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Fincheira P, Quiroz A. Microbial volatiles as plant growth inducers. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:63-75. [PMID: 29551213 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices require novel products that allow sustainable development and commercial production according to the needs of farmers and consumers. Therefore, in the last decade, eco-friendly alternatives have been studied, so volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms have emerged as a cheaper, effective, efficient, and an eco-friendly alternative. VOCs are lipophilic compounds derived from microbial metabolic pathways with low molecular weight (<300 g mol-1), low boiling point, and high vapor pressure that allow them to act as signal molecules over short and long distances. Main case studies provide evidence that VOCs released from diverse microorganisms (i.e. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Fusarium, and Alternaria) can stimulate growth on a specific "target" seedling, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco. Some identified compounds, such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2,3-butanediol, 2-pentylfuran, or dimethylhexadecylmine have shown their ability to elicit growth at root or leaf level. Few studies indicate that VOCs act in the regulation at phytohormone, metabolic pathways and nutrition levels according to genetic, proteomic, and metabolic analyses; but action mechanisms associated with growth-inducing activity are poorly understood. In this work, we reviewed case studies regarding identified compounds and action mechanisms for a better understanding of the information collected so far. Additionally, a brief description about the effects of VOCs for induction of resistance and tolerance in plants are presented, where compounds such as acetoin, dimethyl disulfide, 3-pentanol and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone have been reported. Furthermore, we summarized the knowledge to direct future studies that propose microbial VOCs as a technological innovation in agriculture and horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fincheira
- Ecological Chemistry Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Biotechnology Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA, for its acronyn in Spanish), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Ecological Chemistry Laboratory, Center for Excellence in Biotechnology Research Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA, for its acronyn in Spanish), Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Kim JS, Lee JE, Nie H, Lee YJ, Kim ST, Kim SH. Physiological and proteomic analysis of plant growth enhancement by the rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. JS. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:129-136. [PMID: 29892922 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Bacillus sp. JS on the growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'Xanthi') and lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Crispa'), were evaluated by comparing various growth parameters between plants treated with the bacterium and those exposed to water or nutrient broth as control. In both tobacco and lettuce, fresh weight and length of shoots were increased upon exposure to Bacillus sp. JS. To explain the overall de novo expression of plant proteins by bacterial volatiles, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed on samples from PGPR-treated tobacco plants. Our results showed that chlorophyll a/b binding proteins were significantly up-regulated, and total chlorophyll content was also increased. Our findings indicate the potential benefits of using Bacillus sp. JS as a growth-promoting factor in agricultural practice, and highlight the need for further research to explore these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seong Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hualin Nie
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, The University of Seoul, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea.
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Rath M, Mitchell TR, Gold SE. Volatiles produced by Bacillus mojavensis RRC101 act as plant growth modulators and are strongly culture-dependent. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:76-84. [PMID: 29551214 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria have recently been investigated due to their role in plant growth promotion and defense. Whereas some bacterial VOCs like 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin) and 2,3-butanediol produced by strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promote plant growth, others like hydrogen cyanide and 3-phenylpropionic acid are phytotoxic, inhibiting plant growth. Bacillus mojavensis, a close relative of B. subtilis, is an endophytic bacterium of maize that has been shown to have antagonistic activity against the mycotoxigenic phytopathogen Fusarium verticillioides and growth promotion activity on maize seedlings. To investigate the growth promotion activity of B. mojavensis, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were grown on 1/2x Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium in divided Petri dishes while bacteria were grown either on 1/2x MS or nutrient agar (NA) medium, so that only microbial volatiles reached the seedlings. Significant plant growth promotion in Arabidopsis seedlings was observed when 1/2x MS medium was used for bacterial growth. In contrast, phytotoxicity was observed with bacterial growth on NA medium. These results indicate that VOCs produced by B. mojavensis may act as plant growth modulators rather than just promoters. Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS, the plant growth promoting compounds acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were both identified as being produced by B. mojavensis on growth promoting 1/2x MS medium. In contrast, while no phytotoxic VOC was conclusively identified from B. mojavensis on NA medium, detection of relatively high levels of acetone/2-propanone indicates its possible contribution to Arabidopsis phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rath
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - T R Mitchell
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - S E Gold
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States.
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Xie S, Zang H, Wu H, Uddin Rajer F, Gao X. Antibacterial effects of volatiles produced by Bacillus strain D13 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:49-58. [PMID: 27682316 PMCID: PMC6637998 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated that bacteria employ the volatile compounds they produce during interactions with other organisms, such as plants, fungi, nematodes and bacteria. However, studies focused on the antibacterial activity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) volatiles against bacterial phytopathogens are still rare. In this study, Bacillus strain D13, which is antagonistic to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), was isolated and screened. Volatile compounds emitted from strain D13 reduced the colony diameter and cell motility of Xoo cultured in divided Petri plates. Transmission electron micrograph analysis showed concentration in cytoplasm and altered surface morphology in the majority of Xanthomonas cells after co-cultivation with strain D13. Transcriptional expression of virulence-associated genes in Xoo was repressed. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, 12 volatile compounds specifically produced by strain D13 were identified. Among them, decyl alcohol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol inhibited the growth of Xoo at minimum inhibitory amounts of 0.48 and 2.4 mg, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of virulence-associated genes was also repressed by decyl alcohol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol. These results are useful for a better understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Haoyu Zang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Faheem Uddin Rajer
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
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Fincheira P, Parra L, Mutis A, Parada M, Quiroz A. Volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. BCT9 act as growth modulating agents on Lactuca sativa seedlings. Microbiol Res 2017; 203:47-56. [PMID: 28754207 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemical products are applied during horticulture to increase food production, but the environmental problems resulting from these applications have led to a search for more sustainable products. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) demonstrating plant growth promoter (PGP) activity released by bacterial species have emerged as alternatives, but their effects on Lactuca sativa growth are unknown. In this study, VOCs released by Bacillus sp. BCT9 cultures grown in different media (Methyl Red & Voges Proskauer, Murashige & Skoog and nutrient media) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 (measured as the absorbance, λ=600nm) were tested to evaluate their activity as growth inducers of L. sativa after 10days of exposure. Lower concentrations of BCT9 increased root length, and higher concentrations induced shoot length and lateral root length. The dry weight and number of lateral roots increased similarly, independent of concentration, for VOCs produced in all culture media. BCT9 cultures grown in Methyl Red & Voges Proskauer medium as bioactive compounds with or without lanolin. These VOCs increased shoot length, root length and dry weight at low concentrations, independent of the presence of lanolin. Lateral root length increased with the application of 2-nonanone (50ppm) and 2-undecanone (0.05ppm). Based on these results, the use of bioactive volatiles as growth inducers of horticultural species represents an alternative or complementary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fincheira
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonardo Parra
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Maribel Parada
- Centro Biotecnológico de Estudios Microbianos (CEBEM), Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Tahir HAS, Gu Q, Wu H, Raza W, Safdar A, Huang Z, Rajer FU, Gao X. Effect of volatile compounds produced by Ralstonia solanacearum on plant growth promoting and systemic resistance inducing potential of Bacillus volatiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:133. [PMID: 28768498 PMCID: PMC5541429 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial volatiles play an expedient role in the agricultural ecological system by enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens, without causing hazardous effects on the environment. To explore the effects of VOCs of Ralstonia solanacearum TBBS1 (Rs) on tobacco plant growth and on plant growth promoting efficiency of VOCs produced by Bacillus subtilis SYST2, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in planta. RESULTS The VOCs produced by SYST2 significantly enhanced the plant growth and induced the systemic resistance (ISR) against wilt pathogen Rs in all experiments. The SYST2-VOCs significantly increased PPO and PAL activity and over-expressed the genes relating to expansin, wilt resistance, and plant defense while repressed the genes relating to ethylene production. More interestingly, VOCs produced by pathogen, Rs had no significant effect on plant growth; however, Rs-VOCs decreased the growth promoting potential of SYST2-VOCs when plants were exposed to VOCs produced by both SYST2 and Rs. The co-culture of SYST2 and Rs revealed that they inhibited the growth of each other; however, the inhibition of Rs by SYST2-VOCs appeared to be greater than that of SYST2 by Rs-VOCs. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights regarding the interaction among SYST2-VOCs, Rs-VOCs and plant, resulting in growth promotion and induced systemic resistance against the bacterial wilt pathogen Rs. This is the first report of the effect of VOCs produced by pathogenic microorganism on plant growth and on plant growth-promoting and systemic resistance-inducing potential of PGPR strain SYST2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Samad Tahir
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- Plant Pathology section, Tobacco Research station, Pakistan Tobacco Board, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of Pakistan, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Waseem Raza
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Asma Safdar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Faheem Uddin Rajer
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
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Jishma P, Hussain N, Chellappan R, Rajendran R, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Strain-specific variation in plant growth promoting volatile organic compounds production by five different Pseudomonas spp. as confirmed by response of Vigna radiata seedlings. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:204-216. [PMID: 28423218 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Analysis of a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by Pseudomonas spp. with growth-promoting effect in Vigna radiata seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS Plant growth-promoting activity of VOCs produced by five different Pseudomonas spp. was investigated by I-plate technique. VOCs produced by different organisms were extracted by various solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and butanol) and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. The major VOCs identified were undecane, nonadecane, hexacosane, tetradecane, heptacosane, pentadecane, dodecane and tetratetracontane. The cultural conditions for the production of VOCs with plant growth enhancement effect were optimized and further confirmed using pure pentadecane as a candidate VOC. CONCLUSIONS The study provides insight into plant beneficial effect of VOCs produced by Pseudomonas spp. Remarkable modulation in the production of VOCs with plant growth-promoting effect by rhizobacteria was found to be dependent on the bacterial strain and its concentration. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study describes the requirement to consider bacterial VOC production also for preparing plant probiotic formulations. As VOCs are least considered for preparation of commercial plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain formulation, the results of the study is highly significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jishma
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - N Hussain
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - R Chellappan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - R Rajendran
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - J Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Tahir HAS, Gu Q, Wu H, Raza W, Hanif A, Wu L, Colman MV, Gao X. Plant Growth Promotion by Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Bacillus subtilis SYST2. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:171. [PMID: 28223976 PMCID: PMC5293759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial volatiles play a significant role in promoting plant growth by regulating the synthesis or metabolism of phytohormones. In vitro and growth chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis strain SYST2 on hormone regulation and growth promotion in tomato plants. We observed a significant increase in plant biomass under both experimental conditions; we observed an increase in photosynthesis and in the endogenous contents of gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin, while a decrease in ethylene levels was noted. VOCs emitted by SYST2 were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Of 11 VOCs tested in glass jars containing plants in test tubes, only two, albuterol and 1,3-propanediole, were found to promote plant growth. Furthermore, tomato plants showed differential expression of genes involved in auxin (SlIAA1. SlIAA3), gibberellin (GA20ox-1), cytokinin (SlCKX1), expansin (Exp2, Exp9. Exp 18), and ethylene (ACO1) biosynthesis or metabolism in roots and leaves in response to B. subtilis SYST2 VOCs. Our findings suggest that SYST2-derived VOCs promote plant growth by triggering growth hormone activity, and provide new insights into the mechanism of plant growth promotion by bacterial VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A S Tahir
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
| | - Waseem Raza
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Alwina Hanif
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
| | - Massawe V Colman
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education Nanjing, China
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Tahir HAS, Gu Q, Wu H, Niu Y, Huo R, Gao X. Bacillus volatiles adversely affect the physiology and ultra-structure of Ralstonia solanacearum and induce systemic resistance in tobacco against bacterial wilt. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40481. [PMID: 28091587 PMCID: PMC5238454 DOI: 10.1038/srep40481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by various bacteria have significant potential to enhance plant growth and to control phytopathogens. Six of the most effective antagonistic Bacillus spp. were used in this study against Ralstonia solanacearum (Rsc) TBBS1, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 and Bacillus artrophaeus LSSC22 had the strongest inhibitory effect against Rsc. Thirteen VOCs produced by FZB42 and 10 by LSSC22 were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Benzaldehyde, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2 H)-one and 1,3-butadiene significantly inhibited the colony size, cell viability, and motility of pathogens and negatively influenced chemotaxis. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed severe morphological and ultra-structural changes in cells of Rsc. Furthermore, VOCs altered the transcriptional expression level of PhcA (a global virulence regulator), type III secretion system (T3SS), type IV secretion system (T4SS), extracellular polysaccharides and chemotaxis-related genes, which are major contributors to pathogenicity, resulting in decreased wilt disease. The VOCs significantly up-regulated the expression of genes related to wilt resistance and pathogen defense. Over-expression of EDS1 and NPR1 suggest the involvement of SA pathway in induction of systemic resistance. Our findings provide new insights regarding the potential of antibacterial VOCs as a biocontrol tool against bacterial wilt diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Samad Tahir
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuedi Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Dombrowski JE, Hollenbeck VG, Martin RC. Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Endophytes from Grasses along the Oregon Coast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2017.83040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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61
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Fincheira P, Venthur H, Mutis A, Parada M, Quiroz A. Growth promotion of Lactuca sativa in response to volatile organic compounds emitted from diverse bacterial species. Microbiol Res 2016; 193:39-47. [PMID: 27825485 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Agrochemicals are currently used in horticulture to increase crop production. Nevertheless, their indiscriminate use is a relevant issue for environmental and legal aspects. Alternative tools for reducing fertilizers and synthetic phytohormones are being investigated, such as the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as growth inducers. Some soil bacteria, such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus, stimulate Arabidopsis and tobacco growth by releasing VOCs, but their effects on vegetables have not been investigated. Lactuca sativa was used as model vegetable to investigate bacterial VOCs as growth inducers. We selected 10 bacteria strains, belonging to Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Serratia genera that are able to produce 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), a compound with proven growth promoting activity. Two-day old-seedlings of L. sativa were exposed to VOCs emitted by the selected bacteria grown in different media cultures for 7 days. The results showed that the VOCs released from the bacteria elicited an increase in the number of lateral roots, dry weight, root growth and shoot length, depending on the media used. Three Bacillus strains, BCT53, BCT9 and BCT4, were selected according to its their growth inducing capacity. The BCT9 strain elicited the greatest increases in dry weight and primary root length when L. sativa seedlings were subjected to a 10-day experiment. Finally, because acetoin only stimulated root growth, we suggest that other volatiles could be responsible for the growth promotion of L. sativa. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that bacteria volatiles can be used as growth-inducers as alternative or complementary strategies for application in horticulture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fincheira
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Herbert Venthur
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Maribel Parada
- Centro Biotecnológico de Estudios Microbianos (CEBEM), Departamento de Ciencias agronómicas, Universidad de La Frontera. Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Sánchez-López ÁM, Baslam M, De Diego N, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Almagro G, Ricarte-Bermejo A, García-Gómez P, Li J, Humplík JF, Novák O, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2592-2608. [PMID: 27092473 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth. Here we show that volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse rhizosphere and non-rhizhosphere bacteria and fungi (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote growth and flowering of various plant species, including crops. In Arabidopsis plants exposed to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, changes included enhancement of photosynthesis and accumulation of high levels of cytokinins (CKs) and sugars. Evidence obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered CK status show that CKs play essential roles in this phenomenon, because growth and flowering responses to the VCs were reduced in mutants with CK-deficiency (35S:AtCKX1) or low receptor sensitivity (ahk2/3). Further, we demonstrate that the plant responses to fungal VCs are light-dependent. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis leaves exposed to A. alternata VCs revealed changes in the expression of light- and CK-responsive genes involved in photosynthesis, growth and flowering. Notably, many genes differentially expressed in plants treated with fungal VCs were also differentially expressed in plants exposed to VCs emitted by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03, suggesting that plants react to microbial VCs through highly conserved regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Jan F Humplík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
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Ge B, Liu B, Nwet TT, Zhao W, Shi L, Zhang K. Bacillus methylotrophicus Strain NKG-1, Isolated from Changbai Mountain, China, Has Potential Applications as a Biofertilizer or Biocontrol Agent. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166079. [PMID: 27832162 PMCID: PMC5104391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical pesticides are widely used in agriculture, which endangers both environmental health and food safety. Biocontrol is an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective green technique in environmental protection and agricultural production; it generally uses selected bioresources, including beneficial microorganisms. We isolated a novel bacterial strain (NKG-1) from the rare dormant volcanic soils of Changbai Mountain in China's Jilin Province. The strain was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus using morphological, biochemical, physiological, and phylogenetic 16S rDNA sequencing data. This strain was able to suppress mycelial growth and conidial germination of numerous plant pathogenic fungi on solid media. A greenhouse experiment showed that application of NKG-1 fermentation broth prior to inoculation of Botrytis cinerea, the cause of gray tomato mold, inhibited growth of the mold by 60%. Furthermore, application of a 100× dilution of NKG-1 fermentation broth to tomato seedlings yielded a significant increase in seedling fresh weight (27.4%), seedling length (12.5%), and root length (57.7%) compared to the control. When the same dosage was applied in the field, we observed increases in tomato plant height (14.7%), stem diameter (12.7%), crown width (16.3%), and maximum fruit diameter (11.5%). These results suggest that NKG-1 has potential commercial application as a biofertilizer or biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Thinn Thinn Nwet
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyaukse Technological University, Kyaukse, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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64
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Li N, Alfiky A, Vaughan MM, Kang S. Stop and smell the fungi: Fungal volatile metabolites are overlooked signals involved in fungal interaction with plants. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chung JH, Song GC, Ryu CM. Sweet scents from good bacteria: Case studies on bacterial volatile compounds for plant growth and immunity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:677-87. [PMID: 26177913 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria produce diverse chemical compounds that affect the behavior of other organisms including plants. Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) contribute to triggering plant immunity and promoting plant growth. Previous studies investigated changes in plant physiology caused by in vitro application of the identified volatile compounds or the BVC-emitting bacteria. This review collates new information on BVC-mediated plant-bacteria airborne interactions, addresses unresolved questions about the biological relevance of BVCs, and summarizes data on recently identified BVCs that improve plant growth or protection. Recent explorations of bacterial metabolic engineering to alter BVC production using heterologous or endogenous genes are introduced. Molecular genetic approaches can expand the BVC repertoire of beneficial bacteria to target additional beneficial effects, or simply boost the production level of naturally occurring BVCs. The effects of direct BVC application in soil are reviewed and evaluated for potential large-scale field and agricultural applications. Our review of recent BVC data indicates that BVCs have great potential to serve as effective biostimulants and bioprotectants even under open-field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-hui Chung
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
| | - Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
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66
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Verbon EH, Liberman LM. Beneficial Microbes Affect Endogenous Mechanisms Controlling Root Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:218-229. [PMID: 26875056 PMCID: PMC4772406 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have incredible developmental plasticity, enabling them to respond to a wide range of environmental conditions. Among these conditions is the presence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the soil. Recent studies show that PGPR affect Arabidopsis thaliana root growth and development by modulating cell division and differentiation in the primary root and influencing lateral root development. These effects lead to dramatic changes in root system architecture that significantly impact aboveground plant growth. Thus, PGPR may promote shoot growth via their effect on root developmental programs. This review focuses on contextualizing root developmental changes elicited by PGPR in light of our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and root developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline H Verbon
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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67
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Kai M, Effmert U, Piechulla B. Bacterial-Plant-Interactions: Approaches to Unravel the Biological Function of Bacterial Volatiles in the Rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:108. [PMID: 26903987 PMCID: PMC4746483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobacteria produce an enormous amount of volatile compounds, however, the function of these metabolites is scarcely understood. Investigations evaluating influences on plants performed in various laboratories using individually developed experimental setups revealed different and often contradictory results, e.g., ranging from a significant plant growth promotion to a dramatic suppression of plant development. In addition to these discrepancies, these test systems neglected properties and complexity of the rhizosphere. Therefore, to pursue further investigations of the role of bacterial volatiles in this underground habitat, the applied methods have to simulate its natural characteristics as much as possible. In this review, we will describe and discuss pros and cons of currently used bioassays, give insights into rhizosphere characteristics, and suggest improvements for test systems that would consider in natura conditions and would allow gaining further knowledge of the potential function and significance of rhizobacterial volatiles in plant life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Uta Effmert
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
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68
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Delaplace P, Delory BM, Baudson C, Mendaluk-Saunier de Cazenave M, Spaepen S, Varin S, Brostaux Y, du Jardin P. Influence of rhizobacterial volatiles on the root system architecture and the production and allocation of biomass in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:195. [PMID: 26264238 PMCID: PMC4531529 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are increasingly being seen as a way of complementing conventional inputs in agricultural systems. The effects on their host plants are diverse and include volatile-mediated growth enhancement. This study sought to assess the effects of bacterial volatiles on the biomass production and root system architecture of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. RESULTS An in vitro experiment allowing plant-bacteria interaction throughout the gaseous phase without any physical contact was used to screen 19 bacterial strains for their growth-promotion ability over a 10-day co-cultivation period. Five groups of bacteria were defined and characterised based on their combined influence on biomass production and root system architecture. The observed effects ranged from unchanged to greatly increased biomass production coupled with increased root length and branching. Primary root length was increased only by the volatile compounds emitted by Enterobacter cloacae JM22 and Bacillus pumilus T4. Overall, the most significant results were obtained with Bacillus subtilis GB03, which induced an 81 % increase in total biomass, as well as enhancing total root length, total secondary root length and total adventitious root length by 88.5, 201.5 and 474.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report on bacterial volatile-mediated growth promotion of a grass plant. Contrasting modulations of biomass production coupled with changes in root system architecture were observed. Most of the strains that increased total plant biomass also modulated adventitious root growth. Under our screening conditions, total biomass production was strongly correlated with the length and branching of the root system components, except for primary root length. An analysis of the emission kinetics of the bacterial volatile compounds is being undertaken and should lead to the identification of the compounds responsible for the observed growth-promotion effects. Within the context of the inherent characteristics of our in vitro system, this paper identifies the next critical experimental steps and discusses them from both a fundamental and an applied perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Delaplace
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Baudson
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | | | - Stijn Spaepen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Varin
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Yves Brostaux
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Applied Statistics, Computer Science and Modeling, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Patrick du Jardin
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Plant Biology, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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69
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Wu Y, Yuan J, E Y, Raza W, Shen Q, Huang Q. Effects of volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces albulus
NJZJSA2 on growth of two fungal pathogens. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1104-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Jun Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Yaoyao E
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Waseem Raza
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Qirong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River; Ministry of Agriculture; Nanjing 210095 China
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Kanchiswamy CN, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Bioprospecting bacterial and fungal volatiles for sustainable agriculture. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:206-11. [PMID: 25659880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Current agricultural practice depends on a wide use of pesticides, bactericides, and fungicides. Increased demand for organic products indicates consumer preference for reduced chemical use. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel sustainable strategies for crop protection and enhancement that do not rely on genetic modification and/or harmful chemicals. An increasing body of evidence indicates that bacterial and fungal microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) might provide an alternative to the use of chemicals to protect plants from pathogens and provide a setting for better crop welfare. It is well known that MVOCs can modulate the physiology of plants and microorganisms and in this Opinion we propose that MVOCs can be exploited as an ecofriendly, cost-effective, and sustainable strategy for agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidananda Nagamangala Kanchiswamy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige TN, Italy.
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige TN, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
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Velivelli SLS, Kromann P, Lojan P, Rojas M, Franco J, Suarez JP, Prestwich BD. Identification of mVOCs from Andean rhizobacteria and field evaluation of bacterial and mycorrhizal inoculants on growth of potato in its center of origin. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:652-67. [PMID: 25339308 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Food security (a pressing issue for all nations) faces a threat due to population growth, land availability for growing crops, a changing climate (leading to increases in both abiotic and biotic stresses), heightened consumer awareness of the risks related to the use of agrichemicals, and also the reliance on depleting fossil fuel reserves for their production. Legislative changes in Europe mean that fewer agrichemicals will be available in the future for the control of crop pests and pathogens. The need for the implementation of a more sustainable agricultural system globally, incorporating an integrated approach to disease management, has never been more urgent. To that end, the Valorizing Andean Microbial Diversity (VALORAM) project (http://valoram.ucc.ie), funded under FP7, examined the role of microbial communities in crop production and protection to improve the sustainability, food security, environmental protection, and productivity for rural Andean farmers. During this work, microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) of 27 rhizobacterial isolates were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani was determined in vitro and compared to the activity of a selection of pure volatile compounds. Five of these isolates, Pseudomonas palleroniana R43631, Bacillus sp. R47065, R47131, Paenibacillus sp. B3a R49541, and Bacillus simplex M3-4 R49538 trialled in the field in their respective countries of origin, i.e., Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, showed significant increase in the yield of potato. The strategy followed in the VALORAM project may offer a template for the future isolation and determination of putative biocontrol and plant growth-promoting agents, useful as part of a low-input integrated pest management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva L S Velivelli
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Butler Building, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland,
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Kanchiswamy CN, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Chemical diversity of microbial volatiles and their potential for plant growth and productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:151. [PMID: 25821453 PMCID: PMC4358370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are produced by a wide array of microorganisms ranging from bacteria to fungi. A growing body of evidence indicates that MVOCs are ecofriendly and can be exploited as a cost-effective sustainable strategy for use in agricultural practice as agents that enhance plant growth, productivity, and disease resistance. As naturally occurring chemicals, MVOCs have potential as possible alternatives to harmful pesticides, fungicides, and bactericides as well as genetic modification. Recent studies performed under open field conditions demonstrate that efficiently adopting MVOCs may contribute to sustainable crop protection and production. We review here the chemical diversity of MVOCs by describing microbial-plants and microbial-microbial interactions. Furthermore, we discuss MVOCs role in inducing phenotypic plant responses and their potential physiological effects on crops. Finally, we analyze potential and actual limitations for MVOC use and deployment in field conditions as a sustainable strategy for improving productivity and reducing pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidananda Nagamangala Kanchiswamy
- Research and Innovation Center, Biology and Genomic of Fruit Plants, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy,
- *Correspondence: Chidananda Nagamangala Kanchiswamy, Research and Innovation Center, Biology and Genomic of Fruit Plants, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E.Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Center, Biology and Genomic of Fruit Plants, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy,
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
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73
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Temporal Changes in the Neonatal Recognition Cue of Dohne Merino Lambs (Ovis aries). Chem Senses 2014; 39:249-62. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjt075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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74
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Identification of volatiles produced by Cladosporium cladosporioides CL-1, a fungal biocontrol agent that promotes plant growth. SENSORS 2013; 13:13969-77. [PMID: 24135990 PMCID: PMC3859103 DOI: 10.3390/s131013969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Certain microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have been reported to enhance the growth and development of plants. The biocontrol fungi, Cladosporium cladosporioides CL-1 significantly improved the growth of tobacco seedlings in vitro when they were co-cultivated without physical contact. SPME Quadrupole GC/MS/MS revealed that CL-1 emited the volatiles α-pinene, (−)-trans-caryophyllene, tetrahydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethylfuran, dehydroaromadendrene, and (+)-sativene. Potential roles of these volatiles in plant growth and development are discussed. Even though there were several fungal VOCs reported in the past that could influence plant growth, their exact mechanisms of action are not fully known. Fungal VOC-mediated plant growth promotion requires in-depth study in order for this technology to be used in large scale for crops, especially those grown under greenhouse conditions.
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75
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Groenhagen U, Baumgartner R, Bailly A, Gardiner A, Eberl L, Schulz S, Weisskopf L. Production of bioactive volatiles by different Burkholderia ambifaria strains. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:892-906. [PMID: 23832658 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that volatile compounds emitted by bacteria can influence the growth of other organisms. In this study, the volatiles produced by three different strains of Burkholderia ambifaria were analysed and their effects on the growth of plants and fungi, as well as on the antibiotic resistance of target bacteria, were assessed. Burkholderia ambifaria emitted highly bioactive volatiles independently of the strain origin (clinical environment, rhizosphere of pea, roots of maize). These volatile blends induced significant biomass increase in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as growth inhibition of two phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata). In Escherichia coli exposed to the volatiles of B. ambifaria, resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin and kanamycin was found to be increased. The volatile blends of the three strains were similar, and dimethyl disulfide was the most abundant compound. Sulfur compounds, ketones, and aromatic compounds were major groups in all three volatile profiles. When applied as pure substance, dimethyl disulfide led to increased plant biomass, as did acetophenone and 3-hexanone. Significant fungal growth reduction was observed with high concentrations of dimethyl di- and trisulfide, 4-octanone, S-methyl methanethiosulphonate, 1-phenylpropan-1-one, and 2-undecanone, while dimethyl trisulfide, 1-methylthio-3-pentanone, and o-aminoacetophenone increased resistance of E. coli to aminoglycosides. Comparison of the volatile profile produced by an engineered mutant impaired in quorum-sensing (QS) signalling with the corresponding wild-type led to the conclusion that QS is not involved in the regulation of volatile production in B. ambifaria LMG strain 19182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Groenhagen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Rapid Identification of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulating Members of Bacillales Using Internal Primers for phaC Gene of Bacillus megaterium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/562014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium is gaining recognition as an experimental model and biotechnologically important microorganism. Recently, descriptions of new strains of B. megaterium and closely related species isolated from diverse habitats have increased. Therefore, its identification requires several tests in combination which is usually time consuming and difficult to do. We propose using the uniqueness of the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase C gene of B. megaterium in designing primers that amplify the 0.9 kb region of the phaC for its identification. The PCR method was optimized to amplify 0.9 kb region of phaC gene. After optimization of the PCR reaction, two methods were investigated in detail. Method I gave an amplification of a single band of 0.9 kb only in B. megaterium and was demonstrated by several strains of B. megaterium isolated from different habitats. The use of Method I did not result in the amplification of the phaC gene with other members of Bacillales. The specificity for identification of B. megaterium was confirmed using sequencing of amplicon and RT-PCR. Method II showed multiple banding patterns of nonspecific amplicons among polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating members of Bacillales unique to the respective species. These methods are rapid and specific for the identification of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating B. megaterium and members of Bacillales.
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77
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Weise T, Kai M, Piechulla B. Bacterial ammonia causes significant plant growth inhibition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63538. [PMID: 23691060 PMCID: PMC3655192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many and complex plant-bacteria inter-relationships are found in the rhizosphere, since plants release a variety of photosynthetic exudates from their roots and rhizobacteria produce multifaceted specialized compounds including rich mixtures of volatiles, e.g., the bouquet of Serratia odorifera 4Rx13 is composed of up to 100 volatile organic and inorganic compounds. Here we show that when growing on peptone-rich nutrient medium S. odorifera 4Rx13 and six other rhizobacteria emit high levels of ammonia, which during co-cultivation in compartmented Petri dishes caused alkalization of the neighboring plant medium and subsequently reduced the growth of A. thaliana. It is argued that in nature high-protein resource degradations (carcasses, whey, manure and compost) are also accompanied by bacterial ammonia emission which alters the pH of the rhizosphere and thereby influences organismal diversity and plant-microbe interactions. Consequently, bacterial ammonia emission may be more relevant for plant colonization and growth development than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Weise
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Kai
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bailly A, Weisskopf L. The modulating effect of bacterial volatiles on plant growth: current knowledge and future challenges. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:79-85. [PMID: 22301973 PMCID: PMC3357376 DOI: 10.4161/psb.7.1.18418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria interact with plants in many different ways. In recent years, bacterial production of volatiles has emerged as a novel process by which bacteria modulate plant growth. Exposure to the volatiles produced by certain bacterial strains has been shown to lead to up to 5-fold increased plant biomass or to plant death. Despite these drastic growth alterations, the elucidation of the molecules responsible, of the mechanism of perception by the plant and of the specific metabolic changes induced in planta is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge and highlights future lines of research that should increase our knowledge of the volatile-mediated dialogue between bacteria and plants.
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