51
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Khing TM, Choi WS, Kim DM, Po WW, Thein W, Shin CY, Sohn UD. The effect of paclitaxel on apoptosis, autophagy and mitotic catastrophe in AGS cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23490. [PMID: 34873207 PMCID: PMC8648765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is an anti-microtubule agent that has been shown to induce cell death in gastric cancer. However, the detailed mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we reveal that the paclitaxel-induced cell death mechanism involves mitotic catastrophe, autophagy and apoptosis in AGS cells. Paclitaxel induced intrinsic apoptosis by activating caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP. In addition, the significant increase in autophagy marker LC3B-II, together with Atg5, class III PI3K and Beclin-1, and the down-regulation of p62 following paclitaxel treatment verified that paclitaxel induced autophagy. Further experiments showed that paclitaxel caused mitotic catastrophe, cell cycle arrest of the accumulated multinucleated giant cells at the G2/M phase and induction of cell death in 24 h. Within 48 h, the arrested multinucleated cells escaped mitosis by decreasing cell division regulatory proteins and triggered cell death. Cells treated with paclitaxel for 48 h were grown in fresh medium for 24 h and checked for CDC2, CDC25C and lamin B1 protein expressions. These proteins had decreased significantly, indicating that the remaining cells became senescent. In conclusion, it is suggested that paclitaxel-induced mitotic catastrophe is an integral part of the cell death mechanism, in addition to apoptosis and autophagy, in AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Myo Khing
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wah Wah Po
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wynn Thein
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yell Shin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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52
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Liao Z, Yeo HL, Wong SW, Zhao Y. Cellular Senescence: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1769. [PMID: 34944585 PMCID: PMC8698401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex and multistep biological process which cells can undergo in response to different stresses. Referring to a highly stable cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence can influence a multitude of biological processes-both physiologically and pathologically. While phenotypically diverse, characteristics of senescence include the expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, cell cycle arrest factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, morphogenesis, and chromatin remodelling. Persistent senescence is associated with pathologies such as aging, while transient senescence is associated with beneficial programmes, such as limb patterning. With these implications, senescence-based translational studies, namely senotherapy and pro-senescence therapy, are well underway to find the cure to complicated diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Being a subject of major interest only in the recent decades, much remains to be studied, such as regarding the identification of unique biomarkers of senescent cells. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse literature on senescence, and discuss the knowledge we have on senescence thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Lin Yeo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Siaw Wen Wong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
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Bonitto K, Sarathy K, Atai K, Mitra M, Coller HA. Is There a Histone Code for Cellular Quiescence? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739780. [PMID: 34778253 PMCID: PMC8586460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the cells in our bodies are quiescent, that is, temporarily not dividing. Under certain physiological conditions such as during tissue repair and maintenance, quiescent cells receive the appropriate stimulus and are induced to enter the cell cycle. The ability of cells to successfully transition into and out of a quiescent state is crucial for many biological processes including wound healing, stem cell maintenance, and immunological responses. Across species and tissues, transcriptional, epigenetic, and chromosomal changes associated with the transition between proliferation and quiescence have been analyzed, and some consistent changes associated with quiescence have been identified. Histone modifications have been shown to play a role in chromatin packing and accessibility, nucleosome mobility, gene expression, and chromosome arrangement. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of different histone marks in these processes during quiescence entry and exit. We consider different model systems for quiescence, each of the most frequently monitored candidate histone marks, and the role of their writers, erasers and readers. We highlight data that support these marks contributing to the changes observed with quiescence. We specifically ask whether there is a quiescence histone “code,” a mechanism whereby the language encoded by specific combinations of histone marks is read and relayed downstream to modulate cell state and function. We conclude by highlighting emerging technologies that can be applied to gain greater insight into the role of a histone code for quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Bonitto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kirthana Sarathy
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kaiser Atai
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mithun Mitra
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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54
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Assis LHC, Andrade-Silva D, Shiburah ME, de Oliveira BCD, Paiva SC, Abuchery BE, Ferri YG, Fontes VS, de Oliveira LS, da Silva MS, Cano MIN. Cell Cycle, Telomeres, and Telomerase in Leishmania spp.: What Do We Know So Far? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113195. [PMID: 34831418 PMCID: PMC8621916 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases belong to the inglorious group of neglected tropical diseases, presenting different degrees of manifestations severity. It is caused by the transmission of more than 20 species of parasites of the Leishmania genus. Nevertheless, the disease remains on the priority list for developing new treatments, since it affects millions in a vast geographical area, especially low-income people. Molecular biology studies are pioneers in parasitic research with the aim of discovering potential targets for drug development. Among them are the telomeres, DNA–protein structures that play an important role in the long term in cell cycle/survival. Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Due to their multiple interactions with different proteins that confer a likewise complex dynamic, they have emerged as objects of interest in many medical studies, including studies on leishmaniases. This review aims to gather information and elucidate what we know about the phenomena behind Leishmania spp. telomere maintenance and how it impacts the parasite’s cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H. C. Assis
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Débora Andrade-Silva
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Mark E. Shiburah
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Beatriz C. D. de Oliveira
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Stephany C. Paiva
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Bryan E. Abuchery
- DNA Replication and Repair Laboratory (DRRL), Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (B.E.A.); (Y.G.F.)
| | - Yete G. Ferri
- DNA Replication and Repair Laboratory (DRRL), Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (B.E.A.); (Y.G.F.)
| | - Veronica S. Fontes
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Leilane S. de Oliveira
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
| | - Marcelo S. da Silva
- DNA Replication and Repair Laboratory (DRRL), Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (B.E.A.); (Y.G.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.d.S.); (M.I.N.C.)
| | - Maria Isabel N. Cano
- Telomeres Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.H.C.A.); (D.A.-S.); (M.E.S.); (B.C.D.d.O.); (S.C.P.); (V.S.F.); (L.S.d.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.d.S.); (M.I.N.C.)
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55
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Breast cancer dormancy is associated with a 4NG1 state and not senescence. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:140. [PMID: 34707097 PMCID: PMC8551199 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of dormant cancer cells can lead to cancer relapse, metastasis, and patient death. Dormancy is a nonproliferative state and is linked to late relapse and death. No targeted therapy is currently available to eliminate dormant cells, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding and reliable models. Here, we thoroughly characterize the dormant D2.OR and ZR-75-1, and proliferative D2A1 breast cancer cell line models in vivo and/or in vitro, and assess if there is overlap between a dormant and a senescent phenotype. We show that D2.OR but not D2A1 cells become dormant in the liver of an immunocompetent model. In vitro, we show that D2.OR and ZR-75-1 cells in response to a 3D environment or serum-free conditions are growth-arrested in G1, of which a subpopulation resides in a 4NG1 state. The dormancy state is reversible and not associated with a senescence phenotype. This will aid future research on breast cancer dormancy.
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56
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Li Q, Hagberg CE, Silva Cascales H, Lang S, Hyvönen MT, Salehzadeh F, Chen P, Alexandersson I, Terezaki E, Harms MJ, Kutschke M, Arifen N, Krämer N, Aouadi M, Knibbe C, Boucher J, Thorell A, Spalding KL. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia drive adipocytes to activate a cell cycle program and senesce. Nat Med 2021; 27:1941-1953. [PMID: 34608330 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The expansion of adipose tissue in obesity is due to an increase in both adipocyte progenitor differentiation and mature adipocyte cell size. Adipocytes, however, are thought to be unable to divide or enter the cell cycle. We demonstrate that mature human adipocytes unexpectedly display a gene and protein signature indicative of an active cell cycle program. Adipocyte cell cycle progression associates with obesity and hyperinsulinemia, with a concomitant increase in cell size, nuclear size and nuclear DNA content. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in vitro or in humans, however, is associated with subsequent cell cycle exit, leading to a premature senescent transcriptomic and secretory profile in adipocytes. Premature senescence is rapidly becoming recognized as an important mediator of stress-induced tissue dysfunction. By demonstrating that adipocytes can activate a cell cycle program, we define a mechanism whereby mature human adipocytes senesce. We further show that by targeting the adipocyte cell cycle program using metformin, it is possible to influence adipocyte senescence and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Silva Cascales
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuai Lang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Firoozeh Salehzadeh
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Ida Alexandersson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleni Terezaki
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Harms
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahida Arifen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Krämer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Carole Knibbe
- CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon University, INRIA, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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57
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One-Two Punch Therapy for the Treatment of T-Cell Malignancies Involving p53-Dependent Cellular Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5529518. [PMID: 34603598 PMCID: PMC8481056 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5529518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T-cell malignancies are still difficult to treat due to a paucity of plans that target critical dependencies. Drug-induced cellular senescence provides a permanent cell cycle arrest during tumorigenesis and cancer development, particularly when combined with senolytics to promote apoptosis of senescent cells, which is an innovation for cancer therapy. Here, our research found that wogonin, a well-known natural flavonoid compound, not only had a potential to inhibit cell growth and proliferation but also induced cellular senescence in T-cell malignancies with nonlethal concentration. Transcription activity of senescence-suppression human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and oncogenic C-MYC was suppressed in wogonin-induced senescent cells, resulting in the inhibition of telomerase activity. We also substantiated the occurrence of DNA damage during the wogonin-induced aging process. Results showed that wogonin increased the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and activated the DNA damage response pathway mediated by p53. In addition, we found the upregulated expression of BCL-2 in senescent T-cell malignancies because of the antiapoptotic properties of senescent cells. Following up this result, we identified a BCL-2 inhibitor Navitoclax (ABT-263), which was highly effective in decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptotic cell death in wogonin-induced senescent cells. Thus, the “one-two punch” approach increased the sensibility of T-cell malignancies with low expression of BCL-2 to Navitoclax. In conclusion, our research revealed that wogonin possesses potential antitumor effects based on senescence induction, offering a better insight into the development of novel therapeutic methods for T-cell malignancies.
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Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R, Sánchez-Esteban S, Cook A, Mínguez-Moratinos M, Ramírez-Carracedo R, Reventún P, Delgado-Marín M, Bosch RJ, Saura M. Bisphenol A Induces Accelerated Cell Aging in Murine Endothelium. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101429. [PMID: 34680063 PMCID: PMC8533150 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine disruptor affecting many organs and systems. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that BPA could induce death due to necroptosis in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). This work aims to evaluate the possible involvement of BPA-induced senescence mechanisms in endothelial cells. The β-Gal assays showed interesting differences in cell senescence at relatively low doses (100 nM and 5 µM). Western blots confirmed that proteins involved in senescence mechanisms, p16 and p21, were overexpressed in the presence of BPA. In addition, the UPR (unfolding protein response) system, which is part of the senescent phenotype, was also explored by Western blot and qPCR, confirming the involvement of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway (related to pathological processes). The endothelium of mice treated with BPA showed an evident increase in the expression of the proteins p16, p21, and CHOP, confirming the results observed in cells. Our results demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by BPA leads to UPR activation and senescence since pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in BPA-treated cells reduced the percentage of senescent cells prevented the overexpression of proteins related to BPA-induced senescence and reduced the activation of the UPR system. The results suggest that BPA participates actively in accelerated cell aging mechanisms, affecting the vascular endothelium and promoting cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Gómez-Toledano
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Esteban
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Alberto Cook
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Marta Mínguez-Moratinos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | | | - Paula Reventún
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - María Delgado-Marín
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Ricardo J. Bosch
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Marta Saura
- Universidad de Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, IRYCIS, 28772 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.M.-G.-T.); (S.S.-E.); (A.C.); (M.M.-M.); (P.R.); (M.D.-M.); (R.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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59
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Alliband KH, Kozhevnikova SV, Parr T, Jethwa PH, Brameld JM. In vitro Effects of Biologically Active Vitamin D on Myogenesis: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:736708. [PMID: 34566700 PMCID: PMC8458760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.736708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with muscle weakness. A reduction in the incidence of falls in the elderly following VD supplementation and identification of the VD receptor within muscle cells suggests a direct effect of VD on muscle, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we systematically searched the literature to identify effects of active VD [1,25(OH)2D3] on skeletal muscle myogenesis in vitro, with no restriction on year of publication. Eligibility was assessed by strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and agreed by two independent investigators. Twelve relevant pa-pers were identified using four different cell types (C2C12, primary mouse satellite cells, primary chick myoblasts, and primary human myoblasts) and a range of myogenic markers (myoD, myogenin, creatine kinase, myosin heavy chain, and myotube size). A clear inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on proliferation was reported, while the effects on the different stages of differentiation were less consistent probably due to variation in cell type, time points and doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 used. However, myotube size was consistently increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Overall, the evidence suggests that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of myoblasts, but future studies should use time courses to gain a clearer understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Alliband
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia V Kozhevnikova
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Parr
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Preeti H Jethwa
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - John M Brameld
- Division of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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60
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Cellular senescence in musculoskeletal homeostasis, diseases, and regeneration. Bone Res 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 34508069 PMCID: PMC8433460 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging insights into cellular senescence highlight the relevance of senescence in musculoskeletal disorders, which represent the leading global cause of disability. Cellular senescence was initially described by Hayflick et al. in 1961 as an irreversible nondividing state in in vitro cell culture studies. We now know that cellular senescence can occur in vivo in response to various stressors as a heterogeneous and tissue-specific cell state with a secretome phenotype acquired after the initial growth arrest. In the past two decades, compelling evidence from preclinical models and human data show an accumulation of senescent cells in many components of the musculoskeletal system. Cellular senescence is therefore a defining feature of age-related musculoskeletal disorders, and targeted elimination of these cells has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate tissue damage and promote repair and regeneration of the skeleton and skeletal muscles. In this review, we summarize evidence of the role of senescent cells in the maintenance of bone homeostasis during childhood and their contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia. We highlight the diversity of the senescent cells in the microenvironment of bone, joint, and skeletal muscle tissue, as well as the mechanisms by which these senescent cells are involved in musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, we discuss how identifying and targeting senescent cells might positively affect pathologic progression and musculoskeletal system regeneration.
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61
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Cayo A, Segovia R, Venturini W, Moore-Carrasco R, Valenzuela C, Brown N. mTOR Activity and Autophagy in Senescent Cells, a Complex Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158149. [PMID: 34360912 PMCID: PMC8347619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a form of proliferative arrest triggered in response to a wide variety of stimuli and characterized by unique changes in cell morphology and function. Although unable to divide, senescent cells remain metabolically active and acquire the ability to produce and secrete bioactive molecules, some of which have recognized pro-inflammatory and/or pro-tumorigenic actions. As expected, this “senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)” accounts for most of the non-cell-autonomous effects of senescent cells, which can be beneficial or detrimental for tissue homeostasis, depending on the context. It is now evident that many features linked to cellular senescence, including the SASP, reflect complex changes in the activities of mTOR and other metabolic pathways. Indeed, the available evidence indicates that mTOR-dependent signaling is required for the maintenance or implementation of different aspects of cellular senescence. Thus, depending on the cell type and biological context, inhibiting mTOR in cells undergoing senescence can reverse senescence, induce quiescence or cell death, or exacerbate some features of senescent cells while inhibiting others. Interestingly, autophagy—a highly regulated catabolic process—is also commonly upregulated in senescent cells. As mTOR activation leads to repression of autophagy in non-senescent cells (mTOR as an upstream regulator of autophagy), the upregulation of autophagy observed in senescent cells must take place in an mTOR-independent manner. Notably, there is evidence that autophagy provides free amino acids that feed the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which in turn is required to initiate the synthesis of SASP components. Therefore, mTOR activation can follow the induction of autophagy in senescent cells (mTOR as a downstream effector of autophagy). These functional connections suggest the existence of autophagy regulatory pathways in senescent cells that differ from those activated in non-senescence contexts. We envision that untangling these functional connections will be key for the generation of combinatorial anti-cancer therapies involving pro-senescence drugs, mTOR inhibitors, and/or autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cayo
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Raúl Segovia
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Whitney Venturini
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 346000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 346000, Chile;
| | - Claudio Valenzuela
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
| | - Nelson Brown
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca School of Medicine, Talca 346000, Chile; (A.C.); (R.S.); (W.V.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence:
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62
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The Emergence of Senescent Surface Biomarkers as Senotherapeutic Targets. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071740. [PMID: 34359910 PMCID: PMC8305747 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is linked to a wide range of age-associated diseases and physiological declines. Thus, senotherapeutics are emerging to suppress the detrimental effects of senescence either by senomorphics or senolytics. Senomorphics suppress the traits associated with senescence phenotypes, while senolytics aim to clear senescent cells by suppressing their survival and enhancing the apoptotic pathways. The main goal of these approaches is to suppress the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and to promote the immune recognition and elimination of senescent cells. One increasingly attractive approach is the targeting of molecules or proteins specifically present on the surface of senescent cells. These proteins may play roles in the maintenance and survival of senescent cells and hence can be targeted for senolysis. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge regarding senolysis with a focus on novel surface biomarkers of cellular senescence and discuss their emergence as senotherapeutic targets.
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Chakrabarty A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya R, Chowdhury G. Senescence-Induced Chemoresistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Evolution-Based Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674354. [PMID: 34249714 PMCID: PMC8264500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically treated with combination chemotherapies. Although, initially responsive to chemotherapies, TNBC patients frequently develop drug-resistant, metastatic disease. Chemotherapy resistance can develop through many mechanisms, including induction of a transient growth-arrested state, known as the therapy-induced senescence (TIS). In this paper, we will focus on chemoresistance in TNBC due to TIS. One of the key characteristics of senescent cells is a complex secretory phenotype, known as the senescence-associated secretory proteome (SASP), which by prompting immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells maintains tissue homeostasis and suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in cancer, particularly with TIS, senescent cells themselves as well as SASP promote cellular reprograming into a stem-like state responsible for the emergence of drug-resistant, aggressive clones. In addition to chemotherapies, outcomes of recently approved immune and DNA damage-response (DDR)-directed therapies are also affected by TIS, implying that this a common strategy used by cancer cells for evading treatment. Although there has been an explosion of scientific research for manipulating TIS for prevention of drug resistance, much of it is still at the pre-clinical stage. From an evolutionary perspective, cancer is driven by natural selection, wherein the fittest tumor cells survive and proliferate while the tumor microenvironment influences tumor cell fitness. As TIS seems to be preferred for increasing the fitness of drug-challenged cancer cells, we will propose a few tactics to control it by using the principles of evolutionary biology. We hope that with appropriate therapeutic intervention, this detrimental cellular fate could be diverted in favor of TNBC patients.
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64
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A Senescence-Like Cellular Response Inhibits Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Proliferation. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060601. [PMID: 34200003 PMCID: PMC8227762 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During industrial-scale production of viruses for vaccine manufacturing, anti-viral response of host cells can dampen maximal viral antigen yield. In addition to interferon responses, many other cellular responses, such as the AMPK signaling pathway or senescence-like response may inhibit or slow down virus amplification in the cell culture system. In this study, we first performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the whole-genome mRNA transcriptome and found a senescence-like cellular response in BHK-21 cells when infected with bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). To demonstrate that this senescence-like state may reduce virus growth, BHK-21 subclones showing varying degrees of a senescence-like state were infected with BEFV. The results showed that the BHK-21 subclones showing high senescence staining could inhibit BEFV replication while low senescence-staining subclones are permissive to virus replication. Using a different approach, a senescence-like state was induced in BHK-21 using a small molecule, camptothecin (CPT), and BEFV susceptibility were examined. The results showed that CPT-treated BHK-21 is more resistant to virus infection. Overall, these results indicate that a senescence-like response may be at play in BHK-21 upon virus infection. Furthermore, cell clone selection and modulating treatments using small molecules may be tools in countering anti-viral responses.
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Boix-Montesinos P, Soriano-Teruel PM, Armiñán A, Orzáez M, Vicent MJ. The past, present, and future of breast cancer models for nanomedicine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:306-330. [PMID: 33798642 PMCID: PMC8191594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even given recent advances in nanomedicine development of breast cancer treatment in recent years and promising results in pre-clinical models, cancer nanomedicines often fail at the clinical trial stage. Limitations of conventional in vitro models include the lack of representation of the stromal population, the absence of a three-dimensional (3D) structure, and a poor representation of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Herein, we review those cell culture strategies that aim to overcome these limitations, including cell co-cultures, advanced 3D cell cultures, patient-derived cells, bioprinting, and microfluidics systems. The in vivo evaluation of nanomedicines must consider critical parameters that include the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the host's immune status, and the site of tumor implantation. Here, we critically discuss the advantages and limitations of current in vivo models and report how the improved selection and application of breast cancer models can improve the clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Boix-Montesinos
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paula M Soriano-Teruel
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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66
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Teti G, Chiarini F, Mazzotti E, Ruggeri A, Carano F, Falconi M. Cellular senescence in vascular wall mesenchymal stromal cells, a possible contribution to the development of aortic aneurysm. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111515. [PMID: 34062172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of ageing and it plays a key role in the development of age-related diseases. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an age related degenerative vascular disorder, characterized by a progressive dilatation of the vascular wall and high risk of rupture over time. Nowadays, no pharmacological therapies are available and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to AAA onset and development are poorly defined. In this study we investigated the cellular features of senescence in vascular mesenchymal stromal cells, isolated from pathological (AAA - MSCs) and healthy (h - MSCs) segments of human abdominal aorta and their implication in impairing the vascular repair ability of MSCs. Cell proliferation, ROS production, cell surface area, the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21CIP1 and p16INK4a, the activation of the DNA damage response and a dysregulated autophagy showed a senescent state in AAA - MSCs compared to h-MSCs. Moreover, a reduced ability to differentiate toward endothelial cells was observed in AAA - MSCs. All these data suggest that the accumulation of senescent vascular MSCs over time impairs their remodeling ability during ageing. This condition could support the onset and development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Teti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, 40136, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazzotti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Carano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University di Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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67
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Demény MA, Virág L. The PARP Enzyme Family and the Hallmarks of Cancer Part 1. Cell Intrinsic Hallmarks. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092042. [PMID: 33922595 PMCID: PMC8122967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 17-member poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme family, also known as the ADP-ribosyl transferase diphtheria toxin-like (ARTD) enzyme family, contains DNA damage-responsive and nonresponsive members. Only PARP1, 2, 5a, and 5b are capable of modifying their targets with poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers; the other PARP family members function as mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases. In the last decade, PARP1 has taken center stage in oncology treatments. New PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been introduced for the targeted treatment of breast cancer 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2)-deficient ovarian and breast cancers, and this novel therapy represents the prototype of the synthetic lethality paradigm. Much less attention has been paid to other PARPs and their potential roles in cancer biology. In this review, we summarize the roles played by all PARP enzyme family members in six intrinsic hallmarks of cancer: uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, cell death resistance, genome instability, reprogrammed energy metabolism, and escape from replicative senescence. In a companion paper, we will discuss the roles of PARP enzymes in cancer hallmarks related to cancer-host interactions, including angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, evasion of the anticancer immune response, and tumor-promoting inflammation. While PARP1 is clearly involved in all ten cancer hallmarks, an increasing body of evidence supports the role of other PARPs in modifying these cancer hallmarks (e.g., PARP5a and 5b in replicative immortality and PARP2 in cancer metabolism). We also highlight controversies, open questions, and discuss prospects of recent developments related to the wide range of roles played by PARPs in cancer biology. Some of the summarized findings may explain resistance to PARPi therapy or highlight novel biological roles of PARPs that can be therapeutically exploited in novel anticancer treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté A. Demény
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
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68
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Pignolo RJ, Law SF, Chandra A. Bone Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Osteoporosis. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10488. [PMID: 33869998 PMCID: PMC8046105 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in aging bone that lead to osteoporosis are mediated at multiple levels, including hormonal alterations, skeletal unloading, and accumulation of senescent cells. This pathological interplay is superimposed upon medical conditions, potentially bone-wasting medications, modifiable and unmodifiable personal risk factors, and genetic predisposition that accelerate bone loss with aging. In this study, the focus is on bone hemostasis and its dysregulation with aging. The major physiological changes with aging in bone and the role of cellular senescence in contributing to age-related osteoporosis are summarized. The aspects of bone aging are reviewed including remodeling deficits, uncoupling phenomena, inducers of cellular senescence related to bone aging, roles of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, radiation-induced bone loss as a model for bone aging, and the accumulation of senescent cells in the bone microenvironment as a predominant mechanism for age-related osteoporosis. The study also addresses the rationale and potential for therapeutic interventions based on the clearance of senescent cells or suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Susan F Law
- Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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69
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Nik Nabil WN, Xi Z, Song Z, Jin L, Zhang XD, Zhou H, De Souza P, Dong Q, Xu H. Towards a Framework for Better Understanding of Quiescent Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030562. [PMID: 33807533 PMCID: PMC7999675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are cancer cells that are reversibly suspended in G0 phase with the ability to re-enter the cell cycle and initiate tumor growth, and, ultimately, cancer recurrence and metastasis. QCCs are also therapeutically challenging due to their resistance to most conventional cancer treatments that selectively act on proliferating cells. Considering the significant impact of QCCs on cancer progression and treatment, better understanding of appropriate experimental models, and the evaluation of QCCs are key questions in the field that have direct influence on potential pharmacological interventions. Here, this review focuses on existing and emerging preclinical models and detection methods for QCCs and discusses their respective features and scope for application. By providing a framework for selecting appropriate experimental models and investigative methods, the identification of the key players that regulate the survival and activation of QCCs and the development of more effective QCC-targeting therapeutic agents may mitigate the consequences of QCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya 46200, Malaysia
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zejia Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Hua Zhou
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Paul De Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Qihan Dong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (H.X.)
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70
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Feehan J, Tripodi N, Apostolopoulos V. The twilight of the immune system: The impact of immunosenescence in aging. Maturitas 2021; 147:7-13. [PMID: 33832647 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a critical part of human anti-tumor defence; however, the accumulation of senescent cells with age underpins a wide range of pathologies. Senescent change in immune cells, or immunosenescence, has a wide range of physiological effects and is at least partially responsible for many diseases associated with aging. Immunosenescence underpins inflammaging, increased vulnerability to infectious disease with age, malignant change in the elderly, and auto-immunity. Understanding the effects and mechanisms of immunosenescence will improve disease outcomes and prevention in older adults, and generate new treatments for common illnesses. In this review we summarize the key changes occurring in immunosenescence across each facet of the immune system, and identify their clinical correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Tripodi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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71
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Gillispie GJ, Sah E, Krishnamurthy S, Ahmidouch MY, Zhang B, Orr ME. Evidence of the Cellular Senescence Stress Response in Mitotically Active Brain Cells-Implications for Cancer and Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:153. [PMID: 33671362 PMCID: PMC7922097 DOI: 10.3390/life11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress responses influence cell fate decisions. Apoptosis and proliferation represent opposing reactions to cellular stress or damage and may influence distinct health outcomes. Clinical and epidemiological studies consistently report inverse comorbidities between age-associated neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review discusses how one particular stress response, cellular senescence, may contribute to this inverse correlation. In mitotically competent cells, senescence is favorable over uncontrolled proliferation, i.e., cancer. However, senescent cells notoriously secrete deleterious molecules that drive disease, dysfunction and degeneration in surrounding tissue. In recent years, senescent cells have emerged as unexpected mediators of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review uses pre-defined criteria to evaluate evidence of cellular senescence in mitotically competent brain cells, highlights the discovery of novel molecular regulators and discusses how this single cell fate decision impacts cancer and degeneration in the brain. We also underscore methodological considerations required to appropriately evaluate the cellular senescence stress response in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Gillispie
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eric Sah
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Sudarshan Krishnamurthy
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohamed Y. Ahmidouch
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (G.J.G.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.Y.A.)
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA
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72
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Belmans N, Gilles L, Welkenhuysen J, Vermeesen R, Baselet B, Salmon B, Baatout S, Jacobs R, Lucas S, Lambrichts I, Moreels M. In vitro Assessment of the DNA Damage Response in Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Following Low Dose X-ray Exposure. Front Public Health 2021; 9:584484. [PMID: 33692980 PMCID: PMC7939020 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.584484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells contained within the dental mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) population are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Assuring their genomic stability is therefore essential. Exposure of stem cells to ionizing radiation (IR) is potentially detrimental for normal tissue homeostasis. Although it has been established that exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) has severe adverse effects on MSCs, knowledge about the impact of low doses of IR is lacking. Here we investigated the effect of low doses of X-irradiation with medical imaging beam settings (<0.1 Gray; 900 mGray per hour), in vitro, on pediatric dental mesenchymal stromal cells containing dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth, dental follicle progenitor cells and stem cells from the apical papilla. DNA double strand break (DSB) formation and repair kinetics were monitored by immunocytochemistry of γH2AX and 53BP1 as well as cell cycle progression by flow cytometry and cellular senescence by senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay and ELISA. Increased DNA DSB repair foci, after exposure to low doses of X-rays, were measured as early as 30 min post-irradiation. The number of DSBs returned to baseline levels 24 h after irradiation. Cell cycle analysis revealed marginal effects of IR on cell cycle progression, although a slight G2/M phase arrest was seen in dental pulp stromal cells from deciduous teeth 72 h after irradiation. Despite this cell cycle arrest, no radiation-induced senescence was observed. In conclusion, low X-ray IR doses (< 0.1 Gray; 900 mGray per hour), were able to induce significant increases in the number of DNA DSBs repair foci, but cell cycle progression seems to be minimally affected. This highlights the need for more detailed and extensive studies on the effects of exposure to low IR doses on different mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Belmans
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Liese Gilles
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium.,Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Randy Vermeesen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Université de Paris, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies UR2496 Lab, Montrouge, France.,Dental Medicine Department, AP-HP, Bretonneau hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentomaxillofacial Imaging Center, Department of Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, and University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Laboratory of Analysis by Nuclear Reaction (LARN/PMR), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Mol, Belgium
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73
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Kamen Y, Pivonkova H, Evans KA, Káradóttir RT. A Matter of State: Diversity in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells. Neuroscientist 2021; 28:144-162. [PMID: 33567971 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420987208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes which myelinate axons in the central nervous system. Although classically thought to be a homogeneous population, OPCs are reported to have different developmental origins and display regional and temporal diversity in their transcriptome, response to growth factors, and physiological properties. Similarly, evidence is accumulating that myelinating oligodendrocytes display transcriptional heterogeneity. Analyzing this reported heterogeneity suggests that OPCs, and perhaps also myelinating oligodendrocytes, may exist in different functional cell states. Here, we review the evidence indicating that OPCs and oligodendrocytes are diverse, and we discuss the implications of functional OPC states for myelination in the adult brain and for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Kamen
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helena Pivonkova
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kimberley A Evans
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ragnhildur T Káradóttir
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physiology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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74
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Amphiregulin Regulates Melanocytic Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020326. [PMID: 33562468 PMCID: PMC7914549 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a decisive process to suppress tumor development, but the molecular details of OIS are still under investigation. Using an established OIS model of primary melanocytes transduced with BRAF V600E and compared to control cells, amphiregulin (AREG) was shown to be induced. In addition, AREG expression was observed in nevi, which by definition, are senescent cell clusters, compared to melanocytes. Interestingly, treatment of melanocytes with recombinant AREG did induce senescence. This led to the assumption that extracellular AREG has an important function in this process. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using Gefitinib identified AREG as one of EGFR ligands responsible for senescence. Furthermore, depletion of AREG expression in senescent BRAF V600E melanocytes resulted in a significant reduction of senescent melanocytes. This study reveals AREG as an essential molecular component of signaling pathways leading to senescence in melanocytes.
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75
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Si Z, Sun L, Wang X. Evidence and perspectives of cell senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111327. [PMID: 33545662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancies have significantly increased the number of individuals suffering from geriatric neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The financial cost for current and future patients with these diseases is overwhelming, resulting in substantial economic and societal costs. Unfortunately, most recent high-profile clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases have failed to obtain efficacious results, indicating that novel approaches are desperately needed to treat these pathologies. Cell senescence, characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, resistance to apoptosis, mitochondrial alterations, and secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components, has been extensively studied in mitotic cells such as fibroblasts, which is considered a hallmark of aging. Furthermore, multiple cell types in the senescent state in the brain, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and neural stem cells, have recently been observed in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that these senescent cells may play an essential role in the pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review begins by outlining key aspects of cell senescence constitution followed by examining the evidence implicating senescent cells in neurodegenerative diseases. In the final section, we review how cell senescence may be targeted as novel therapeutics to treat pathologies associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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76
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Patil S, Sarode SC, Ashi H, Ali Baeshen H, Thirumal Raj A, Awan KH, Gondivkar S, Ramchandra Gadbail A, Sarode GS. Triphala extract negates arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2223-2228. [PMID: 33911939 PMCID: PMC8071809 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arecoline found in areca nut causes oral submucous fibrosis. Triphala is an Ayurvedic medicinal preparation used to improve overall physical wellness that has also been shown to improve oral health. Objectives To assess the activity of Triphala extract on arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro. Materials and methods Oral mucosal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess the viability of treated cells, while senescence was assessed by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase staining. Cell surface marker expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine gene expression levels. Results Triphala extract (5 µg/mL) reversed the cell senescence activity of arecoline, as evidenced by reduced β-galactosidase activity, increased Ki-67 marker expression, and reduced expression of senescence-related genes p16 and p21. Conclusion Triphala extract helped to reduce the pathological effects of arecoline-induced pathogenesis. Clinical relevance. Arecoline found in the areca nut causes oral pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis. Our results showed that Triphala counteracted the adverse effects of arecoline, in particular, negating senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells. As a translational effect, Triphala treatment could restore normal epithelial thickness in oral submucous fibrosis, thus reducing the clinical severity of the disease. This reestablishment of oral homeostasis would help to improve oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Consultant in Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Kamran H Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, United States
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Amol Ramchandra Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
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77
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Jia M, Su B, Mo L, Qiu W, Ying J, Lin P, Yang B, Li D, Wang D, Xu L, Li H, Zhou Z, Li X, Li J. Circadian clock protein CRY1 prevents paclitaxel‑induced senescence of bladder cancer cells by promoting p53 degradation. Oncol Rep 2020; 45:1033-1043. [PMID: 33650658 PMCID: PMC7860017 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common tumor type of the urinary system, which has high levels of morbidity and mortality. The first‑line treatment is cisplatin‑based combination chemotherapy, but a significant proportion of patients relapse due to the development of drug resistance. Therapy‑induced senescence can act as a 'back‑up' response to chemotherapy in cancer types that are resistant to apoptosis‑based anticancer therapies. The circadian clock serves an important role in drug resistance and cellular senescence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of the circadian clock on paclitaxel (PTX)‑induced senescence in cisplatin‑resistant bladder cancer cells. Cisplatin‑resistant bladder cancer cells were established via long‑term cisplatin incubation. PTX induced apparent senescence in bladder cancer cells as demonstrated via SA‑β‑Gal staining, but this was not observed in the cisplatin‑resistant cells. The cisplatin‑resistant cells entered into a quiescent state with prolonged circadian rhythm under acute PTX stress. It was identified that the circadian protein cryptochrome1 (CRY1) accumulated in these quiescent cisplatin‑resistant cells, and that CRY1 knockdown restored PTX‑induced senescence. Mechanistically, CRY1 promoted p53 degradation via increasing the binding of p53 with its ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 proto‑oncogene. These data suggested that the accumulated CRY1 in cisplatin‑resistant cells could prevent PTX‑induced senescence by promoting p53 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China
| | - Bijia Su
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxu Ying
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bingxuan Yang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Danying Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518122, P.R. China
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78
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Adamczyk-Grochala J, Lewinska A. Nano-Based Theranostic Tools for the Detection and Elimination of Senescent Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E2659. [PMID: 33322013 PMCID: PMC7764355 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive accumulation of apoptosis-resistant and secretory active senescent cells (SCs) in animal and human aged tissues may limit lifespan and healthspan and lead to age-related diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Thus, SCs are suggested targets in anti-aging therapy. In the last two decades, a number of nanomaterials have gained much attention as innovative tools in theranostic applications due to their unique properties improving target visualization, drug and gene delivery, controlled drug release, effective diagnosis, and successful therapy. Although the healthcare industry has focused on a plethora of applications of nanomaterials, it remains elusive how nanomaterials may modulate cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging. In this review paper, we consider novel nanotechnology-based strategies for healthspan promotion and the prevention of age-related dysfunctions that are based on the delivery of therapeutic compounds capable to preferentially killing SCs (nano-senolytics) and/or modulating a proinflammatory secretome (nano-senomorphics/nano-senostatics). Recent examples of SC-targeted nanomaterials and the mechanisms underlying different aspects of the nanomaterial-mediated senolysis are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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79
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Wang Y, Qi H, Zhang C, Guo Y, Yao Y, Feng X, Fan S, Han Y, Yuan Z, Weng Q, Zhang H. The seasonal profile of proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate gland of the wild ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 253:110862. [PMID: 33276131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal cycle of growth and regression in the prostate gland of wild ground squirrel provide a unique research model to understand the morphological changes of prostate glands. Our previous studies showed that the local production of dihydrotestosterone could affect the morphology and function of the prostate gland in either an autocrine or paracrine manner. In the present study, we attempted to gain more insight into this process by investigating the expression of key factors implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle, including mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-D2, p21, p27 and retinoblastoma 1 (pRB). Morphological and histological observations confirmed that the prostate increased significantly in both size and weight during the breeding season. Positive immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was mainly localized to the prostate epithelial cells during the breeding season, which is significantly higher in the prostate gland during the breeding season (2470 ± 81/mm2) than that in the nonbreeding season (324 ± 54/mm2). However, there was no significant difference in the prostate gland when compared between the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, with regards to TUNEL staining. Moreover, cell cycle regulators were mainly localized to the epithelial cells, including mTOR, cyclin-D2, p21, p27 and pRB. the immunostaining of mTOR and cyclin D2 were stronger during the breeding season, whereas the immunostaining of p27 and pRB were stronger during the nonbreeding season. The mRNA expression levels of mTOR, cyclin D2, and PCNA, were higher during the breeding season while those of p27 and p21 were higher during the nonbreeding season. Collectively, this study profiled the distinct expression pattern of key cell cycle regulators throughout the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Collectively, these factors may play important roles in regulating the seasonal growth and regression of the prostatic epithelium in the wild ground squirrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunjiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohang Feng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sijie Fan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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80
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Cathepsin D deficiency in mammary epithelium transiently stalls breast cancer by interference with mTORC1 signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5133. [PMID: 33046706 PMCID: PMC7552405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CTSD) is a lysosomal protease and a marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, the cells responsible for this association and the function of CTSD in cancer are still incompletely understood. By using a conditional CTSD knockout mouse crossed to the transgenic MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model we demonstrate that CTSD deficiency in the mammary epithelium, but not in myeloid cells, blocked tumor development in a cell-autonomous manner. We show that lack of CTSD impaired mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and induced reversible cellular quiescence. In line, CTSD-deficient tumors started to grow with a two-month delay and quiescent Ctsd-/- tumor cells re-started proliferation upon long-term culture. This was accompanied by rewiring of oncogenic gene expression and signaling pathways, while mTORC1 signaling remained permanently disabled in CTSD-deficient cells. Together, these studies reveal a tumor cell-autonomous effect of CTSD deficiency, and establish a pivotal role of this protease in the cellular response to oncogenic stimuli. The lysosomal aspartic protease Cathepsin D (CTSD) is associated with breast cancer progression. Here the authors show that selective inactivation of CTSD in mammary epithelium delays tumor onset due to impaired mTORC1 signaling, but resumes malignant growth due to compensatory oncogenic pathways
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81
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Gruening M, Neuber S, Nestler P, Lehnfeld J, Dubs M, Fricke K, Schnabelrauch M, Helm CA, Müller R, Staehlke S, Nebe JB. Enhancement of Intracellular Calcium Ion Mobilization by Moderately but Not Highly Positive Material Surface Charges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1016. [PMID: 33015006 PMCID: PMC7505933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic forces at the cell interface affect the nature of cell adhesion and function; but there is still limited knowledge about the impact of positive or negative surface charges on cell-material interactions in regenerative medicine. Titanium surfaces with a variety of zeta potentials between −90 mV and +50 mV were generated by functionalizing them with amino polymers, extracellular matrix proteins/peptide motifs and polyelectrolyte multilayers. A significant enhancement of intracellular calcium mobilization was achieved on surfaces with a moderately positive (+1 to +10 mV) compared with a negative zeta potential (−90 to −3 mV). Dramatic losses of cell activity (membrane integrity, viability, proliferation, calcium mobilization) were observed on surfaces with a highly positive zeta potential (+50 mV). This systematic study indicates that cells do not prefer positive charges in general, merely moderately positive ones. The cell behavior of MG-63s could be correlated with the materials’ zeta potential; but not with water contact angle or surface free energy. Our findings present new insights and provide an essential knowledge for future applications in dental and orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gruening
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Neuber
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehnfeld
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Dubs
- Department of Biomaterials, INNOVENT e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christiane A Helm
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Faculty of Interdisciplinary, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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82
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Simmnacher K, Krach F, Schneider Y, Alecu JE, Mautner L, Klein P, Roybon L, Prots I, Xiang W, Winner B. Unique signatures of stress-induced senescent human astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113466. [PMID: 32949572 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescence was recently linked to neurodegeneration and astrocytes are one of the major cell types to turn senescent under neurodegenerative conditions. Senescent astrocytes were detected in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' brains besides reactive astrocytes, yet the difference between senescent and reactive astrocytes is unclear. We aimed to characterize senescent astrocytes in comparison to reactive astrocytes and investigate differences and similarities. In a cell culture model of human fetal astrocytes, we determined a unique senescent transcriptome distinct from reactive astrocytes, which comprises dysregulated pathways. Both, senescent and reactive human astrocytes activated a proinflammatory pattern. Astrocyte senescence was at least partially depending on active mechanistic-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and DNA-damage response signaling, both drivers of senescence. To further investigate how PD and senescence connect to each other, we asked if a PD-linked environmental factor induces senescence and if senescence impairs midbrain neurons. We could show that the PD-linked pesticide rotenone causes astrocyte senescence. We further delineate, that the senescent secretome exaggerates rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in midbrain neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) of PD patients with alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) locus duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Simmnacher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian E Alecu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paulina Klein
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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83
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Yaghoobi MM, Sheikoleslami M, Ebrahimi M. Effects of hydrogen peroxide, doxorubicin and ultraviolet irradiation on senescence of human dental pulp stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104819. [PMID: 32592933 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of three distinct agents on the induction of senescence in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DESIGN DPSCs from three separate donors were treated with H2O2, doxorubicin and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The response of the cells to the three agents was assayed by specific staining for SA-βGal, RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that incubation with 100 μM H2O2 and 20 nM Doxorubicin for seven days led to senescence in all donors' cells equally. Interestingly, UV irradiation for just one minute was sufficient to induce senescence in the cells. The SA-βGal positive senescent cells were arrested in G1 phase and their S phase was significantly reduced as analyzed by flow cytometry. Significant increment in p21 and BTG1 expression and decrement in CCND1 expression also confirmed the cells have been arrested and get senescent via p53-p21 pathway. CONCLUSION All three agents successfully triggered senescence in the cells. There was no significant difference in the capacity of the three donor's cells for senescence. To avoid premature senescence in stem cell in vitro, it is recommended to avoid unnecessary exposure of the cell to fluorescent and UV light. Moreover, to prevent ROS production, we recommend using a separate incubator with low oxygen content for cell culture, if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoobi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Sheikoleslami
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Zhang Y, Devocelle A, Souza L, Foudi A, Tenreira Bento S, Desterke C, Sherrard R, Ballesta A, Adam R, Giron-Michel J, Chang Y. BMAL1 knockdown triggers different colon carcinoma cell fates by altering the delicate equilibrium between AKT/mTOR and P53/P21 pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8067-8083. [PMID: 32388500 PMCID: PMC7244025 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the circadian timing system (CTS) frequently appears during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In order to better understand the role of the circadian clock in CRC progression, this study evaluated in vitro how knockdown of a core circadian protein BMAL1 (BMAL1-KD) influenced the behavior of two primary human CRC cell lines (HCT116 and SW480) and a metastatic CRC cell line (SW620).Unexpectedly, BMAL1-KD induced CRC cell-type specific responses rather than the same phenomenon throughout. First, BMAL1-KD increased AKT/mTOR activation in each CRC cell line, but to different extents. Second, BMAL1-KD-induced P53 activation varied with cell context. In a wild type P53 background, HCT116 BMAL1-KD cells quickly underwent apoptosis after shBMAL1 lentivirus transduction, while surviving cells showed less P53 but increased AKT/mTOR activation, which ultimately caused higher proliferation. In the presence of a partially functional mutant P53, SW480 BMAL1-KD cells showed moderate P53 and mTOR activation simultaneously with cell senescence. With a moderate increased AKT but unchanged mutant P53 activation, SW620 BMAL1-KD cells grew faster.Thus, under different CRC cellular pathological contexts, BMAL1 knockdown induced relatively equal effects on AKT/mTOR activation but different effects on P53 activation, which finally triggered different CRC cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
- INSERM, UMR1197 Interactions between Stem Cells and Their Niches in Physiology, Tumors and Tissue Repair, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucas Souza
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Adlen Foudi
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Sabrina Tenreira Bento
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Rachel Sherrard
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, UMR8256 Biological Adaptation and Aging (B2A), Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Rene Adam
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
- Hôpital Paul Brousse AP-HP, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
- INSERM, UMR1197 Interactions between Stem Cells and Their Niches in Physiology, Tumors and Tissue Repair, Villejuif, France
| | - Yunhua Chang
- INSERM, UMR935, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cells Models, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Aubin, France
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85
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Dai Prè E, Busato A, Mannucci S, Vurro F, De Francesco F, Riccio V, Solito S, Biswas R, Bernardi P, Riccio M, Sbarbati A. In Vitro Characterization of Adipose Stem Cells Non-Enzymatically Extracted from the Thigh and Abdomen. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093081. [PMID: 32349299 PMCID: PMC7247667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is a surgical technique in which adipose tissue is transferred from one area of the body to another, in order to reconstruct or regenerate damaged or injured tissues. Before reinjection, adipose tissue needs to be purified from blood and cellular debris to avoid inflammation and preserve the graft viability. To perform this purification, different enzymatic and mechanical methods can be used. In this study, we characterized in vitro the product of a closed automatic device based on mechanical disaggregation, named Rigenera®, focusing on two sites of adipose tissue harvesting. At first, we optimized the Rigenera® operating timing, demonstrating that 60 s of treatment allows a higher cellular yield, in terms of the cell number and growth rate. This result optimizes the mechanical disaggregation and it can increase the clinical efficiency of the final product. When comparing the extracted adipose samples from the thigh and abdomen, our results showed that the thigh provides a higher number of mesenchymal-like cells, with a faster replication rate and a higher ability to form colonies. We can conclude that by collecting adipose tissue from the thigh and treating it with the Rigenera® device for 60 s, it is possible to obtain the most efficient product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dai Prè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alice Busato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Verona, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Mannucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Accademia del Lipofilling, Research and Training Center in Regenerative Surgery, 61025 Montelabbate (PU), Italy;
| | - Federica Vurro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- Accademia del Lipofilling, Research and Training Center in Regenerative Surgery, 61025 Montelabbate (PU), Italy;
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0715963945
| | - Valentina Riccio
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, MC, Italy;
| | - Samantha Solito
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, 37135 Verona, Italy;
| | - Reetuparna Biswas
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Michele Riccio
- Accademia del Lipofilling, Research and Training Center in Regenerative Surgery, 61025 Montelabbate (PU), Italy;
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, AOU “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (E.D.P.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (F.V.); (R.B.); (P.B.); (A.S.)
- Accademia del Lipofilling, Research and Training Center in Regenerative Surgery, 61025 Montelabbate (PU), Italy;
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Abstract
Life expectancy has increased substantially over the last few decades, leading to a worldwide increase in the prevalence and burden of aging-associated diseases. Recent evidence has proven that cellular senescence contributes substantially to the development of these disorders. Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest with suppressed apoptosis and concomitant secretion of multiple bioactive factors (the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-SASP) that plays a physiological role in embryonic development and healing processes. However, DNA damage and oxidative stress that occur during aging cause the accumulation of senescent cells, which through their SASP bring about deleterious effects on multiple organ and systemic functions. Ablation of senescent cells through genetic or pharmacological means leads to improved life span and health span in animal models, and preliminary evidence suggests it may also have a positive impact on human health. Thus, strategies to reduce or eliminate the burden of senescent cells or their products have the potential to impact multiple clinical outcomes with a single intervention. In this review, we touch upon the basics of cell senescence and summarize the current state of development of therapies against cell senescence for human use.
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87
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Antitumorigenic Effects of Inhibiting Ephrin Receptor Kinase Signaling by GLPG1790 against Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9342732. [PMID: 32184826 PMCID: PMC7063197 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9342732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptors (Eph) promote the onset and sustain the progression of cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC), in which the A2 subtype of Eph receptor expression has been shown to correlate with a poor prognosis and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we investigated, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of treatment with GLPG1790, a potent pan-Eph inhibitor. The small molecule has selective activity against the EphA2 isoform in human HCT116 and HCT15 CRC cell lines expressing a constitutively active form of RAS concurrently with a wild-type or mutant form of p53, respectively. GLPG1790 reduced EPHA2 phosphorylation/activation and induced G1/S cell-cycle growth arrest by downregulating the expression of cyclin E and PCNA, while upregulating p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Cip/Kip. The inhibition of ephrin signaling induced quiescence in HCT15 and senescence in HCT116 cells. While investigating the role of CRC-related, pro-oncogenic p53 and RAS pathways, we found that GLPG1790 upregulated p53 expression and that silencing p53 or inhibiting RAS (human rat sarcoma)/ERKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling restrained the ability of GLPG1790 to induce senescence in HCT116 cells. On the other hand, HCT15 silencing of p53 predisposed cells to GLPG1790-induced senescence, whilst no effects of ERK inhibition were observed. Finally, GLPG1790 hindered the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reduced the migratory capacities of CRC, and affected tumor formation in xenograft models in vivo more efficiently using HCT116 than HCT15 for xenografts. Taken together, our data suggest the therapeutic potential of GLPG1790 as a signal transduction-based therapeutic strategy in to treat CRC.
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88
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Ashokachakkaravarthy K, Pottakkat B. Mitotic quiescence in hepatic cancer stem cells: An incognito mode. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:452. [PMID: 32153726 PMCID: PMC7036709 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents one of the most aggressive cancers with high recurrence rates. The high recurrence is a major problem in the management of this disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are often regarded as the basis of cancer recurrence. The anti-proliferative therapy kills the proliferating cells but induces mitotic quiescence in CSCs which remain as residual dormant CSCs. Later on, withdrawal of treatment reactivates the residual CSCs from dormancy to produce new cancer cells. The proliferation of these newly formed cancer cells initiates new tumor formation in the liver leading to tumor recurrence. HCC cells evade the immune surveillance via modulating the key immune cells by alpha feto-protein (AFP) secreted from CSCs or hepatic progenitor cells. This AFP mediated immune evasion assists in establishing new tumors by cancer cells in the liver. In this review, we will summarise the CSC mechanisms of recurrence, mitotic quiescence, dormancy and reactivation of CSCs, metastasis and immune evasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Ashokachakkaravarthy
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Biju Pottakkat
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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89
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Hamsanathan S, Alder JK, Sellares J, Rojas M, Gurkar AU, Mora AL. Cellular Senescence: The Trojan Horse in Chronic Lung Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:21-30. [PMID: 30965013 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0410tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cell fate decision characterized by irreversible arrest of proliferation accompanied by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Traditionally, cellular senescence has been recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and wound healing and in tumor suppression. However, in recent years, evidence of negative consequences of cellular senescence has emerged, illuminating its role in several chronic pathologies. In this context, senescent cells persist or accumulate and have detrimental consequences. In this review, we discuss the possibility that in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, persistent senescence impairs wound healing in the lung caused by secretion of proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors and exhaustion of progenitor cells. In contrast, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic senescence in alveolar epithelial cells exacerbates the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts together with production of extracellular matrix. We review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,3 Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases
| | - Jacobo Sellares
- 4 Interstitial Lung Disease Program, Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5 Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes CB06/06/0028), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,3 Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases.,6 McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- 1 Aging Institute.,7 Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine.,8 Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana L Mora
- 1 Aging Institute.,2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,9 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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90
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Kumar R, Awasthi M, Sharma A, Padwad Y, Sharma R. Berberine induces dose-dependent quiescence and apoptosis in A549 cancer cells by modulating cell cyclins and inflammation independent of mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2020; 244:117346. [PMID: 31978448 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Emerging studies have shown that application of low concentration of bioactive phytomolecules can confer anti-proliferative effects on tumour cells by inducing senescence pathways. The alkaloid berberine is recognized for its anti-cancer attributes but its potential to induce senescence in tumour cells is least understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work assessed the mechanisms pertaining to dose-dependent anti-proliferative effects of berberine in the perspective of senescence and inflammation using human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549). KEY FINDINGS Amongst the different tested bioactive phytomolecules, berberine treatment suppressed the proliferation of A549 cells regardless of the concentration applied. Application of low doses of berberine induced a weak SA-β-gal activity and p21WAF1 expression but did not show evidence of SASP activation due to absence of NF-κB activation and expression of proinflammatory genes. However, treatment with higher dose of berberine showed no evidence of SA-β-gal activity or p21WAF1 expression, but instead induced apoptosis and suppressed the expression of cell cyclins. The proliferative capacity of berberine treated cells was at par with control cells and no SA-β-gal activity could be observed in first generation of berberine treated cells. mTOR pathway showed no distinct activation on account of berberine treatment thereby further emphasizing that low dose of berberine induced quiescence and not senescence in A549 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our observations indicate that despite its strong anti-proliferative effects, low dose berberine treatment may only induce transient changes akin to quiescence that needs to be considered before implying pro-senescence attributes of berberine in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Mansi Awasthi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.
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91
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Skalska J, Oliveira FD, Figueira TN, Mello ÉO, Gomes VM, McNaughton-Smith G, Castanho MARB, Gaspar D. Plant defensin PvD 1 modulates the membrane composition of breast tumour-derived exosomes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23366-23381. [PMID: 31793603 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important causes of failure in tumour treatment is the development of resistance to therapy. Cancer cells can develop the ability to lose sensitivity to anti-neoplastic drugs during reciprocal crosstalk between cells and their interaction with the tumour microenvironment (TME). Cell-to-cell communication regulates a cascade of interdependent events essential for disease development and progression and can be mediated by several signalling pathways. Exosome-mediated communication is one of the pathways regulating these events. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDE) are believed to have the ability to modulate TMEs and participate in multidrug resistance mechanisms. In this work, we studied the effect of the natural defensin from common bean, PvD1, on the formation of exosomes by breast cancer MCF-7 cells, mainly the modulatory effect it has on the level of CD63 and CD9 tetraspanins. Moreover, we followed the interaction of PvD1 with biological and model membranes of selected composition, by biophysical and imaging techniques. Overall, the results show that PvD1 induces a dual effect on MCF-7 derived exosomes: the peptide attenuates the recruitment of CD63 and CD9 to exosomes intracellularly and binds to the mature exosomes in the extracellular environment. This work uncovers the exosome-mediated anticancer action of PvD1, a potential nutraceutical agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skalska
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Filipa D Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tiago N Figueira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Érica O Mello
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos do Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdirene M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos do Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Grant McNaughton-Smith
- CEAMED - Centro Atlántico del Medicamento, S.A., San Cristobal de La Laguna, S/C Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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92
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Tay VSY, Devaraj S, Koh T, Ke G, Crasta KC, Ali Y. Increased double strand breaks in diabetic β-cells with a p21 response that limits apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19341. [PMID: 31852915 PMCID: PMC6920453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in β-cells have received little attention especially in the context of type-2 diabetes. We postulate that p21 plays a key role in DDR by preventing apoptosis, associated through its overexpression triggered by DNA stand breaks (DSBs). Our results show that β-cells from chronic diabetic mice had a greater extent of DSBs as compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Comet assays and nuclear presence of γH2AX and 53bp1 revealed increased DNA DSBs in 16 weeks old (wo) db/db β-cells as compared to age matched non-diabetic β-cells. Our study of gene expression changes in MIN6 cell line with doxorubicin (Dox) induced DNA damage, showed that the DDR was similar to primary β-cells from diabetic mice. There was significant overexpression of DDR genes, gadd45a and p21 after a 24-hr treatment. Western blot analysis revealed increased cleaved caspase3 over time, suggesting higher frequency of apoptosis due to Dox-induced DNA strand breaks. Inhibition of p21 by pharmacological inhibitor UC2288 under DNA damage conditions (both in Dox-induced MIN6 cells and older db/db islets) significantly increased the incidence of β-cell apoptosis. Our studies confirmed that while DNA damage, specifically DSBs, induced p21 overexpression in β-cells and triggered the p53/p21 cellular response, p21 inhibition exacerbated the frequency of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Y Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Surabhi Devaraj
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracy Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Ke
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen C Crasta
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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93
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Galvis D, Walsh D, Harries LW, Latorre E, Rankin J. A dynamical systems model for the measurement of cellular senescence. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190311. [PMID: 31594522 PMCID: PMC6833332 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells provide a good in vitro model to study ageing. However, cultures of ‘senescent’ cells consist of a mix of cell subtypes (proliferative, senescent, growth-arrested and apoptotic). Determining the proportion of senescent cells is crucial for studying ageing and developing new anti-degenerative therapies. Commonly used markers such as doubling population, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, Ki-67, γH2AX and TUNEL assays capture diverse and overlapping cellular populations and are not purely specific to senescence. A newly developed dynamical systems model follows the transition of an initial culture to senescence tracking population doubling, and the proportion of cells in proliferating, growth-arrested, apoptotic and senescent states. Our model provides a parsimonious description of transitions between these states accruing towards a predominantly senescent population. Using a genetic algorithm, these model parameters are well constrained by an in vitro human primary fibroblast dataset recording five markers at 16 time points. The computational model accurately fits to the data and translates these joint markers into the first complete description of the proportion of cells in different states over the lifetime. The high temporal resolution of the dataset demonstrates the efficacy of strategies for reconstructing the trajectory towards replicative senescence with a minimal number of experimental recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Galvis
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Translational Research Exchange at Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Darren Walsh
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Eva Latorre
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - James Rankin
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, UK
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94
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Limas JC, Cook JG. Preparation for DNA replication: the key to a successful S phase. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2853-2867. [PMID: 31556113 PMCID: PMC6817399 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful genome duplication is required for cell proliferation and demands extraordinary precision and accuracy. The mechanisms by which cells enter, progress through, and exit S phase are intense areas of focus in the cell cycle and genome stability fields. Key molecular events in the G1 phase of the cell division cycle, especially origin licensing, are essential for pre-establishing conditions for efficient DNA replication during the subsequent S phase. If G1 events are poorly regulated or disordered, then DNA replication can be compromised leading to genome instability, a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Upon entry into S phase, coordinated origin firing and replication progression ensure complete, timely, and precise chromosome replication. Both G1 and S phase progressions are controlled by master cell cycle protein kinases and ubiquitin ligases that govern the activity and abundance of DNA replication factors. In this short review, we describe current understanding and recent developments related to G1 progression and S phase entrance and exit with a particular focus on origin licensing regulation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita C Limas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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95
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Budai Z, Balogh L, Sarang Z. Altered Gene Expression of Muscle Satellite Cells Contributes to Agerelated Sarcopenia in Mice. Curr Aging Sci 2019; 11:165-172. [PMID: 30251615 PMCID: PMC6388427 DOI: 10.2174/1874609811666180925104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During aging, muscle tissue undergoes profound changes which lead to a decline in its functional and regenerative capacity. We utilized global gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis to characterize gene expression changes in aging muscle satellite cells. METHOD Gene expression data; obtained from Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array, for 14 mouse muscle satellite cell samples (5 young, 4 middle-aged, and 5 aged), were retrieved from public Gene Expression Omnibus repository. List of differentially expressed genes was generated based on 0.05 multiple-testing-adjusted p-value and 2-fold FC cut-off values. Functional profiling of genes was carried out using PANTHER Classification System. RESULTS We have found several differentially expressed genes in satellite cells derived from aged mice compared to young ones. The gene expression changes increased progressively with time, and the majority of the differentially expressed genes were upregulated during aging. While the downregulated genes could not be correlated with specific biological processes the upregulated ones could be associated with muscle differentiation-, inflammation- or fibrosis-related processes. The latter two processes encompass the senescence-associated secretory phenotype for satellite cells which alters the tissue microenvironment and contributes to inflammation and fibrosis observed in aging muscle. CONCLUSION Our analysis reveals that by altering gene expression pattern and expressing inflammatory mediators and extracellular matrix components, these cells can directly contribute to muscle wasting in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Budai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Balogh
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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96
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Sossey-Alaoui K, Pluskota E, Szpak D, Plow EF. The Kindlin2-p53-SerpinB2 signaling axis is required for cellular senescence in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 31308359 PMCID: PMC6629707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, cellular senescence is a complex process that leads to inhibition of proliferation of cells that may develop a neoplastic phenotype. A plethora of signaling pathways, when dysregulated, have been shown to elicit a senescence response. Two well-known tumor suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma proteins, have been implicated in maintaining the cellular senescence phenotype. Kindlin-2, a member of an actin cytoskeleton organizing and integrin activator proteins, has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of several hallmarks of several cancers, including breast cancer (BC). The molecular mechanisms whereby Kindlin-2 regulates cellular senescence in BC tumors remains largely unknown. Here we show that Kindlin-2 regulates cellular senescence in part through its interaction with p53, whereby it regulates the expression of the p53-responsive genes; i.e., SerpinB2 and p21, during the induction of senescence. Our data show that knockout of Kindlin-2 via CRISPR/Cas9 in several BC cell lines significantly increases expression levels of both SerpinB2 and p21 resulting in the activation of hallmarks of cellular senescence. Mechanistically, interaction between Kindlin-2 and p53 at the promotor level is critical for the regulated expression of SerpinB2 and p21. These findings identify a previously unknown Kindlin-2/p53/SerpinB2 signaling axis that regulates cellular senescence and intervention in this axis may serve as a new therapeutic window for BCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dorota Szpak
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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97
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Cho IJ, Lui PP, Obajdin J, Riccio F, Stroukov W, Willis TL, Spagnoli F, Watt FM. Mechanisms, Hallmarks, and Implications of Stem Cell Quiescence. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1190-1200. [PMID: 31189093 PMCID: PMC6565921 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a dormant but reversible cellular state in which cell-cycle entry and proliferation are prevented. Recent studies both in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that quiescence is actively maintained through synergistic interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Subtypes of adult mammalian stem cells can be maintained in this poised, quiescent state, and subsequently reactivated upon tissue injury to restore homeostasis. However, quiescence can become deregulated in pathological settings. In this review, we discuss the recent advances uncovering intracellular signaling pathways, transcriptional changes, and extracellular cues within the stem cell niche that control induction and exit from quiescence in tissue stem cells. We discuss the implications of quiescence as well as the pharmacological and genetic approaches that are being explored to either induce or prevent quiescence as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inchul J Cho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Prudence PokWai Lui
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jana Obajdin
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Federica Riccio
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Wladislaw Stroukov
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Thea Louise Willis
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesca Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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98
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Liu X, Wan M. A tale of the good and bad: Cell senescence in bone homeostasis and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:97-128. [PMID: 31122396 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Historically, cellular senescence has been viewed as an irreversible cell-cycle arrest process with distinctive phenotypic alterations that were implicated primarily in aging and tumor suppression. Recent discoveries suggest that cellular senescence represents a series of diverse, dynamic, and heterogeneous cellular states with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although senescent cells typically contribute to aging and age-related diseases, accumulating evidence has shown that they also have important physiological functions during embryonic development, late pubertal bone growth cessation, and adulthood tissue remodeling. Here, we review the recent research on cellular senescence and SASP, highlighting the key pathways that mediate senescence cell-cycle arrest and initiate SASP. We also summarize recent literature on the role of cellular senescence in maintaining bone homeostasis and mediating age-associated osteoporosis, discussing both the beneficial and adverse roles of cellular senescence in bone during different physiological stages, including bone development, childhood bone growth, adulthood bone remodeling, and bone aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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99
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Pignolo RJ, Samsonraj RM, Law SF, Wang H, Chandra A. Targeting Cell Senescence for the Treatment of Age-Related Bone Loss. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:70-85. [PMID: 30806947 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review cell senescence in the context of age-related bone loss by broadly discussing aging mechanisms in bone, currently known inducers and markers of senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the emerging roles of senescence in bone homeostasis and pathology. RECENT FINDINGS Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest induced by insults or stressors including telomere attrition, oxidative stress, DNA damage, oncogene activation, and other intrinsic or extrinsic triggers and there is mounting evidence for the role of senescence in aging bone. Cellular aging also instigates a SASP that exerts detrimental paracrine and likely systemic effects. With aging, multiple cell types in the bone microenvironment become senescent, with osteocytes and myeloid cells as primary contributors to the SASP. Targeting undesired senescent cells may be a favorable strategy to promote bone anabolic and anti-resorptive functions in aging bone, with the possibility of improving bone quality and function with normal aging and/or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | | | - Susan F Law
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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100
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Pantziarka P, Ghibelli L, Reichle A. A Computational Model of Tumor Growth and Anakoinosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:287. [PMID: 30971926 PMCID: PMC6444062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anakoinosis is a new cancer treatment paradigm that posits a key role for communicative reprogramming within tumor systems. To date no mathematical or computational models of anakoinosis have been developed. Here we outline the NEATG_A system, a first computational model of communicative reprogramming. The model recapitulates key features of real tumor systems and responses to both traditional cytotoxic treatments and biomodulatory/anakoinotic treatments. Results are presented and discussed, particularly with respect to the implications for future cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pantziarka
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Anticancer Fund, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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