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Early Life Sleep Deprivation: Role of Oxido-Inflammatory Processes. Neuroscience 2019; 406:22-37. [PMID: 30826520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The adverse consequences of early-life sleep deprivation on mental health are well recognized, yet many aspects remain unknown, therefore, animal studies can offer useful insights. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day (PND) 19 were subjected to sleep deprivation (SD) for 14 days (6-8 hours/day). Control (CON) rats were gently handled. Behavior tests were done on PND33, PND60 and PND90. SD rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior at PND33 and PND60, when compared to CON rats. Depression-like behavior was observed at PND90. Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers revealed interesting results. Plasma 8-isoprostane and antioxidant defense enzymes; hemeoxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), were upregulated in SD rats at PND33 but not at PND90. PFC interleukin-6 protein expression was elevated at PND33 and PND90. PFC mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and p-38 protein expression were upregulated at PND90. PFC expression of glutamate receptor subunits, post synaptic density protein (PSD-95), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), were significantly reduced in SD rats at PND33 and PND90. PFC brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were reduced in SD rats at PND90. Our postulation is that SD by increasing PFC oxido-inflammation, negatively affects glutamate receptor subunits and PSD95 expression, which disrupts synapse formation and maturation, potentially causing anxiety-like behavior at PND33. Oxido-inflammation further results in MKP-1 and CaMKII-mediated blockade of ERK1/2 activation, which inhibits CREB dependent BDNF expression. This most likely disrupts neuronal circuit development, leading to depression-like behavior at PND90.
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Youssef DA, El-Fayoumi HM, Mahmoud MF. Beta-caryophyllene alleviates diet-induced neurobehavioral changes in rats: The role of CB2 and PPAR-γ receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hare BD, Shinohara R, Liu RJ, Pothula S, DiLeone RJ, Duman RS. Optogenetic stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex Drd1 neurons produces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects. Nat Commun 2019; 10:223. [PMID: 30644390 PMCID: PMC6333924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contributes to depression, and the therapeutic response produced by novel rapid-acting antidepressants such as ketamine are mediated by mPFC activity. The mPFC contains multiple types of pyramidal cells, but it is unclear whether a particular subtype mediates the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine. Here we tested two major subtypes, Drd1 and Drd2 dopamine receptor expressing pyramidal neurons and found that activating Drd1 expressing pyramidal cells in the mPFC produces rapid and long-lasting antidepressant and anxiolytic responses. In contrast, photostimulation of Drd2 expressing pyramidal cells was ineffective across anxiety-like and depression-like measures. Disruption of Drd1 activity also blocked the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. Finally, we demonstrate that stimulation of mPFC Drd1 terminals in the BLA recapitulates the antidepressant effects of somatic stimulation. These findings aid in understanding the cellular target neurons in the mPFC and the downstream circuitry involved in rapid antidepressant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Hare
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ryota Shinohara
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Rong Jian Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Santosh Pothula
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ralph J DiLeone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Dependent Neurotoxic Kynurenine Metabolism Contributes to Poststroke Depression Induced in Mice by Ischemic Stroke along with Spatial Restraint Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2413841. [PMID: 30693061 PMCID: PMC6332926 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2413841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim Poststroke depression (PSD), which occurs in approximately one-third of stroke survivors, is clinically important because of its association with slow functional recovery and increased mortality. In addition, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Methods We used a mouse model of PSD to examine the neurobiological mechanisms of PSD and the beneficial effects of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic drug. PSD was induced in mice by combining middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with spatial restraint stress. The body weight, sucrose preference, and forced swim tests were performed at 5, 7, and 9 weeks and the Morris water maze test at 10 weeks after completing MCAO and spatial restraint stress. Results Mice subjected to MCAO and spatial restraint stress showed significant depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference test and forced swim test as well as cognitive impairment in the Morris water maze test. The PSD-like phenotype was accompanied by an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression increase in the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, but not in the striatum. Furthermore, the increased IDO1 levels were localized in Iba-1(+) cells but not in NeuN(+) or GFAP(+) cells, indicating that microglia-induced IDO1 expression was prominent in the PSD mouse brain. Moreover, 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (HAAO), quinolinic acid (QUIN), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of PSD mice. Importantly, a 2-week aripiprazole (1 mg/kg, per os) regimen, which was initiated 1 day after MCAO, ameliorated depressive-like behavior and impairment of cognitive functions in PSD mice that was accompanied by downregulation of IDO1, HAAO, QUIN, and ROS. Conclusions Our results suggest that the IDO1-dependent neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism induced by microglia functions in PSD pathogenesis. The beneficial effect of aripiprazole on depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment may be mediated by inhibition of IDO1, HAAO, QUIN, and ROS.
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Famitafreshi H, Karimian M. Assessment of Improvement in Oxidative Stress Indices with Resocialization in Memory Retrieval in Y-Maze in Male Rats. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518820323. [PMID: 30627000 PMCID: PMC6311563 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518820323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Memory deficit is an important issue in some psychiatric diseases either as a primary symptom or as a comorbid symptom. Factors that determine the decline or improvement of memory are an important subject to reduce the severity of these diseases. Methods and materials: In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: social (control), isolation, resocialization for 3 days, and resocialization for 7 days. Isolation occurred for 14 days. Resocialization groups were resocialized for 3 or 7 days after isolation. In the social group, there was no intervention with normal socializing among the rats. In the isolation group, rats were isolated with no resocialization. In all 4 groups, after performing the Y-maze, the rats’ brains were removed to assess oxidative stress status in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Results: Y-maze performance improved after 3 and 7 days of resocialization. However, oxidative stress status for malondialdehyde, glutathione and nitrite/nitrate returned to normal levels except in 2 experiments after 7 days of resocialization. In addition, in 2 experiments, just glutathione in the prefrontal cortex and nitrite/nitrate in the hippocampus after 3 days of resocialization improved. Conclusions: A return to normal levels in all types of antioxidant markers in the resocialization groups is not the only factor for improving memory deficits resulting from isolation. Resocialization may also be activating other regulatory mechanisms besides an antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stanisavljević A, Perić I, Gass P, Inta D, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Brain Sub/Region-Specific Effects of Olanzapine on c-Fos Expression of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 396:46-65. [PMID: 30458222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (Olz) is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, which can be caused by chronic psychosocial stress. c-Fos protein expression has been used as an indirect marker of neuronal activity in response to various forms of stress or pharmacological treatments. We examined the effects of a 3-week treatment of Olz (7.5 mg/kg/day) on c-Fos protein expression in stress-relevant brain sub/regions, its relationship with isolation-induced behavioral changes, and potential sites of Olz action on control and male rats exposed to 6 weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), an animal model of depression. Olz treatment reversed depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CSIS and suppressed a CSIS-induced increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in subregions of the dorsal hippocampus, ventral (v) DG, retrosplenial cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. In contrast, no change in c-Fos expression was seen in the CA3v, amygdala and thalamic, hypothalamic or striatal subregions in Olz-treated CSIS rats, suggesting different brain sub/regions' susceptibility to Olz. An increased number of c-Fos-positive cells in the CA1v, amygdala and thalamic, hypothalamic and striatal subregions in controls as well as in the CA1v and subregion of the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens in Olz-treated CSIS rats was found. Results suggest the activation of brain sub/regions following CSIS that may be involved in depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Olz treatment showed region-specific effects on neuronal activation. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the CSIS response and potential brain targets of Olz in socially isolated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Stanisavljević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Perić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Todorović N, Mićić B, Schwirtlich M, Stevanović M, Filipović D. Subregion-specific Protective Effects of Fluoxetine and Clozapine on Parvalbumin Expression in Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Chronically Isolated Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 396:24-35. [PMID: 30448452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of GABAergic system is becoming increasingly associated with depression, psychiatric disorder that imposes severe clinical, social and economic burden. Special attention is paid to the fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, GABAergic neurons which are highly susceptible to redox dysregulation and oxidative stress and implicated in a variety of psychiatric diseases. Here we analyzed the number of PV+ and cleaved caspase-3-positive (CC3+) cells in the rat medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) subregions following chronic social isolation (CSIS), an animal model of depression and schizophrenia. Also, we examined potential protective effects of antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) and atypical antipsychotic clozapine (CLZ) on the number of these cells in mPFC subregions, when applied parallel with CSIS in doses that correspond to therapeutically effective ones in patients. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed decreased number of PV+ cells in cingulate cortex area 1, prelimbic area (PrL), infralimbic area (IL) and dorsal peduncular cortex of the mPFC in isolated rats, which coincided with depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, CSIS-induced increase in the number of CC3+ cells was detected in aforementioned subregions of mPFC. Treatments with either FLX or CLZ prevented behavioral changes, decrease in PV+ and increase in CC3+ cell numbers in PrL and IL subregions in isolated rats. These results indicate the importance of intact GABAergic signaling in these areas for resistance against CSIS-induced behavioral changes, as well as subregion-specific protective effects of FLX and CLZ in mPFC of CSIS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Mićić
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Stevanović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia. http://www.vinca.rs
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Alzoubi KH, Hasan ZA, Khabour OF, Mayyas FA, Al Yacoub ON, Banihani SA, Azab MA, Alrabadi N. The effect of high-fat diet on seizure threshold in rats: Role of oxidative stress. Physiol Behav 2018; 196:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Novaes LS, dos Santos NB, Dragunas G, Perfetto JG, Leza JC, Scavone C, Munhoz CD. Repeated Restraint Stress Decreases Na,K-ATPase Activity via Oxidative and Nitrosative Damage in the Frontal Cortex of Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 393:273-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Oh DR, Kim Y, Choi EJ, Jo A, Shin J, Kang H, Lee SG, Kim J, Kim YR, Choi CY. Antidepressant Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum via Protection Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1-20. [PMID: 30284467 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the anti-oxidative stress activity of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. fruit extract (VBFW) to identify the mechanisms responsible for its antidepressant-like effects. To evaluate the antidepressant and anti-oxidant effects of VBFW, malondialdehyde (MDA), serotonin transporter (SERT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels were measured in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). The underlying mechanisms preventing oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis were investigated using in vitro models of hydrogen peroxide (H2O[Formula: see text]-induced neuronal damage. The results showed that VBFW treatment (200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA, SERT, and MAO-A levels in the prefrontal cortex of CRS mice. Furthermore, VBFW (30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death via inhibition of the H2O2-induced increase in Bax and decrease in Bcl-2 levels within the mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, VBFW (10 and 30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) exerted protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death through inhibition of key mitochondria-associated apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c, caspase-3 and PARP. Additionally, VBFW (10 and 30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) could improve the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (such as SOD and catalase) in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that the antidepressant and anti-oxidant effects of VBFW might be mediated by the regulation of SERT and MAO-A, and possibly associated with regulation of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dool-Ri Oh
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
- † College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jawon Shin
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Huwon Kang
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Kim
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- † College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yung Choi
- * Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo 59338, Republic of Korea
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You R, Ho YS, Hung CHL, Liu Y, Huang CX, Chan HN, Ho SL, Lui SY, Li HW, Chang RCC. Silica nanoparticles induce neurodegeneration-like changes in behavior, neuropathology, and affect synapse through MAPK activation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:28. [PMID: 29970116 PMCID: PMC6029039 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) are naturally enriched and broadly utilized in the manufacturing industry. While previous studies have demonstrated toxicity in neuronal cell lines after SiO2-NPs exposure, the role of SiO2-NPs in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of SiO2-NPs-exposure on behavior, neuropathology, and synapse in young adult mice and primary cortical neuron cultures. Results Male C57BL/6 N mice (3 months old) were exposed to either vehicle (sterile PBS) or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged SiO2-NPs (NP) using intranasal instillation. Behavioral tests were performed after 1 and 2 months of exposure. We observed decreased social activity at both time points as well as anxiety and cognitive impairment after 2 months in the NP-exposed mice. NP deposition was primarily detected in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Neurodegeneration-like pathological changes, including reduced Nissl staining, increased tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, were also present in the brains of NP-exposed mice. Furthermore, we observed NP-induced impairment in exocytosis along with decreased synapsin I and increased synaptophysin expression in the synaptosome fractions isolated from the frontal cortex as well as primary neuronal cultures. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were also activated in the frontal cortex of NP-exposed mice. Moreover, inhibition of ERK activation prevented NP-mediated changes in exocytosis in cultured neurons, highlighting a key role in the changes induced by NP exposure. Conclusions Intranasal instillation of SiO2-NPs results in mood dysfunction and cognitive impairment in young adult mice and causes neurodegeneration-like pathology and synaptic changes via ERK activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0263-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran You
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Present address: Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Clara Hiu-Ling Hung
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chun-Xia Huang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - See-Lok Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sheung-Yeung Lui
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Rm. L4-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Perić I, Costina V, Stanisavljević A, Findeisen P, Filipović D. Proteomic characterization of hippocampus of chronically socially isolated rats treated with fluoxetine: Depression-like behaviour and fluoxetine mechanism of action. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:268-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Social and demographic changes have led to an increased prevalence of loneliness and social isolation in modern society. Recent Advances: Population-based studies have demonstrated that both objective social isolation and the perception of social isolation (loneliness) are correlated with a higher risk of mortality and that both are clearly risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lonely individuals have increased peripheral vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure. Socially isolated animals develop more atherosclerosis than those housed in groups. CRITICAL ISSUES Molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk are poorly understood. In recent reports, loneliness and social stress were associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Repeated and chronic social stress leads to glucocorticoid resistance, enhanced myelopoiesis, upregulated proinflammatory gene expression, and oxidative stress. However, the causal role of these mechanisms in the development of loneliness-associated CVD remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of how CVD is induced by loneliness and social isolation requires additional studies. Understanding of the pathomechanisms is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent the detrimental effects of social stress on health. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 837-851.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz, Germany .,2 Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz, Germany .,3 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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Corticosterone impairs gap junctions in the prefrontal cortical and hippocampal astrocytes via different mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2018; 131:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chronic Treatment with Fluoxetine or Clozapine of Socially Isolated Rats Prevents Subsector-Specific Reduction of Parvalbumin Immunoreactive Cells in the Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2018; 371:384-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fluoxetine reverses behavior changes in socially isolated rats: role of the hippocampal GSH-dependent defense system and proinflammatory cytokines. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:737-749. [PMID: 28474231 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of an organism to chronic social isolation (CSIS) has been shown to have an important role in depression. Fluoxetine (Flx) is a first-line treatment for depression; however, its downstream mechanisms of action beyond serotonergic signaling remain ill-defined. We investigated the effect of 3 weeks of Flx (15 mg/kg/day) treatment on behavioral changes and protein expression/activity of the GSH-dependent defense system, including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GLR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as catalase (CAT), in the hippocampus of rats exposed to 6 weeks of CSIS. The subcellular distributions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as, cytosolic IL-1β and IL-6 protein expression, were also determined. CSIS induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, evidenced by a decrease in sucrose preference and an increase in the number of buried marbles. Moreover, CSIS compromised redox homeostasis, targeting enzymes such as GPx, CAT, GST, and caused NF-κB nuclear translocation with a concomitant increase in IL-6 protein expression, without an effect on IL-1β. Flx treatment reversed CSIS-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, modulated GSH-dependent defense by increasing GLR and GST activity, and suppressed NF-κB activation and cytosolic IL-6 protein expression in socially isolated rats. The present study suggests that changes in the GSH-dependent defense system, NF-κB activation and increased IL-6 protein expression may have a role in social isolation-induced changes in a rat model of depression and anxiety, and contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activity of Flx in socially isolated rats.
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Todorović N, Filipović D. The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of fluoxetine and clozapine in chronically isolated rats involve inhibition of hippocampal TNF-α. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Wang B, Jin X, Kuang X, Tian S. Chronic administration of parecoxib exerts anxiolytic-like and memory enhancing effects and modulates synaptophysin expression in mice. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:152. [PMID: 29132299 PMCID: PMC5684753 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2, a key enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is involved in anxiety and cognitive processes, but few studies have investigated the effects of chronic administration of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on anxiety, learning and memory under normal physiological conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of parecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on anxiety behavior and memory performance under normal physiological conditions and to explore the possible neural mechanism underlying parecoxib-mediated effects. METHODS Adult male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group and three parecoxib groups. Mice received normal saline or parecoxib (2.5, 5.0 or 10 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection once a day for 21 days, respectively. Elevated plus-maze, novel object recognition and Y maze tests were conducted on day 23, 24 and 26, respectively. Four additional groups that received same drug treatment were used to measure synaptophysin protein levels by western blot and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels by ELISA in the amygdala and hippocampus on day 26. RESULTS Chronic parecoxib exerted an anxiolytic-like effect in the plus-maze test test, and enhanced memory performance in the novel object recognition and Y maze tests. Western blot analysis showed that chronic parecoxib down-regulated synaptophysin levels in the amygdala and up-regulated synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus. ELISA assay showed that chronic parecoxib inhibited PGE2 in the hippocampus but not amygdala. CONCLUSIONS Chronic parecoxib exerts anxiolytic-like and memory enhancing effects, which might be mediated through differential modulation of synaptophysin and PGE2 in the amygdala and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaowen Tian
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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69
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Role of beta-catenin and endocannabinoids in the nucleus accumbens in extinction in rats exposed to shock and reminders. Neuroscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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70
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Zaletel I, Filipović D, Puškaš N. Hippocampal BDNF in physiological conditions and social isolation. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:675-692. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExposure of an organism to chronic psychosocial stress may affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression that has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, such as depression. Given that depression in humans has been linked with social stress, the chronic social stress paradigms for modeling psychiatric disorders in animals have thus been developed. Chronic social isolation in animal models generally causes changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Also, this chronic stress causes downregulation of BDNF protein and mRNA in the hippocampus, a stress-sensitive brain region closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the structure, function, intracellular signaling, inter-individual differences and epigenetic regulation of BDNF in both physiological conditions and depression and changes in corticosterone levels, as a marker of stress response. Since BDNF levels are age dependent in humans and rodents, this review will also highlight the effects of adolescent and adult chronic social isolation models of both genders on the BDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zaletel
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Ð. Kostić”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Ð. Kostić”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Stanisavljevic A, Peric I, Pantelic M, Filipovic DM. Olanzapine alleviates oxidative stress in the liver of socially isolated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:634-640. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug, is used to treat depressive disorder, but its effects on the liver, the main site of drug metabolism, still remain elusive. We studied the effects of 3 weeks of olanzapine treatment (7.5 mg/kg per day) on the malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) contents, protein expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), and activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as catalase (CAT) protein expression and activity levels in the liver cytosol of rats exposed to 6 weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), which causes depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Increased cytosolic MDA in CSIS rats (vehicle- or olanzapine-treated) indicated hepatic oxidative stress. Increase in PCO and CAT activity associated with unchanged total SOD activity following CSIS also confirm the presence of oxidative stress. Chronic olanzapine treatment in CSIS prevented increase in PCO without an effect on MDA content. Increased SOD activity in olanzapine-treated (controls and CSIS) groups compared with corresponding vehicle-treated groups and decreased CAT activity in olanzapine-treated CSIS rats compared with vehicle-treated CSIS group was found. The data suggest that chronic olanzapine treatment has a protective effect on hepatic protein oxidation and improves antioxidant defense. The beneficial effects of olanzapine may be due to its free radical scavenging properties and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Stanisavljevic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Peric
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana M. Filipovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Prefrontal cortical glutathione-dependent defense and proinflammatory mediators in chronically isolated rats: Modulation by fluoxetine or clozapine. Neuroscience 2017; 355:49-60. [PMID: 28499974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress modulates brain antioxidant systems and causes neuroinflammation that plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression. Although the antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX) represents the first-line treatment for depression and the atypical antipsychotic clozapine (CLZ) is considered as a second-line treatment for psychotic disorders, the downstream mechanisms of action of these treatments, beyond serotonergic or dopaminergic signaling, remain elusive. We examined behavioral changes, glutathione (GSH)-dependent defense and levels of proinflammatory mediators in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult male Wistar rats exposed to 21days of chronic social isolation (CSIS). We also tested the ability of FLX (15mg/kg/day) or CLZ (20mg/kg/day), applied during CSIS, to prevent stress-induced changes. CSIS caused depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, compromised GSH-dependent defense, and induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation with a concomitant increase in cytosolic levels of proinflammatory mediators cyclooxigenase-2, interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the PFC. NF-κB activation and proinflammatory response in the PFC were not found in CSIS rats treated with FLX or CLZ. In contrast, only FLX preserved GSH content in CSIS rats. CLZ not only failed to protect against CSIS-induced GSH depletion, but it diminished its levels when applied to non-stressed rats. In conclusion, prefrontal cortical GSH depletion and the proinflammatory response underlying depressive- and anxiety-like states induced by CSIS were prevented by FLX. The protective effect of CLZ, which was equally effective as FLX on the behavioral level, was limited to proinflammatory components. Hence, different mechanisms underlie the protective effects of these two drugs in CSIS rats.
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Li CF, Chen XQ, Chen SM, Chen XM, Geng D, Liu Q, Yi LT. Evaluation of the toxicological properties and anti-inflammatory mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina in LPS-induced depressive-like mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:167-173. [PMID: 28460225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (Liliaceae), a Liliaceae plant, has been widely used in food and traditional medicine. This study investigated the safety of ethanol extracts from Hemerocallis citrina (HCE) after oral treatment (p.o.) and evaluating the anti-inflammatory mechanism of HCE in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like model. First, in an 8-week experimental procedure, blood and tissue samples collected from mice were used for biochemical and histopathological analysis every two weeks. Neither the body weight nor relative organ weights were affected by HCE administration. Only the total cholesterol levels were decreased by HCE administration. Histopathological analysis showed no significant liver and kidney changes caused by HCE. In addition, in an LPS-induced mouse depressive-like model, HCE significantly reversed the reduction of sucrose preference with LPS. The results also indicated that LPS activated the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, these activations were normalized by HCE pretreatment. In summary, our study provided essential evidence for the safety of Hemerocallis citrina in both food and medicine. The results also demonstrated that HCE exhibited antidepressant-like effects that might be related to inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Xue-Qin Chen
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Shao-Mei Chen
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Di Geng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian Province, PR China
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Depressive-Like Behaviors Are Regulated by NOX1/NADPH Oxidase by Redox Modification of NMDA Receptor 1. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4200-4212. [PMID: 28314819 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2988-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested in the development of psychiatric disorders. NOX1 is a nonphagocytic form of NADPH oxidase whose expression in the nervous system is negligible compared with other NOX isoforms. However, NOX1-derived ROS increase inflammatory pain and tolerance to opioid analgesia. To clarify the role of NOX1 in the brain, we examined depressive-like behaviors in mice deficient in Nox1 (Nox1-/Y). Depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress or administration of corticosterone (CORT) were significantly ameliorated in Nox1-/Y Generation of ROS was significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice administrated with CORT, while NOX1 mRNA was upregulated only in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) among brain areas responsible for emotional behaviors. Delivery of miRNA against NOX1 to VTA restored CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors in wild-type (WT) littermates. Administration of CORT to WT, but not to Nox1-/Y, significantly reduced transcript levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), with a concomitant increase in DNA methylation of the promoter regions in bdnf Delivery of miRNA against NOX1 to VTA restored the level of BDNF mRNA in WT PFC. Redox proteome analyses demonstrated that NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) was among the molecules redox regulated by NOX1. In cultured cortical neurons, hydrogen peroxide significantly suppressed NMDA-induced upregulation of BDNF transcripts in NR1-expressing cells but not in cells harboring mutant NR1 (C744A). Together, these findings suggest a key role of NOX1 in depressive-like behaviors through NR1-mediated epigenetic modification of bdnf in the mesoprefrontal projection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT NADPH oxidase is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. We presently showed the involvement of a nonphagocytic type of NADPH oxidase, NOX1, in major depressive disorders, including behavioral, biochemical, and anatomical changes in mice. The oxidation of NR1 by NOX1-derived ROS was demonstrated in prefrontal cortex (PFC), which may be causally linked to the downregulation of BDNF, promoting depressive-like behaviors. Given that NOX1 is upregulated only in VTA but not in PFC, mesocortical projections appear to play a crucial role in NOX1-dependent depressive-like behaviors. Our study is the first to present the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development of major depression through the NOX1-induced oxidation of NR1 and epigenetic modification of bdnf.
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De Moura AC, Brito VB, Porawski M, Saffi J, Giovenardi M. Low maternal care is associated with increased oxidative stress in the brain of lactating rats. Brain Res 2017; 1655:17-22. [PMID: 27840190 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Maternal care is crucial for offspring development and licking/grooming patterns can be induced by sensorial, neuroendocrine, and metabolic variations in the CNS. Important brain functions, such as learning and memory, can be influenced by oxidative stress, which can also modulate pathophysiological processes (e.g., depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders). This study evaluated oxidative stress in the hippocampus (HP), olfactory bulb (OB), and plasma in Low-Licking (LL) and High-Licking (HL) lactating rats through superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, DNA damage (comet assay), and dihydrodichlorofluorescein (DCF) oxidation assay. Results demonstrate that in the HP of LL, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased compared to HL. In the OB, the activities of SOD and CAT were also increased in LL. The comet assay in the HP showed that LL had higher levels of basal damage and increased levels of DNA breaks than HL. In the OB, LL also had higher levels of DNA damage. In the plasma, no difference was observed in either SOD or CAT activities, but the DCF oxidation assay revealed that LL had higher levels of ROS production than HL. In conclusion, we observed that LL mothers showed evidence of increased oxidative stress when compared to HL, suggesting that variations in maternal behavior might be related to these biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina De Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Verônica Bidinotto Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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76
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Protective effect of low dose caffeine on psychological stress and cognitive function. Physiol Behav 2017; 168:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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77
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Miyamoto T, Funakami Y, Kawashita E, Nomura A, Sugimoto N, Saeki H, Tsubota M, Ichida S, Kawabata A. Repeated Cold Stress Enhances the Acute Restraint Stress-Induced Hyperthermia in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:11-16. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
- Department of Pharmacy, Seichokai Fuchu Hospital
| | | | | | - Ai Nomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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Gómez-Galán M, Femenía T, Åberg E, Graae L, Van Eeckhaut A, Smolders I, Brené S, Lindskog M. Running Opposes the Effects of Social Isolation on Synaptic Plasticity and Transmission in a Rat Model of Depression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165071. [PMID: 27764188 PMCID: PMC5072675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, such as social isolation, is a well-known risk factor for depression, most probably in combination with predisposing genetic factors. Physical exercise on the other hand, is depicted as a wonder-treatment that makes you healthier, happier and live longer. However, the published results on the effects of exercise are ambiguous, especially when it comes to neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we combine a paradigm of social isolation with a genetic rat model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), already known to have glutamatergic synaptic alterations. Compared to group-housed FSL rats, we found that social isolation further affects synaptic plasticity and increases basal synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. These functional synaptic alterations co-exist with changes in hippocampal protein expression levels: social isolation in FSL rats reduce expression of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1, and increase expression of the GluA2 AMPA-receptor subunit. We further show that physical exercise in form of voluntary running prevents the stress-induced synaptic effects but do not restore the endogenous mechanisms of depression already present in the FSL rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez-Galán
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Femenía
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Åberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisette Graae
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Stefan Brené
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Sumis A, Cook KL, Andrade FO, Hu R, Kidney E, Zhang X, Kim D, Carney E, Nguyen N, Yu W, Bouker KB, Cruz I, Clarke R, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Social isolation induces autophagy in the mouse mammary gland: link to increased mammary cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:839-56. [PMID: 27550962 PMCID: PMC5894876 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a strong predictor of early all-cause mortality and consistently increases breast cancer risk in both women and animal models. Because social isolation increases body weight, we compared its effects to those caused by a consumption of obesity-inducing diet (OID) in C57BL/6 mice. Social isolation and OID impaired insulin and glucose sensitivity. In socially isolated, OID-fed mice (I-OID), insulin resistance was linked to reduced Pparg expression and increased neuropeptide Y levels, but in group-housed OID fed mice (G-OID), it was linked to increased leptin and reduced adiponectin levels, indicating that the pathways leading to insulin resistance are different. Carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly higher in I-OID mice than in the other groups, but cancer risk was also increased in socially isolated, control diet-fed mice (I-C) and G-OID mice compared with that in controls. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling (GRP78; IRE1) was upregulated in the mammary glands of OID-fed mice, but not in control diet-fed, socially isolated I-C mice. In contrast, expression of BECLIN1, ATG7 and LC3II were increased, and p62 was downregulated by social isolation, indicating increased autophagy. In the mammary glands of socially isolated mice, but not in G-OID mice, mRNA expressions of p53 and the p53-regulated autophagy inducer Dram1 were upregulated, and nuclear p53 staining was strong. Our findings further indicated that autophagy and tumorigenesis were not increased in Atg7(+/-) mice kept in social isolation and fed OID. Thus, social isolation may increase breast cancer risk by inducing autophagy, independent of changes in body weight.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy/genetics
- Autophagy/physiology
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Diet
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Female
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/psychology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/pathology
- Risk Factors
- Social Isolation
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Sumis
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Department of SurgeryWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fabia O Andrade
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Emma Kidney
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Dominic Kim
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elissa Carney
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kerrie B Bouker
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Idalia Cruz
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Department of OncologyGeorgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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80
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Early Life Stress Increases Metabolic Risk, HPA Axis Reactivity, and Depressive-Like Behavior When Combined with Postweaning Social Isolation in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162665. [PMID: 27611197 PMCID: PMC5017766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress is associated with depression and metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Such associations could be due to increased glucocorticoid levels. Periodic maternal separation in the neonate and rearing in social isolation are potent stressors that increase hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Moreover, social isolation promotes feed intake and body weight gain in rats subjected to periodic maternal separation; however, its effects on metabolic risks have not been described. In the present study, we evaluated whether periodic maternal separation, social isolation rearing, and a combination of these two stressors (periodic maternal separation + social isolation rearing) impair glucose homeostasis and its relation to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and depressive-like behavior. Periodic maternal separation increased basal corticosterone levels, induced a passive coping strategy in the forced swimming test, and was associated with a mild (24%) increase in fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Rearing in social isolation increased stress reactivity in comparison to both controls and in combination with periodic maternal separation, without affecting the coping strategy associated with the forced swimming test. However, social isolation also increased body weight gain, fasting glucose (120%), and insulin levels in rats subjected to periodic maternal separation. Correlation analyses showed that stress-induced effects on coping strategy on the forced swimming test (but not on metabolic risk markers) are associated with basal corticosterone levels. These findings suggest that maternal separation and postweaning social isolation affect stress and metabolic vulnerability differentially and that early-life stress-related effects on metabolism are not directly dependent on glucocorticoid levels. In conclusion, our study supports the cumulative stress hypothesis, which suggests that metabolic risk markers arise when vulnerable individuals are exposed to social challenges later in life.
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81
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Pereira VH, Marques F, Lages V, Pereira FG, Patchev A, Almeida OFX, Almeida-Palha J, Sousa N, Cerqueira JJ. Glucose intolerance after chronic stress is related with downregulated PPAR-γ in adipose tissue. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:114. [PMID: 27538526 PMCID: PMC4990862 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress is associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular diseases, albeit through undefined mechanisms. With the aim of gaining insights into the latter, this study examined the metabolic profile of young adult male rats that were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. Methods Young adult male rats were submitted to 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable stress and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. An extensive analysis including of morphologic, biochemical and molecular parameters was carried out both after chronic unpredictable stress and after recovery from stress. Results After 28 days of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) the animals submitted to this protocol displayed less weight gain than control animals. After 5 weeks of recovery the weight gain rebounded to similar values of controls. In addition, following CUS, fasting insulin levels were increased and were accompanied by signs of impaired glucose tolerance and elevated serum corticosteroid levels. This biochemical profile persisted into the post-stress recovery period, despite the restoration of baseline corticosteroid levels. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and lipocalin-2 in white adipose tissue were, respectively, down- and up-regulated. Conclusions Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vânia Lages
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa G Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Joana Almeida-Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - João J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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82
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Ribeiro ML, Moreira LM, Arçari DP, Dos Santos LF, Marques AC, Pedrazzoli J, Cerutti SM. Protective effects of chronic treatment with a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba L. in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus of middle-aged rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:144-150. [PMID: 27424157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of chronic treatment with a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba L. (EGb) on short-term and long-term memory as well as on anxiety-like and locomotor activity using the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PM-DAT). Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of EGb on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) of middle-aged rats using the comet assay. Twelve-month-old male Wistar rats were administered vehicle or EGb (0.5mgkg(-1) or 1.0gkg(-1)) for 30days. Behavioural data showed that EGb treatment improved short-term memory. Neither an anti-anxiety effect nor a change in locomotor activity was observed. Twenty-four hours after the behavioural tests, the rats were decapitated, and the PFC and DH were quickly dissected out and prepared for the comet assay. The levels of DNA damage in the PFC were significantly lower in rats that were treated with 1.0gkg(-1) EGb. Both doses of EGb decreased H2O2-induced DNA breakage in cortical cells, whereas the levels of DNA damage in the EGb-treated animals were significantly lower than those in the control animals. No significant differences in the level of DNA damage in hippocampal cells were observed among the experimental groups. EGb treatment was not able to reduce H2O2-induced DNA damage in hippocampal cells. Altogether, our data provide the first demonstration that chronic EGb treatment improved the short-term memory of middle-aged rats, an effect that could be associated with a reduction in free radical production in the PFC. These data suggest that EGb treatment might increase the survival of cortical neurons and corroborate and extend the view that EGb has protective and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular-Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular-Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Demetrius P Arçari
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular-Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia França Dos Santos
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Cezar Marques
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pedrazzoli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular-Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil; Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzete M Cerutti
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
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83
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Wincewicz D, Juchniewicz A, Waszkiewicz N, Braszko JJ. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade by telmisartan prevents stress-induced impairment of memory via HPA axis deactivation and up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:108-18. [PMID: 27375198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Physical and psychological aspects of chronic stress continue to be a persistent clinical problem for which new pharmacological treatment strategies are aggressively sought. By the results of our previous work it has been demonstrated that telmisartan (TLM), an angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker (ARB) and partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), alleviates stress-induced cognitive decline. Understanding of mechanistic background of this phenomenon is hampered by both dual binding sites of TLM and limited data on the consequences of central AT1 blockade and PPARγ activation. Therefore, a critical need exists for progress in the characterization of this target for pro-cognitive drug discovery. An unusual ability of novel ARBs to exert various PPARγ binding activities is commonly being viewed as predominant over angiotensin blockade in terms of neuroprotection. Here we aimed to verify this hypothesis using an animal model of chronic psychological stress (Wistar rats restrained 2.5h daily for 21days) with simultaneous oral administration of TLM (1mg/kg), GW9662 - PPARγ receptor antagonist (0.5mg/kg), or both in combination, followed by a battery of behavioral tests (open field, elevated plus maze, inhibitory avoidance - IA, object recognition - OR), quantitative determination of serum corticosterone (CORT) and evaluation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HIP). Stressed animals displayed decreased recall of the IA behavior (p<0.001), decreased OR (p<0.001), substantial CORT increase (p<0.001) and significantly downregulated expression of BDNF in the mPFC (p<0.001), which were attenuated in rats receiving TLM and TLM+GW9662. These data indicate that procognitive effect of ARBs in stressed subjects do not result from PPAR-γ activation, but AT1 blockade and subsequent hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis deactivation associated with changes in primarily cortical gene expression. This study confirms the dual activities of TLM that controls hypertension and cognition through AT1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wincewicz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a, 15274 Bialystok, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | - A Juchniewicz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - N Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - J J Braszko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a, 15274 Bialystok, Poland
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84
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Freiman SV, Onufriev MV, Stepanichev MY, Moiseeva YV, Lazareva NA, Gulyaeva NV. The stress effects of a single injection of isotonic saline solution: systemic (blood) and central (frontal cortex and dorsal and ventral hippocampus). NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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Fletcher KL, Whitley BN, Treidel LA, Thompson D, Williams A, Noguera JC, Stevenson JR, Haussmann MF. Voluntary locomotor activity mitigates oxidative damage associated with isolation stress in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Biol Lett 2016; 11:rsbl.2015.0178. [PMID: 26179798 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal performance directly depends on an individual's ability to cope with a wide array of physiological challenges. For social animals, social isolation is a stressor that has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Another physiological challenge, routine locomotor activity, has been found to decrease oxidative stress levels. Because we currently do not have a good understanding of how diverse physiological systems like stress and locomotion interact to affect oxidative balance, we studied this interaction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Voles were either pair housed or isolated and within the isolation group, voles either had access to a moving wheel or a stationary wheel. We found that chronic periodic isolation caused increased levels of oxidative stress. However, within the vole group that was able to run voluntarily, longer durations of locomotor activity were associated with less oxidative stress. Our work suggests that individuals who demonstrate increased locomotor activity may be better able to cope with the social stressor of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Treidel
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - David Thompson
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Annie Williams
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Jose C Noguera
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Mark F Haussmann
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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86
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Zaletel I, Filipović D, Puškaš N. Chronic stress, hippocampus and parvalbumin-positive interneurons: what do we know so far? Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:397-409. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe hippocampus is a brain structure involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress response. It plays an important role in the formation of declarative, spatial and contextual memory, as well as in the processing of emotional information. As a part of the limbic system, it is a very susceptible structure towards the effects of various stressors. The molecular mechanisms of structural and functional alternations that occur in the hippocampus under chronic stress imply an increased level of circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), which is an HPA axis response to stress. Certain data show that changes induced by chronic stress may be independent from the GCs levels, opening the possibility of existence of other poorly explored mechanisms and pathways through which stressors act. The hippocampal GABAergic parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons represent an especially vulnerable population of neurons in chronic stress, which may be of key importance in the development of mood disorders. However, cellular and molecular hippocampal changes that arise as a consequence of chronic stress still represent a large and unexplored area. This review discusses the current knowledge about the PV+ interneurons of the hippocampus and the influence of chronic stress on this intriguing population of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zaletel
- 1Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Đ. Kostić”, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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87
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Amini-Khoei H, Rahimi-Balaei M, Kordjazy N, Olson CO, Rastegar M, Naserzadeh P, Marzban H, Dehpour AR, Hosseini MJ, Samiei E, Mehr SE. Attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stress in cortical area associates with antidepressant-like effects of tropisetron in male mice following social isolation stress. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:150-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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88
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Oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the brain of socially isolated adult male rats demonstrating depressive- and anxiety-like symptoms. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1-20. [PMID: 27033097 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Various stressors may disrupt the redox homeostasis of an organism by causing oxidative and nitrosative stress that may activate stressor-specific pathways and provoke specific responses. Chronic social isolation (CSIS) represents a mild chronic stress that evokes a variety of neurobehavioral changes in rats similar to those observed in people with psychiatric disorders, including depression. Most rodent studies have focused on the effect of social isolation during weaning or adolescence, while its effect in adult rats has not been extensively examined. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the involvement of oxidative/nitrosative stress pathways in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adult male rats exposed to CSIS, focusing on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity, behavior parameters, antioxidative defense systems, stress signaling mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitochondria-related proapoptotic signaling. Although increased concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) have been shown to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, we suggest a mechanism underlying the glucocorticoid paradox whereby a state of oxidative/nitrosative stress may exist under basal CORT levels. This review also highlights the differential susceptibility of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to oxidative stress following CSIS and suggests a possible cellular pathway of stress tolerance that preserves the hippocampus from molecular damage and apoptosis. The differential regulation of the transcriptional factor NF-κB, and the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) following CSIS may be one functional difference between the response of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, thus identifying potentially relevant targets for antidepressant treatment.
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89
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Kordjazy N, Momeny M, Razmi A, Rahimi-Balaei M, Amini-Khoei H, Haj-Mirzaian A, Marzban H, Mehr S, Ghaffari S, Dehpour A. Lithium attenuated the depressant and anxiogenic effect of juvenile social stress through mitigating the negative impact of interlukin-1β and nitric oxide on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function. Neuroscience 2016; 315:271-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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90
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do Prado CH, Narahari T, Holland FH, Lee HN, Murthy SK, Brenhouse HC. Effects of early adolescent environmental enrichment on cognitive dysfunction, prefrontal cortex development, and inflammatory cytokines after early life stress. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 58:482-91. [PMID: 26688108 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early postnatal stress such as maternal separation causes cognitive dysfunction later in life, including working memory deficits that are largely mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Maternal separation in male rats also yields a loss of parvalbumin-containing prefrontal cortex interneurons in adolescence, which may occur via inflammatory or oxidative stress mechanisms. Environmental enrichment can prevent several effects of maternal separation; however, effects of enrichment on prefrontal cortex development are not well understood. Here, we report that enrichment prevented cognitive dysfunction in maternally separated males and females, and prevented elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines that was evident in maternally separated males, but not females. However, enrichment did not prevent parvalbumin loss or adolescent measures of oxidative stress. Significant correlations indicated that adolescents with higher oxidative damage and less prefrontal cortex parvalbumin in adolescence committed more errors on the win-shift task; therefore, maternal separation may affect cognitive dysfunction via aberrant interneuron development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 482-491, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine H do Prado
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group (GNCD), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tanya Narahari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ha-Neul Lee
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Shashi K Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
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91
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Schuch FB, Deslandes AC, Stubbs B, Gosmann NP, Silva CTBD, Fleck MPDA. Neurobiological effects of exercise on major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 61:1-11. [PMID: 26657969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise displays promise as an efficacious treatment for people with depression. However, no systematic review has evaluated the neurobiological effects of exercise among people with major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this article was to systematically review the acute and chronic biological responses to exercise in people with MDD. Two authors conducted searches using Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and PsycINFO. From the searches, twenty studies were included within the review, representing 1353 people with MDD. The results demonstrate that a single bout of exercise increases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), copepetin and growth hormone among people with MDD. Exercise also potentially promotes long-term adaptations of copeptin, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and total mean frequency (TMF). However, there is limited evidence that exercise promotes adaptations on neurogenesis, inflammation biomarkers and brain structure. Associations between depressive symptoms improvement and hippocampus volume and IL-1β were found. Nevertheless, the paucity of studies and limitations presented within, precludes a more definitive conclusion of the underlying neurobiological explanation for the antidepressant effect of exercise in people with MDD. Further trials should utilize appropriate assessments of neurobiological markers in order to build upon the results of our review and further clarify the potential mechanisms associated with the antidepressant effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90150090 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Camaz Deslandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Natan Pereira Gosmann
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Tschiedel Belem da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90150090 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90150090 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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92
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Todorović N, Tomanović N, Gass P, Filipović D. Olanzapine modulation of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in socially isolated rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 81:94-102. [PMID: 26474692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is efficient in stress associated psychiatric diseases, but its effect on the liver, a primary organ for drug activation and detoxification, still remains unclear. The effect of olanzapine administration (7.5mg/kg/day), on rat hepatic glutathione (GSH)-dependent defense and proinflammatory cytokines following 6weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), which causes depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in adult male Wistar rats, was investigated. The subcellular distribution of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cytosolic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein levels and hepatic histological alterations were also determined. Decreased GSH content and glutathione reductase activity associated with increased catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity following CSIS indicated hepatic oxidative stress. Moreover, CSIS caused NF-κB nuclear translocation and the concomitant increase in iNOS together with increase in interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha protein levels, but no effect on interleukin-6. Olanzapine treatment suppressed NF-κB activation and iNOS expression and caused modulation of GSH-dependent defense systems but failed to reverse CSIS-induced increase in hepatic proinflammatory cytokines. Portal inflammation, focal hepatocyte necrosis and an increased number of Kupffer cells in CSIS rats (vehicle- or olanzapine-treated) were found. Olanzapine-treated socially reared rats showed portal inflammation and focal hepatocyte necrosis. Data suggest that CSIS compromised GSH-dependent defense, triggered a proinflammatory response and histological alterations in rat liver. Olanzapine treatment partially reversed the alterations in hepatic GSH-dependent defense, but showed no anti-inflammatory effect suggesting that it may provide protective effect against hepatic CSIS-induced oxidative stress, but not against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Todorović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Tomanović
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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93
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Pesarico AP, Stangherlin EC, Mantovani AC, Zeni G, Nogueira CW. 7-Fluoro-1,3-diphenylisoquinoline-1-amine abolishes depressive-like behavior and prefrontal cortical oxidative damage induced by acute restraint stress in mice. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mejia-Carmona GE, Gosselink KL, Pérez-Ishiwara G, Martínez-Martínez A. Oxidant/antioxidant effects of chronic exposure to predator odor in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:121-9. [PMID: 25981530 PMCID: PMC4502319 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of anxiety-related diseases is increasing these days, hence there is a need to understand the mechanisms that underlie its nature and consequences. It is known that limbic structures, mainly the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, are involved in the processing of anxiety, and that projections from prefrontal cortex and amygdala can induce activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis with consequent cardiovascular changes, increase in oxygen consumption, and ROS production. The compensatory reaction can include increased antioxidant enzymes activities, overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, and genetic shifts that could include the activation of antioxidant genes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant effect that chronic anxiogenic stress exposure can have in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus by exposition to predator odor. Results showed (a) sensitization of the HPA axis response, (b) an enzymatic phase 1 and 2 antioxidant response to oxidative stress in amygdala, (c) an antioxidant stability without elevation of oxidative markers in prefrontal cortex, (d) an elevation in phase 1 antioxidant response in hypothalamus. Chronic exposure to predator odor has an impact in the metabolic REDOX state in amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus, with oxidative stress being prevalent in amygdala as this is the principal structure responsible for the management of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Mejia-Carmona
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo S/N, Zona Pronaf, C.P. 32315, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
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95
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Early maternal deprivation enhances voluntary alcohol intake induced by exposure to stressful events later in life. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:342761. [PMID: 25821601 PMCID: PMC4363574 DOI: 10.1155/2015/342761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to assess the impact of early life stress, in the form of early maternal deprivation (MD, 24 h on postnatal day, pnd, 9), on voluntary alcohol intake in adolescent male and female Wistar rats. During adolescence, from pnd 28 to pnd 50, voluntary ethanol intake (20%, v/v) was investigated using the two-bottle free choice paradigm. To better understand the relationship between stress and alcohol consumption, voluntary alcohol intake was also evaluated following additional stressful events later in life, that is, a week of alcohol cessation and a week of alcohol cessation combined with exposure to restraint stress. Female animals consumed more alcohol than males only after a second episode of alcohol cessation combined with restraint stress. MD did not affect baseline voluntary alcohol intake but increased voluntary alcohol intake after stress exposure, indicating that MD may render animals more vulnerable to the effects of stress on alcohol intake. During adolescence, when animals had free access to alcohol, MD animals showed lower body weight gain but a higher growth rate than control animals. Moreover, the higher growth rate was accompanied by a decrease in food intake, suggesting an altered metabolic regulation in MD animals that may interact with alcohol intake.
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96
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Djordjevic J, Djordjevic A, Adzic M, Mitic M, Lukic I, Radojcic MB. Alterations in the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway and its downstream target genes in rat brain under stress. Brain Res 2015; 1602:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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97
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Aron AW, Staff I, Fortunato G, McCullough LD. Prestroke living situation and depression contribute to initial stroke severity and stroke recovery. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 24:492-9. [PMID: 25524014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence from both experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated that social isolation can increase stroke incidence and impair recovery. Social isolation leads to higher rates of recurrent stroke but is often not reported as a risk factor. We examined prospectively collected stroke center database variables, which included prestroke living situation, to determine if social isolation could be determined from existing data using living arrangement as a proxy. Patients were categorized into 4 groups hypothesized to represent increasing levels of social isolation: living with spouse, living with family, living alone with visiting services, and living alone. Initial stroke severity and recovery were measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Barthel Index, respectively. A multivariate model was used to determine the relationship among prestroke living situation, stroke severity, and functional outcome. Patients living alone had less severe strokes on admission and better recovery at 3 months compared with the other cohorts. Patients living alone or those who lived with a spouse had less severe strokes on presentation and better recovery at both 3 and 12 months after stroke compared with the other cohorts. However, on detailed examination, it was found that these patients also had significantly higher prestroke function. Pre-existing depression was significantly higher in women, and depressed patients had poorer outcomes 3 months after stroke. Information regarding isolation is notably absent from most large stroke databases. A more comprehensive evaluation of social interaction should be obtained to more accurately measure social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham W Aron
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ilene Staff
- Research Program, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
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98
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Fowler AK, Thompson J, Chen L, Dagda M, Dertien J, Dossou KSS, Moaddel R, Bergeson SE, Kruman II. Differential sensitivity of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to alcohol-induced toxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106945. [PMID: 25188266 PMCID: PMC4154772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a brain region responsible for executive functions including working memory, impulse control and decision making. The loss of these functions may ultimately lead to addiction. Using histological analysis combined with stereological technique, we demonstrated that the PFC is more vulnerable to chronic alcohol-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death than the hippocampus. This increased vulnerability is evidenced by elevated oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and enhanced expression of apoptotic markers in PFC neurons. We also found that one-carbon metabolism (OCM) impairment plays a significant role in alcohol toxicity to the PFC seen from the difference in the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on DNA repair and from exaggeration of the damaging effects upon additional OCM impairment in mice deficient in a key OCM enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Given that damage to the PFC leads to loss of executive function and addiction, our study may shed light on the mechanism of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kate Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marisela Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janet Dertien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katina Sylvestre S. Dossou
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Bergeson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Inna I. Kruman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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