51
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A Review on Forced Degradation Strategies to Establish the Stability of Therapeutic Peptide Formulations. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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52
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Antimicrobial Preservatives for Protein and Peptide Formulations: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020563. [PMID: 36839885 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological drugs intended for multi-dose application require the presence of antimicrobial preservatives to avoid microbial growth. As the presence of certain preservatives has been reported to increase protein and peptide particle formation, it is essential to choose a preservative compatible with the active pharmaceutical ingredient in addition to its preservation function. Thus, this review describes the current status of the use of antimicrobial preservatives in biologic formulations considering (i) appropriate preservatives for protein and peptide formulations, (ii) their physico-chemical properties, (iii) their in-/compatibilities with other excipients or packaging material, and (iv) their interactions with the biological compound. Further, (v) we present an overview of licensed protein and peptide formulations.
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53
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Hughes P, Rivers HM, Bantseev V, Yen CW, Mahler HC, Gupta S. Intraocular delivery considerations of ocular biologic products and key preclinical determinations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:223-240. [PMID: 36632784 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2166927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophthalmic diseases of the retina are a significant cause of vision loss globally. Despite much progress, there remains an unmet need for durable, long-acting treatment options. While biologic therapies show great promise, they present many challenges, including complexities in biochemical properties, mechanism of action, manufacturing considerations, preclinical evaluation, and delivery mechanism; these are confounded by the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye itself. AREAS COVERED This review describes the current development status of intravitreally administered drugs for the treatment of ophthalmic disease, outlines the range of approaches that can be considered for sustained drug delivery to the eye, and discusses key preclinical considerations for the evaluation of ocular biologics. EXPERT OPINION The required frequency of dosing in the eye results in a great burden on both patients and the health care system, with direct intraocular administration remaining the most reliable and predictable route. Sustained and controlled ophthalmic drug delivery systems will go a long way in reducing this burden. Sustained delivery can directly dose target tissues, improving bioavailability and reducing off-target systemic effects. Maintaining stability and activity of compounds can prevent aggregation and enable extended duration of release, while sustaining dosage and preventing residual polymer after drug depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hughes
- Pharmaceutical Development, Visus Therapeutics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hongwen M Rivers
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Medical Aesthetics, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vladimir Bantseev
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Wan Yen
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Swati Gupta
- Non-clinical Development Immunology, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA
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Vieillard V, Paul M. Physicochemical stability study of a biosimilar of Bevacizumab in vials and after dilution in 0.9% NaCl in polyolefin intravenous bags. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pthp-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bevacizumab was first marketed in 2005. Since then, its stability has been extensively studied. The arrival of numerous biosimilars on the market has called into question these stabilities and organisation within reconstitution units. To study the stability of the Bevacizumab biosimilar Alymsys® marketed by Zentiva laboratory in ready-to-use vials at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and following dilution to obtain final concentrations of 1.4 and 16.5 mg/mL and storage in polyolefin IV bags at 4 °C. In parallel, the impact of a storage temperature excursion at 25 °C for three days and storage of the vial before opening at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and after opening at 4 °C was studied.
Methods
The vials were supplied by Zentiva laboratory. The vials (three batches) were diluted to the final concentrations of 1.4 or 16.5 mg/mL in 100 mL IV bags of NaCl. The IV bags and vials were stored at 4 °C and at room temperature throughout the duration of the study. The physico-chemical stability was tested using the following methods: turbidimetry, UV spectrometry and fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, ion exchange and steric exclusion chromatography, pH, osmolality and density.
Results
Out of all the parameters studied, for the two concentrations and standard storage conditions (90 days at +4 °C) or after a three-day temperature excursion at +25 °C, no modification was detected for the three batches tested with respect to physical and chemical stability. Hence, no signs of physical instability were observed, with, in particular, the absence of formation of submicron or micron sized aggregates and particles. The steric exclusion chromatography profiles did not demonstrate any oligomer formation or molecular structure rupture. Ion exchange chromatography did not demonstrate any significant modification in the distribution of charge variants. Derivative UV and fluorescence spectral analysis did not demonstrate any modification. The thermal denaturation curves were identical, suggesting the absence of thermodynamic destabilisation. Identical results were observed for the vials stored for 60 days at 4 °C after opening. Finally, only ion exchange chromatography demonstrated a slight change after 45 days of storage at 25 °C for vials before opening.
Conclusions
After dilution in sterile conditions with 0.9% NaCl in polyolefin IV bags, at the usual concentrations of 1.4 and 16.5 mg/mL, the Bevacizumab biosimilar Alymsys® is stable for at least three months at 4 °C protected from light and after a three-day temperature excursion at +25 °C. The same conclusions can be reached for the 25 mg/mL vials stored for 60 days at +4 °C after opening. However, the stability of vials stored at 25 °C before opening is no longer guaranteed beyond 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muriel Paul
- Service Pharmacie , CHU Henri Mondor , Créteil , France
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55
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Wang C, Zou Q. Prediction of protein solubility based on sequence physicochemical patterns and distributed representation information with DeepSoluE. BMC Biol 2023; 21:12. [PMID: 36694239 PMCID: PMC9875434 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein solubility is a precondition for efficient heterologous protein expression at the basis of most industrial applications and for functional interpretation in basic research. However, recurrent formation of inclusion bodies is still an inevitable roadblock in protein science and industry, where only nearly a quarter of proteins can be successfully expressed in soluble form. Despite numerous solubility prediction models having been developed over time, their performance remains unsatisfactory in the context of the current strong increase in available protein sequences. Hence, it is imperative to develop novel and highly accurate predictors that enable the prioritization of highly soluble proteins to reduce the cost of actual experimental work. RESULTS In this study, we developed a novel tool, DeepSoluE, which predicts protein solubility using a long-short-term memory (LSTM) network with hybrid features composed of physicochemical patterns and distributed representation of amino acids. Comparison results showed that the proposed model achieved more accurate and balanced performance than existing tools. Furthermore, we explored specific features that have a dominant impact on the model performance as well as their interaction effects. CONCLUSIONS DeepSoluE is suitable for the prediction of protein solubility in E. coli; it serves as a bioinformatics tool for prescreening of potentially soluble targets to reduce the cost of wet-experimental studies. The publicly available webserver is freely accessible at http://lab.malab.cn/~wangchao/softs/DeepSoluE/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- grid.411307.00000 0004 1790 5236School of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Zou
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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56
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Plant-Produced Mouse-Specific Zona Pellucida 3 Peptide Induces Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010153. [PMID: 36679998 PMCID: PMC9866649 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraceptive vaccines are designed to stimulate autoimmune responses to molecules involved in the reproductive process. A mouse-specific peptide from zona pellucida 3 (mZP3) has been proposed as a target epitope. Here, we employed a plant expression system for the production of glycosylated mZP3 and evaluated the immunogenicity of plant-produced mZP3-based antigens in a female BALB/c mouse model. In the mZP3-1 antigen, mZP3 fused with a T-cell epitope of tetanus toxoid, a histidine tag, and a SEKDEL sequence. A fusion antigen (GFP-mZP3-1) and a polypeptide antigen containing three repeats of mZP3 (mZP3-3) were also examined. Glycosylation of mZP3 should be achieved by targeting proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of antigens resulted in successful production of mZP3 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Compared with mZP3-1, GFP-mZP3-1 and mZP3-3 increased the production of the mZP3 peptide by more than 20 and 25 times, respectively. The glycosylation of the proteins was indicated by their size and their binding to a carbohydrate-binding protein. Both plant-produced GFP-mZP3-1 and mZP3-3 antigens were immunogenic in mice; however, mZP3-3 generated significantly higher levels of serum antibodies against mZP3. Induced antibodies recognized native zona pellucida of wild mouse, and specific binding of antibodies to the oocytes was observed in immunohistochemical studies. Therefore, these preliminary results indicated that the plants can be an efficient system for the production of immunogenic mZP3 peptide, which may affect the fertility of wild mice.
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Shastri DH, Silva AC, Almeida H. Ocular Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010205. [PMID: 36678834 PMCID: PMC9864358 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, single chain variable fragment (ScFv), crystallizable fragment (Fc), and fragment antigen binding (Fab), have accounted for one-third of all drugs on the world market. In particular, these medicines have been widely used in ocular therapies in the treatment of various diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, corneal neovascularization, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. However, the formulation of these biomacromolecules is challenging due to their high molecular weight, complex structure, instability, short half-life, enzymatic degradation, and immunogenicity, which leads to the failure of therapies. Various efforts have been made to overcome the ocular barriers, providing effective delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as altering the protein structure or including it in new delivery systems. These strategies are not only cost-effective and beneficial to patients but have also been shown to allow for fewer drug side effects. In this review, we discuss several factors that affect the design of formulations and the delivery of therapeutic proteins to ocular tissues, such as the use of injectable micro/nanocarriers, hydrogels, implants, iontophoresis, cell-based therapy, and combination techniques. In addition, other approaches are briefly discussed, related to the structural modification of these proteins, improving their bioavailability in the posterior segments of the eye without affecting their stability. Future research should be conducted toward the development of more effective, stable, noninvasive, and cost-effective formulations for the ocular delivery of therapeutic proteins. In addition, more insights into preclinical to clinical translation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyesh H. Shastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sarva Vidyalaya Kelavani Mandal, Gandhinagar 382016, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Almeida
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mesosystem Investigação & Investimentos by Spinpark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Souza TL, de Morais TP, Neto FF, Opuskevitch I, Ferreira FCAS, Randi MAF, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, de Souza C, Prodocimo MM. Physicochemical and bioinformatic characterization of Oreochromis niloticus vitellogenin as an endocrine disruption biomarker. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:12-24. [PMID: 36547786 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic biota is increasingly being exposed to chemical pollutants due to human activities and the relationship between the level of environmental pollution and fish reproduction is a continuously ongoing issue. The vitellogenin (Vtg) protein synthesis can be induced in the liver of juvenile and male fish after stimulation of the estrogen receptor and therefore, Vtg has been used as a biomarker of xenoestrogen exposure in several fish species. The current study reported the first physicochemical characterization of Vtg from Oreochromis niloticus. Adult male fish were exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol for Vtg induction. Purified vitellogenin from plasma showed low stability at 25 and 4 °C in saline conditions, and good stability in acidic (low pH) or in heated conditions. The 3D modeling provided useful information on the structure of O. niloticus Vtg showing conserved structural features. According to bioinformatics and experimental results, there are important structural differences between the two chemical forms of Vtg (VtgAb and VtgC) in a phylogenetic context. The present results add information about the development of ecotoxicological immunoassays to study the endocrine disruption in O. niloticus improving the Vtg performance as a biomarker of reproduction in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugstênio L Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tobias P de Morais
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iracema Opuskevitch
- Copel GeT-SOS/DNGT, Rua José Izidoro Biazetto, No. 18, Bloco A, CEP 81200-240, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando C A S Ferreira
- Copel GeT-SOS/DNGT, Rua José Izidoro Biazetto, No. 18, Bloco A, CEP 81200-240, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Ferreira Randi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudemir de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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59
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Svilenov HL, Arosio P, Menzen T, Tessier P, Sormanni P. Approaches to expand the conventional toolbox for discovery and selection of antibodies with drug-like physicochemical properties. MAbs 2023; 15:2164459. [PMID: 36629855 PMCID: PMC9839375 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2164459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody drugs should exhibit not only high-binding affinity for their target antigens but also favorable physicochemical drug-like properties. Such drug-like biophysical properties are essential for the successful development of antibody drug products. The traditional approaches used in antibody drug development require significant experimentation to produce, optimize, and characterize many candidates. Therefore, it is attractive to integrate new methods that can optimize the process of selecting antibodies with both desired target-binding and drug-like biophysical properties. Here, we summarize a selection of techniques that can complement the conventional toolbox used to de-risk antibody drug development. These techniques can be integrated at different stages of the antibody development process to reduce the frequency of physicochemical liabilities in antibody libraries during initial discovery and to co-optimize multiple antibody features during early-stage antibody engineering and affinity maturation. Moreover, we highlight biophysical and computational approaches that can be used to predict physical degradation pathways relevant for long-term storage and in-use stability to reduce the need for extensive experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo L. Svilenov
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Peter Tessier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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60
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Ghosh I, Gutka H, Krause ME, Clemens R, Kashi RS. A systematic review of commercial high concentration antibody drug products approved in the US: formulation composition, dosage form design and primary packaging considerations. MAbs 2023; 15:2205540. [PMID: 37243580 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2205540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three critical aspects that define high concentration antibody products (HCAPs) are as follows: 1) formulation composition, 2) dosage form, and 3) primary packaging configuration. HCAPs have become successful in the therapeutic sector due to their unique advantage of allowing subcutaneous self-administration. Technical challenges, such as physical and chemical instability, viscosity, delivery volume limitations, and product immunogenicity, can hinder successful development and commercialization of HCAPs. Such challenges can be overcome by robust formulation and process development strategies, as well as rational selection of excipients and packaging components. We compiled and analyzed data from US Food and Drug Administration-approved and marketed HCAPs that are ≥100 mg/mL to identify trends in formulation composition and quality target product profile. This review presents our findings and discusses novel formulation and processing technologies that enable the development of improved HCAPs at ≥200 mg/mL. The observed trends can be used as a guide for further advancements in the development of HCAPs as more complex antibody-based modalities enter biologics product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Ghosh
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hiten Gutka
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mary E Krause
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ryan Clemens
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ramesh S Kashi
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
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Mutukuri TT, Darwish A, Strongrich AD, Peroulis D, Alexeenko A, Zhou QT. Radio Frequency - Assisted Ultrasonic Spray Freeze Drying for Pharmaceutical Protein Solids. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:40-50. [PMID: 36181875 PMCID: PMC9772299 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined physical stability of spray freeze dried (SFD) bovine serum albumin (BSA) solids produced using the radio frequency (RF)-assisted drying technique. BSA formulations were prepared with varying concentrations of trehalose and mannitol, using an excipient-free formulation as control. These formulations were produced using either traditional ultrasonic spray freeze drying (SFD) or RF-assisted ultrasonic spray freeze drying (RFSFD). The dried formulations were then characterized using Karl Fischer moisture content measurement, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Moisture content did not have a good correlation with the physical stability of the formulations measured by SEC. ssHDX-MS metrics such as deconvoluted peak areas of the deuterated samples showed a satisfactory correlation (R2 = 0.914) with the SEC stability data. RFSFD improved the stability of formulations with 20 mg/ml of trehalose and no mannitol, and had similar stability with all other formulations as compared to SFD. This study demonstrated that RFSFD technique can significantly reduce the duration of primary drying cycle from 48.0 h to 27.5 h while maintaining or improving protein physical stability as compared to traditional lyophilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ahmad Darwish
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew David Strongrich
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Dimitrios Peroulis
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Alina Alexeenko
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Dauer K, Werner C, Lindenblatt D, Wagner KG. Impact of process stress on protein stability in highly-loaded solid protein/PEG formulations from small-scale melt extrusion. Int J Pharm X 2022; 5:100154. [PMID: 36632069 PMCID: PMC9826855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As protein-based therapeutics often exhibit a limited stability in liquid formulations, there is a growing interest in the development of solid protein formulations due to improved protein stability in the solid state. We used small-scale (<3 g) ram and twin-screw extrusion for the solid stabilization of proteins (Lysozyme, BSA, and human insulin) in PEG-matrices. Protein stability after extrusion was systematically investigated using ss-DSC, ss-FTIR, CD spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, SEC, RP-HPLC, and in case of Lysozyme an activity assay. The applied analytical methods offered an accurate assessment of protein stability in extrudates, enabling the comparison of different melt extrusion formulations and process parameters (e.g., shear stress levels, screw configurations, residence times). Lysozyme was implemented as a model protein and was completely recovered in its active form after extrusion. Differences seen between Lysozyme- and BSA- or human insulin-loaded extrudates indicated that melt extrusion could have an impact on the conformational stability. In particular, BSA and human insulin were more susceptible to heat exposure and shear stress compared to Lysozyme, where shear stress was the dominant parameter. Consequently, ram extrusion led to less conformational changes compared to TSE. Ram extrusion showed good protein particle distribution resulting in the preferred method to prepare highly-loaded solid protein formulations.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BSE, backscattered electron
- CD, circular dichroism
- DSC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray detector
- EVA, Ethylene-vinyl acetate
- FTIR, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HMWS, high molecular weight species
- Hot-melt extrusion
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEO, polyethylene oxide
- PLGA, Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid
- Protein stability
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- Small-scale
- Solid-state characterization
- TSE, twin-screw extrusion
- ss, solid-state
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dauer
- University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindenblatt
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl Gerhard Wagner
- University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author at: University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutics, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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McClain A, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Wang Q, Hwang LY, Gu Y, Beckman J, Ludwig R. Using Digestion by IdeS Protease to Improve Quantification of Degradants in Monoclonal Antibodies by Non-Reducing Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17388-17395. [PMID: 36472948 PMCID: PMC9774260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become predominant therapeutics by providing highly specific mechanisms of action enabling treatment of complex diseases. However, mAbs themselves are highly complex and require thorough testing and characterization to ensure efficacy and patient safety. In this regard, fragmentation is a degradation product of concern. The biotechnology industry uses capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) to quantify fragmentation by electrophoretically resolving size variants, such as products resulting from partial reduction of interchain disulfides. However, standard CGE methods may not adequately separate less typical fragments, particularly when there is minimal size difference to the parent molecule. For mAb-1, a degradant only ∼11 kDa smaller than the intact mAb (∼149 kDa) was unable to be resolved under typical non-reducing conditions, preventing an accurate purity assessment and precluding tracking of product purity within stability studies. To address these deficiencies, a subunit-based non-reducing CGE method was developed to employ IdeS protease to produce F(ab')2 and Fc fragments, which resulted in baseline resolution of the clipped subunit species from its parent species. This enabled more accurate trending of purity throughout stability studies. Method characterization ensured that this subunit method monitored expected impurities observed by intact non-reducing CGE and thus could suitably replace non-reducing CGE in the release and stability testing panel. It also has the potential to replace reducing CGE based on its tracking of the deglycosylated Fc species. We believe this approach of utilizing proteases to develop subunit CGE methods for release and stability can be applied to other molecules when in need of resolving analogous fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McClain
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, Massachusetts01434, United States
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, Massachusetts01434, United States
| | - Yan Yin
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts02140, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, Massachusetts01434, United States
| | - Lih-Yueh Hwang
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey07901, United States
| | - Yan Gu
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, Massachusetts01434, United States
| | - Jeff Beckman
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, Massachusetts01434, United States
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Bristol
Myers Squibb, 38 Jackson Rd, Devens, Massachusetts01434, United States
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64
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Ghouneimy A, Mahas A, Marsic T, Aman R, Mahfouz M. CRISPR-Based Diagnostics: Challenges and Potential Solutions toward Point-of-Care Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 12:1-16. [PMID: 36508352 PMCID: PMC9872163 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the conventional diagnostic field and revealed the need for decentralized Point of Care (POC) solutions. Although nucleic acid testing is considered to be the most sensitive and specific disease detection method, conventional testing platforms are expensive, confined to central laboratories, and are not deployable in low-resource settings. CRISPR-based diagnostics have emerged as promising tools capable of revolutionizing the field of molecular diagnostics. These platforms are inexpensive, simple, and do not require the use of special instrumentation, suggesting they could democratize access to disease diagnostics. However, there are several obstacles to the use of the current platforms for POC applications, including difficulties in sample processing and stability. In this review, we discuss key advancements in the field, with an emphasis on the challenges of sample processing, stability, multiplexing, amplification-free detection, signal interpretation, and process automation. We also discuss potential solutions for revolutionizing CRISPR-based diagnostics toward sample-to-answer diagnostic solutions for POC and home use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghouneimy
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahas
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tin Marsic
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory
for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological
Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia,
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65
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Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112533. [PMID: 36432723 PMCID: PMC9699111 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.
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Alahmadi A, Dmello A. Detrimental Effects of Elevated Temperatures on the Structure and Activity of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase-Bovine Serum Albumin Mixtures and the Stabilizing Potential of Surfactant and Sugars. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:297. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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67
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Zhang W, Wang H, Feng N, Li Y, Gu J, Wang Z. Developability assessment at early-stage discovery to enable development of antibody-derived therapeutics. Antib Ther 2022; 6:13-29. [PMID: 36683767 PMCID: PMC9847343 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developability refers to the likelihood that an antibody candidate will become a manufacturable, safe and efficacious drug. Although the safety and efficacy of a drug candidate will be well considered by sponsors and regulatory agencies, developability in the narrow sense can be defined as the likelihood that an antibody candidate will go smoothly through the chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC) process at a reasonable cost and within a reasonable timeline. Developability in this sense is the focus of this review. To lower the risk that an antibody candidate with poor developability will move to the CMC stage, the candidate's developability-related properties should be screened, assessed and optimized as early as possible. Assessment of developability at the early discovery stage should be performed in a rapid and high-throughput manner while consuming small amounts of testing materials. In addition to monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, as the derivatives of monoclonal antibodies, should also be assessed for developability. Moreover, we propose that the criterion of developability is relative: expected clinical indication, and the dosage and administration route of the antibody could affect this criterion. We also recommend a general screening process during the early discovery stage of antibody-derived therapeutics. With the advance of artificial intelligence-aided prediction of protein structures and features, computational tools can be used to predict, screen and optimize the developability of antibody candidates and greatly reduce the risk of moving a suboptimal candidate to the development stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Technology and Process Development, WuXi Biologicals, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jijie Gu
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Biologics Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China, Phone number: +86-21-50518899
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Sacherl J, Kosinska AD, Kemter K, Kächele M, Laumen SC, Kerth HA, Öz EA, Wolff LS, Su J, Essbauer S, Sutter G, Scholz M, Singethan K, Altrichter J, Protzer U. Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100603. [PMID: 36714793 PMCID: PMC9880034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Induction of potent, HBV-specific immune responses is crucial to control and finally cure HBV. The therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine TherVacB combines protein priming with a Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vector boost to break immune tolerance in chronic HBV infection. Particulate protein and vector vaccine components, however, require a constant cooling chain for storage and transport, posing logistic and financial challenges to vaccine applications. We aimed to identify an optimal formulation to maintain stability and immunogenicity of the protein and vector components of the vaccine using a systematic approach. Methods We used stabilizing amino acid (SAA)-based formulations to stabilize HBsAg and HBV core particles (HBcAg), and the MVA-vector. We then investigated the effect of lyophilization and short- and long-term high-temperature storage on their integrity. Immunogenicity and safety of the formulated vaccine was validated in HBV-naïve and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-HBV-infected mice. Results In vitro analysis proved the vaccine's stability against thermal stress during lyophilization and the long-term stability of SAA-formulated HBsAg, HBcAg and MVA during thermal stress at 40 °C for 3 months and at 25 °C for 12 months. Vaccination of HBV-naïve and AAV-HBV-infected mice demonstrated that the stabilized vaccine was well tolerated and able to brake immune tolerance established in AAV-HBV mice as efficiently as vaccine components constantly stored at 4 °C/-80 °C. Even after long-term exposure to elevated temperatures, stabilized TherVacB induced high titre HBV-specific antibodies and strong CD8+ T-cell responses, resulting in anti-HBs seroconversion and strong suppression of the virus in HBV-replicating mice. Conclusion SAA-formulation resulted in highly functional and thermostable HBsAg, HBcAg and MVA vaccine components. This will facilitate global vaccine application without the need for cooling chains and is important for the development of prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccines supporting vaccination campaigns worldwide. Impact and implications Therapeutic vaccination is a promising therapeutic option for chronic hepatitis B that may enable its cure. However, its application requires functional cooling chains during transport and storage that can hardly be guaranteed in many countries with high demand. In this study, the authors developed thermostable vaccine components that are well tolerated and that induce immune responses and control the virus in preclinical mouse models, even after long-term exposure to high surrounding temperatures. This will lower costs and ease application of a therapeutic vaccine and thus be beneficial for the many people affected by hepatitis B around the world.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CTC, controlled temperature chain
- Ctrl, control
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- HBcAg
- HBcAg, hepatitis B core antigen
- HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen
- HBsAg
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- Heat-stable vaccine
- ICS, intracellular cytokine staining
- IFNα, interferon alpha
- MVA
- MVA, Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara
- NAGE, native agarose gel electrophoresis
- RH, relative humidity
- RT, room temperature
- SAA, stabilizing amino acids
- SEC-HPLC, size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography
- SPS®
- TCID50, median tissue culture infection dose
- TherVacBCtrl, non-lyophilized
- WHO, World Health Organization
- anti-HBc, hepatitis B core antibodies
- anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- formulation
- hepatitis B virus
- heterologous prime/boost vaccination
- lyophilization
- non-stressed, non-stabilized TherVacB
- stabilization
- stabilizing amino acid-based formulation
- stabilizing excipients
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacherl
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna D. Kosinska
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kächele
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine C. Laumen
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hélène A. Kerth
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Edanur Ates Öz
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa S. Wolff
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Singethan
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Virology, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 Munich, Germany; Tel.: +49-89-4140-6821, fax: +49-89-4140-6823.
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Investigation of native and aggregated therapeutic proteins in human plasma with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8191-8200. [PMID: 36198918 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Physiochemical degradation of therapeutic proteins in vivo during plasma circulation after administration can have a detrimental effect on their efficacy and safety profile. During drug product development, in vivo animal studies are necessary to explore in vivo protein behaviour. However, these studies are very demanding and expensive, and the industry is working to decrease the number of in vivo studies. Consequently, there is considerable interest in the development of methods to pre-screen the behaviour of therapeutic proteins in vivo using in vitro analysis. In this work, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were combined to develop a novel analytical methodology for predicting the behaviour of therapeutic proteins in vivo. The method was tested with two proteins, a monoclonal antibody and a serum albumin binding affibody. After incubation of the proteins in plasma, the method was successfully used to investigate and quantify serum albumin binding, analyse changes in monoclonal antibody size, and identify and quantify monoclonal antibody aggregates.
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70
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Ionic liquids as protein stabilizers for biological and biomedical applications: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Mohgan R, Jong JSJ, David RN, Ngan WY, Chin TL, Ting S, Kesharwani P, Gorain B. Dendrimer-based delivery of macromolecules for the treatment of brain tumor. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213118. [PMID: 36182834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor represents the most lethal form of cancer with the highest mortality and morbidity rates irrespective of age and sex. Advancements in macromolecule-based therapy (such as nucleic acids and peptides) have shown promising roles in the treatment of brain tumor where the phenomenon of severe toxicities due to the conventional chemotherapeutic agents can be circumvented. Despite its preclinical progress, successful targeting of these macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier without altering their physical and chemical characteristics is of great challenge. With the advent of nanotechnology, nowadays targeted delivery of therapeutics is being explored extensively and these macromolecules, including peptides and nucleic acids, have shown initial success in the treatment, where dendrimer has shown its potential for optimal delivery. Dendrimers are being favored as a mode of drug delivery due to their nano-spherical size and structure, high solubilization potential, multivalent surface, and high loading capacity, where biomolecule resembling characteristics of dendritic 3D structures has shown effective delivery of various therapeutic agents to the brain. Armed with targeting ligands to these dendrimers further expedite the transportation of these multifunctional shuttles specifically to the glioblastoma cells. Thus, a focus has been made in this review on therapeutic applications of dendrimer platforms in brain tumor treatment. The future development of dendrimers as a potential platform for nucleic acid and peptide delivery and its promising clinical application could provide effective and target-specific treatment against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, SSH 17, Jant, Haryana 123031, India.
| | - Raxshanaa Mohgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jim Sii Jack Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roshini Nicole David
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yi Ngan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Liang Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shereen Ting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Lee SH, Yap WX, Jiang CQZ, Ler WX, Teo JWP, Ng SK, Heng D. Designing a ‘Ready-to-Use’ powder formulation platform for the inhaled protein therapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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73
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Hu J, Shi J, Yuan Y, Li S, Zhang B, Dong H, Zhong Q, Xie Q, Bai X, Li Y. Self-fused concatenation of interferon with enhanced bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28279-28282. [PMID: 36320276 PMCID: PMC9531251 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04978c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an easy but universal protein modification approach, self-fused concatenation (SEC), to biosynthesize a set of interferon (IFN) concatemers with improved in vitro bioactivity, in vivo pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy over the monomeric IFN, and the results can be positively enhanced by the concatenated number of self-fused proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Jianquan Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijing 101149China
| | - Yeshuang Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Haitao Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Qiu Xie
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Xiaoyin Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
| | - Yingxing Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China
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Gelb M, Messina KMM, Vinciguerra D, Ko JH, Collins J, Tamboline M, Xu S, Ibarrondo FJ, Maynard HD. Poly(trehalose methacrylate) as an Excipient for Insulin Stabilization: Mechanism and Safety. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37410-37423. [PMID: 35968684 PMCID: PMC9412841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, the oldest U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved recombinant protein and a World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicine for treating diabetes globally, faces challenges due to its storage instability. One approach to stabilize insulin is the addition of poly(trehalose methacrylate) (pTrMA) as an excipient. The polymer increases the stability of the peptide to heat and mechanical agitation and has a low viscosity suitable for injection and pumps. However, the safety and stabilizing mechanism of pTrMA is not yet known and is required to understand the potential suitability of pTrMA as an insulin excipient. Herein is reported the immune response, biodistribution, and insulin plasma lifetime in mice, as well as investigation into insulin stabilization. pTrMA alone or formulated with ovalbumin did not elicit an antibody response over 3 weeks in mice, and there was no observable cytokine production in response to pTrMA. Micropositron emission tomography/microcomputer tomography of 64Cu-labeled pTrMA showed excretion of 78-79% ID/cc within 24 h and minimal liver accumulation at 6-8% ID/cc when studied out to 120 h. Further, the plasma lifetime of insulin in mice was not altered by added pTrMA. Formulating insulin with 2 mol equiv of pTrMA improved the stability of insulin to standard storage conditions: 46 weeks at 4 °C yielded 87.0% intact insulin with pTrMA present as compared to 7.8% intact insulin without the polymer. The mechanism by which pTrMA-stabilized insulin was revealed to be a combination of inhibiting deamidation of amino acid residues and preventing fibrillation, followed by aggregation of inactive and immunogenic amyloids all without complexing insulin into its hexameric state, which could delay the onset of insulin activity. Based on the data reported here, we suggest that pTrMA stabilizes insulin as an excipient without adverse effects in vivo and is promising to investigate further for the safe formulation of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline
B. Gelb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M. M. Messina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniele Vinciguerra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular
Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, United States
| | - Mikayla Tamboline
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular
Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, United States
| | - Shili Xu
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular
Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, United States
| | - F. Javier Ibarrondo
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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The Potential of Pharmaceutical Hydrogels in the Formulation of Topical Administration Hormone Drugs. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163307. [PMID: 36015564 PMCID: PMC9413899 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to their potential use in treatment of many diseases. Their ability to have a multidirectional effect leads to searching for new and increasingly effective drugs and therapies. Limitations in formulating drug forms containing hormones are mainly due to their low enzymatic stability, short half-life and limited bioavailability. One of the solutions may be to develop a hydrogel as a potential hormone carrier, for epidermal and transdermal application. This review discusses the main research directions in developing this drug formulation. The factors determining the action of hormones as drugs are presented. An analysis of hydrogel substrates and permeation enhancers that have the potential to enhance the efficacy of hormones applied to the skin is reviewed.
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76
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Saurabh S, Kalonia C, Li Z, Hollowell P, Waigh T, Li P, Webster J, Seddon JM, Lu JR, Bresme F. Understanding the Stabilizing Effect of Histidine on mAb Aggregation: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3288-3303. [PMID: 35946408 PMCID: PMC9449975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Histidine, a widely used buffer in monoclonal antibody
(mAb) formulations,
is known to reduce antibody aggregation. While experimental studies
suggest a nonelectrostatic, nonstructural (relating to secondary structure
preservation) origin of the phenomenon, the underlying microscopic
mechanism behind the histidine action is still unknown. Understanding
this mechanism will help evaluate and predict the stabilizing effect
of this buffer under different experimental conditions and for different
mAbs. We have used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and contact-based
free energy calculations to investigate molecular-level interactions
between the histidine buffer and mAbs, which lead to the observed
stability of therapeutic formulations in the presence of histidine.
We reformulate the Spatial Aggregation Propensity index by including
the buffer–protein interactions. The buffer adsorption on the
protein surface leads to lower exposure of the hydrophobic regions
to water. Our analysis indicates that the mechanism behind the stabilizing
action of histidine is connected to the shielding of the solvent-exposed
hydrophobic regions on the protein surface by the buffer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Saurabh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Cavan Kalonia
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg 20878, Maryland, United States
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peter Hollowell
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Thomas Waigh
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peixun Li
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - John Webster
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jian R Lu
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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77
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Ko JH, Forsythe NL, Gelb MB, Messina KMM, Lau UY, Bhattacharya A, Olafsen T, Lee JT, Kelly KA, Maynard HD. Safety and Biodistribution Profile of Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) and Its Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Conjugate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3383-3395. [PMID: 35767465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) (pSAT), composed of trehalose side chains linked to a polystyrene backbone via acetals, stabilizes a variety of proteins and enzymes against fluctuations in temperature. A promising application of pSAT is conjugation of the polymer to therapeutic proteins to reduce renal clearance. To explore this possibility, the safety of the polymer was first studied. Investigation of acute toxicity of pSAT in mice showed that there were no adverse effects of the polymer at a high (10 mg/kg) concentration. The immune response (antipolymer antibody and cytokine production) in mice was also studied. No significant antipolymer IgG was detected for pSAT, and only a transient and low level of IgM was elicited. pSAT was also safe in terms of cytokine response. The polymer was then conjugated to a granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), a therapeutic protein that is approved by the Federal Drug Administration, in order to study the biodistribution of a pSAT conjugate. A site-selective, two-step synthesis approach was developed for efficient conjugate preparation for the biodistribution study resulting in 90% conjugation efficiency. The organ distribution of GCSF-pSAT was measured by positron emission tomography and compared to controls GCSF and GCSF-poly(ethylene glycol), which confirmed that the trehalose polymer conjugate improved the in vivo half-life of the protein by reducing renal clearance. These findings suggest that trehalose styrenyl polymers are promising for use in therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates for reduced renal clearance of the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil L Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Madeline B Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Uland Y Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathleen A Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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78
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Yakimova LS, Kunafina AF, Padnya PL, Stoikov II. Synthesis and Albumin Binding of Stereoisomers of Sulfobetaine p-tert-Butylthiacalix[4]arene Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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79
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Schöneich C. Advanced Oxidation Processes in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Photo-Fenton Degradation of Peptides and Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158262. [PMID: 35897838 PMCID: PMC9332834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulations of therapeutic proteins are sensitive to photo-degradation by near UV and visible light. Mechanistically, especially the processes leading to protein modification under visible light exposure are not understood. Potentially, these processes may be triggered by a ligand to metal charge transfer in excipient-metal complexes. This article summarizes recent analytical and mechanistic work on such reactions under experimental conditions relevant to pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Simons Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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80
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Li D, Chen P, Dong Q, Liu B, Zhang W, Wei DQ, Guo B. Investigating the stabilisation of IFN-α2a by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:232. [PMID: 35882698 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Current biopharmaceutical drugs are mainly a class of peptides or proteins that play an essential role in the treatment of many diseases. Such peptides/proteins are usually thermally unstable and may lose their bioactivity when exposed to ambient conditions. Therefore, they are not suitable for long-term storage. Lyophilisation is the most common method to prolong shelf life of solid peptide/protein drugs; however, the freeze-drying process can lead to irreversible damage. In the present study, human interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-α2a) was selected as a model protein drug; four disaccharides (β-lactose, β-maltose, sucrose, and trehalose) were selected as bioactive protectants. We investigated the effects of different protectants on IFN-α2a under various ambient conditions (vacuum, dry state, and aqueous solution) using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation. The protective effect of β-maltose on IFN-α2a was the highest in aqueous solution and dry state, β-lactose showed a poor protective effect in all three conditions, the performance of sucrose was good in all conditions, and trehalose showed a better protective effect under vacuum conditions and in aqueous solution. Disaccharides form H-bonds with water, thereby preventing water from the tertiary structure of proteins. Trehalose forms strong H-bonds with water which explains its extraordinary stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Li
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 20093, China.
| | - Peiqin Chen
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 20093, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 20093, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 20093, China
| | - Wujie Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center On Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baisong Guo
- Injection Laboratory, Shanghai Tofflon Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, 201108, China
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81
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Ai Y, Xu J, Gunawardena HP, Zare RN, Chen H. Investigation of Tryptic Protein Digestion in Microdroplets and in Bulk Solution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1238-1249. [PMID: 35647885 PMCID: PMC10512443 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that ultrafast enzymatic digestion of proteins can be achieved in microdroplet within 250 μs. Further investigation of peptides resulting from microdroplet digestion (MD) would be necessary to evaluate it as an alternative to the conventional bulk digestion for bottom-up and biotherapeutic protein characterization. Herein we examined and compared protein tryptic digestion in both MD and bulk solution. In the case of MD of β-lactoglobulin B, the preservation of long peptides was observed due to the short digestion time. In addition, MD is applicable to digest both high- and low-abundance proteins in mixture. In the case of digesting NIST 8671 mAb antibody containing a low level of commonly encountered host cell protein (HCP) PLBL2 (mAb:PLBL2 = 100:1 by weight), MD produced lower levels of digestion-induced chemical modifications of asparagine/glutamine deamidation, compared with overnight digestion. No significant difference between MD and bulk digestion was observed in terms of trypsin digestion specificity based on examination of semi- and unspecific-cleaved peptides. Our study suggests that MD, a fast digestion approach, could be adopted for bottom-up proteomics research and for peptide mapping of mAbs to characterize site-specific deamidation and glycosylation, for the purpose of development of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Ai
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Jeffrey Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Harsha P. Gunawardena
- Janssen Research & Development, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, USA
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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82
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Kloczewiak M, Banks JM, Jin L, Brader ML. A Biopharmaceutical Perspective on Higher-Order Structure and Thermal Stability of mRNA Vaccines. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2022-2031. [PMID: 35715255 PMCID: PMC9257798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of the integrity of macromolecular higher-order structure is a tenet central to achieving biologic drug and vaccine product stability toward manufacturing, distribution, storage, handling, and administration. Given that mRNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are held together by an intricate ensemble of weak forces, there are some intriguing parallels to biologic drugs, at least at first glance. However, mRNA vaccines are not without unique formulation and stabilization challenges derived from the instability of unmodified mRNA and its limited history as a drug or vaccine. Since certain learning gained from biologic drug development may be applicable for the improvement of mRNA vaccines, we present a perspective on parallels and contrasts between the emerging role of higher-order structure pertaining to mRNA-LNPs compared to pharmaceutical proteins. In a recent publication, the location of mRNA encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles was identified, revealing new insights into the LNP structure, nanoheterogeneity, and microenvironment of the encapsulated mRNA molecules [Brader et al. Biophys. J. 2021, 120, 2766]. We extend those findings by considering the effect of encapsulation on mRNA thermal unfolding with the observation that encapsulation in LNPs increases mRNA unfolding temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kloczewiak
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica M. Banks
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lin Jin
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark L. Brader
- Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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83
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Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose derivatives stabilize fragment antibody against aggregation in spray dried formulations at elevated temperature and resist pH changes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 178:105-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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84
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Identification and characterization of chemical and physical stability of insulin formulations utilizing degraded glycerol after repeated use and storage. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:147-156. [PMID: 35779744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin treatment is currently considered to be the main strategy for controlling diabetes. Although the recombinant insulin formulation is relatively mature, we found that a batch of insulin formulation exhibited an unusual degradation rate in the stability experiment. The main purposes of this article are to identify the root cause for this phenomenon and characterize of chemical and physical degradation products. We compared the chemical and physical stability of two batches of insulin formulations prepared separately with simulated repeated use and freshly opened glycerol. The chemical stability of insulin was identified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- MS/MS). Micro-flow imaging (MFI), far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (Far-UV CD) and Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescent assays were used to reveal protein aggregation and fibrosis. The chemical and physical stability of the insulin formulation with newly opened glycerol was much better than that with degraded glycerol, and both groups of formulations were extremely sensitive to light. The results indicated that the original batch insulin formulation with abnormal stability was indeed caused by the excipient glycerol after long-term storage and repeated usage. More attention should be paid to the quality changes of excipients during repeated usage and storage of excipients for the practical purpose. Moreover, we have discovered a novel degradation pathway for insulin and peptides in general. In addition, LC-MS/MS results suggested that the N-terminus of insulin B-chain was prone to chemical degradation which enlightens that it could be potentially modified to improve the stability of insulin formulations.
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85
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Johannsen B, Baumgartner D, Karkossa L, Paust N, Karpíšek M, Bostanci N, Zengerle R, Mitsakakis K. ImmunoDisk—A Fully Automated Bead-Based Immunoassay Cartridge with All Reagents Pre-Stored. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060413. [PMID: 35735560 PMCID: PMC9221266 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the ImmunoDisk, a fully automated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic cartridge, integrating a heterogeneous, wash-free, magnetic- and fluorescent bead-based immunoassay (bound-free phase detection immunoassay/BFPD-IA). The BFPD-IA allows the implementation of a simple fluidic structure, where the assay incubation, bead separation and detection are performed in the same chamber. The system was characterized using a C-reactive protein (CRP) competitive immunoassay. A parametric investigation on air drying of protein-coupled beads for pre-storage at room temperature is presented. The key parameters were buffer composition, drying temperature and duration. A protocol for drying two different types of protein-coupled beads with the same temperature and duration using different drying buffers is presented. The sample-to-answer workflow was demonstrated measuring CRP in 5 µL of human serum, without prior dilution, utilizing only one incubation step, in 20 min turnaround time, in the clinically relevant concentration range of 15–115 mg/L. A reproducibility assessment over three disk batches revealed an average signal coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.8 ± 1.3%. A CRP certified reference material was used for method verification with a concentration CV of 8.6%. Our results encourage future testing of the CRP-ImmunoDisk in clinical studies and its point-of-care implementation in many diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
| | - Desirée Baumgartner
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Lena Karkossa
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
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86
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Guncheva M. Role of ionic liquids on stabilization of therapeutic proteins and model proteins. Protein J 2022; 41:369-380. [PMID: 35661292 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit potential as excipients to stabilize proteins in solutions. This mini-review is not a detailed reference book on ILs, rather a brief overview of the main achievements published in the literature on their effect on protein aggregation, unfolding, structural and thermal stability, and activity. The main focus of the manuscript is three widely studied groups of ionic liquids: imidazolium-, cholinium- and alkylammonium-based and their effect on the model and therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Guncheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 9, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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87
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Rosi BP, D’Angelo A, Buratti E, Zanatta M, Tavagnacco L, Natali F, Zamponi M, Noferini D, Corezzi S, Zaccarelli E, Comez L, Sacchetti F, Paciaroni A, Petrillo C, Orecchini A. Impact of the Environment on the PNIPAM Dynamical Transition Probed by Elastic Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta P. Rosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna D’Angelo
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 510 Rue André Rivière, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Elena Buratti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-ISC c/o Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Zanatta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Letizia Tavagnacco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-ISC c/o Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Natali
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
- CNR-IOM, OGG, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Michaela Zamponi
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Daria Noferini
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Silvia Corezzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-ISC c/o Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Comez
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, CNR-IOM c/o Università di Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Orecchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, CNR-IOM c/o Università di Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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88
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Comparison of the Purity and Impurity of Glucagon-for-Injection Products under Various Stability Conditions. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon is a polypeptide hormone that serves as an essential therapeutic agent in the emergency treatment of hypoglycemia. Recently, the first generic glucagon for injection was approved. However, unlike its brand name counterpart, which is produced via recombinant DNA, the generic glucagon is produced using a chemical synthesis method. Regardless of its origin, impurities may occur in both glucagon drug products. While these impurities may greatly compromise the safety and efficacy of the glucagon drug products, studies accessing the impurities of glucagon for injection are limited. This manuscript analyzed the stability and impurities of a generic and brand glucagon for injection, including desamido and non-desamido impurities, under various storage and temperature conditions using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography method. The glucagon products were analyzed after 6 and 24 months of storage under room temperatures (20–25 °C). In addition, the products were also assessed after 6 months of storage under high temperatures (40 °C). Under each stability storage condition, three lots of the synthetic glucagon were evaluated by UPLC with at least one lot of the recombinant glucagon for comparison. A total of 37 peaks were identified (except for the solvent peaks, which appeared at retention times less than 1.5 min) from the synthetic and recombinant glucagon lots. It was found that the number of impurities observed in the synthetic glucagon were lower than the referenced recombinant glucagon across all stability conditions. Throughout all tested conditions, the synthetic glucagon for injection had an averaged purity of 92.8–99.3%, while the referenced recombinant drug had an averaged purity of 70.3–91.7%. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the impurity profile for the synthetic glucagon for injection has a comparable and even lower level of impurities than the recombinant version under all stability conditions.
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89
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Fongaro B, Cian V, Gabaldo F, De Paoli G, Miolo G, Polverino de Laureto P. Managing antibody stability: effects of stressors on Ipilimumab from the commercial formulation to diluted solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:54-74. [PMID: 35595030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the monoclonal antibody Ipilimumab, the active ingredient of Yervoy®, used for the treatment of different types of cancer, has been investigated. Shaking/temperature, light exposure and dilution, protein drug renowned stressors, were applied on a 30-45-day series of experiments to observe the physicochemical and biological behavior of the molecule. Ipilimumab demonstrated stability under shaking and heat up to 45 days, without any unfolding during the induced combined stressors. Under artificial sunlight, the mAb showed to be sensitive even under the minimum dose tested (720 kJ/m2) with formation of aggregates, particularly when diluted in glucose solution. The light-induced soluble aggregates were higher in the case of diluted samples irradiated with much higher light doses (10460 kJ/m2). The aggregation of Ipilimumab took place also by irradiating the non-diluted formulation, indicating that the excipients did not protect completely the drug from photodegradation. Amino acid oxidation and deamidation were found. Anyway, after irradiation with both light doses, soluble Ipilimumab maintained its typical β-sheets structure, and the tertiary structure was nearly maintained compared to the dark. As an additional stressor test, the effect of dilution on the formulation was monitored by using a saline solution (1 mg/mL Ipilimumab) applied during hospital infusion. After two days from dilution, the protein exhibited aggregation and chemical modifications including oxidation and deamidation. When stability conditions were compromised, the viability of human cell lines treated with the stressed formulation slight decreased suggesting low potential biological toxicity of the modified mAb. As this study has demonstrated the susceptibility of Ipilimumab to light, specific solutions, and excipients as well as the use of safe light in manufacturing, handling, and storage of this drug should be promoted. Moreover, the use of proper primary and secondary packaging should be indicated to avoid the detrimental effect of light on the mAb structure and efficacy. A detailed understanding of Ipilimumab physicochemical properties, integrity, and stability could assure the best storage and manipulation conditions for its safe and successful application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Fongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Cian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Gabaldo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Paoli
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee Nethergate, Dundee, Scotland DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Giorgia Miolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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90
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Factors influencing degradation kinetics of mRNAs and half-lives of microRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs in blood in vitro using quantitative PCR. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7259. [PMID: 35508612 PMCID: PMC9068688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAs are rapidly degraded in samples and during collection, processing and testing. In this study, we used the same method to explore the half-lives of different RNAs and the influencing factors, and compared the degradation kinetics and characteristics of different RNAs in whole blood and experimental samples. Fresh anticoagulant blood samples were incubated at room temperature for different durations, RNAs were extracted, and genes, including internal references, were amplified by real-time quantitative PCR. A linear half-life model was established according to cycle threshold (Ct) values. The effects of experimental operations on RNA degradation before and after RNA extraction were explored. Quantitative analysis of mRNA degradation in samples and during experimental processes were explored using an orthogonal experimental design. The storage duration of blood samples at room temperature had the greatest influence on RNA degradation. The half-lives of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was 16.4 h. The half-lives of circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were 24.56 ± 5.2 h, 17.46 ± 3.0 h and 16.42 ± 4.2 h, respectively. RNA degradation occurred mainly in blood samples. The half-life of mRNAs was the shortest among the four kinds of RNAs. Quantitative experiments related to mRNAs should be completed within 2 h. The half-lives of circRNAs and lncRNAs were longer than those of the former two.
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91
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Srivastava A, O'Dell C, Bolessa E, McLinden S, Fortin L, Deorkar N. Viscosity reduction and stability enhancement of monoclonal antibody formulations using derivatives of amino acids. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2848-2856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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92
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Sharma N, Kukreja D, Giri T, Kumar S, Shah RP. Synthetic pharmaceutical peptides characterization by chromatography principles and method development. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2200-2216. [PMID: 35460196 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As per United States Food and Drug Administration, any polymer/chain composed of 40 or fewer amino acids is called as a peptide, where more than 40 amino acids are considered as proteins. In many occasions there is a change in the source of manufacturing of the peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient, where one has to prove the sameness of that product with the existing formulation by considering several aspects like presence of impurities/degradation products, extent of aggregations etc. For the same, several chromatographic characterization techniques such as; Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/high resolution mass spectrometry, supercritical fluid chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography etc are widely used in pharmaceutical industry. It is well known that the method development of peptide molecules is often challenging as many variables are to be kept in mind which can affect the separation, recovery and stability of molecule. The present review focuses on the basics of peptide degradation and method development by using various chromatographic techniques for characterization. It also covers a deep insight of method development parameters and variables to be considered which might directly or indirectly affect the chromatographic separation and recovery, and also provides a guide on selection of chromatographic parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Sharma
- The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Government of India), Opposite Air force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, INDIA
| | - Divya Kukreja
- The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Government of India), Opposite Air force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, INDIA
| | - Tushar Giri
- The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Government of India), Opposite Air force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, INDIA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Government of India), Opposite Air force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, INDIA
| | - Ravi P Shah
- The National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Government of India), Opposite Air force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, INDIA
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93
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Process- and Product-Related Foulants in Virus Filtration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040155. [PMID: 35447715 PMCID: PMC9030149 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory authorities place stringent guidelines on the removal of contaminants during the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products. Monoclonal antibodies, Fc-fusion proteins, and other mammalian cell-derived biotherapeutics are heterogeneous molecules that are validated based on the production process and not on molecular homogeneity. Validation of clearance of potential contamination by viruses is a major challenge during the downstream purification of these therapeutics. Virus filtration is a single-use, size-based separation process in which the contaminating virus particles are retained while the therapeutic molecules pass through the membrane pores. Virus filtration is routinely used as part of the overall virus clearance strategy. Compromised performance of virus filters due to membrane fouling, low throughput and reduced viral clearance, is of considerable industrial significance and is frequently a major challenge. This review shows how components generated during cell culture, contaminants, and product variants can affect virus filtration of mammalian cell-derived biologics. Cell culture-derived foulants include host cell proteins, proteases, and endotoxins. We also provide mitigation measures for each potential foulant.
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94
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Meyer RM, Aleshkevich S, Berger L, Nerkamp J, Scheler S, Friess W. Characterization of the Aggregation Propensity of Charge Variants of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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95
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Barinov NA, Pavlova ER, Tolstova AP, Matveeva AG, Moskalets AP, Dubrovin EV, Klinov DV. Myeloperoxidase-induced fibrinogen unfolding and clotting. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2537-2548. [PMID: 35315962 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Due to its unique properties and high biomedical relevance fibrinogen is a promising protein for the development of various matrixes and scaffolds for biotechnological applications. Fibrinogen molecules may form extensive clots either upon specific cleavage by thrombin or in thrombin-free environment, for example, in the presence of different salts. Here, we report the novel type of non-conventional fibrinogen clot formation, which is mediated by myeloperoxidase and takes place even at low fibrinogen concentrations (<0.1 mg/ml). We have revealed fibrillar nature of myeloperoxidase-mediated fibrinogen clots, which differ morphologically from fibrin clots. We have shown that fibrinogen clotting is mediated by direct interaction of myeloperoxidase molecules with the outer globular regions of fibrinogen molecules followed by fibrinogen unfolding from its natural trinodular to a fibrillar structure. We have demonstrated a major role of the Debye screening effect in regulating of myeloperoxidase-induced fibrinogen clotting, which is facilitated by small ionic strength. While fibrinogen in an aqueous solution with myeloperoxidase undergoes changes, the enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase is not inhibited in excess of fibrinogen. The obtained results open new insights into fibrinogen clotting, give new possibilities for the development of fibrinogen-based functional biomaterials, and provide the novel concepts of protein unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Barinov
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Scientific and educational resource center for innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis (molecular morphology), Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta R Pavlova
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Scientific and educational resource center for innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis (molecular morphology), Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P Tolstova
- Laboratory of protein conformational polymorphism in health and disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ainur G Matveeva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Scientific and educational resource center for innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis (molecular morphology), Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr P Moskalets
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy V Dubrovin
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Scientific and educational resource center for innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis (molecular morphology), Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Klinov
- Department of Biophysics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Scientific and educational resource center for innovative technologies of immunophenotyping, digital spatial profiling and ultrastructural analysis (molecular morphology), Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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96
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Kyu Ko S, Berner C, Kulakova A, Schneider M, Antes I, Winter G, Harris P, Peters GH. Investigation of the pH-dependent aggregation mechanisms of GCSF using low resolution protein characterization techniques and advanced molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1439-1455. [PMID: 35386098 PMCID: PMC8956964 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is a widely used therapeutic protein to treat neutropenia. GCSF has an increased propensity to aggregate if the pH is increased above 5.0. Although GCSF is very well experimentally characterized, the exact pH-dependent aggregation mechanism of GCSF is still under debate. This study aimed to model the complex pH-dependent aggregation behavior of GCSF using state-of-the-art simulation techniques. The conformational stability of GCSF was investigated by performing metadynamics simulations, while the protein-protein interactions were investigated using coarse-grained (CG) simulations of multiple GCSF monomers. The CG simulations were directly compared with small-angle X-ray (SAXS) data. The metadynamics simulations demonstrated that the orientations of Trp residues in GCSF are dependent on pH. The conformational change of Trp residues is due to the loss of Trp-His interactions at the physiological pH, which in turn may increase protein flexibility. The helical structure of GCSF was not affected by the pH conditions of the simulations. Our CG simulations indicate that at pH 4.0, the colloidal stability may be more important than the conformational stability of GCSF. The electrostatic potential surface and CG simulations suggested that the basic residues are mainly responsible for colloidal stability as deprotonation of these residues causes a reduction of the highly positively charged electrostatic barrier close to the aggregation-prone long loop regions.
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97
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Adinortey CA, Kwarko GB, Koranteng R, Boison D, Obuaba I, Wilson MD, Kwofie SK. Molecular Structure-Based Screening of the Constituents of Calotropis procera Identifies Potential Inhibitors of Diabetes Mellitus Target Alpha Glucosidase. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:963-987. [PMID: 35723349 PMCID: PMC8928985 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by higher levels of blood glucose due to impaired insulin mechanisms. Alpha glucosidase is a critical drug target implicated in the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus and its inhibition controls hyperglycemia. Since the existing standard synthetic drugs have therapeutic limitations, it is imperative to identify new potent inhibitors of natural product origin which may slow carbohydrate digestion and absorption via alpha glucosidase. Since plant extracts from Calotropis procera have been extensively used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, the present study used molecular docking and dynamics simulation techniques to screen its constituents against the receptor alpha glucosidase. Taraxasterol, syriogenin, isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside and calotoxin were identified as potential novel lead compounds with plausible binding energies of −40.2, −35.1, −34.3 and −34.3 kJ/mol against alpha glucosidase, respectively. The residues Trp481, Asp518, Leu677, Leu678 and Leu680 were identified as critical for binding and the compounds were predicted as alpha glucosidase inhibitors. Structurally similar compounds with Tanimoto coefficients greater than 0.7 were reported experimentally to be inhibitors of alpha glucosidase or antidiabetic. The structures of the molecules may serve as templates for the design of novel inhibitors and warrant in vitro assaying to corroborate their antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Adinortey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 033, Ghana;
| | - Gabriel B. Kwarko
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 54, Ghana;
| | - Russell Koranteng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana;
| | - Daniel Boison
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 033, Ghana; (D.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Issaka Obuaba
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 033, Ghana; (D.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana;
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 54, Ghana;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-203-797922
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98
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Long-Term Stability Prediction for Developability Assessment of Biopharmaceutics Using Advanced Kinetic Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020375. [PMID: 35214107 PMCID: PMC8880208 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial aspect of pharmaceutical development is the demonstration of long-term stability of the drug product. Biopharmaceuticals, such as proteins or peptides in liquid formulation, are typically administered via parental routes and should be stable over the shelf life, which generally includes a storing period (e.g., two years at 5 °C) and optionally an in-use period (e.g., 28 days at 30 °C). Herein, we present a case study where chemical degradation of SAR441255, a therapeutic peptide, in different formulations in combination with primary packaging materials was analyzed under accelerated conditions to derive long-term stability predictions for the recommended storing conditions (two years at 5 °C plus 28 days at 30 °C) using advanced kinetic modeling. These predictions served as a crucial decision parameter for the entry into clinical development. Comparison with analytical data measured under long-term conditions during the subsequent development phase demonstrated a high prediction accuracy. These predictions provided stability insights within weeks that would otherwise take years using measurements under long-term stability conditions only. To our knowledge, such in silico studies on stability predictions of a therapeutic peptide using accelerated chemical degradation data and advanced kinetic modeling with comparisons to subsequently measured real-life long-term stability data have not been described in literature before.
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99
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Naik J, Kulkarni D, Kadu P, Pandya A, Kale P. Use of In silico tools for screening buffers to overcome physical instability of Abatacept. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101551. [PMID: 35122959 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. Abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) is used for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. Abatacept is a monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies undergo chemical (e.g. oxidation, deamidation, hydrolysis) and physical (e.g. aggregation, unfolding) instabilities while handling and storage. Abatacept is also prone to aggregation. Stabilizing agents such as buffers are used to stabilize monoclonal antibodies. But, the selection of the appropriate buffer is a time-consuming process because after testing many buffers based on the analysis of the results the appropriate buffer is identified. To overcome this issue in the current study computational tools were utilized to virtually screen different buffers to select the appropriate buffer. Ligand binding is the principal mechanism of conformational stability of proteins. For the buffers as well ligand binding is the most common mechanism for enhancing the thermodynamic stability of proteins. Generally it is observed that by enhancing the thermodynamic stability there is reduction in the rate of aggregation of proteins. Buffer (ligand) binds to the native state of the protein preferentially; it results in stabilization of the protein, while in the case of denatured protein it has no impact. There are many studies conducted involving the proteins in buffer solutions but very limited information is available about the mechanism of protein-buffer interactions. In the current study ligand binding mechanism of protein - buffer interaction was studied using molecular docking. After the docking buffers were ranked according to their energy value. The lower energy scores represent better protein-buffer (ligand) binding affinity compared to high energy values. It was observed that Phosphate with a binding affinity of -107.9 kcal/mol was the buffer with the least binding energy followed by Citrate (-70.6 kcal/mol), Melglumine (-66.6 kcal/mol), Arginine (-64.5 kcal/mol), Glucono delta lactone (-62.6 kcal/mol), Sodium citrate (-56.5 kcal/mol), Tromethamine (-52.3 kcal/mol), Glycine HCl (-37.2 kcal/mol), Sulfuric acid (-37.7 kcal/mol), Ammonium acetate (-31.1 kcal/mol), Acetic acid (-30.7 kcal/mol). With lower binding energy higher is the affinity between the ligand and protein. So phosphate was identified as a buffer with the highest affinity with Abatacept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Naik
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Duttraj Kulkarni
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Pramod Kadu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India.
| | - Aditya Pandya
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Pravin Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
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100
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Walther J, Wilbie D, Tissingh VSJ, Öktem M, van der Veen H, Lou B, Mastrobattista E. Impact of Formulation Conditions on Lipid Nanoparticle Characteristics and Functional Delivery of CRISPR RNP for Gene Knock-Out and Correction. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010213. [PMID: 35057110 PMCID: PMC8778360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system is an emerging therapeutic tool with the potential to correct diverse genetic disorders. However, for gene therapy applications, an efficient delivery vehicle is required, capable of delivering the CRISPR-Cas9 components into the cytosol of the intended target cell population. In this study, we optimized the formulation conditions of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for delivery of ready-made CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleic protein (RNP). The buffer composition during complexation and relative DOTAP concentrations were varied for LNP encapsulating in-house produced Cas9 RNP alone or Cas9 RNP with additional template DNA for gene correction. The LNP were characterized for size, surface charge, and plasma interaction through asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4). Particles were functionally screened on fluorescent reporter cell lines for gene knock-out and gene correction. This revealed incompatibility of RNP with citrate buffer and PBS. We demonstrated that LNP for gene knock-out did not necessarily require DOTAP, while LNP for gene correction were only active with a low concentration of DOTAP. The AF4 studies additionally revealed that LNP interact with plasma, however, remain stable, whereby HDR template seems to favor stability of LNP. Under optimal formulation conditions, we achieved gene knock-out and gene correction efficiencies as high as 80% and 20%, respectively, at nanomolar concentrations of the CRISPR-Cas9 RNP.
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