next dissected the contribution of MP-OSNs to behaviors evoked by their key ligands and found that MP-OSNs mediate short- and long-range attraction. Furthermore, the organization, detection and olfactory receptor (Or) genes of MP-OSNs are conserved in the agricultural pest D. suzukii. The novel short and long-range attractants could potentially be used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of this pest species. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14925.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Km Dweck
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Shimaa Am Ebrahim
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammed A Khallaf
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher Koenig
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Abu Farhan
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Stieber
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jerrit Weißflog
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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69
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Versace E, Eriksson A, Rocchi F, Castellan I, Sgadò P, Haase A. Physiological and behavioral responses in Drosophila melanogaster to odorants present at different plant maturation stages. Physiol Behav 2016; 163:322-331. [PMID: 27195459 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster feeds and oviposits on fermented fruit, hence its physiological and behavioral responses are expected to be tuned to odorants abundant during later stages of fruit maturation. We used a population of about two-hundred isogenic lines of D. melanogaster to assay physiological responses (electroantennograms (EAG)) and behavioral correlates (preferences and choice ratio) to odorants found at different stages of fruit maturation. We quantified electrophysiological and behavioral responses of D. melanogaster for the leaf compound β-cyclocitral, as well as responses to odorants mainly associated with later fruit maturation stages. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses were modulated by the odorant dose. For the leaf compound we observed a steep dose-response curve in both EAG and behavioral data and shallower curves for odorants associated with later stages of maturation. Our data show the connection between sensory and behavioral responses and are consistent with the specialization of D. melanogaster on fermented fruit and avoidance of high doses of compounds associated with earlier stages of maturation. Odor preferences were modulated in a non-additive way when flies were presented with two alternative odorants, and combinations of odorants elicited higher responses than single compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Eriksson
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy
| | | | - Irene Castellan
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Paola Sgadò
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Albrecht Haase
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento, Italy
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70
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Holighaus G, Rohlfs M. Fungal allelochemicals in insect pest management. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5681-9. [PMID: 27147531 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between insects and fungi are widespread, and important mediators of these interactions are fungal chemicals that can therefore be considered as allelochemicals. Numerous studies suggest that fungal chemicals can affect insects in many different ways. Here, we apply the terminology established by insect-plant ecologists for categorizing the effect of fungal allelochemicals on insects and for evaluating the application potential of these chemicals in insect pest management. Our literature survey shows that fungal volatile and non-volatile chemicals have an enormous potential to influence insect behavior and fitness. Many of them still remain to be discovered, but some recent examples of repellents and toxins could open up new ways for developing safe insect control strategies. However, we also identified shortcomings in our understanding of the chemical ecology of insect-fungus interactions and the way they have been investigated. In particular, the mode-of-action of fungal allelochemicals has often not been appropriately designated or examined, and the way in which induction by insects affects fungal chemical diversity is poorly understood. This review should raise awareness that in-depth ecological studies of insect-fungus interactions can reveal novel allelochemicals of particular benefit for the development of innovative insect pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Holighaus
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Büsgen Institute, Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marko Rohlfs
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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71
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Verschut TA, Becher PG, Anderson P, Hambäck PA. Disentangling associational effects: both resource density and resource frequency affect search behaviour in complex environments. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Verschut
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Peter A. Hambäck
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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72
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Wallingford AK, Hesler SP, Cha DH, Loeb GM. Behavioral response of spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, to aversive odors and a potential oviposition deterrent in the field. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:701-6. [PMID: 25973596 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophilia suzukii Matsumura is an invasive pest insect that lays its eggs in the fruit of several commercially grown crops. An effective oviposition deterrent could contribute to its management. Repellant odors were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. RESULTS Geosmin and 1-octen-3-ol were found to be aversive to seven-day-old female D. suzukii at concentrations of 10(-1) and 10(-2) in laboratory choice tests. Field experiments found that fewer eggs were observed in fruit on the day of harvest and fewer adult D. suzukii were reared from fruit associated with 1-octen-3-ol odors than control fruit in cultivated red raspberry. CONCLUSION Geosmin and 1-octen-3-ol induce aversive behaviors in Drosophila suzukii and are potential oviposition deterrents for its management in fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wallingford
- Cornell University, New York Agricultural Experiment Station 630 W. North St, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Hesler
- Cornell University, New York Agricultural Experiment Station 630 W. North St, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Dong H Cha
- Cornell University, New York Agricultural Experiment Station 630 W. North St, Geneva, NY, USA
- Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA, USA
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Cornell University, New York Agricultural Experiment Station 630 W. North St, Geneva, NY, USA
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73
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Gorter JA, Jagadeesh S, Gahr C, Boonekamp JJ, Levine JD, Billeter JC. The nutritional and hedonic value of food modulate sexual receptivity in Drosophila melanogaster females. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19441. [PMID: 26777264 PMCID: PMC4726014 DOI: 10.1038/srep19441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and sex often go hand in hand because of the nutritional cost of reproduction. For Drosophila melanogaster females, this relationship is especially intimate because their offspring develop on food. Since yeast and sugars are important nutritional pillars for Drosophila, availability of these foods should inform female reproductive behaviours. Yet mechanisms coupling food and sex are poorly understood. Here we show that yeast increases female sexual receptivity through interaction between its protein content and its odorous fermentation product acetic acid, sensed by the Ionotropic odorant receptor neuron Ir75a. A similar interaction between nutritional and hedonic value applies to sugars where taste and caloric value only increase sexual receptivity when combined. Integration of nutritional and sensory values would ensure that there are sufficient internal nutrients for egg production as well as sufficient environmental nutrients for offspring survival. These findings provide mechanisms through which females may maximize reproductive output in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenke A Gorter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, PO Box 11103, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Samyukta Jagadeesh
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, PO Box 11103, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Christoph Gahr
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, PO Box 11103, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Boonekamp
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, PO Box 11103, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Joel D Levine
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, PO Box 11103, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
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74
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Dekker T, Revadi S, Mansourian S, Ramasamy S, Lebreton S, Becher PG, Angeli S, Rota-Stabelli O, Anfora G. Loss of Drosophila pheromone reverses its role in sexual communication in Drosophila suzukii. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20143018. [PMID: 25716789 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila pheromone cis-11-octadecenyl acetate (cVA) is used as pheromone throughout the melanogaster group and fulfils a primary role in sexual and social behaviours. Here, we found that Drosophila suzukii, an invasive pest that oviposits in undamaged ripe fruit, does not produce cVA. In fact, its production site, the ejaculatory bulb, is atrophied. Despite loss of cVA production, its receptor, Or67d, and cognate sensillum, T1, which are essential in cVA-mediated behaviours, were fully functional. However, T1 expression was dramatically reduced in D. suzukii, and the corresponding antennal lobe glomerulus, DA1, minute. Behavioural responses to cVA depend on the input balance of Or67d neurons (driving cVA-mediated behaviours) and Or65a neurons (inhibiting cVA-mediated behaviours). Accordingly, the shifted input balance in D. suzukii has reversed cVA's role in sexual behaviour: perfuming D. suzukii males with Drosophila melanogaster equivalents of cVA strongly reduced mating rates. cVA has thus evolved from a generic sex pheromone to a heterospecific signal that disrupts mating in D. suzukii, a saltational shift, mediated through offsetting the input balance that is highly conserved in congeneric species. This study underlines that dramatic changes in a species' sensory preference can result from rather 'simple' numerical shifts in underlying neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Dekker
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Santosh Revadi
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden FEM, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Chemical Ecology Group, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Suzan Mansourian
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sukanya Ramasamy
- FEM, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Chemical Ecology Group, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Sebastien Lebreton
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Paul G Becher
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Omar Rota-Stabelli
- FEM, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Chemical Ecology Group, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- FEM, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, Chemical Ecology Group, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38010, Italy
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75
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Andreadis SS, Witzgall P, Becher PG. Survey of arthropod assemblages responding to live yeasts in an organic apple orchard. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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76
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The chemical ecology of the fly. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2015; 34:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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77
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Feeding regulates sex pheromone attraction and courtship in Drosophila females. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13132. [PMID: 26255707 PMCID: PMC4530334 DOI: 10.1038/srep13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, gender-specific behavioural responses to the male-produced sex pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) rely on sexually dimorphic, third-order neural circuits. We show that nutritional state in female flies modulates cVA perception in first-order olfactory neurons. Starvation increases, and feeding reduces attraction to food odour, in both sexes. Adding cVA to food odour, however, maintains attraction in fed females, while it has no effect in males. Upregulation of sensitivity and behavioural responsiveness to cVA in fed females is paralleled by a strong increase in receptivity to male courtship. Functional imaging of the antennal lobe (AL), the olfactory centre in the insect brain, shows that olfactory input to DA1 and VM2 glomeruli is also modulated by starvation. Knocking down insulin receptors in neurons converging onto the DA1 glomerulus suggests that insulin-signalling partly controls pheromone perception in the AL, and adjusts cVA attraction according to nutritional state and sexual receptivity in Drosophila females.
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78
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Borrero-Echeverry F, Becher PG, Birgersson GÃ, Bengtsson M, Witzgall P, Saveer AM. Flight attraction of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) to cotton headspace and synthetic volatile blends. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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79
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Bertol N, Paniw M, Ojeda F. Effective prey attraction in the rare Drosophyllum lusitanicum, a flypaper-trap carnivorous plant. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:689-94. [PMID: 26022483 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Carnivorous plants have unusually modified leaves to trap insects as an adaptation to low-nutrient environments. Disparate mechanisms have been suggested as luring traits to attract prey insects into their deadly leaves, ranging from very elaborate to none at all. Drosophyllum lusitanicum is a rare carnivorous plant with a common flypaper-trap mechanism. Here we tested whether Drosophyllum plants lure prey insects into their leaves or they act just as passive traps. METHODS We compared prey capture between live, potted plants and Drosophyllum-shaped artificial mimics coated with odorless glue. Since this species is insect-pollinated, we also explored the possible existence of a pollinator-prey conflict by quantifying the similarity between the pollination and prey guilds in a natural population. All experiments were done in southern Spain. KEY RESULTS The sticky leaves of Drosophyllum captured significantly more prey than mimics, particularly small dipterans. Prey attraction, likely exerted by scent or visual cues, seems to be unrelated to pollinator attraction by flowers, as inferred from the low similarity between pollinator and prey insect faunas found in this species. CONCLUSIONS Our results illustrate the effectiveness of this carnivorous species at attracting insects to their flypaper-trap leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bertol
- Departamento de Biología-ceiA3, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Paniw
- Departamento de Biología-ceiA3, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fernando Ojeda
- Departamento de Biología-ceiA3, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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80
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Carrasco D, Larsson MC, Anderson P. Insect host plant selection in complex environments. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 8:1-7. [PMID: 32846657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selection of suitable host plants is essential for the development and survival of herbivorous insects. Here we address behavioural mechanisms and the role of olfactory cues governing host choice, and their adaptive significance in complicated ecological contexts, with a focus on polyphagous insects. We also consider how recent developments in the study of olfactory systems of insects can provide a functional description of physiological mechanisms behind host plant choice. This may apply from the broader evolutionary history and local adaptations of olfactory receptor genes, to the underlying neural mechanisms behind innate host preferences and experience-based plasticity in host plant choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carrasco
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mattias C Larsson
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter Anderson
- Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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81
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Functional loss of yeast detectors parallels transition to herbivory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2927-8. [PMID: 25717056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501319112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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82
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Bruce TJA. Interplay between insects and plants: dynamic and complex interactions that have coevolved over millions of years but act in milliseconds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:455-65. [PMID: 25271259 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In an environment with changing availability and quality of host plants, phytophagous insects are under selection pressure to find quality hosts. They need to maximize their fitness by locating suitable plants and avoiding unsuitable ones. Thus, they have evolved a finely tuned sensory system, for detection of host cues, and a nervous system, capable of integrating inputs from sensory neurons with a high level of spatio-temporal resolution. Insect responses to cues are not fixed but depend on the context in which they are perceived, the physiological state of the insect, and prior learning experiences. However, there are examples of insects making 'mistakes' and being attracted to poor quality hosts. While insects have evolved ways of finding hosts, plants have been under selection pressure to do precisely the opposite and evade detection or defend themselves when attacked. Once on the plant, insect-associated molecules may trigger or suppress defence depending on whether the plant or the insect is ahead in evolutionary terms. Plant volatile emission is influenced by defence responses induced by insect feeding or oviposition which can attract natural enemies but repel herbivores. Conversely, plant reproductive fitness is increased by attraction of pollinators. Interactions can be altered by other organisms associated with the plant such as other insects, plant pathogens, or mycorrhizal fungi. Plant phenotype is plastic and can be changed by epigenetic factors in adaptation to periods of biotic stress. Space and time play crucial roles in influencing the outcome of interactions between insects and plants.
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83
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Venu I, Durisko Z, Xu J, Dukas R. Social attraction mediated by fruit flies' microbiome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:1346-52. [PMID: 24744425 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.099648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Larval and adult fruit flies are attracted to volatiles emanating from food substrates that have been occupied by larvae. We tested whether such volatiles are emitted by the larval gut bacteria by conducting tests under bacteria-free (axenic) conditions. We also tested attraction to two bacteria species, Lactobacillus brevis, which we cultured from larvae in our lab, and L. plantarum, a common constituent of fruit flies' microbiome in other laboratory populations and in wild fruit flies. Neither larvae nor adults showed attraction to axenic food that had been occupied by axenic larvae, but both showed the previously reported attraction to standard food that had been occupied by larvae with an intact microbiome. Larvae also showed significant attraction to volatiles from axenic food and larvae to which we added only either L. brevis or L. plantarum, and volatiles from L. brevis reared on its optimal growth medium. Controlled learning experiments indicated that larvae experienced with both standard and axenic used food do not perceive either as superior, while focal larvae experienced with simulated used food, which contains burrows, perceive it as superior to unused food. Our results suggest that flies rely on microbiome-derived volatiles for long-distance attraction to suitable food patches. Under natural settings, fruits often contain harmful fungi and bacteria, and both L. brevis and L. plantarum produce compounds that suppress the growth of some antagonistic fungi and bacteria. The larval microbiome volatiles may therefore lead prospective fruit flies towards substrates with a hospitable microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isvarya Venu
- Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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84
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Effective trapping of fruit flies with cultures of metabolically modified acetic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2265-73. [PMID: 25595769 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03678-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetoin in vinegar is an attractant to fruit flies when combined with acetic acid. To make vinegar more effective in attracting fruit flies with increased acetoin production, Komagataeibacter europaeus KGMA0119 was modified by specific gene disruption of the acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase gene (ilvC). A previously constructed mutant lacking the putative ligand-sensing region in the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (KeLrp, encoded by Kelrp) was also used. The ilvC and Kelrp disruptants (KGMA5511 and KGMA7203, respectively) produced greater amounts of acetoin (KGMA5511, 0.11%; KGMA7203, 0.13%) than the wild-type strain KGMA0119 (0.069%). KGMA7203 produced a trace amount of isobutyric acid (0.007%), but the other strains did not. These strains produced approximately equal amounts of acetic acid (0.7%). The efficiency of fruit fly attraction was investigated with cultured Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster flies (approximately 1,500) were released inside a cage (2.5 m by 2.5 m by 1.5 m) and were trapped with a device containing vinegar and a sticky sheet. The flies trapped on the sticky sheet were counted. The cell-free supernatant from KGMA7203 culture captured significantly more flies (19.36 to 36.96% of released flies) than did KGMA0119 (3.25 to 11.40%) and KGMA5511 (6.87 to 21.50%) cultures. Contrastingly, a 0.7% acetic acid solution containing acetoin (0.13%) and isobutyric acid (0.007%), which mimicked the KGMA7203 supernatant, captured significantly fewer flies (0.88 to 4.57%). Furthermore, the KGMA0119 supernatant with additional acetoin (0.13%) and isobutyric acid (0.007%) captured slightly more flies than the original KGMA0119 supernatant but fewer than the KGMA7203 supernatant, suggesting that the synergistic effects of acetic acid, acetoin, isobutyric acid, and unidentified metabolites achieved the efficient fly trapping of the KGMA7203 supernatant.
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85
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Lebreton S, Witzgall P, Olsson M, Becher PG. Dietary glucose regulates yeast consumption in adult Drosophila males. Front Physiol 2014; 5:504. [PMID: 25566097 PMCID: PMC4273620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adjustment of feeding behavior in response to hunger and satiety contributes to homeostatic regulation in animals. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster feeds on yeasts growing on overripe fruit, providing nutrients required for adult survival, reproduction and larval growth. Here, we present data on how the nutritional value of food affects subsequent yeast consumption in Drosophila adult males. After a period of starvation, flies showed intensive yeast consumption. In comparison, flies stopped feeding after having access to a nutritive cornmeal diet. Interestingly, dietary glucose was equally efficient as the complex cornmeal diet. In contrast, flies fed with sucralose, a non-metabolizable sweetener, behaved as if they were starved. The adipokinetic hormone and insulin-like peptides regulate metabolic processes in insects. We did not find any effect of the adipokinetic hormone pathway on this modulation. Instead, the insulin pathway was involved in these changes. Flies lacking the insulin receptor (InR) did not respond to nutrient deprivation by increasing yeast consumption. Together these results show the importance of insulin in the regulation of yeast consumption in response to starvation in adult D. melanogaster males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lebreton
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Marie Olsson
- Unit of Plant Product Quality, Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Paul G Becher
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp, Sweden
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86
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Lebreton S, Grabe V, Omondi AB, Ignell R, Becher PG, Hansson BS, Sachse S, Witzgall P. Love makes smell blind: mating suppresses pheromone attraction in Drosophila females via Or65a olfactory neurons. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7119. [PMID: 25406576 PMCID: PMC4236738 DOI: 10.1038/srep07119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, the male sex pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) elicits aggregation and courtship, through the odorant receptor Or67d. Long-lasting exposure to cVA suppresses male courtship, via a second channel, Or65a. In females, the role of Or65a has not been studied. We show that, shortly after mating, Drosophila females are no longer attracted to cVA and that activation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing Or65a generates this behavioral switch: when silencing Or65a, mated females remain responsive to cVA. Neurons expressing Or67d converge into the DA1 glomerulus in the antennal lobe, where they synapse onto projection neurons (PNs), that connect to higher neural circuits generating the attraction response to cVA. Functional imaging of these PNs shows that the DA1 glomerulus is inhibited by simultaneous activation of Or65a OSNs, which leads to a suppression of the attraction response to cVA. The behavioral role of postmating cVA exposure is substantiated by the observation that matings with starved males, which produce less cVA, do not alter the female response. Moreover, exposure to synthetic cVA abolishes attraction and decreases sexual receptivity in unmated females. Taken together, Or65a mediates an aversive effect of cVA and may accordingly regulate remating, through concurrent behavioral modulation in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lebreton
- 1] Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Chemical Ecology Unit, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden [2] Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Aman B Omondi
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Chemical Ecology Unit, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Chemical Ecology Unit, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Paul G Becher
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Chemical Ecology Unit, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Sachse
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Chemical Ecology Unit, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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87
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The fungal aroma gene ATF1 promotes dispersal of yeast cells through insect vectors. Cell Rep 2014; 9:425-32. [PMID: 25310977 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells produce various volatile metabolites that are key contributors to the pleasing fruity and flowery aroma of fermented beverages. Several of these fruity metabolites, including isoamyl acetate and ethyl acetate, are produced by a dedicated enzyme, the alcohol acetyl transferase Atf1. However, despite much research, the physiological role of acetate ester formation in yeast remains unknown. Using a combination of molecular biology, neurobiology, and behavioral tests, we demonstrate that deletion of ATF1 alters the olfactory response in the antennal lobe of fruit flies that feed on yeast cells. The flies are much less attracted to the mutant yeast cells, and this in turn results in reduced dispersal of the mutant yeast cells by the flies. Together, our results uncover the molecular details of an intriguing aroma-based communication and mutualism between microbes and their insect vectors. Similar mechanisms may exist in other microbes, including microbes on flowering plants and pathogens.
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88
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Thoma M, Hansson BS, Knaden M. Compound valence is conserved in binary odor mixtures in Drosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3645-55. [PMID: 25189369 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most naturally occurring olfactory signals do not consist of monomolecular odorants but, rather, are mixtures whose composition and concentration ratios vary. While there is ample evidence for the relevance of complex odor blends in ecological interactions and for interactions of chemicals in both peripheral and central neuronal processing, a fine-scale analysis of rules governing the innate behavioral responses of Drosophila melanogaster towards odor mixtures is lacking. In this study we examine whether the innate valence of odors is conserved in binary odor mixtures. We show that binary mixtures of attractants are more attractive than individual mixture constituents. In contrast, mixing attractants with repellents elicits responses that are lower than the responses towards the corresponding attractants. This decrease in attraction is repellent-specific, independent of the identity of the attractant and more stereotyped across individuals than responses towards the repellent alone. Mixtures of repellents are either less attractive than the individual mixture constituents or these mixtures represent an intermediate. Within the limits of our data set, most mixture responses are quantitatively predictable on the basis of constituent responses. In summary, the valence of binary odor mixtures is predictable on the basis of valences of mixture constituents. Our findings will further our understanding of innate behavior towards ecologically relevant odor blends and will serve as a powerful tool for deciphering the olfactory valence code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thoma
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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89
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Xiao Z, Lu JR. Generation of acetoin and its derivatives in foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6487-97. [PMID: 25000216 DOI: 10.1021/jf5013902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetoin is a common food flavor additive. This volatile compound widely exists in nature. Some microorganisms, higher plants, insects, and higher animals have the ability to synthesize acetoin using different enzymes and pathways under certain circumstances. As a very active molecule, acetoin acts as a precursor of dozens of compounds. Therefore, acetoin and its derivatives are frequently detected in the component analysis of a variety of foods using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Because of the increasing importance of these compounds, this paper reviews the origins and natural existence of these substances, physiological roles, the biological synthesis pathways, nonenzymatic spontaneous reactions, and the common determination methods in foods. This work is the first review on dietary natural acetoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Xiao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
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90
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Simonnet MM, Berthelot-Grosjean M, Grosjean Y. Testing Drosophila olfaction with a Y-maze assay. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24961243 DOI: 10.3791/51241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting signals from the environment is essential for animals to ensure their survival. To this aim, they use environmental cues such as vision, mechanoreception, hearing, and chemoperception through taste, via direct contact or through olfaction, which represents the response to a volatile molecule acting at longer range. Volatile chemical molecules are very important signals for most animals in the detection of danger, a source of food, or to communicate between individuals. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most common biological models for scientists to explore the cellular and molecular basis of olfaction. In order to highlight olfactory abilities of this small insect, we describe a modified choice protocol based on the Y-maze test classically used with mice. Data obtained with Y-mazes give valuable information to better understand how animals deal with their perpetually changing environment. We introduce a step-by-step protocol to study the impact of odorants on fly exploratory response using this Y-maze assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane M Simonnet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-6265 CNRS; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-1324 INRA; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne
| | - Martine Berthelot-Grosjean
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-6265 CNRS; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-1324 INRA; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne
| | - Yael Grosjean
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-6265 CNRS; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-1324 INRA; Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne;
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91
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Kreuzwieser J, Scheerer U, Kruse J, Burzlaff T, Honsel A, Alfarraj S, Georgiev P, Schnitzler JP, Ghirardo A, Kreuzer I, Hedrich R, Rennenberg H. The Venus flytrap attracts insects by the release of volatile organic compounds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:755-66. [PMID: 24420576 PMCID: PMC3904726 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Does Dionaea muscipula, the Venus flytrap, use a particular mechanism to attract animal prey? This question was raised by Charles Darwin 140 years ago, but it remains unanswered. This study tested the hypothesis that Dionaea releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to allure prey insects. For this purpose, olfactory choice bioassays were performed to elucidate if Dionaea attracts Drosophila melanogaster. The VOCs emitted by the plant were further analysed by GC-MS and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The bioassays documented that Drosophila was strongly attracted by the carnivorous plant. Over 60 VOCs, including terpenes, benzenoids, and aliphatics, were emitted by Dionaea, predominantly in the light. This work further tested whether attraction of animal prey is affected by the nutritional status of the plant. For this purpose, Dionaea plants were fed with insect biomass to improve plant N status. However, although such feeding altered the VOC emission pattern by reducing terpene release, the attraction of Drosophila was not affected. From these results it is concluded that Dionaea attracts insects on the basis of food smell mimicry because the scent released has strong similarity to the bouquet of fruits and plant flowers. Such a volatile blend is emitted to attract insects searching for food to visit the deadly capture organ of the Venus flytrap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Professur für Baumphysiologie, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursel Scheerer
- Professur für Baumphysiologie, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kruse
- Professur für Baumphysiologie, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Burzlaff
- Professur für Forstzoologie und Entomologie, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacher Strasse 4, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Honsel
- Professur für Baumphysiologie, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Plamen Georgiev
- Fly Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ines Kreuzer
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik I, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik I, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Professur für Baumphysiologie, Institut für Forstwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee Geb. 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Wang SP, Guo WY, Muhammad SA, Chen RR, Mu LL, Li GQ. Mating experience and food deprivation modulate odor preference and dispersal in Drosophila melanogaster males. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2014; 14:131. [PMID: 25368075 PMCID: PMC4222301 DOI: 10.1093/jis/14.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotting fruits offer all of the known resources required for the livelihood of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). During fruit fermentation, carbohydrates and proteins are decomposed to produce volatile alcohols and amines, respectively. It is hypothesized that D. melanogaster adults can detect these chemical cues at a distance to identify and locate the decaying fruits. In the present paper, we compared the olfactory responses and movement of male flies varying in mating status and nutritional state to methanol, ethanol, and ammonia sources using a glass Y-tube olfactometer. In general, ethanol vapor at low to moderate concentrations repelled more hungry mated males than satiated ones. In contrast, methanol showed little difference in the attractiveness to males at different nutritional states and mating status. Moreover, ammonia attracted more hungry mated males. The attractiveness increased almost linearly with ammonia concentration from lowest to highest. When ammonia and artificial diet were put together in the odor arm, the responses of male flies to mixed odor mimicked the response to ammonia. Furthermore, odorant concentration, mating status, and nutritional state affected the flies' dispersal. Mated and starved males dispersed at a higher rate than virgin and satiated ones. Thus, our results showed that starved, mated males increased dispersal and preferred ammonia that originated from protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Yan Guo
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shahid Arain Muhammad
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui-Rui Chen
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li-Li Mu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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93
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Keebaugh ES, Schlenke TA. Insights from natural host-parasite interactions: the Drosophila model. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 42:111-23. [PMID: 23764256 PMCID: PMC3808516 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses against opportunistic pathogens have been extensively studied in Drosophila, leading to a detailed map of the genetics behind innate immunity networks including the Toll, Imd, Jak-Stat, and JNK pathways. However, immune mechanisms of other organisms, such as plants, have primarily been investigated using natural pathogens. It was the use of natural pathogens in plant research that revealed the plant R-Avr system, a specialized immune response derived from antagonistic coevolution between plant immune proteins and their natural pathogens' virulence proteins. Thus, we recommend that researchers begin to use natural Drosophila pathogens to identify novel immune strategies that may have arisen through antagonistic coevolution with common natural pathogens. In this review, we address the benefits of using natural pathogens in research, describe the known natural pathogens of Drosophila, and discuss the future prospects for research on natural pathogens of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Keebaugh
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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94
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Laturney M, Billeter JC. Neurogenetics of female reproductive behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2014; 85:1-108. [PMID: 24880733 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800271-1.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We follow an adult Drosophila melanogaster female through the major reproductive decisions she makes during her lifetime, including habitat selection, precopulatory mate choice, postcopulatory physiological changes, polyandry, and egg-laying site selection. In the process, we review the molecular and neuronal mechanisms allowing females to integrate signals from both environmental and social sources to produce those behavioral outputs. We pay attention to how an understanding of D. melanogaster female reproductive behaviors contributes to a wider understanding of evolutionary processes such as pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection as well as sexual conflict. Within each section, we attempt to connect the theories that pertain to the evolution of female reproductive behaviors with the molecular and neurobiological data that support these theories. We draw attention to the fact that the evolutionary and mechanistic basis of female reproductive behaviors, even in a species as extensively studied as D. melanogaster, remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Laturney
- Behavioural Biology, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Behavioural Biology, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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95
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Ikeno H, Akamatsu T, Hasegawa Y, Ai H. Effect of Olfactory Stimulus on the Flight Course of a Honeybee, Apis mellifera, in a Wind Tunnel. INSECTS 2013; 5:92-104. [PMID: 26462581 PMCID: PMC4592630 DOI: 10.3390/insects5010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that the honeybee, Apis mellifera, uses olfactory stimulus as important information for orienting to food sources. Several studies on olfactory-induced orientation flight have been conducted in wind tunnels and in the field. From these studies, optical sensing is used as the main information with the addition of olfactory signals and the navigational course followed by these sensory information. However, it is not clear how olfactory information is reflected in the navigation of flight. In this study, we analyzed the detailed properties of flight when oriented to an odor source in a wind tunnel. We recorded flying bees with a video camera to analyze the flight area, speed, angular velocity and trajectory. After bees were trained to be attracted to a feeder, the flight trajectories with or without the olfactory stimulus located upwind of the feeder were compared. The results showed that honeybees flew back and forth in the proximity of the odor source, and the search range corresponded approximately to the odor spread area. It was also shown that the angular velocity was different inside and outside the odor spread area, and trajectories tended to be bent or curved just outside the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Ikeno
- School of Human Science and Environment, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Tadaaki Akamatsu
- School of Human Science and Environment, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho, Himeji-shi, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Yuji Hasegawa
- Honda Research Institute Japan Co. Ltd., Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0188, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ai
- Division of Biology, Department of Earth System Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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96
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97
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Ihara S, Yoshikawa K, Touhara K. Chemosensory signals and their receptors in the olfactory neural system. Neuroscience 2013; 254:45-60. [PMID: 24045101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical communication is widely used among various organisms to obtain essential information from their environment required for life. Although a large variety of molecules have been shown to act as chemical cues, the molecular and neural basis underlying the behaviors elicited by these molecules has been revealed for only a limited number of molecules. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the signaling molecules whose flow from receptor to specific behavior has been characterized. Discussing the molecules utilized by mice, insects, and the worm, we focus on how each organism has optimized its reception system to suit its living style. We also highlight how the production of these signaling molecules is regulated, an area in which considerable progress has been recently made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ihara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, JST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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98
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Evaluation of an I-box wind tunnel model for assessment of behavioral responses of blow flies. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3789-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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99
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Arguello JR, Sellanes C, Lou YR, Raguso RA. Can yeast (S. cerevisiae) metabolic volatiles provide polymorphic signaling? PLoS One 2013; 8:e70219. [PMID: 23990899 PMCID: PMC3747187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical signaling between organisms is a ubiquitous and evolutionarily dynamic process that helps to ensure mate recognition, location of nutrients, avoidance of toxins, and social cooperation. Evolutionary changes in chemical communication systems progress through natural variation within the organism generating the signal as well as the responding individuals. A promising yet poorly understood system with which to probe the importance of this variation exists between D. melanogaster and S. cerevisiae. D. melanogaster relies on yeast for nutrients, while also serving as a vector for yeast cell dispersal. Both are outstanding genetic and genomic models, with Drosophila also serving as a preeminent model for sensory neurobiology. To help develop these two genetic models as an ecological model, we have tested if - and to what extent - S. cerevisiae is capable of producing polymorphic signaling through variation in metabolic volatiles. We have carried out a chemical phenotyping experiment for 14 diverse accessions within a common garden random block design. Leveraging genomic sequences for 11 of the accessions, we ensured a genetically broad sample and tested for phylogenetic signal arising from phenotypic dataset. Our results demonstrate that significant quantitative differences for volatile blends do exist among S. cerevisiae accessions. Of particular ecological relevance, the compounds driving the blend differences (acetoin, 2-phenyl ethanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol) are known ligands for D. melanogasters chemosensory receptors, and are related to sensory behaviors. Though unable to correlate the genetic and volatile measurements, our data point clear ways forward for behavioral assays aimed at understanding the implications of this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Roman Arguello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Carolina Sellanes
- Laboratiro de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Repúlica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yann Ru Lou
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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100
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Abstract
Drosophila avoid food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria and fungi using an olfactory pathway that is exquisitely tuned to a single microbial odour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia L Prieto-Godino
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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