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SmithHardy CL, Hart LT, Dimopoullos GT, Lambremont EN. Plasmodium lophurae: quantitative in vitro incorporation of 14C-1-acetate into lipids. Exp Parasitol 1975; 37:193-204. [PMID: 1123014 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(75)90070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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52
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Zwaal RF, Flückiger R, Moser S, Zahler P. Lecithinase activities at the external surface of ruminant erythrocyte membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 373:416-24. [PMID: 4215458 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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53
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Dousset N, Douste-Blazy L. [Letter: Effect of radiation on the in vitro exchange of phospholipids between rat plasma and erythrocytes]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1974; 26:505-10. [PMID: 4548421 DOI: 10.1080/09553007414551541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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54
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Renooij W, Van Golde LM, Zwaal RF, Roelofsen B, Van Deenen LL. Preferential incorporation of fatty acids at the inside of human erythrocyte membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 363:287-92. [PMID: 4420182 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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55
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Dousset N, Douste-Blazy L. In vitro incorporation of 1-14C nonanal-9-oic acid into plasma and human red blood cells lipids. Lipids 1974; 9:512-3. [PMID: 4421576 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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56
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Bibb C, Young RW. Renewal of fatty acids in the membranes of visual cell outer segments. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1974; 61:327-43. [PMID: 4827908 PMCID: PMC2109290 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.61.2.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The renewal of fatty acids in the visual cells and pigment epithelium of the frog retina was studied by autoradiographic analysis of animals injected with tritiated palmitic, stearic, or arachidonic acids. Most of the radioactive material could be extracted from the retina with chloroform-methanol, indicating that the fatty acids had been esterified in lipids. Analysis of the extracts, after injection of [(3)H]palmitic acid, revealed that the radioactivity was predominantly in phospholipid. Palmitic acid was initially concentrated in the pigment epithelium, particularly in oil droplets which are storage sites for vitamin A esterified with fatty acid. The cytoplasm, but not the nucleus of these cells, was also heavily labeled. Radioactive fatty acid was bound immediately to the visual cell outer segment membranes, including detached rod membranes which had been phagocytized by the pigment epithelium. This is believed to be due to fatty acid exchange in phospholipid molecules already situated in the membranes. Gradually, the concentration of radioactive material in the visual cell outer segment membranes increased, apparently as a result of the addition of new phospholipid molecules, possibly augmented by the transfer from the pigment epithelium of esterified vitamin A. Injected fatty acid became particularly concentrated in new membranes which are continually assembled at the base of rod outer segments. This localized concentration was short-lived, apparently due to the rapid renewal of fatty acid. The results support the conclusion that rods renew the lipids of their outer segments by membrane replacement, whereas both rods and cones renew the membrane lipids by molecular replacement, including fatty acid exchange and replacement of phospholipid molecules in existing membranes.
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Soula G, Souillard C, Douste-Blazy L. [Phospholipid metabolism of nucleated red blood cells. Incorporation of 32 P orthophosphate into chicken plasma and globular phospholipids in vivo]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 30:93-9. [PMID: 4343811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mulder E, Lamers-Stahlhofen GJ, van der Molen HJ. Metabolism of free and conjugated steroids by intact and hemolysed mammalian erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 260:290-7. [PMID: 4259003 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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62
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Lubin BH, Shohet SB, Nathan DG. Changes in fatty acid metabolism after erythrocyte peroxidation: stimulation of a membrane repair process. J Clin Invest 1972; 51:338-44. [PMID: 5009118 PMCID: PMC302132 DOI: 10.1172/jci106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To study certain membrane repair processes in human erythrocytes, vitamin E-deficient cells were incubated with hydrogen peroxide. The incorporation of exogenous fatty acid and the transfer of fatty acid from phosphatidylcholine and neutral lipid into phosphatidylethanolamine were examined using radioactive fatty acids. Hydrogen peroxide stimulated the incorporation of fatty acid into all membrane phospholipids. The specific activity of phosphatidylethanolamine was increased disproportionately. The lipids of the membranes of erythrocytes were labeled with saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. When these erythrocytes were subsequently incubated with hydrogen peroxide, both types of fatty acid were transferred from superficial erythrocyte neutral lipids into phosphatidylethanolamine. However, the unsaturated fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine were subsequently altered by hydrogen peroxide, whereas the saturated fatty acids were not. The cumulative effect of these processes was a relative decrease in unsaturated fatty acid and an increase in saturated fatty acid in the phosphatidylethanolamine of the erythrocyte membrane. The net effect of these events represents the operation of repair processes which distort the usual fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in the presence of H(2)O(2). This distortion may contribute to membrane permeability changes which occur during peroxide exposure and which precede the eventual hemolysis of these cells.
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63
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van den Bosch H, van Golde LM, van Deenen LL. Dynamics of phosphoglycerides. ERGEBNISSE DER PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE UND EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKOLOGIE 1972; 66:13-145. [PMID: 4566505 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-05882-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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64
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Rock RC. Incorporation of 14 C-labelled fatty acids into lipids of rhesus erythrocytes and Plasmodium knowlesi in vitro. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 40:893-906. [PMID: 4332950 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(71)90035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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65
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Angus MG, Fletcher KA, Maegraith BG. Studies on the lipids of Plasmodium knowlesi-infected rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). IV. Changes in erythrocyte lipids. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1971; 65:429-39. [PMID: 5004253 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1971.11686775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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66
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SHOHET STEPHENB. The apparent transfer of fatty acid from phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine in human erythrocytes. J Lipid Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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67
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68
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69
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Coldman MF, Gent M, Good W. Relationships between osmotic fragility and other species-specific variables of mammalian erythrocytes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 34:759-72. [PMID: 5505554 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(70)90997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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70
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Wittels B. Modification of phospholipid metabolism in human red cells by primaquine. A possible mechanism in drug-induced hemolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 210:74-85. [PMID: 5456047 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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71
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Winterbourn CC, Batt RD. The uptake of plasma fatty acids into human red cells and its relationship to cell age. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 202:9-20. [PMID: 5417200 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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72
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Cohen P, Derksen A, Van den Bosch H. Pathways of fatty acid metabolism in human platelets. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:128-39. [PMID: 5409801 PMCID: PMC322451 DOI: 10.1172/jci106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic fate of (14)C-labeled fatty acids which have been incubated with human platelets, has been traced. The following has been shown. (a) Intact platelets have a considerable capacity to oxidize fatty acids. (b) When tracer amounts of four of the most common fatty acids in normal plasma were incubated with platelets, each showed a distinctive pattern of uptake among neutral lipids and phospholipids. With regard to the latter, it was shown that these distribution patterns were, in most cases, similar to those of the fatty acids found in natural platelet phospholipids. (c) By increasing the time of incubation or the amount of added oleic acid, the distribution of oleic acid uptake between lecithin and other phosphoglycerides was altered so that a larger share was incorporated into the latter. (d) The effects of added lysolecithin or lysoethanolamine phosphoglycerides on oleic acid incorporation into platelet phosphoglycerides are quite variable. At low concentrations, added lysolecithin functions chiefly as a reaction partner for oleic acid. Added adenosine triphosphate and CoASH augment the incorporation of oleic acid into lecithin over a wide range of added lysolecithin (12.5-500 mumoles/liter). At higher concentrations of added lysolecithin, in the absence of ATP and CoASH, oleic acid incorporation into lecithin is considerably reduced. Also, added lysolecithin and lysoethanolamine phosphoglycerides, in the absence of ATP and CoASH, are able, at certain concentrations, to stimulate oleic acid incorporation into all except the serine phosphoglycerides. (e) Platelets appear to have a de novo pathway for renewal of lecithin.
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73
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Payne E, Masters CJ. The incorporation of fatty acids into ruminant erythrocytes in vitro. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 29:717-29. [PMID: 5788611 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(69)91623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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74
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Andreoli VM. Platelet lipids. II. In vitro incorporation of 1-14-C palmitic acid into lipid fractions of rabbit platelets. Eur J Pharmacol 1968; 4:404-10. [PMID: 4302132 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(68)90026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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75
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Shohet SB, Nathan DG, Karnovsky ML. Stages in the incorporation of fatty acids into red blood cells. J Clin Invest 1968; 47:1096-108. [PMID: 5645855 PMCID: PMC297262 DOI: 10.1172/jci105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature human erythrocytes were incubated with (14)C-labeled palmitic acid bound to crystalline human albumin. Energy-dependent incorporation of the labeled palmitic acid into cell membrane phospholipids occurred, and various stages in this incorporation were defined. Initially the palmitic acid was rapidy transferred from the albumin to a "superficial" membrane pool of free fatty acid (F-1), which was removable when the cells were washed with defatted albumin. This process was independent of red cell metabolism. The labeled fatty acid then passed into a second "deeper" membrane pool of free fatty acids (F-2), which was not extractable with albumin. This process was energy-dependent and proceeded at a slower rate than the initial transfer from albumin to F-1. Ultimately the labeled fatty acid was incorporated into phosphatides (PL). This process also was dependent upon cellular metabolism. The kinetics of pulse label studies suggest that the processes observed were sequential and that precursor-product relationships exist between the F-1 and F-2 pools and the F-2 and PL pools. [Formula: see text] From the size and specific activities of these pools, calculations of the extent of phospholipid turnover were made. An approximate figure of 2% /hr or 30 nmoles/ml of packed red blood cells per hr was obtained. The figure was further calculated to represent an energy cost to the red blood cell of approximately 5% of the energy available from glycolysis.
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Abstract
The turnover of the four major erythrocyte phospholipids has been studied with (32)P, both in vivo and in vitro, in man and the dog. Phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine appeared to be stable erythrocyte lipids in both species. Turnover of the phosphate moiety of lecithin and sphingomyelin in the circulating erythrocytes of these two species seems entirely due to an exchange of the whole molecule with the corresponding plasma compound. Exchangeable and nonexchangeable pools of these two cellular lipids were found. In man about 60% of erythrocyte lecithin is exchangeable. The 12 hr fractional turnover of this pool is approximately 13%. Only 30% of the sphingomyelin in human cells appeared exchangeable; this portion had a 12 hr fractional turnover of about 14%. Similar results were obtained in the dog except that in this species about 75% of the erythrocyte sphingomyelin was exchangeable. Inorganic (32)P was not incorporated into any of the four major phospholipids in either species. The present findings aid in estimating quantitatively the effect of plasmaerythrocyte lipid exchange on red blood cell phospholipids.
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78
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Winterbourn CC, Batt RD. Incorporation of [I-14C]palmitate into the lipids of bovine blood cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 152:255-65. [PMID: 5639258 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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79
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Winterbourn CC, Batt RD. Metabolism in vivo of bovine erythrocyte lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 152:412-4. [PMID: 5639269 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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80
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81
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Nichols BW, James AT, Breuer J. Interrelationships between fatty acid biosynthesis and acyl-lipid synthesis in Chlorella vulgaris. Biochem J 1967; 104:486-96. [PMID: 6048790 PMCID: PMC1270610 DOI: 10.1042/bj1040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
1. Fatty acid synthesis from [2-(14)C]acetate by Chlorella vulgaris cells grown and incubated in the dark is limited almost entirely to the production of saturated and monoenoic acids. 2. In light-incubated cells, both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are rapidly synthesized. 3. Two groups of lipids can be distinguished in both dark- and light-incubated cells. The first group, consisting of phosphatidyl-glycerol, monogalactosyl diglyceride, lecithin and neutral glyceride, has a very high turnover rate for certain fatty acids. The second group, consisting of digalactosyl diglyceride, sulpholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, has a slow turnover of fatty acids. 4. The lipids with rapid fatty acid turnover may be involved in the sequences of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. A classification of lipids is made on the basis of their suggested functions.
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82
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Siddiqui WA, Schnell JV, Geiman QM. Stearic acid as plasma replacement for intracellular in vitro culture of Plasmodium knowlesi. Science 1967; 156:1623-5. [PMID: 4960876 DOI: 10.1126/science.156.3782.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A chloroform extract of Cohn's fraction IV-4 of human plasma successfully replaced whole fraction IV-4 for the intracellular in vitro culture of Plasmodium knowlesi. We are now able to report the successful replacement of monkey plasma by stearic acid.
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83
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Donabedian RK, Karmen A. Fatty acid transport and incorporation into human erythrocytes in vitro. J Clin Invest 1967; 46:1017-27. [PMID: 6026094 PMCID: PMC297107 DOI: 10.1172/jci105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
When human erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with (14)C-labeled free fatty acids bound to serum albumin, labeled fatty acids were incorporated into erythrocyte triglycerides and phospholipids. The first step in this reaction was the transfer of free fatty acids from the albumin to the cells. This transfer was rapid and reversible. The acids were distributed between albumin and cells according to the relative quantities of albumin and cells present. Each acid had a different distribution coefficient. At equilibrium, relatively larger fractions of the stearic and palmitic acids and smaller fractions of the oleic and linoleic were associated with the cells. All these fatty acids were then slowly incorporated into phospholipids and triglycerides. The rate of incorporation of each was a function of its concentration in the cells, but larger fractions of the oleic and linoleic were incorporated than of the stearic, palmitic, myristic, or lauric. The two processes of transfer and incorporation thus had almost opposite selectivities for the different fatty acids. As a result, the fatty acids incorporated into triglycerides and phospholipids resembled in composition the fatty acids on the albumin except for moderately less stearic acid.
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84
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Walker BL, Yurkowski M. Effect of cell age on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in rats on different dietary regimes. Biochem J 1967; 103:218-24. [PMID: 6033761 PMCID: PMC1270388 DOI: 10.1042/bj1030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
1. Rat erythrocytes were fractionated into young, mature and old cell fractions by centrifugation. The fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas-liquid chromatography, under four different dietary conditions: with adequate linoleic acid in the diet, with a diet deficient in linoleic acid, and with the deficient diet supplemented with corn oil for 3 and 12 days. 2. Significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of cells of different ages on all diets. The pattern of fatty acid distribution depended on the particular acid in question, on its concentration in the total erythrocyte sample and on the nature of the dietary fat. 3. When corn oil was fed to rats that had been fed previously on a deficient diet, the changes in fatty acid composition that occurred depended on the acid and on the cell age. For example, young cells were more active in incorporating palmitic acid and arachidonic acid but incorporated linoleic acid at a slightly lower rate than older cells. 4. These results are believed to indicate the presence in the erythrocyte of transacylases with different specificities, and to show that transacylase activity changes as the cells age.
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85
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Wittels B, Hochstein P. The effect of primaquine on lecithin metabolism in human erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 125:594-7. [PMID: 5973197 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(66)90047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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86
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87
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Maddy AH. The chemical organization of the plasma membrane of animal cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1966; 20:1-65. [PMID: 5337299 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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88
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Mulder E, van den Berg JW, van Deenen LL. Metabolism of red-cell lipids. II. Conversions of lysophosphoglycerides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 106:118-27. [PMID: 5848257 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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